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MODULE 1 - Historical Development of The Concepts of Life

This document discusses the evolving concept of life on Earth. It provides a timeline of major life forms from 4.6 billion years ago to present day, including the earliest prokaryotes 3.5 billion years ago and the emergence of eukaryotes around 2 billion years ago. The document also examines early theories on the origin of life and provides fossil evidence that life began on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.

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2K views50 pages

MODULE 1 - Historical Development of The Concepts of Life

This document discusses the evolving concept of life on Earth. It provides a timeline of major life forms from 4.6 billion years ago to present day, including the earliest prokaryotes 3.5 billion years ago and the emergence of eukaryotes around 2 billion years ago. The document also examines early theories on the origin of life and provides fossil evidence that life began on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.

Uploaded by

habulinngbakla6969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Historical Development
of the Concepts of Life

QUARTER 2 – LESSON 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging


pieces of evidence (S11/12LT-IIa-1)

o Identify the sequence of events of the history of life on


earth.
o Name the pieces of evidence on the evolution of life on
earth.
o Recognize the importance of knowing the history of life
on earth.
Introduction to
Life Science

Life science is a collection of


disciplines that is made up of
theories and principles that
tackles the structure and
function of living things starting
from the molecular level up to
entire ecosystems.
Branches of
Biology

Zoology
Branches of
Biology

Botany
Branches of
Biology

Microbiology
WHAT IS LIFE?
Characteristics of Life
• They are made up of cells.
• They grow and develop.
• They are capable of reproduction.
• They exhibit metabolism.
• They respond to their environment.
• They maintain homeostasis.
Types of Organisms (based on cell structure)
Unicellular Unicellular or Ex.
Ex. Bacteria Multicellular Animals,
and Archaea Plants,
Fungi, and
Protists

- organisms that lack a distinct - organisms that possess a


nucleus and other organelles clearly defined nucleus and
due to the absence of internal contain organelles
membranes
Have you been curious of when and
where did life possibly start on Earth?
Have you been curious of when and
where did life possibly start on Earth?
During the 1800s geologists and the naturalists found
several forms of physical evidence that confirmed that
Earth is very old.
Evidence: fossils of ancient sea life on
dry land far from oceans
This supported the idea that the Earth changed over time
and some dry land today was once covered by oceans.

Fossil of
ancient fish
Trilobite fossil
Evidence: the many layers of rock
allowed the people
to realize that rock
layers represent the
order in which
rocks and fossils
appeared, thus they
were able to trace
the history of Earth
and life on Earth.
Evidence: the indications that volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes and erosion
that happened long ago shaped much of the Earth’s
surface and supported the idea of an older Earth.
Theories on the Origin of Life
Theory of Special Creation
• The concept of divine
creation is that all life
forms existing today
on Earth have been
created by a supreme
being.
• The greatest
supporter of this
theory was Father
Suarez.
Theory of Abiogenesis
(Spontaneous Generation)
• This theory that states that living things were created
from non-living things like simple organic compounds.
• It was proposed by Von Helmont (1577-1644)
• Supporters: Aristotle, Anaximander, Plato, etc.

Life can arise from non-living matter.


Theory of Abiogenesis
(Spontaneous Generation)
• Von Helmont proposed that both sexes of mice will be
developed when human sweat and wheat are kept
together for 21 days.
Theory of Abiogenesis
(Spontaneous Generation)
• Frogs from mud • Fly maggots from meat
Theory of Biogenesis
• This theory states that living things came from living
things or animate objects.
• The idea of spontaneous generation came to an end
with the experiment of Francisco Redi (1668). He
founded the theory of biogenesis.

Life arises from pre-existing life only.


Theory of Biogenesis
Redi’s Experiment
Theory of Biogenesis
• But according to biogenesis, life originated from pre-
existing life which does not explain the origin of life.
• So, biogenesis is also disapproved.
Theory of Panspermia or Cosmozoic
Theory or Spore broth Theory
• It was proposed by Richter (1865 A.D.) and was supported by
Arrhenius (1908 A.D.)
• It states that life came on the earth from some other planet in
the form of seed or spore.
• According to this theory, ‘protoplasm’ reached the earth in the
form of spores or germs or other simple particles from some
unknown part of the universe with the cosmic dust, and
subsequently evolved into various forms of life.
Theory of Panspermia or Cosmozoic
Theory or Spore broth Theory
• Evidence against Panspermia:

Living matter cannot survive


the extreme cold, dryness and
ultra-violet radiation from the
sun required to be crossed for
reaching the earth.
Some other Theories..
• Theory of Eternity of Life:
• Life only changes its form but is never created. It has no
origin and has always existed.

• Theory of Catastrophism
• Modification of the theory of special creation
• States that there have been several living creations from
God, each encountered a catastrophe, which completely
destroyed them. Each new creation consisted of new life
forms that are different from the previous one.
Activity 1: My Life in Timeline
Directions: Picture out a history of your life. Create a timeline that
will reflect the events happened to you in the past.

Guide Questions
1. What is a timeline?
2. Why is timeline significant?
The Evolving Concept of Life
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑4.6 – 3.8 BYA
The early earth is said to be
violent because of the meteorites
and volcanic eruptions. With this
condition, zircon crystal was
formed.
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑3.5 BYA
Life on Earth initially began
with prokaryotes, discovered
in sedimentary rock
formations called
stromatolites.
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑3.0 BYA
The first photosynthetic
organism thrived the earth
which is blue green algae
called cyanobacteria.
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑2.0 BYA
Appearance of the first eukaryotes
and the influx of multicellular
organisms occurred 1.2 billion
years ago.
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑500 MYA
The Paleozoic era when
the trilobites and
cephalopods became
dominant in the ocean
particularly during the
Cambrian and Ordovician
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑251 – 65.5 MYA
The Mesozoic era-the age
of reptiles that has a span
of 251 to 65.5 MYA divided
into Triassic, Jurassic and
Cretaceous period
Timeline of Appearance of Life Forms
❑250 TYA
The Cenozoic era- recent
life and based on
paleontological evidence.
Homo erectus have
evolved.
Origin of Life
The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old.
Life on our planet probably began only between 3.5 and
4.0 billion years old.
Origin of Life
Evidences from fossil records show the emergence of the
different life forms.
Origin of Life

•Fossils
•One of the strongest pieces of evidence
that show many life forms existed in Earth
in the past 3.5 billion years.
Bone Fossil
Shell Fossil
Plant Fossil
Origin of Life
The common ancestor of all life was prokaryotic.
challenges encountered:
• Cells are microscopic and most
have no parts to fossilize.
• The tectonic plate movements have
destroyed nearly all rocks older and
most of the younger rocks have
been heated or undergone
processes that destroy the traces of
biological material.
Origin of Life
At present, the oldest cell microfossils (microscopic
fossils) are filaments from 3.5-billion-year-old rocks in
Western Australia. The filaments resemble chains of
modern photosynthetic bacteria and the rocks in which
they occur are the remains of ancient stromatolites.
Origin of Life
Oldest fossils ever found show
life on Earth began before 3.5
billion years ago

An example of one of the


microfossils discovered in a
sample of rock recovered
from the Apex Chert.
Origin of Life
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
The first eukaryotes were protists.
Origin of Life
The evolution of life is
brought about the changes
in the environment which
are linked to changes in
climate and geology.
Earth’s history is marked by a series of
transformations, mass extinctions and
geologic changes that have taken place
over the course of 4.6 billion years.
Life forms exist in different
environmental conditions
• There are organisms in soil, air, and even in
freezing waters or deep-sea thermal vents.
• This diversity of life constitutes many and varied
lineages of organisms.
• Some lineages have gone extinct due to
geological events brought by tsunamis, volcanic
eruptions, extreme fluctuations in temperature
and rising water levels.

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