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Chapter 7

The menus

171

1. Introduction
Android supports 3 types of menu
• Option menu
• Context menu
• Popup menu

An option menu opens

• when the Menu key is pressed
A context menu opens
• when we press a Widget for a long time
A popup menu opens
• when we press a Widget

Menus can be made

• by Java programming only
• or by declaration in an XML file and Java (preferred method) 172

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1. Introduction
The menus are declared
• in an XML file located in res/menu
Create a file for each type of menu
Example: option.xml or context.xml

The XML file is as follows:

• the root menu contains the tag
– item for a menu item
• the item tag contains menu (for a submenu)
– 2 levels maximum

173

1. Introduction
The main attributes of the tag item
• title: the item's title
• icon: a reference to a drawable to use as the item's icon
• orderInCategory: re-order the menu items
– by default, the order in the XML file
– to change the order, define its value (begin by 0)
• enable: to enable or disable items
– by default the item is enable
– inactive items appear in the menu but can’t be selected
• visible: to show or hide the items

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1. Introduction
Example of a menu declaration: res/menu/option.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:id="@+id/add"
android:title="Add" />
<item android:id="@+id/reset"
android:title="Reset">
<menu>
<item android:id="@+id/item1"
android:title="Item 1"/>
<item android:id="@+id/item2"
android:title="Item 2"/>
</menu>
</item>
</menu>

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1. Introduction
Example of a menu declaration: res/menu/context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:id="@+id/rename"
android:title=“Rename" />
<item android:id="@+id/remove"
android:title="Remove" />
</menu>

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1. Introduction
In Java:

Add the imports

• import android.view.Menu;
• import android.view.MenuInflater;
• import android.view.MenuItem;
• import android.view.ContextMenu;

177

1. Introduction
It is necessary to transform the XML file in the instance of Menu
• use the method getMenuInflater
Menu menu = new Menu();
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);

menu: the name of the file that is in the menu directory

Example: R.menu.option (res/menu/option.xml)
ou R.menu.context (res/menu/context.xml)

MenuInflater provides
– the menu items of the resource (ex: R.menu.option)
– to the object Menu or ContextMenu passed as a parameter
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1.1- Option menu

The option menu is created by
• the method onCreateOptionsMenu

This method must

• contain the instance of Menu
• return true to allow the display of the menu

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.option, menu);
return true;
}

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1.1- Option menu

To know which item was selected, we use
• onOptionsItemSelected with the parameter MenuItem item

We can use
• the switch() function with the identifier of menu item.getItemId()
• to execute an action on the selected item

This method
• Returns true if the action is done, false otherwise

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1.1- Option menu

N.B: onOptionsItemSelected contains all options of the basic menu
and of the submenu
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.add:
// do something
return(true);

case R.id.reset:
// do something
return(true);

case R.id.item1:
// do something
return(true);

case R.id.item2:
// do something
return(true);
}

return(super.onOptionsItemSelected(item));
}
181

1.2- Context menu

To link the context menu to a widget or to a list
• we must call the method registerForContextMenu after
setContentView

This method has a parameter

• a widget (an object View)
• or a list (ListView, GridView)

If the class is extends Activity:

• we must define the widget by findViewByID or by an AdapterList
If the class is extends ListActivity:
• simply use the method getListView()
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1.2- Context menu

Example:
public class MenuContextuelActivity extends Activity {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
View v = findViewById(R.id.layout);
registerForContextMenu(v);
}
}

or
public class MenuContextuelActivity extends ListActivity {
private static final String[] items={“item1”, “item2”, … }
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
….
registerForContextMenu(getListView());
}
} 183

1.2- Context menu

The Context menu is created by
• the method onCreateContextMenu

This method has the following parameters:

• the ContextMenu menu
• View v: The View for which the context menu is being built
• the object ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo extra
information about the item for which the context menu should
be shown
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,
ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
new MenuInflater(this).inflate(R.menu.context, menu);}

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1.2- Context menu

We can link the Context menu to several different widgets
public class MenuContextuelActivity extends Activity {

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
textView1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text1);
textView2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text2);
registerForContextMenu(textView1 );
registerForContextMenu(textView2 );
}

public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,

ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {

new MenuInflater(this).inflate(R.menu.context, menu);

}

} 185

1.2- Context menu

We can link several widgets to the different Context menu
public class MenuContextuelActivity extends Activity {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
textView1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text1);
textView2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text2);
registerForContextMenu(textView1 );
registerForContextMenu(textView2 );
}

public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,

ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
if(v.equals(textView1)==true) {
new MenuInflater(this).inflate(R.menu.context1, menu);}
if(v.equals(textView2)==true) {
new MenuInflater(this).inflate(R.menu.context2, menu);}
}
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Chapter 8

Activities - Intent

187

1. Introduction
An application = set of activities
An activity = a screen

When an application is launched, it is placed at the top

• of what is called the stack of activities  summit
A stack is a "LIFO" data structure
• it is possible to have access to only one element of the stack

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1. Introduction
Example:
When a call arrives
• it is placed at the top of the stack
• and it is it that is displayed in place of the application, which
becomes in second place

The activity will return at the end of the call

Principle
• we can only have one visible application on the terminal
• and what is visible is the graphical interface of the activity that
is at the top of the stack
189

1. Introduction
Android has a particular system:
• Anytime an application can leave place for another application
– that has a higher priority
• If an application uses too much system resources, then it will
prevent the system from working properly
– Android will stop it without warning
• An activity will exist in several states during his life
– for example an active state when used
– and a pause state when we receive a call

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1. Introduction
In the AndroidManifest.xml file
• The activity is declared by the Activity element child of the application
element

Activity contains the following attributes:

• name: specify the class of the activity
• label: name of the activity, if not specified the label of the application is used
• icon: icon of the activity, if not specified the icon of the application is used
• etc.

<activity
android:name=".HelloActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
</activity>

191

1. Introduction
Example of AndroidManifest.xml file

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="org.antislashn.android.activity"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" > activity called first
<activity
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:name=".AppelactivityActivity" >
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity> activity can only be called by an explicit
<activity Intent
android:label="explicit"
android:name=".ExplicitActivity" >
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

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1. Introduction
An application contains several independent activities
One of these activities is launched automatically
• when the user launches the application  Launcher

Other activities should be accessible

 navigate between them

There is a mechanism that allows

• to execute these actions
• and send messages
– between applications
– or inside the same application
193
This mechanism of exchange is called intent

1. Introduction
An intent is a message sent to Android
• To tell him « I want you to do … something »

This « something » depends on the situation

• sometimes we know what it is (open one of the activities)
 the explicit intents
• but at other times we don’t know
 the implicit intents

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2. Explicit Intents
The explicit intents are used in the same application

In the explicit intents

• the component to be activated is designated by its name

Example:
• in the folder src, create a 2nd activity "Child1.java"
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Child1 extends Activity {

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
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}

2. Explicit Intents
This activity must be declared in the AndroidManifest.xml file

<manifest package="com.commonsware.android.intenttab"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<application android:icon="@drawable/cw"
android:label="@string/app_name">

<activity android:label="@string/app_name"
android:name=".Principale">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

<activity android:name=".Child1" />

</application>
</manifest>

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2. Explicit Intents
To call the activity "Child1" from the activity "Principale"
• we will create an instance of an object of type "Intent"
new Intent (this, Child1.class);

This instruction indicates that you want to launch Child1

Its parameters are:

• the place where the intent is created (the current instance, ie "this")
• The destination of the "intent" object, the activity "Child1.class"

As the intent is a kind of messenger, to which we give

• the sender's address ("this")
• and the recipient’s address ("Child1.class")

We need a method to "send" the messenger to its destination 197

2. Explicit Intents
2 choices are possible:

1. The method startActivity() with parameter the intent

• Android searches for the corresponding activity and passes the intent on
it to process it
• The activity "parent" isn’t notified of the end of the activity "child"

2. The method startActivityForResult() with parameters the intent and an

identifier (unique for the calling activity)
• Android searches for the corresponding activity and passes the intent
• Activity is notified of the end of the activity "child" by the method
OnActivityResult()

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2.1- startActivity()
In the Principale.java file
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent; //Package to indicate
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class Principale extends Activity {
Button bouton_1;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
bouton_1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton);
bouton_1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick (View view){
Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this, Child1.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
} 199

2.1- startActivity()
Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this, Child1.class);
creates an object "intent" of type "Intent"
• The 1st parameter corresponds to the current instance of the
"Principale" activity from where the "Principale.this"
• The 2nd parameter corresponds to the target of "intent" ie the
activity "Child1.class"

startActivity(intent);
sends the intent to its recipient with
• the single parameter the instance "intent“

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2.1- startActivity()
In the Child1.java file

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Child1 extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main1);
}

main1: is the interface of the activity Child1

201

2.2- startActivityForResult()
To start the "Child1" activity from the "Principale" activity
• with notification of the end of the execution of "Child1"

We must use
• the method "startActivityForResult" instead of "StartActivity"

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2.2- startActivityForResult()
The method "startActivityForResult" contians 2 parameters:
• intent and identifier

This identifier called "requestCode" is a number

• sent by the activity "parent" to the activity "child1"

The activity "child1", after its execution

• returns the previously received "requestCode“
• towards the activity "parent"

The "requestCode" will have made

• a round trip

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2.2- startActivityForResult()
This method is used to identify the activity "child1" that has just ended

By imagining, for example, that there are several activities "child",

• how to identify the activity "child" that just ended?
 thanks to its "requestCode"

When the activity "child1" ends, it returns

• a "requestCode "
• a "resultCode"

This "resultCode" can take one of two values:

• "RESULT_OK" if the activity "child1" goes to the end of its execution
• "RESULT_CANCELED" if the activity "child1" has been interrupted
– by the button "Cancel"
– or by the return Key of the mobile 204

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2.2- startActivityForResult()
In the activity "child1", it is the method "setResult“
• which has as parameter the value of "resultCode“
• and which returns to the activity "parent" this value

On the "parent" side, this is the method

• "onActivityResult" which allows to process the "requestCode" and the
"resultCode"

This method has 3 parameters:

• the "requestCode"
• the "resultCode"
• an object of type "Intent" which will be responsible for "transporting"
additional information

205

2.2- startActivityForResult()
Example: we have 3 interfaces
• An interface main.xml for the activity Principale
• An interface main1.xml for the activity Child1
• An interface main2.xml for the activity Child2

main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<Button
android:text="Call activity Child1"
android:id="@+id/bouton1"
/>
<Button
android:text="Call activity Child2"
android:id="@+id/bouton2"
/>
</LinearLayout> 206

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2.2- startActivityForResult()
main1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<TextView
android:text="Welcome to the activity Child1"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/boutonOK1"
android:text="OK"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/boutonCANCEL1"
android:text="CANCEL"
/>

</LinearLayout>
207

2.2- startActivityForResult()
main2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<TextView
android:text="Welcome to the activity Child2"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/boutonOK2"
android:text="OK"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/boutonCANCEL2"
android:text="CANCEL"
/>

</LinearLayout>
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2.2- startActivityForResult()
Principale.java
public class Principale extends Activity { Button bouton_1; Button bouton_2;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
bouton_1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton1);
bouton_2=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton2);

bouton_1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick (View view){
Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this, Child1.class);
startActivityForResult(intent,1); } });
bouton_2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick (View view){
Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this,Child2.class);
startActivityForResult(intent,2);

} });} 209

2.2- startActivityForResult()
Principale.java
public void onActivityResult (int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
switch (requestCode){
case (1):
switch (resultCode){
case RESULT_OK:
Toast.makeText(this,"Child1 OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
case RESULT_CANCELED:
Toast.makeText(this,"Child1 Canceled", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return; }
case (2):
switch (resultCode){
case RESULT_OK:
Toast.makeText(this," Child2 OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
case RESULT_CANCELED:
Toast.makeText(this,"Child2 Canceled", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return; }
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} } }

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2.2- startActivityForResult()
Child1.java
public class Child1 extends Activity { Button B_OK; Button B_CA;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main1);
B_OK=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonOK1);
B_CA=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonCANCEL1);

B_OK.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {

public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_OK);
finish(); } });
B_CA.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);
finish(); } });

} } 211

2.2- startActivityForResult()
Child2.java
public class Child2 extends Activity { Button B_OK; Button B_CA;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main2);
B_OK=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonOK2);
B_CA=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonCANCEL2);

B_OK.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {

public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_OK);
finish(); } });
B_CA.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);
finish(); } });

}} 212

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2.2- startActivityForResult()
We have 2 buttons:
• one button "Call Activity Child1"
• and one button "Call Activity Child2"

If we click on the 1st button

• we create an "intent" whith the parameter "Child1.class"
• then the activity "Child1" is started using the method "startActivityForResult"
(with "1" as "requestCode")

Once the activity "Child1" is launched

• a text and 2 buttons (OK and CANCEL) are displayed
If we click on "OK"
• the "RESULT_OK" ("resultCode") is sent to the activity "Principale"
– using the method "setResult(RESULT_OK)"
– finaly, the activité "Child1" ends with the method "finish()" 213

2.2- startActivityForResult()
If we click on "CANCEL"
• the "RESULT_CANCELED" ("resultCode") is sent to activity "Principale"
– using the method "setResult(RESULT_CANCELED)"
– "Child1" ends with the method "finish()"

It is the same sequence with the activity "Child2"

• if in the method "Principale" we click on the button "Call Activity Child2"

Once back in the activity "Principale"

• the method "onActivityResult" is executed

We have 2 "switch/case" nested one within the other

• one that manages the "requestCode"
• and the other that manages the "resultCode"
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2.3- putExtra()
The intents also allow to "transport" data
• using the method "putExtra()"

The method "putExtra()" is applied

• to an object of type "Intent"

intent.putExtra (key,value)

Each "value" corresponds to "key"

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2.3- putExtra()
To extract the value of the intent, it is necessary
to use an object of type "Bundle“
• Bundle objet_Bundle = this.getIntent().getExtras()

then to place the transported value in a variable

• we apply the method "getXXX" ("XXX" is the type of transported value) to
objet_Bundle
The method "getXXX" accepts a parameter
• the key associated with the transported value
variable = objet_Bundle.getString("key")

Example
• getString if the transported value is of type String
• getInt if the transported value is of type Integer
• etc. 216

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2.3- putExtra()
Example: main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<EditText
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Input your name"
android:id="@+id/editT"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Validate"
android:id="@+id/bouton"
/>
</LinearLayout>
217

2.3- putExtra()
main1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/textV"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/boutonOK"
android:text="OK"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/boutonCANCEL"
android:text="CANCEL"
/> 218
</LinearLayout>

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2.3- putExtra()
Principale.java
public class Principale extends Activity {Button bouton; EditText texte_name;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
bouton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton);
bouton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick (View view){
texte_name=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editT);
String name = texte_name.getText().toString();
Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this,Child1.class);
intent.putExtra("myName", name);
startActivityForResult(intent,1); } }); }
public void onActivityResult (int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
switch (resultCode){
case RESULT_OK:
Toast.makeText(this,"Child1 OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
case RESULT_CANCELED:
Toast.makeText(this,"Child1 Canceled", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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return; } } }

2.3- putExtra()
Child1.java
public class Child1 extends Activity { Button B_OK; Button B_CA; TextView textV; private String name;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main1);
Bundle infoName = this.getIntent().getExtras();
if(infoName != null){
name=infoName.getString("myName"); }
textV=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textV);
textV.setText("Hello "+name+" Welcome to activity Child1");
B_OK=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonOK);
B_CA=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonCANCEL);
B_OK.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_OK);
finish(); } });
B_CA.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);
finish(); } }); }
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}

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2.3- putExtra()
The activity "Principale" contains
• a "EditText" to enter the user’s name
• and a button to launch the activity "Child1"

The activity "Child1" contains

• an empty "TextView"
• a button "OK"
• and a button "CANCEL"

These 2 buttons have the same functions as in the previous example

221

2.3- putExtra()
String name = texte_name.getText().toString();
• allows to retrieve the text entered by the user

Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this,Child1.class);

• defines the intent

intent.putExtra("myName", name);
• add an information to the intent
• key= "myName", value = name the variable of type String defined above

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2.3- putExtra()
Bundle infoName = this.getIntent().getExtras();
• creates a "Bundle" object that extracts information from the intent

if(infoName != null)
• verifies that the object of type "Bundle" ("infoName") is not empty

name=infoName.getString("myName");
• the method "getString" (having as parameter the key "myName")
• allows to give a value to the variable of type String "name"

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2.3- putExtra()
It is also possible to pass information
• from the activity "child1" to the activity "parent"

Just
• create an object of type Intent "empty" in the activity "child1"
• use the method "putExtra" to "fill" the Intent object with the information to be
transmitted

The "setResult" method will then have 2 parameters:

• the "requestCode"
• and the object Intent just created

The activity "parent" use

• the method "getXXXExtra" of the object data (XXX is the type of transported
value, String, Int,....)
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2.3- putExtra()
Example: Child1.java
public class Child1 extends Activity { Button B_OK; Button B_CA; EditText votre_age; private String age;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main1);
B_OK=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonOK);
B_CA=(Button)findViewById(R.id.boutonCANCEL);
votre_age=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editT);
B_OK.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
age=votre_age.getText().toString();
Intent result= new Intent ();
result.putExtra("mykey",age);
setResult(RESULT_OK, result);
finish(); } });
B_CA.setOnClickListener (new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);
finish(); } });
}
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}

2.3- putExtra()
Principale.java
public class Principale extends Activity { Button bouton;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
bouton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton);
bouton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick (View view){
Intent intent=new Intent(Principale.this,child1.class);
startActivityForResult(intent,1); } }); }
public void onActivityResult (int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
switch (resultCode){
case RESULT_OK:
String age=data.getStringExtra("mykey");
Toast.makeText(this,"Vous avez "+age+" ans", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
case RESULT_CANCELED:
Toast.makeText(this,"Vous ne voulez pas donner votre age",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return; } }
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2.3- putExtra()
Intent result= new Intent ();
• creates an instance of type "Intent" (with empty parenthesis)
– no "target" activity and no "requestCode"
– This intent will only serve us to "transport" information

result.putExtra("mykey",age);
• allows to add a data of type "String" to the intent "result"

setResult(RESULT_OK, result);
• returns the data in the intent to the activity "Principale"

String age=data.getStringExtra("mykey");
• allows to retrieve the string corresponding to the key "mykey"

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3. Intent implicites
These intents allow to launch other applications

In the intent implicites

• the name of the component to be activated is not known

With these intents

• we don’t need to know the name of the application
• nor to specify the application to be launched

For example
• if we click on a phone number and we want to call it
• it is the system that finds the application that can call it
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3. Intent implicites
The Intent takes 2 parameters
• a constant
• and an object of type "Uri"

You can use the method "putExtra"

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3. Intent implicites
The constant
The Android system offers several native actions
• each action is represented by a static constant of the class "Intent"

Examples (see the documentation for a more exhaustive list):

• ACTION_DIAL: show the dialing interface
• ACTION_CALL: call the number automatically
• ACTION_SENDTO: send a message to someone specified by the data
• ACTION_VIEW: display the element identified by the uri
This is the most common action performed on data

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3. Intent implicites
L'uri

The syntax of an URI is as follows:

<schema>: <information>

• The schema describes the nature of the information

– tel: it is a telephone number
– http: it is a web site
– geo: it is the GPS coordinates
– smsto: it is a sms to a number
• The information is the data, It has a syntax that depends on the schema
– for the phone number  tel:0606060606
– for the GPS  geo:123.456789,-12.345678 (the latitude and longitude
are separated by a comma)
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3. Intent implicites
To transform a character string
• into "uri" that can be used by an object of type "Intent"
we must use
• the method parse(String uri)

In Android the "uri" are

• an objects of type "Uri"

To create an instance
• of type "uri"
we must use
Uri uri = Uri.parse(String uri)
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3. Intent implicites
Example with url as uri

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/bouton"
android:text="Go to Google"
/>
</LinearLayout>

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3. Intent implicites
Principale.java

public class Principale extends Activity { Button bouton;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
bouton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton);
bouton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
Uri uri=Uri.parse("http://www.google.fr/");
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
}

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3. Intent implicites
"uri" is an instance
• of the class "Uri"

The method "parse" transforms the string into uri

• Uri uri=Uri.parse("http://www.google.fr/");

We then create an intent with parameters

• the constant ACTION_VIEW
• and the l'uri
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);

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3. Intent implicites
Example with a phone number as uri

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/bouton"
android:text="Call"
/>
</LinearLayout>

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3. Intent implicites
Principale.java

public class Principale extends Activity { Button bouton;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
bouton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bouton);
bouton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener () {
public void onClick (View view) {
Uri uri=Uri.parse("tel:065674453");
//l'uri doit être de la forme "tel:XXXXXX"
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
}
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3. Intent implicites
If we launch the application as is, it will not work!

For safety reasons, by default

• The OS prohibits certain actions to applications
• such as telephone calls from a third-party application

To "allow" an application "to call a number"

• we must modify the file "AndroidManifest.xml"

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3. Intent implicites
AndroidManifest.xml

<manifest package="com.commonsware.android.intenttab"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>
<application android:icon="@drawable/cw"
android:label="@string/app_name">

<activity android:label="@string/app_name"
android:name=".Principale">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

<activity android:name=".Child1" />

<activity android:name=".Child2" />

</application>
</manifest> 239

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