HISTOGRAM

Suppose you have a dataset as

shown below. It has the marks (out of
100) of 40 students in a subject.

3. In the Charts group, click on the

‘Insert Static Chart’ option.

4. In the HIstogram group, click

on the Histogram chart icon.

Here are the steps to create a

Histogram chart in Excel 2016:

1. Select the entire dataset. The above steps would insert a

2. Click the Insert tab histogram chart based on your
data set (as shown below)
Now you can customize this
chart by right-clicking on the
vertical axis and selecting
Format Axis.
Here are some of the things you can
do to customize this histogram chart:

1. By Category: This option

is used when you have
text categories. This
could be useful when
you have repetitions in
categories and you
want to know the sum or
count of the categories.
For example, if you have
This will open a pane on the sales data for items such
right with all the relevant axis as Printer, Laptop,
options. Mouse, and Scanner,
and you want to know
the total sales of each of
these items, you can use
the By Category option.
It isn’t helpful in our
example as all our
categories are different
 (Student 1, Student 2, bins. For example, if I
Student3, and so on.) specify 7 here, it will
2. Automatic: This option create a chart as shown
automatically decides below. At a given point,
what bins to create in you can either specify
the Histogram. For Bin Width or Number of
example, in our chart, it Bins (not both).
decided that there
should be four bins. You
can change this by using
the ‘Bin Width/Number
of Bins’ options (covered
below).
5. Overflow Bin: Use this bin
if you want all the values
above a certain value
clubbed together in the
Histogram chart. For
example, if I want to
3. Bin Width: Here you can
know the number of
define how big the bin
students that have
should be. If I enter 20
scored more than 75, I
here, it will create bins
can enter 75 as the
such as 36-56, 56-76,
Overflow Bin value. It will
76-96, 96-116.
show me something as
shown below.

4. Number of Bins: Here you

can specify how many 6. Underflow Bin: Similar to
bins you want. It will Overflow Bin, if I want to
automatically create a know the number of
chart with that many students that have
 scored less than 40, I can
enter 4o as the value
and show a chart as
shown below.

Step 1: Determine Classes In Dataset

In this step, we will determine the

distinct classes(categories) in our
dataset. For this, we are required for
the Lower Limit and the Upper Limit
for each class and we will arrange
them in separate columns. For
example, for Class 1-3 Days, the
lower limit is 1 and the upper limit is 3.

FREQUENCY POLYGON

Steps to Make a Frequency Polygon

in Excel Step 2: Determine Frequencies
In this example, we will create a
In this step, we will determine the
frequency polygon for random
frequency for each distinct class. In
datasets for the number of visitors
order to determine the frequency
visiting and the number of days
we will need the mid-point.
passed since the article was
published. For this, we will be using Mid Point = (Lower Limit + Upper
the following random dataset. Limit) / 2
For example, Mid Point (Class 1-3
Days) = (1 + 3)/2 = 2. Similarly, we will
need to do this for all the distinct
classes. Once we will get the
midpoint for each class we add it to
a new column in our dataset.

Step 4: Output

Once we click on Scatters with

Smooth Lines and Markers excel will
automatically insert a frequency
polygon chart for our dataset.

Note: In order to get enclose curve

we need to add 0 in the dataset as
default value for 0 days and for days
greater than 11.(lower lime and
upper limit should show similar
distribution as other classes) This will
start the graph from origin and end
at x-axis to form a close polygon.

Step 3: Insert Frequency Polygon

Chart

In this step, we will insert the

frequency poly chart for our dataset.
For this Select Mid Point + Num Of
Visitors(frequency) Column > Insert >
Charts > Insert Scatter > Scatters with
Smooth Lines and Markers.
How to Make Cumulative Next, our goal is to determine the
Percentage Polygon in Excel: midpoint to generate a cumulative
Step-by-Step Procedures percentage polygon in Excel.
However, before inserting the chart
Step 1: Arranging Dataset we’ll use Excel’s SUM function to
obtain the Midpoint values. MS Excel
provides a most useful function
We need a dataset to create a
called SUM for summation purposes.
cumulative percentage polygon in
Formula with this function
Excel. Considering the Participants of
automatically updates with the
the Psychology Test dataset shown in
addition or deletion of a value. It
the (B4:D4) cells. Here, the dataset
also combines the changes made to
divides the Age into Lower(shown in
a current cell range. This step will
Column B) and Upper Limits(shown in
share the complete idea of how the
Column C) and represents the
SUM function works in Excel
Number of People(shown in Column
autonomously and then use it to
D) in each of the age groups. Now,
generate a cumulative percentage
we want to insert a percentage
polygon in Excel. The process of this
polygon showing the age distribution
step is.
of the participants, so let’s observe
each method in detail in the
following section. ● First, in the D6 cell insert the
following formula.

=SUM(B6:C6)/2

Step 2: Determining Midpoint

● Second, after pressing the Step 3: Finding Cumulative
Enter button, you will get the Percentage
result for the cell and then
use the Fill Handle to apply We will try to find the cumulative
the formula to all the desired percentage now. The total number
cells. of the percentage values that
remain across a set of responses to
show the overall percentage is
called the cumulative percentage.
We can find the cumulative
percentage by following the below
steps.

● To begin with, we have to

take zero in the very first
value of the cumulative
section(in cell F6). Then, in
the F7 cell insert the
following formula.
● Last, you will get the desired
result.
=F6+E7

● In addition, after pressing the

Enter button, you will get the
result for the cell and then
use the Fill Handle to apply
 the formula to all the desired ● Moreover, you will get the
cells. desired result.

● Furthermore, you will get the

desired result. ● Then, select the whole
column and go to the Home
tab, and in the Number
Format section select the
Percentage option.

● Afterward, in the D15 cell

insert the following formula.

=SUM(E6:E13)

● Next, in the G6 cell insert the

following formula.

=F6/$D$15
 Step 4: Creating Cumulative
Percentage Polygon

In this case, our goal is to create a

cumulative percentage polygon in
Excel. It represents the data in terms
of percentages and helps determine
the appearance of the distribution.
We can do this by following the
Now, after pressing the Enter button,
below steps.
you will get the result for the cell and
then use the Fill Handle to apply the
formula to all the desired cells. ● Firstly, select the desired
column > Insert > 2-D Line
options.

● Finally, you will get the

desired result.

● Secondly, you will get the

desired result.
 ● Furthermore, right-click on
the chart and select the
Select Data option.

Step 5: Labeling Axes of the Polygon

In this case, we want to label the

chart properly to present the data
without confusion. The steps of this
process are.

● To begin with, go to Chart

Elements > Axis Titles > Data
Labels options to mark the
chart properly.

● Next, you will get the desired

result.
 ● Moreover, the Axis Labels
dialog box will come on the
screen after selecting Edit
Choose the desired column
in the Axis Label Range
section and press OK.

● Lastly, you will get the

● However, the Select Data desired result.
dialog box will come on the
screen. In the Edit section,
make the desired changes.
BAR GRAPH

To insert a bar chart in Microsoft

Excel, open your Excel workbook
and select your data. You can do
this manually using your mouse, or
you can select a cell in your range
and press Ctrl+A to select the data
automatically.
Excel will automatically take the
data from your data set to create
the chart on the same worksheet,
using your column labels to set axis
and chart titles. You can move or
resize the chart to another position
on the same worksheet, or cut or
copy the chart to another worksheet
or workbook file.

Once your data is selected, click For our example, the sales data has
Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart. been converted into a bar chart
showing a comparison of the
Various column charts are available, number of sales for each electronic
but to insert a standard bar chart, product.
click the "Clustered Chart" option.
This chart is the first icon listed under
the "2-D Column" section.
For this set of data, mice were To change the title text for a bar
bought the least with 9 sales, while chart, double-click the title text box
headphones were bought the most above the chart itself. You'll then be
with 55 sales. This comparison is able to edit or format the text as
visually obvious from the chart as required.
presented.

Formatting Bar Charts in Microsoft

Excel
By default, a bar chart in Excel is
created using a set style, with a title
for the chart extrapolated from one
of the column labels (if available).

You can make many formatting

changes to your chart, should you
If you want to remove the chart title
wish to. You can change the color
completely, select your chart and
and style of your chart, change the
click the "Chart Elements" icon on
chart title, as well as add or edit axis
the right, shown visually as a green,
labels on both sides.
“+” symbol.

It's also possible to add trendlines to

From here, click the checkbox next
your Excel chart, allowing you to see
to the "Chart Title" option to deselect
greater patterns (trends) in your
it.
data. This would be especially
important for sales data, where a
trendline could visualize decreasing
or increasing number of sales over
time.

How To Work With Trendlines In

Microsoft Excel Charts

Changing Chart Title Text

Your chart title will be removed once
the checkbox has been removed.

Adding and Editing Axis Labels

To add axis labels to your bar chart,
select your chart and click the green
"Chart Elements" icon (the “+” icon).

From the "Chart Elements" menu,

enable the "Axis Titles" checkbox. if you want to remove the labels,
follow the same steps to remove the
checkbox from the "Chart Elements"
menu by pressing the green, "+”
icon. Removing the checkbox next
to the "Axis Titles" option will
immediately remove the labels from
view.

You can make further formatting

Axis labels should appear for both
changes to your bar chart by
the x axis (at the bottom) and the y
right-clicking the chart and selecting
axis (on the left). These will appear as
the "Format Chart Area" option.
text boxes.

To edit the labels, double-click the

text boxes next to each axis. Edit the
text in each text box accordingly,
then select outside of the text box
once you've finished making
changes.
 There are five key pieces of
information that go into creating this
type of plot:

● Minimum
● First quartile
● Median
● Third quartile
● Maximum

Minimum

The minimum of a box and whisker

plot is located on the far left whisker
and is the first point on the chart
when read left to right. This number
The parts of a box and whisker plot represents the smallest value in the
dataset.
A box and whisker plot is named for
its unique shape that helps analysts First quartile
discover data. It is made up of a
rectangle (box) with two lines The first quartile of a box and whisker
(whiskers) attached at each end. It plot is located at the leftmost end of
can be arranged either upright or the rectangle, where the minimum
lengthwise without distorting the whisker attaches to the box. This
data. For the sake of simplicity, we number represents the location of
will use a lengthwise box and whisker the 25th percentile in a dataset or
plot for our examples. the number that 25% of data falls
below.
Let’s talk about the key elements of
a box and whisker plot. The box and Median
whiskers both hold crucial
The median of a box and whisker
information about the data it
plot is demarcated by a line drawn
displays. These elements are easy to
inside the box. This number
read if you understand what you are
represents the center of the
looking at.
numerical data.

Third quartile
The third quartile of a box and on the note where they are located.
whisker plot is located at the Unfilled circles are for suspected
rightmost end of the box, where the outliers, and filled circles represent
maximum whisker is attached. The known outliers.
number represents the location of
the 75th percentile in a dataset or 3. How to make a box and whisker
the number that marks the plot in Excel
beginning of the top 25% of the
Creating a box and whisker plot in
information.
Excel is a great way to organize data
Maximum and make visualizing the distribution
of information easy. Plus, it’s not as
The maximum of a box and whisker difficult as you might think. We’ll
plot represents the largest number in show you two different ways to
the collection of data and is located create a box and whisker plot in
at the rightmost end of the whisker Excel so that you can better analyze
on the right of the box. business data and make better
decisions.
However, as you might already
know, not all data falls neatly into a Here are step-by-step instructions for
clean set of data. Now and again, creating a box and whisker plot in
datasets will also contain outliers or Excel with any dataset:
numbers falling way outside the
range displayed on the box and Making a box and whisker plot in
whisker plot. Outliers don’t seem to Excel: The long way
follow the pattern of the rest of the
Step 1
data and can be considered an
anomaly. Anomalies are sometimes First, you’ll need a data set. Enter all
flukes in the data and can your numerical data into a column in
sometimes be attributed to errors. your Excel worksheet, i.e., cells A1
However, outliers are still an through A10.
important part of the dataset.
Step 2
If a data set has outliers, the box and
whiskers will represent 1.5 times the In the next column, select an empty
interquartile range instead of the cell and type MIN, Q1, MED, Q3, and
minimum or maximum. Outliers are MAX. Then in the column next to it,
typically indicated by a small circle
insert the Excel formula for each right-click to find and click Format
value. For example: Data Series.

=MIN(A1:A10) Step 6

=QUARTILE(A1:A10,1) To complete the box, click Fill, select

No Fill, then Close. Your box has
=MED(A1:A17) been created!

=QUARTILE(A1:A10,3) Step 7

=MAX(A1:A10) Now it’s time to add the whiskers on

each side of the box. Start with the
The values for each corresponding
left side using this path:
formula will appear in each cell.
Click the leftmost red box > Layout
Step 3
tab > Error Bars > More Error Bar
Options > Error bars with Standard
In the next column, retype the MIN
Error.
value in the cell next to the
calculated MIN value. Below it,
Back to the Layout tab > Error Bars >
subtract the MIN from each value in
More Error Bar Options > Mins > then
the calculated Q1, MED, Q3, and
type the difference between the
MAX columns.
values for Q1 and MIN into the Fixed
Value field. Then click close. Remove
Step 4
the red by following Step 6.
Now highlight the new column
Step 8
made up of the differences
between the MIN and calculated
Then move on to the right side using
values you created in Step 3. Click
this path:
Insert, then Bar, then Stacked Bar. A
graph appears! Click on the leftmost purple box > >
Layout tab > Error Bars > More Error
Step 5
Bar Options > Error bars with
Standard Error.
Click on the newly generated graph
and select Switch Row/Column from
Back to the Layout tab > Error Bars >
the editing menu. Now select the
More Error Bar Options > Plus > then
leftmost box in the graph and
type the difference between the
values for Q3 and MAX in the Fixed
Value field. Then click Close.
Remove any unwanted fill colors by
following Step 6.

Making a box and whisker plot in

Excel: The shortcut Now, you should have something
that looks something like this:
Fortunately, Microsoft 365 offers an
easier way to create box and
whisker plots:

Step 1

Select your dataset from an Excel

worksheet.
If you would like to change the
layout or how the data is displayed,
click on Format in the Chart tab and
make your adjustments as needed.

Although this example only displays

a set of data in a simple box and
whisker plot, you can use box and
whisker plots to organize multiple sets
of data at once.

Step 2
In any typical situation, you probably
Go to the Insert tab and navigate to have more than just one row of data
Recommended Charts. Click the to track. Let’s take a look at charting
dropdown and select Box and multiple data sets in excel using a
Whisker. box and whisker plot:

Step 3
First, be sure that your data is
organized into columns. Then select
the set of data you want to use to
create a box and whisker plot:

Again, use the Format and other

design tools to customize your chart
with a title, Axis Titles, colors, and
more.

Who knew that such a powerful

chart could come from one of the
most common desktop tools.
Microsoft Excel is a great platform for
creating Box and Whisker charts
without any drama.

Step 4
PIE CHART
Just like we did in Step 2, go to the
Insert tab and navigate to
Pie charts are used to display the
Recommended Charts. Click the
contribution of each value (slice) to
dropdown and select Box and
a total (pie). Pie charts always use
Whisker.
one data series.

To create a pie chart of the 2017

data series, execute the following
steps.

1. Select the range A1:D2.

Step 5

Now, you have an easy to read box

and whisker plot to help you
organize and analyze your data!
2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts
group, click the Pie symbol.

3. Click Pie.
Note: only if you have numeric
labels, empty cell A1 before you
create the pie chart. By doing this,
Excel does not recognize the
numbers in column A as a data
series and automatically creates the
correct chart. After creating the
chart, you can enter the text Year
into cell A1 if you like.

Let's create one more cool pie chart.

5. Select the range A1:D1, hold

down CTRL and select the range
Result: A3:D3.

6. Create the pie chart (repeat steps

4. Click on the pie to select the 2-3).
whole pie. Click on a slice to drag it
7. Click the legend at the bottom
away from the center.
and press Delete.
Result:
8. Select the pie chart.
9. Click the + button on the right side
of the chart and click the check box
next to Data Labels.

11. Right click the pie chart and click

10. Click the paintbrush icon on the Format Data Labels.
right side of the chart and change 12. Check Category Name, uncheck
the color scheme of the pie chart. Value, check Percentage and click
Center.

Result:
 Note: right click the data labels and
click Font to change the font size
and font color of the data labels.

Result: