ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bengaluru, Karnataka 560107

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

LabVIEW Programming

B.E - III Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering

Subject Code – BEC358A

Lab Manual – 2024-25

Name : _________________________________________________________

USN:___________________________________________________________

Branch:______________________________Section:____________________
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)
PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles
of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities
with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

PSO1: Analog / Digital Circuit Design: Apply the conceptual knowledge in the analysis
and/or design, evaluate analog/digital circuits and systems.
PSO2: VLSI, Signal Processing and Embedded Systems: Demonstrate technical
competency in the analysis, design and validation of components in VLSI, Signal
Processing, and Embedded Systems
PSO3: Communication and Networking: Apply the domain knowledge in the
implementation and performance analysis of Communication Systems and Computer
Networks.
 ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Bengaluru, Karnataka 560107
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Syllabus
LabVIEW Programming
Subject Code: BEC358A CIE Marks : 50
SEE Marks : 50 No. of Practical Hrs/Week: 03
Exam Hours: 03 Total no. of Practical Hrs: 42

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Sl. VI programs (Using LabVIEW software )to realize the

No following:
1 Basic arithmetic operations: addition,subtraction,multiplication and division

2 Boolean operations: AND,OR,NOT,XOR and NAND

3 Sum of ‘n’ numbers using ‘for’ loop

4 Factorial of a given number using ‘for’ loop

5 Determine square of a given number

6 Factorial of a given number using ‘while’ loop

7 Sorting even numbers using while loop in an array

8 Finding the array maximum and array minimum

Demonstration experiments

9 Build a Virtual instrument that simulates a heating and cooling system .The system
mustbe able to be controlled manually or automatically.

10 Build a Virtual instrument that simulates a basic calculator.

11 Build a virtual instrument that simulates a water level indicator.

12 Demonstrate how to create basic VI which calculates area and perimeter of a circle.
Introduction to LabVIEW
Virtual Instrumentation:
Virtual instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to
create user-defined measurement systems, called virtual instruments. Traditional hardware
instrumentation systems are made up of pre-defined hardware components, such as digital multimeters
and oscilloscopes that are completely specific to their stimulus, analysis, or measurement function.
Because of their hard-coded function, these systems are more limited in their versatility than virtual
instrumentation systems. The primary difference between hardware instrumentation and virtual
instrumentation is that software is used to replace a large amount of hardware. The software enables
complex and expensive hardware to be replaced by already purchased computer hardware; e. g. analog-
to-digital converter can act as a hardware complement of a virtual oscilloscope, a potentiostat enables
frequency response acquisition and analysis in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with virtual
instrumentation.

Layers of Virtual Instrumentation

• Application Software: Most people think immediately of the application software layer. This is the
primary development environment for building an application.
• Test and Data Management Software: Above the application software layer the test executive and
data management software layer. This layer of software incorporates all of the functionality
developed by the application layer and provides system-wide data management.
• Measurement and Control Services Software: The last layer is often overlooked, yet critical to
maintaining software development productivity.

LabVIEW
Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a graphical programming
language that uses icons instead of lines of text to create applications. In contrast to text-based
programming languages, where instructions determine program execution, LabVIEW uses dataflow
programming, where the flow of data determines execution. In LabVIEW, a user interface can be build
by using a set of tools and objects. The user interface is known as the front panel. Then code can be
added using graphical representations of functions to control the front panel objects. The block diagram
contains this code. In some ways, the block diagram resembles a flowchart.

LabVIEW programs are one of the suitable for virtual instruments, or VIs, because their appearance
and operation imitate physical instruments, such as oscilloscopes and multimeters. Every VI uses
functions that manipulate input from the user interface or other sources and display that information or
move it to other files or other computers.
A VI contains the following three components:
Front panel - Serves as the user interface. Fig 1 shows front panel example.
Fig 1. Front Panel of Virtual Instrumentation.vi

Block diagram - Contains the graphical source code that defines the functionality of the VI. Icon and
connector panel - Identifies the VI so that the VI can be used in another VI. A VI within another VI is
called a subVI. A subVI corresponds to a subroutine in text-based programming languages. Fig 2 shows
Block diagram of VI programming.
The front panel is the user interface of the VI. The front panel is build with controls and indicators,
which are the interactive input and output terminals of the VI, respectively. Controls are knobs,
pushbuttons, dials, and other input devices. Indicators are graphs, LEDs, and other displays. Controls
simulate instrument input devices and supply data to the block diagram of the VI. Indicators simulate
instrument output devices and display data the block diagram acquires or generates. After the front
panel is build, add code using graphical representations of functions to control the front panel objects.
The block diagram contains this graphical source code. Front panel objects appear as terminals on the
block diagram.
Additionally, the block diagram contains functions and structures from built-in LabVIEW VI libraries.
Wires connect each of the nodes on the block diagram, including control and indicator terminals,
functions, and structures.
LabVIEW Palettes
LabVIEW palettes give provide the options needed to create and edit the front panel and block diagram.
The Tools palette is available on the front panel and the block diagram. A tool is a
special operating mode of the mouse cursor. By selecting a tool, the cursor icon changes to the tool
icon. Use the tools to operate and modify front panel and block diagram objects.
Select Window » Show Tools Palette to display the Tools palette.
The Tools palette can be placed anywhere on the screen. If automatic tool selection is enabled and as
the cursor is moved over objects on the front panel or block diagram, LabVIEW automatically selects
the corresponding tool from the Tools palette.
The Controls palette
The Controls palette is available only on the front panel. The Controls palette contains the controls and
indicators used to create the front panel. to display the Controls palette, Select Window » Show
Controls Palette or right-click the front panel workspace. The Controls palette can be placed anywhere
on the screen. Fig 3 shows control pallete.

Fig 3: Controls Palette

The Functions palette

The Functions palette is available only on the block diagram. The Functions palette contains the VIs
and functions used to build the block diagram. To display the Functions palette, select Window » Show
Functions Palette or right-click the block diagram workspace. The Functions palette can be placed
anywhere on the screen. Fig 4 shows Function pallette of LabVIEW

Tips for Working in LabVIEW

• Keystroke Shortcuts
 – <ctrl-H> – Activate/Deactivate Context Help Window
– <ctrl-B> – Remove Broken Wires From Block Diagram
– <ctrl-E> – Toggle Between Front Panel and Block Diagram
– <ctrl-z> – Undo (Also in Edit Menu)
• Tab Key – Toggle Through Tools on Toolbar
• Tools » Options… – Set Preferences in LabVIEW
• VI Properties – Configure VI Appearance, Documentation, etc.
Advantages of LabVIEW
– Graphical User Interface
– Drag-and-Drop built-in functions
– Modular design and hierarchical design
– Multiple high level development tools
– Professional Development Tools
– Multi platforms
– Reduces cost and preserves investment
– Flexibility and scalability
– Connectivity and instrument control
Creating a VI
Launch Labview: Fig 5 shows front and block diagram panel of LabVIEW files.
 Front Panel Controls and Indicators
Controls and Indicators
– Controls are knobs, push buttons, dials and other input devices.
– Indicators are graphs, LEDs and other displays.
– Controls simulate instrument input devices and supply data to the block diagram of
the VI.
– Indicators simulate instrument output devices and display data the block diagram aquires
or generates.
– Every control or indicator has a data type associated with it. They are numeric data type,
boolean data type, string data type

Block Diagram
Terminals
– Front panel object appear as terminals on the block diagram.
– Terminals are entry and exit ports that exchange information between the front panel and
block diagram.
– Terminals are analogous to parameters and constants in text-based programming languages.
Types of terminals include control or indicator terminals and node terminals.
– Control and indicator terminals belong to front panel controls and indicators.
– Data you enter into the front panel controls enter the block diagram through the control
terminals.
– The terminals represent the data type of the control or indicator.
– You can configure front panel controls or indicators to appear as icon or data type terminals
on the block diagram.
– By default, front panel objects appear as icon terminals.
– To display a terminal as a data type on the block diagram, right-click the terminal and select
View As Icon from the shortcut menu

Wires
– You can transfer data among block diagram objects through wires.
– Each wire has a single data source, but you can wire it to many VIs and functions that read
the data.
– Wires are different colors, styles and thicknesses, depending on their data types.
– A broken wire appears as a dashed black line with a red X in the middle.
 – Broken wires occur for a variety of reasons, such as when you try to wire two objects with
incompatible data types.
– You must connect the wires to inputs and outputs that are compatible with the data that is
transferred with the wire.
– You cannot wire an array output to a numeric input.
– In addition, the direction of the wires must be correct. You must connect the wires to only
one input and at least one output.
– You cannot wire two indicators together
– <Ctrl+B> to delete all broken wires or right click and select Clean Up Wire to reroute the
wire.

Data Flow Program

– LabVIEW follows a dataflow model for running VIs.
– A block diagram node executes when all its inputs are available.
– When a node completes execution, it supplies data to its output terminals and passes the
output data to the next node in the dataflow path.
– Visual Basic, C++, JAVA, and most other text-based programming languages follow a
control flow model of program execution.

Review Questions.
What is virtual instrumentation? What are the different palettes in VI? What is sub VI?
What are the advantages of VI?
Compare hardware instrumentation and VI
–
EXPERIMENT 1
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

AIM:
To perform basic arithmetic operations using LabVIEW. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and
division.
THEORY:
To give the 2 inputs numeric controls are selected in Front panel .And all arithmetic operators can be
selected from Functions palette. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are the basic
arithmetic operations.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Start the LabVIEW and create new project and select the blank VI. And click finish button.
Step 2: Press cntl -T button to align Create front and block diagram panel.
Step 3: Numeric controls are given as inputs and numeric indicators are given as output they are
selected by right clicking on the front panel.
Step 4: Different arithmetic operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are
generated in block diagram panel.
Step 5: Using wiring operation inputs and outputs are connected to the respective operators in the block
diagram panel.
Step 6: Input values are given in the front panel and the program is executed. Hence the output is
generated.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
The block diagram for basic arithmetic operations using LabVIEW is shown below in Fig.1.1.

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
Output of basic arithmetic operations is shown in below fig 1.2.

RESULT:
The arithmetic operations were performed and the result is verified using LabVIEW.

Viva questions:
1. What are the advantages of LabVIEW?
2. What are the two panels used in LabVIEW programming?
3. What is the difference between local variable and global variable in LabVIEW?
EXPERIMENT 2
BOOLEAN OPERATIONS
AIM: To perform Boolean operations using LabVIEW. AND,OR,NOT,XOR , NAND

THEORY:
The truth table of Boolean operations like AND, OR,NOT,XOR ,and NAND is shown below in Fig
2.1.The Boolean inputs are given by push buttons in the control palette .All the Boolean operators can
be taken from the functions palette.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Start the LabVIEW and select the blank VI. Step 2: Create front and block diagram panel.
Step 3: To perform Boolean operation push buttons are taken as inputs and round LED as output.
Step 4: Different Boolean operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND are selected from the
block diagram panel.
Step 5: Boolean inputs and outputs are wired in the block diagram panel.

Step 6: Logic values 0 & 1 are given in the front panel and the program is executed.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
The block diagram of Boolean operations is shown below in Fig.2.2.
Fig 2.2:Block diagram of Boolean operations

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The output of Boolean operations is shown below in Fig.2.3.

RESULT: The truth table of Boolean operations AND, OR, NOT, XOR , and NAND gates are
verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Is LabVIEW a compiled programming language?
2. Can LabVIEW be integrated into existing software engineering practices?
3. 3.What is LabVIEW?
EXPERIMENT 3
SUM OF N NUMBERS USING FOR LOOP

AIM:
To find the sum of ‘n’ numbers using FOR loop.
THEORY:
Usually sum of n numbers, we take for natural numbers.The equation to calculate sum of n numbers is
n(n+1)/2.So we want to take sum of first 3 numbers, n=3.Then as per the equation it becomes
3(4)/2=6.i.e 3+2+1=6.
FOR loop in LabVIEW is shown below in Fig 3.1.

In FOR loop, shift registers are used if we make use of previous results. N is the count and ‘i’ is the
iteration terminal and initial value is zero.
PROEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: First of all move to the front panel and press right then control palette and choose numeric
option place in the front panel and its correspondent will shown block diagram.
Step 3:Right click on the block diagram panel, select program , go to structures and select a FOR loop.
Step 4: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register, borders are converted
into shift register.
Step 5: In block diagrams select the numeric button and choose constant and connect it to register.
Step 6: Select the add button from the numeric tab. Then select the increment option from the numeric
tab .Connect the output of this increment block to the remaining input of the add block.
Step 7: At the right shift register click right and from the drop down select create and then select
indicator .
Step 8:Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
The block diagram of sum of n numbers using FOR loop is shown in Fig 3.2 below.

Fig 3.2: Block diagram of sum of n numbers using FOR loop

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The output or the front panel view of sum of n numbers using FOR loop is shown below in figure.

RESULT:
Thus the sum of ‘n’ natural numbers using FOR loop is performed in LabVIEW
For N = 10, Sum of 10 integers = 55

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.What is shift register?How is it implemented in Lab VIEW?
2.Can LabVIEW Vis be merged?
3.What is LabVIEW signal express?
4.What is Formula node in LabVIEW?
5. In which palette,FOR loop is available?
EXPERIMENT 4
FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER

AIM : To perform the factorial of a given number using FOR loop.

THEORY:
Factorial is an important function, which is used to find how many ways things can be arranged or the
ordered set of numbers. The factorial concept is used in many mathematical concepts such as
probability, permutations and combinations, sequences and series, etc. In short, a factorial is a function
that multiplies a number by every number below it till 1. For example, the factorial of 3 represents the
multiplication of numbers 3, 2, 1, i.e. 3! = 3 × 2 × 1 and is equal to 6.
A For Loop is a structure you use to execute a block of code a set number of times. When the VI runs,
the iteration count is evaluated, and then the code is executed.A For Loop can be configured to
conditionally stop code execution in addition to its iteration-based exit. In these cases, the code will
execute until the count terminal setting is reached or the condition is met
– whichever happens first.The structure of FOR loop in LabVIEW is shown below in fig.

PROCEDURE
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Click right on the front panel from the control palette selects numeric and then selects control .
Step 3: Right click on the block diagram panel , select program , go to structures and select a FOR loop.
Step 4: Connect the numeric control in which the user input will be stored to the N. Right click on the
border of the FOR loop and select add shift register, borders are converted into shift register.
Step 5: To initialize the shift register, from the function palette select numeric and then select constant.
Place this numeric with the shift register and set its value to 1.
Step 6: For the multiplication task place a multiply block, from the function palette select
numeric and then select multiply. At one of the two inputs of the multiply block connect the right shift
register, and the output of this block connect the right shift register.
Step 7: On the other input of the multiply block we have to connect the incremented iteration because
the number of iterations start from 0 but we want the factorial from 1 onwards, because the factorial
will turn out to be zero otherwise. From the function palette select numeric and then select increment.
Step 8: At the input of this increment block connect the iterative index of the for loop, and connect the
output of this increment block to the remaining input of the multiply block.
Step 9: At the right shift register click right and from the drop down select create and then select
indicator.
Step 10:Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Block diagram of factorial of a number using FOR loop is given below in Fig.4.2.

Fig.4.2: Block diagram of Factorial of a number using FOR loop

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The output of factorial of a number using FOR loop is shown below in figure below
RESULT:
The factorial of a given number is using FOR loop is performed in LabVIEW.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How mixed data types are combined and passed from one file or place to the other in
LabVIEW?
2. What is the initial value of iteration count?
3. What is subVI?
4. What is block diagram panel?
5. What is front panel?
EXPERIMENT 5
DETERMINE SQUARE , CUBE & SQUARE ROOT OF A GIVEN NUMBER
AIM: To determine Square, Cube 7 Square root of a given number using LabVIEW.

THEORY: The Square root VI computes the square root of the input value. If x is negative, the square
root is NaN unless x is complex. If x is a matrix, this function takes the matrix square root of x. The
connector pane displays the default data types for this polymorphic function. x can be a scalar number,
array or cluster of numbers and array of clusters of numbers. sqrt(x) is a double-precision, floating-
point number if x is an integer. If x is less than 0, sqrt(x) is not a number (NaN).
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram window, select numeric, add numeric constant to represent
the input.
Step 3: Right click on the block diagram window, select numeric, add numeric indicator to represent
output
Step 3: Right Click on the block diagram window, select numeric, add the square, Square root and
multiply blocks
Step 4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Block diagram to calculate square and square root of a number is shown below in figure.
OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The output or the front panel window is shown below in figure

RESULT:
Square of a given number is determined using LabVIEW.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the output of square root block if input is negative number?
2. What is the default data type for input for square root block?
3. Can square root block help in finding roots of a complex number?
4. What is the datatype for integer or floating-point number?
EXPERIMENT 6
FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER USING WHILE LOOP
AIM :
To find factorial of a number using while Loop in LabVIEW.
THEORY:
Use shift registers when you want to pass values from previous iterations through a loop to the next
iteration. A shift register appears as a pair of terminals, shown as follows, directly opposite each other
on the vertical sides of the loop border. The terminal on the right side of the loop contains an up arrow
and stores data on the completion of an iteration. LabVIEW transfers the data stored in the right
terminal of the shift register to the left terminal. The loop then uses the data from the left terminal as
the initial values for the next iteration. This process continues until all iterations of the loop execute.
After the loop executes, the terminal on the right side of the loop returns the last value stored in the
shift register. A shift register transfers any data type and automatically changes to the data type of the
first object wired to the shift register. The data you wire to the terminals of each shift register must be
the same type. If you have multiple operations that use previous iteration values within a loop, use
multiple shift registers to store the data values from those different processes in the structure, as shown
in the following block diagram in Fig 6.1
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel , select program , go to structures and select a WHILE
loop.
Step 3: Right click on the border of the WHILE loop and select add shift register ,borders are converted
into shift register.
Step 4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

Block diagram using while loop

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The output or the front panel window view is shown below in figure

RESULT:
Factorial of a number is determined using while loop in LabVIEW
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the role of shift register in the while loop?
2. What is the default data type for factorial block?
3. How to find factorial of integer numbers?
4. Differentiate for loop and while loop.
EXPERIMENT 7
SORTING EVEN NUMBERS USING WHILE LOOP IN AN ARRAY
AIM:
To sort even numbers using WHILE loop in an array.
THEORY:
While Loop
While Loop executes a subdiagram until a condition is met. The While Loop executes the
subdiagram until the conditional terminal, an input terminal, receives a specific Boolean value. The
default behavior and appearance of the conditional terminal is Continue If True. When a conditional
terminal is Continue If True, the While Loop executes its subdiagram until the conditional terminal
receives a FALSE value. To change the behavior and appearance of the conditional terminal, right-
click on the terminal and select Stop If True. When a conditional terminal is Stop If True, the While
Loop executes its subdiagram until the conditional terminal receives a TRUE value. Because the VI
checks the conditional terminal at the end of each iteration, the While Loop always executes at least
one time. The VI is broken if the conditional terminal is not wired.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the Block diagram panel →structures→ while loop
Step 3: Right click on the Block diagram panel (inside while loop) → array→ index array Step 4: Right
click on the index array (input side) →create →control
Step 5: Right click on the Block diagram panel →array →array size
Step 6: Right click on the Block diagram panel →numeric→ Quotient & Remainder Step 7: Right click
on the Block diagram panel → Comparison→ Equal to 0?
Step 8: Right click on the Block diagram panel →numeric→ numeric constant Step 9: Right click on
the Block diagram panel →numeric→ decrement
Step 10: Right click on the Block diagram panel →numeric→ numeric constant Step 11: Right click
on the Block diagram panel → Comparison→ Equal ?
Step 12: Using wiring operations required connections are made as given in the block diagram inside
loop.
Step 13: Make a connection to while loop from index array
Step 14: Right click step 13 connection (on loop) →Tunnel mode→ Indexing Step 15: Right click step
14 connection (on loop) →Tunnel mode→Conditional Step 16: Right click on the Block diagram panel
→array→ sort 1D array
Step 17: Right click on the sort 1D array (input side) →create→ control [Even array] Step 18: Right
click on the sort 1D array (output side) →create→ control [Sorted array]
Step 19: Using wiring operations required connections are made as given in the block diagram outside
loop.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Below Figure shows the block diagram of sorting even numbers using while loop. The array takes the
input values. Using indexing values are accessed, and checked for even or not. To check for even
number the element value is divided by two and resulting remainder if zero considered as even. This
data is stored in output array. Using sort function, array is sorted.

Block diagram Sorting even Number in LabVIEW

OUTPUT/ FRONT PANEL :

RESULT: Front panel shows the original array, even numbers array and sorted even numbers array.
Even numbers are sorted using while loop in an array.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the different loops available in LabVIEW?
2. Distinguish between for and while loop.
3. What is loop iteration control?
4. What is Multi tracing?
EXPERIMENT 8
FINDING ARRAY MAXIMUM AND ARRAY MINIMUM

AIM:
To find the maximum and minimum variable from an array.
THEORY:
Arrays
• A group of homogeneous elements of a specific data type is known as an array.
• Arrays hold a sequence of data elements,usually of the same size and same data type
placed in contiguous memory locations.
• Individual elements are accessed by their position in the array.
• The position is given by an index, which is also called as subscript
• Some arrays are multi-dimensional, generally one -and two- dimensional arrays are the
most common.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the Block diagram panel →array→ max & min. Step 3: Right click on the max
& min (input side) →create →control.
Step 4: Create four numeric indicators in the front panel for maximum variable, index, minimum
variable, and index by right clicking on output side of max & min.
Step 5: Using wiring operations required connections are made as given in the block diagram. Step
6: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Figure shows the block diagram of array maximum and minimum in LabVIEW. Array input is taken
and using the array max and min function values are indicated using the indicators
Fig 8.1: Block diagram of array maximum and minimum in LabVIEW

OUTPUT /FRONT PANEL :

RESULT:
Figure shows the maximum and minimum of given input array. The array maximum and minimum
is determined using LabVIEW and also its index is displayed.
 LabVIEW programming Lab manual BEC358A Ability Enhancement Lab

DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS
EXPERIMENT 9
BUILD A VI THAT SIMULATES A HEATING AND COOLING
SYSTEM.THE SYSTEM MUST BE ABLE TO BE
CONTROLLED MANUALLY OR AUTOMATICALLY.

AIM:
To build a vi that simulates a heating and cooling system.The system must be able to be
controlled manually or automatically.
The VI’s specifications are listed below.

• Must be able to be controlled automatically or manually

• In manual mode, the heater and air conditioning (AC) can be switched on/off by the
user
• In automatic mode, the heater and AC turn on/off based on the following conditions:
o The air conditioner is turned on when the temperature is above 80°F
o The heater is turned on when the temperature is below 60°F
o The heater and the air conditioner are turned off when the temperature is between
60°F and 80°F.

THEORY:

Structures are process control elements, such as while loops and for loops. The structure to be
used in this experiment is the case structure which is essentially multiple if-statements. A case
structure contains multiple subdiagrams (or cases), and a case will be executed depending on
the input to the case structure

PROCEDURE:
1. In the front panel, drag and drop three Round LEDs and three Slide Switches by going to
the Controls palette > Modern tab > Boolean. Each round LED and each slide switch will
represent the AC, heater, and manual mode. The round LEDs will indicate if the item is on,
and the slide switches will toggle the items on/off.

2. Rename the LEDs and their corresponding switches "Manual," "AC," and "Heater" to make
building the system clearer. This can be done by using the editing text tool in the Tools
palette.

3. Drag and drop a thermometer into the front panel (Controls palette > Modern tab > Numeric
> Thermometer).

4. In the back panel, right click the thermometer terminal and select Change to Control, and
observe how the arrow switches from the left side to the right side. This makes the

Dept Of ECE 35
 thermometer a control that will give an input to the program, which in this case is
temperature.

5. In the back panel, insert a case structure to control the manual and automatic operation of
the heating and cooling system (Functions palette > Structures > Case Structure). To place
the case structure, click once to place one corner of the case structure, and once more to
place the other corner of the case structure.

6. Wire the slide switch designated as Manual to the case selector on the case structure. This
should automatically change the selector label values to True and False, if they were not
already, because the slide switch is a Boolean data type. The true value corresponds to
manual mode being on (where the user can directly toggle the heater and AC), while the
false value corresponds to manual mode being off (where the heater and AC are
automatically toggled by the system).

7. Because the temperature of the room is input into the system only when the system is not in
manual mode (the false case), the thermometer terminal should be moved into the false sub-
diagram.

8. In the true sub-diagram, wire the AC and heater switches directly to their corresponding
LEDs. This allows the switches to directly toggle their corresponding LEDs.

9. Staying in the true sub diagram, insert a True Constant (Functions palette > Programming
tab > Boolean > True Constant). Wire the true constant to the manual LED to turn the
manual LED on and indicate that the system is in manual mode.

10. In the false sub diagram, insert two Numeric Constants (Functions palette >
Programming > Numeric > Numeric Constant), one Greater? function and one Less?
function (Functions palette > Programming > Comparison). These will be used to build the
program for the heating and cooling system in automatic mode.

11. The less and greater functions compare what is wired to the upper input terminal to
what is wired to the lower input terminal. Wire the thermometer to the upper input terminals
of the less and greater functions. Set a numeric constant to 60 and the other to 80. Wire the
60 numeric constant to the lower input terminal of the less function and the 80 numeric
constant to the lower input terminal of the greater function. Wire the output terminal of the
greater function to the AC LED and wire the output of the less function to the heater LED.

12. In the false sub diagram, Insert a False Constant (Functions palette > Programming >
Boolean > False Constant) and wire it to the manual LED. This is to turn off the manual
LED and indicate that the system is in automatic mode.

13. The system is now complete. Click the continuously run button to control and test the
VI. If the continuously run button is faded out, that means the system is wired completely.
When successfully running the system, the gridlines in the background of the front panel
should disappear. Click the switches and thermometer on the front panel to test the system.

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LabVIEW programming Basics Lab manual BEC358A Ability Enhancement Lab

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig 9.1 and 9.2 shows the block diagram for true case and false case respectively.

Fig .9.1 Block Diagram – For True Case

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LabVIEW programming Basics Lab manual 18EC384 Ability Enhancement Lab

Fig 9.2. Block Diagram – For False Case

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The output for VI simulating a heating and cooling system is shown in Fig 9.3.

Fig 9.3.output

RESULT:
A virtual instrument that simulates a heating and cooling system is built.

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LabVIEW programming Basics Lab manual 18EC358A Ability Enhancement Lab

EXPERIMENT 10
BUILD A VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT THAT SIMULATES
BASIC CALCULATOR USING FORMULA MODE

AIM :
To build a Virtual Instrument that simulates basic Calculator Using Formula Mode.

THEORY:
The Formula Node in LabVIEW software is a convenient, text-based node you can use to
perform complicated mathematical operations on a block diagram using the C- syntax structure.
It is most useful for equations that have many variables or are otherwise complicated. The text-
based code simplifies the block diagram and increases its readability. Furthermore, you can
copy and paste existing code directly into the Formula Node rather than recreating it
graphically. The Formula Node is available in all development versions of LabVIEW and does
not require an additional toolkit or add-on.

PROCEDURE:

1. Selecting File»New VI to open a blank VI.

2. Place a Formula Node on the block diagram.
1. Right-click on the diagram and navigate
to Programming»Structures»Formula Node.
2. Left-click to select the Formula Node.
3. Place the Formula Node on the block diagram by left-clicking, dragging, and
releasing the mouse.
3. Right-click the border of the Formula Node and select Add Input from the shortcut
menu.
4. Label the input variable x.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to add another input and label it y as in fig 10.1.

Fig.10.1 add input

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LabVIEW programming Basics Lab manual BEC358A Ability Enhancement Lab

5. Right-click the border of the Formula Node and select Add Output from the shortcut
menu as in fig 10.2.

Fig.10.2. add output

6. Label the output S1.

7. Repeat step 5 to create another output, and label this output D1

8. Enter the expressions below in the Formula Node.

▪ Make sure that you complete each command with a semicolon. Notice,
however, that the if-statement does not require a semicolon on the first line.

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 Fig 10.6 Block diagram

OUTPUT/FRONT PANEL:
The front panel view is shown in following fig.

Fig 10.7 output

RESULT:
A virtual instrument that simulates a basic calculator is built.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the formula node?
2. Use formula node for finding area of circle, circumference of circle and arc of a circle
3. What is the advantage of using formula node?
4. Is formula node text based or block (graphical) based?

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 EXPERIMENT 11
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

AIM:
To create and demonstrate water level indicator.
Description:
If No water is in tank then motor must be ON.
If water level crosses 8 then Motor must be OFF.

THEORY:
The water level indicator circuits are used in factories, chemical plants, and electrical substations and
in other liquid storage systems. There are many possible uses for this simple system, examples include
monitoring a sump pit (to control pump activation), rainfall detection, and leakage detection. Electronic
water level circuits have the capability of alerting if there is a water leak somewhere in the factory.
When the water level is too high or too low or exceeds the higher limit, it can detect the water level
easily by hearing an alarm sound or from different colors of a light bulb. We can also measure the fuel
level in motor vehicles and the liquid level containers which are huge in the companies.
The circuit is designed to indicate three levels of water stored in the tank: empty, half and full but not
overflowing. When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an indication that the tank is
completely empty. Then, manually control the knob to turn ON LED. When water level increases and
touches the maximum limit, the OFF LED will glow indicating that there is water within the tank. As
the water level continues to rise and reaches half the tank, ON LED will still glow indicating tank is
filling.

The important LabVIEW components or tools, required to design a water level detector, list of
these components below:
• Tank

• Round Knob

• Upper Level Indicator

• Lower Level Indicator

• Numerical Indicator

• Graph to observe the results

Vertical pointer is used to control the level of the water in the tank. Upper level indicator shows
when the tank is about to completely fill. Lower level indicator shows indication by turning "ON"
the LED when the level of the water in the tank is too low and we need to fill it. Graphs shows the
graphical visualization as the vertical pointer moves up ow down.

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PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the front panel →numeric→ knob.
Step 3: Right click on the knob →Properties→ scale→ Set maximum 10 and minimum 0
Step 4: Right click on the front panel →Boolean→ Round LED (Name it ON).
Step 5: Right click on the front panel →Boolean→ Round LED (Name it OFF).
Step 6: Right click on the front panel →numeric→ Numeric control
Step 7: Right click on the front panel →numeric→ Tank
Step 8: Right click on the Block diagram panel →comparison→ greater or equal?
Step 9: Right click on the Block diagram panel →comparison→ less?
Step 10: Right click on the Block diagram panel → numeric→ Numeric constant (set 8) [twice]
Step 11: Using wiring operations required connections are made as given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Execute- give inputs in the front panel by rotating knob and observe tank filling and
switches ON & OFF.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig 11.1 shows the block diagram water level indicator in LabVIEW. A round control knob is
used to switch on the motor and off. Numeric indicator display water level in tank.

Fig.11.1 block diagram

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LabVIEW programming Basics Lab manual Ability Enhancement Lab

OUTPUT /FRONT PANEL :

RESULT:
Fig 11.2 (a), (b) and (c) shows Motor on with no water and filling and reached upper limit and
off. A VI that indicates water level is built.

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How to create vertical indicators?
2. Is it possible to change the settings of LED?
3. Is it possible to implement this using While loop?
4. Comparator functions are present in which palette?

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 EXPERIMENT 12
CALCULATION OF AREA AND PERIMETER OF CIRCLE

AIM:
To calculate area and perimeter of a circle.
Description: Area of circle = 𝜋𝑟2
Perimeter/circumference of circle = 2𝜋𝑟
r- radius of circle
if r>10 then indicate to reduce radius.
THEORY:
The area shows the space inside an object having two dimensions. Where as, circumference is
the parameter which shows the boundary of the object. Area is usually measured in m² and
circumference is measured in m according to their System International (SI) units. In this area
and area and circumference calculation of circle is achieved. In this LabVIEW program, which
will take radius as an input and calculates the area and circumference of circle, You can also
select the maximum limit of the radius. When the radius approaches its maximum limit an LED
will glow showing the notification reduce the radius.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the front panel → numeric→ Numeric control
Step 3: Right click on the front panel → numeric→ Numeric indicator [Name Area]
Step 4: Right click on the front panel → numeric→ Numeric indicator [Name Circumference]
Step 5: Right click on the front panel → Boolean→ Square LED
Step 6: Right click on the Block diagram panel →Numeric→ multiply (thrice)
Step 7: Right click on the Block diagram panel →structures→ while loop
Step 8: Right click on the Block diagram panel →numeric→ numeric constant [set value 10]
Step 9: Right click on the Block diagram panel →numeric→ numeric constant [set value 2]
Step 10: Right click on the Block diagram panel →numeric→ math constants→pi
Step 11: Using wiring operations required connections are made as given in the block diagram

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig 12.1 shows the block diagram of area and circumference of circle in LabVIEW. Area and
circumference is calculated using formulas. An upper limit to radius is also kept here.

Fig.12.1 block diargram

OUTPUT /FRONT PANEL :

RESULT:

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the units of area and perimeter?
2. Where to select pi function?
3. What is the difference between continuous run and run?
4.How to indicate broken wire in LabVIEW?

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