 ELEMETS VS MEDIUM

- Mediums and elements are the two major factors in creating an artwork. One can easily
identify the elements through the medium used. Elements is independent of medium; if we say that a
painting is made of watercolor, it is medium but when we say that the painting is made of warm and
cool colors, we are speaking of elements.
 ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS
 LINE - line is the strongest and most important and influential. Line can be considered as
the oldest, simplest, and universal elements for creating visual arts.
 FUNCTIONS OF LINE
 OUTLINE AND FORM
 MOVEMENT AND EMPHASIS
 PATTERN AND TEXTURE
 SHADING AND MODELING
 KINDS OF LINE
 Vertical Line - Vertical lines depict power and strength stability, simplicity, poise
or stature and dynamism
 Horizontal Lines - Horizontal line is basically associated with rest and repose.
 Diagonal Lines - Diagonal lines are lines of action and movement. 1t also
suggests impulse, will power, aspiration, passion, and emotion.
 Curved Lines - It is considered as "line of grace" and of beauty".
 Jagged Lines -Jagged lines is associated with pointed and sharp object that
signifies difficulty and discomfort.

 SHAPE - Shape is an enclosed area or surface. It can be easily identified because when a
line crosses itself or intersects with other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape. Shape is
the principal element of identification.
 CLASSIFICATION OF SHAPE
 GEOMETRIC SHAPE - Its origin came from mathematical perspective.
 ORGANIC OR BIOMORPHIC SHAPE - Oftentimes we see them in nature and
with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular. These shapes
derived from any living organisms.
 FORM - It is the overall design of an artwork. It describes the structure of shape and object
from the different perspective. The organization of the object or thing in the entire
composition is what makes form identifiable.
 SPACE -Space is the surface or the area within the artwork. It constitutes the area or
distance, between, around, above or within things.
 COLOR - Color can be considered as the most expressive of all the elements of art. Colors
can be easily recognize in any visual experience. The primary source of colors came from
light.
 PROPERTIES OF COLOR
 HUE - is the name of a color and the property which distinguishes one color from
another. The major hues are such as red, blue, or yellow.
 VALUE - the lightness or darkness of a hue (color). The value of a hue can be
changed by adding black or white.
 INTENSITY - the brightness or dullness of a hue (color). Pure hues are high-
intensity colors. Dull hues are low-intensity colors.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COLOR
 PRIMARY COLORS - are hues which can be mixed to create all other colors.
 SECONDARY COLORS - are the hues between the primary hues on the color
wheel. The secondary colors are a combination of equal amount of two primaries.
 INTERMEDIATE COLORS - These colors are created by mixing a secondary
color with a primary color like red-orange, red- violet, blue-violet, blue-green,
yellow-green, yellow-orange.
 TERTIARY COLORS - are created by mixing two complementary colors or
mixing two colors that are opposite from each other on the color wheel.
  WARM AND COOL COLORS - Color can be associated with warmth and
coldness in which the artist considered in any composition.Warm colors always
seem closer than cool colors and give an impression of advancing towards the
viewer, that is why it is called advancing colors while cool colors are called
receding or retreating colors.
 COLOR HARMONY - is the correct arrangement or combination of colors. It creates a
pleasing arrangement which is essential in any visual experience.
 COLOR SCHEME - a color scheme is the choice of colors. Color schemes are used to
create style and appeal.
 FORMULA IN CREATING STYLE AND APPEAL
 COMPLEMENTARY COLOR SCHEME - Colors that are opposite each
other on the color wheel are considered to be complementary color
 ANALOGOUS COLOR SCHEME - Analogous color schemes use colors
that are next to each other on the color wheel.
 TRIADIC COLOR SCHEME - A triadic color scheme uses colors that are
evenly spaced around the color wheel. A Triadic color schemes tend to be
quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of your hues.
 SPLIT-CONTEMPORARY COLOR SCHEME - is a variation of the
complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two
colors adjacent to its complement.
 RECTANGLE OR TETADRIC COLOR SCHEME -uses four colors
arranged into two complementary pairs. This rich color scheme offers plenty
of possibilities for variation.
 SQUARE COLOR SCHEME - The square color scheme is similar to the
rectangle, but with all four colors spaced evenly around the color circle.
Square color schemes work best if you let one color be dominant.
 PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
 Colors are known to have varied psychological and emotional connotation. Thus,
the meaning of color and its symbolism changes from one culture to other
 VALUE - Right next to color, value can suggest emotional and dramatic impression by
using lightness and darkness in composition.
 Value is referred to Chiaroscuro meaning lightness and darkness (from the Italian word
chiaro "clear" and oscuro "dark". Thus, light and shadow mean the same thing It is a
quality that depends on the amount of light and dark in color.
 If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a tint. black is added, the
darker version is called a shade. And if gray is added, the result is a different tone.
 TEXTURE - Texture is found in all visual arts. It is the elements that deals primarily with
the sense of touch or the tactile sensation or stimuli. It is how the surface in a ceratin
composition feels.
 KINDS OF TEXTURE
 ACTUAL TEXTURE - It refers to the real texture of an object. when it comes to
painting or two-dimensional art, actual texture are found and felt as the artist
incorporate other objects like scraps of cloth, bottle cups, leaves, papers and
others.
 IMPLIED OR STIMULATED TEXTURE - Simulated texture is the imitation of
real texture or real objects. It is obtained through visual effects with the aid of
other elements. Artist manipulate his medium to give an impression of texture and
visual effects

 PRINCIPLES OF ART - Principles of design is used to organize the elements of art in a

certain composition. Basically, it is the strategies in creating a good and beautiful design.
 EMPHASIS - emphasis or subordination is the focal point or the center of interest in an
artwork, it catches our attention so easily while the rest are subordinated.
 BALANCE - It has something to do with visual weight. An artist deliberately uses other
elements like value, color and texture to create visual weight and balance.
 KINDS OF BALANCE
  SYMMETRICAL BALANCE - When one side of the composition mirrors the other
 ASSYMETRICAL OR INFORMAL BALANCE - it is achieved when one side of the
composition does not reflect the design of the other but visually balanced. It can be
obtained by using large object on the other side and distribute the size of the bigger part
to form smaller sizes on the other side.
 RADICAL BALANCE - elements and objects had a central point. There is a circular
distribution of elements and objects in a composition
 HARMONY - Harmony is essential to beauty. It is achieved by using similar elements and
establishing pleasing relationship with other elements through a body of work.
 VARIETY - This principle creates an interest and appeal in a body of work. Using differences
and change may result to increasing visual interest.
 MOVEMENT - It adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers-
eye throughout the picture plane.
 RHYTHM - A regular repletion of elements can produce implied movement. Artists create
visual rhythm by repeating art elements and creating patterns.
 PROPORTIONS OR SCALE - The comparative relationship of one part to another with
regards to size. It is also the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work.
 UNITY - It can be accomplished by using all elements and some principles to create a pleasing
image.
 CONTRAST - Contrast can provide interest and excitement in an artwork or to any visual
experience. Two things that are very different create a lot of contrast (complementary colors, for
example)

 ARTISTIC CRITICISM - An art criticism is an evaluation of a work of art. It is

considered as formal analysis or work of art.It is a tool to fully understand an artwork that would
lead to a better art appreciation. One way of seeing how the elements and principle works is
through art analysis.
 STEPS
 DESCRIBE - Say something about the details of the artwork and the artist.
 ANALYZE - Mentally separate the parts or elements, thinking in terms of
textures, shape, colors, form, value or lights and shadows, lines and space. It is also an
important thing to consider the most significant art principles that were used in the
artwork.
 INTERPRETATION - An interpretation seeks to explain the meaning of the
work based on what you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the
artist was trying to say?
 JUDGEMENT - After careful observation, analysis, and interpretation of an
artwork, you are ready to make your own judgment. This is your personal evaluation
based on the understandings of the work(s).
 MODULE 2
 Traces of art history correlates on the entire history of humankind, historic to the twenty-first
century. Human history and the history of art began about 10,000 B.C. Visual representation was
essential to people of the prehistoric era. Other artistic endeavors of human had to shape tools
with form and function. The earliest evidence of tool making was two million years ago and
improved the Paleolithic period (40,000 to 8,000 B.C.)
 (Dissanayake, door Stone Age cave dwellers were artists who represents animals h which they
came into daily contact in their cave paintings.
 In the prehistoric period, ways of life and the quality life was greatly influenced by art. The arts
help explain meaning, truth, spirit, social values, religion, and other foundations of human culture
 PREHISTORIC ART
 EGYPTIAN ART
 GREEK AND ROMAN ART
 MEDIEVAL ART
 CHRISTIAN ART
 GOTHIC ART
 RENAISSANCE ART
 NEOCLASSICAL ART
 ROMANTICISM
 IMPRESSIONISM
 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
 REALISM
 20TH CENTURY

MODULE 3
 CONTEMPORARY ARTS
 Contemporary art refers to art produced by artists in the twenty-first
century that reflects current issues. While defining contemporary art can
be difficult, it can be thought of as current productions in various
mediums, such as painting, music, dance, theater, video, photography,
installation, and architecture. Many contemporary works are site-
specific, process-based, collaborative, and interactive. The exact starting
point of the genre is debated, but many art historians estimate it began in
the late 1960s, marking the end of modern art or modernism.
 OTHER CONTEMPORARY ARTS
 PERFORMANCE ART
 Performance art is a type of art where the artist uses their body to create
and perform art live. It is often used as a way for artists to reinvent
themselves and their work. Performance art has been present in anarchic
movements such as Futurism and Dadaism, and in avant-garde art
throughout the 20th century. The most significant onset of performance
art took place in the 1960s, where it was focused on the body and
referred to as Body art. Since then, the concerns of performance artists
have changed, and the genre has been mostly accepted in conventional
museums and galleries.
 INSTALLATION ART
  Installation art is a three-dimensional art form that aims to change the
perception of space. It can be permanent or temporary and can be
exhibited in various places such as public and private spaces, galleries,
and museums. The art incorporates natural and ordinary materials in a
critical manner to create evocative properties. Immersive virtual reality
and new media such as performance, sound, video, and the internet are
also utilized to obtain specific qualities of a three-dimensional immersive
medium. The term "Installation Art" was coined in 1969, and its roots
can be traced back to artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Marcel
Broodthaers. Broodthaers is regarded as the Father of Installation Art
and is known for his innovative use of unconventional materials.
 Marcel Duchamp AND Marcel Broodthaers
 CONCEPTUALISM
 In the genre of conceptual art, the idea behind a work of art takes
precedence. Conceptual artists argue that the concept(s) or Ideas)
involved in the work of art take precedence over traditional aesthetic,
technical, and material concerns. Same works of conceptual art,
sometimes called installations, may be constructed a technique was
fundamental to American artist Sol Lewitt's definition of of the genre
 Damien Hirst, Ai Wei Wei, and Jenny Holze
 NEO-POP ART
 During the mid-to-late 1950's, there was an art movement which
emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States and it was called
Pop Art. With the inclusion of imagery from popular and mass culture,
such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects, it posed
a challenge to traditions of fine art. Contemporary art began in the
offshoot of pop art as a reaction to modernism.
 Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein
 PHOTOREALISM
 Another art genre was introduced by a group of artists who called
themselves as Photorealists. Their art is characterized by reproducing a
photograph or an image realistically in another medium, may it be
drawing, painting or sculpture. They had an ultimate goal to create hyper
realistic drawings and paintings and sculptures. With the aid of
photographs, they were able to accurately reproduce images like
portraits, landscapes, seascapes and other icons.
 Chuck Close and Gerhard Richter
 STREET ART
 Visual art created in public locations is Street art. It is a form of artwork
that is displayed in a community on its surrounding buildings, streets,
trains, and other publicly viewed surfaces. Art in this genre are usually
unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art
vehicles. Other terms for this type of art clyde "independent public art",
"post-graffiti", and "neon-graffiti", d is closely related with guerrilla art
which is composed to make a public statement about the society that the
artist lives within.
 Banksy, Shepard Fairey and Invader