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cls-01 PDF Computer and Its Generation

This document provides an introduction to computers and their evolution. It discusses [1] common computer textbooks, [2] the learning objectives which are to understand what a computer is, its characteristics and generations, and basic applications. [3] It describes how computers have evolved from early proposed mechanical computers to the present day systems, defined by five generations of technology. [4] The basic functions, organization and components of modern computers including input, output, storage, processing and control units are outlined.

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Habiba Shifa
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90 views

cls-01 PDF Computer and Its Generation

This document provides an introduction to computers and their evolution. It discusses [1] common computer textbooks, [2] the learning objectives which are to understand what a computer is, its characteristics and generations, and basic applications. [3] It describes how computers have evolved from early proposed mechanical computers to the present day systems, defined by five generations of technology. [4] The basic functions, organization and components of modern computers including input, output, storage, processing and control units are outlined.

Uploaded by

Habiba Shifa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER - 01

Introduction
2
Text books

1. Introduction to information technology.


ITL Education Solutions Limited
2. Introduction to Computers.
Peter Norton
3. Computer Fundamentals.
Dr. M. Lutfar Rahman
4. Computer Fundamentals Concepts, Systems and
Applications.
Pradeep K. Sinha, Priti Sinha

3
Learning Objectives

In this chapter you will learn about:


§ Computer
§ Characteristic features of computer
§ Computers’ evolution to their present form
§ Computer generations
§ Characteristic features of each computer generation
§ Basic applications of computer

4
Computer

Computer is an electronic device that takes raw data


as an input from the user and processes it under the
control of a set of instructions (called program),
produces a result (output) in desired format.

5
Functionalities of a Computer

If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital


computer carries out the following five functions −
Step 1 − Takes data as input.
Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and
uses them as required.
Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful
information.
Step 4 − Generates the output.
Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps.

6
Characteristics of Computer

7
Evolution of Computers

1.2 Evolution of Computers

ITL Education Solutions Limited

8
Cont.

In 1822, Charles Babbage proposed a machine to


perform differential equations, called Difference
Engine. It is capable of computing several sets of
numbers and making a hard copies of the results.
Due to a lack of funding, he was never able to
complete a full-scale functional version of this
machine.

9
Cont.

In 1833, he quite working on this machine to concentrate on


the Analytical Engine. The basic design of this engine
included input devices in the from of punch cards containing
operating instructions and a “store” for memory of 1,000
numbers of up to 50 decimal digits long. It is also contained
a control unit that allowed processing instructions in any
sequence, and output devices to produced printed results.
Although the analytical engine was never constructed, it
outlined the basic elements of a modern computer.

10
Computer Generations

“Generation” in computer talk is a step in technology.


It provides a framework for the growth of computer
industry

§ Originally it was used to distinguish between


various hardware technologies, but now it has been
extended to include both hardware and software

Till today, there are five computer generations

11
Cont.

12
Cont.

13
Cont.

14
Cont.

15
Applications of computer
(ITL)
1. Science
2. Education
3. Medicine and Health Care Marketing
4. Engineering/Architecture/ Manufacturing
5. Entertainment
6. Communication
7. Business Application
8. Publishing
9. Banking and other cases.

16
Applications of computer
(ITL)

17
Basic Computer Organization

In this chapter you will learn about:


§ Basic operations performed by all types of
computer
systems
§ Basic organization of a computer system
§ Input unit and its functions
§ Output unit and its functions
§ Storage unit and its functions

18
Basic Operations off a Computer

The Five Basic Operations off a Computer System


§ Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions
into the computer system
§ Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them readily
available for initial or additional processing whenever
required
§ Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add,
subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations
(comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on
data to convert them into useful information
Outputting. The process of producing useful information or
results for the user such as a printed report or visual display
§ Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which
19
Basic Organization of a Computer System

20
Input Unit

An input unit of a computer system performs the


following functions:
1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside
world
2. It converts these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form
3. It supplies the converted instructions and data to the
computer system for further processing

21
Output Unit

An output unit of a computer system performs the


following functions:
1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which
are in coded form and hence, cannot be easily
understood by us
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable
(readable) form
3. It supplies the converted results to outside world

22
Storage Unit

The storage unit of a computer system holds (or


stores) the following :
1. Data and instructions required for processing (received
from input devices)
2. Intermediate results of processing
3. Final results of processing, before they are released to
an output device

23
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the


place
where the actual executions of instructions takes
place during processing operation.

24
Control Unit (CU)

Control Unit of a computer system manages and


coordinates the operations of all other components
of the computer system

25
Cont.

26
K. M. Aslam Uddin
Assistant Professor (ICE)
Noakhali Science and Technology
University
27
4/3/2022 5:38:44 PM

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