Q.1 What is the percent uncertainty in the measurement 3.67 ± 0.25m?

Data:
Value = d = 3.67m
Uncertainty = d = 0.25m
Percentage uncertainty = ∆ d % = ?
Solution:
Uncertainty ∈measurement
Percentage Uncertainty =¿ × 100%
Value of the measurement
∆d
∆ d %=¿ × 100 %
d
0 .25
∆ d %=¿ × 100
3.67
∆ d %=¿ 6.8%
Result: The percentage uncertainty in measurement is 6.8%.

Q.2 What is the area, and its approximate uncertainty, of a circle with radius 3.7 x 104 cm.
Data:
Radius = r = 3.7 x 104 cm
Value of π=3.14
Area = ?
Solution:
2
A=π r
A = 314 (3.7 x 104)
A = 42.98 x 108
A = 4.3 x 109 cm 2 ……….. Eq.(1)
Approximate uncertainty can be calculated as:
2
A=π r
Differentiating……
∆A ∆r
= 2× ……………………. Eq. (2)
A r
Since the value of uncertainty in radius ∆ r is not given, but from the concept of precision, we have
Precision in radius = 0.1x104 cm
4
0.1× 10
Error in radius (∆ r) =
2
4
Error in radius (∆ r) = 0.05 ×10 cm

Substituting the values of A, ∆ r and r in eq.2, we get:

4
∆A 0.05 ×10
9 = 2 × 4
4.3 x 10 3.7 x 10
∆A
9 = 0.027
4.3 x 10
∆ A = 0.027 × 4.3 x 109

∆ A = 0.027× 4.3 x 109

∆ A = 0.116 ×10 9
Therefore, it can be written as:
A+¿ ∆ A = 4.3 x 109 + 0.11 ×10 9

A+¿ ∆ A = (4.3±0.11) x 109 cm2

Result: i) The area is found to be 4.3 x 109 cm 2
 ii) The approximate uncertainty is 4.3±0.11 x 109 cm 2
Q.3 An aero plane travels at 850 km/h. How long does it take to travel 1.00 km?
Data:
850 ×1000
Velocity = V = 850 km/h = = 236.1 m/s
60× 60
Displacement = d =1 km = 1000 m
Time = t = ?
Solution:
According to the definition of velocity:
Displacement
Velocity =
Time
d
V =
t
d
t =
v
1000
t =
236.1
t = 4.23 seconds ……. Answer

Result: It takes 4.23 seconds to travel.

Q.4 A rectangular holding tank 25.0 m in length and 15.0 m in width is used to store water
for period of time in an industrial plant. If 2980 m 3 water is pumped into the tank, What
is the depth of the water?
Data:
Length = l = 25.0 m
Width = w = 15.0 m
Volume = V = 2980 m 3
Depth = d = ?
Solution:
The volume of a rectangular body is given by
V = l ×w × d
l ×w × d=¿ V
2980 2980
d= =
25.0× 15.0 375
d = 7.9466 m
d = 7.95 m
The depth of the tank is found to be 7.95 m.

Q.5 Find the volume of rectangular underground water tank has storage facility of 1.9m
by1.2m by 0.8m.

Data:
Length = l = 1.9 m
Width = w = 1.2 m
Depth = d = 0.8 m
Volume = V = ?
Solution:
The volume of a rectangular body is given by
V = l ×w × d
V =¿ 1.9m × 1.2m ×0.8m
V = 1.824 m3
Result: The volume of the water tank is 1.824 m3.
Q.6 Two student derive following equations in which x refers to distance travelled, v the
speed, a the acceleration, t the time and the subscript (o) means a quantity at time t =
0:
2
(a) x=vt2 +2 at (b) x=v o t +2 a t
which of these could possibly be correct according to dimensional check?

Solution:
Part (a) x=vt2 +2 at Dimensions of:
x = [ L]
The dimension of L.H.S [ L]
v=
L.H.S =[ x ] [T ]
L.H.S =[ L ] ….. Eq. 1 t = [T ]
The dimension of R.H.S [ L]
a= 2
R.H.S = vt 2 +2 at [T ]
2 = None
[ L] [ L]
2 × [T ]
2
¿ × [T ] + 2
[T ] [T ]
2L
R.H.S = L .T + …… Eq. 2
T
From Eq.(1) and Eq.(2)
L.H.S ≠ R.H.S
Thus the given equation is dimensionally incorrect.

2
Part (b) x=v o t +2 a t

The dimension of L.H.S

L.H.S =[ x ]
L.H.S = [ L ] ….. Eq. 1
The dimension of R.H.S:
2
R.H.S = v o t +2 a t

[ L] ❑ [ L] 2
¿ × [T ] + 2 2 × [T ]
[T ] [T ]
= L. + 2 L
R.H.S = 3 L
As constants have no dimension, thus
R.H.S = [ L] …… Eq.2
From Eq. (1) and Eq. (2)
L.H.S ¿ R.H.S
Thus, the given equation is dimensionally correct.

Q. 7 One hectare is defined as 104 m 2. One acre is 4x 104 ft 2. How many acres are in one
hectare.
Data:
1-hectare = 104 m 2
1 acre = 4x 104 ft 2

( ) ( ( ) )
2
1 1
1 m = 3.28 ft ¿ 1 ft = m or 1 ft 2 = m
2
3.28 3.28
Acre in 1 hectare = ?
 Solution:
Since,
1 acre ¿ 4x 104 ft 2

( )
2
41 2
= 4x 10 xm …… (changing ft2 into m2)
3.28
1 2
¿ 40000 x m
10.76
2
1 acre ¿ 3718.3 m

Or 3718.3 m 2 = 1 acre
1
Or 1 m2 = acre
3718.3
Now,
1-hectare = 104 m 2
4 1
1-hectare = 10 x acre ……(changing m 2 into acre)
3718.3
1-hectre = 2.6896 acre
Result: Thus, 1-hectre = 2.69 acre

Q.8 A watch factory claims that its watches gain or lose not more than 10 seconds in a year.
How accurate is this watch, express as percentage?
Data:
Uncertain in time = ∆ t = 10 sec
Actual time = t = 1 year = 365.25 ×24 × 60 ×60=¿ 31557600 sec
Percent uncertainty = ∆ t % = ?
Solution:
∆t
∆ t %=¿ × 100 %
t

10
∆ t %=¿ ×100 %
31557600
∆ t %=¿ 3.16 x 10−5 %
−5
Result: The percentage accuracy is 3.16 x 10 %

Q.9 The diameter of Moon is 3480 km. What is the volume of the Moon? How many moons
would be needed to create a volume equal to that of earth?
Data:
Diameter of Moon 3480 km
Radius of Moon=1740 km
Volume 27
SOLUTION
Since moon shape is sphere. Hence formula for calculating volume of sphere is
(3.14) x (17409km)
P-2.2 x 10(km)
=22 x 10 x10"m
22 x 10 m
Now calculating volume of earth, Since earth is also spherical hence.
and ==
==×3:14x (6380)*(km)
108 x 10km
1.08 x 10 x 10" m
1.08x10
Here the volume of earth is greater than the volume of moon. Therefore
volume earth 1.08 x 10
poleme moon 2.2 x 10
volume earth
49
Volume of earth 49 (volume of moon)
volume moon
It means volume of earth is 49 times volume of moon, Therefore 49 moons are needed
create volume equal to that of earth.