- Operational Research ‘ig the application. of simiby ect Janget , emove Complex decisions thal. concern -lhe operations . d sypters ySuch as business and netiaosks o-f machires , «© Objective of ORE fy ie 4 Operational Reseosch ‘is all abrgl. maximizing. + minindzing she ings acending to the conghains co Hat we can attain an optimized solubm | Best solution: € Qefinition: es Operations Reseavth 18 4 acienttic approach 40 poblem— soltng tos executive rmanagerent- * Scope 14 Applicestion” of Opexatsons Research 4. Notion) plans and budget - 2. Wealth care services and nation! Heath programs. 3, Governmertt developmert and publie ‘seclor unit 4, Trdistial establishment . and private sectos unit - 5> nlaboral defense services. ‘ b+ Regeanch and develo pment in erpineerion T+ piblice works dupont ment S> Business rmonagerent : G+ Educochon arc haiing . Se Trars port , Communication , Ferrcultane ¢ june pajeds dane ee A alPreses fx) steps. oS A. Foumilalion of poblem . . Decision vanioblee 2. “7 a suitable OR roodel, —}* Snshain Objective function. se Analysts and defiving Solution from the rele. T- “Testog the mrdel ond Solution. 5. Sensehiry Ay analysts and caphalig she So Sete a é. aes te solution : wed* oh madilé aw used to allocate resources to activities in suth a way that gome measure ob eHlectneress 13 aplimized. e + Ore ‘of such model apple ied to proeluction bas allocation 4g. Lineas ramming in tohich she Variables are. - linearly rile his eee of traralation 18 called Sormulation- : Tp Hea chap er Formulation ¢ The formulation. of ey Sl da LPp i eee \ canied oul ‘in the pet 4 steps: . 4. Tndertify ng. | selechoo ¢ of Decision’ “Variable. 2. Setting the olfective Denens ae 3: Tderhification of conshain set, : 4. ays the . condi tions of variables Problem + A Oe“The company ¢ produces | manrtactures 2 products which undergoes into -Irree processes « Product A eonbibder ZS per unit and requies Shows fr dlpatment a” Thowss In department PB and hous in daportment 4. Prodliset B° cori budes 21D pe unit Pap requires. ’ 4 hows $n chpertment + A » Shows mi dupastmrent Po and 2 hows indlpoatment- Poe. -capacitien By dlepatinene Pik ee pat 100hus , #08 and “wo bei 7." nee STEAL Seliction of Tories Let tolal qpantity fiodlted of product A 13%), Total quantity produced ot pe B fade. STEP a! ee Selig olgseti Poftt tonksbution of each uit of YWo=d5) Pit conmbictbn af x, will be clenoted 08 5x, Profit carhiution of each unit of B = zl0 profit contvibudion of % wit be olonoted a4 1072. Tre total profil = 5%, t10%2 © The objecle ts 40 monimize the -tolal prof , poube Objechve function 4s wertlty co [ion Ze 54, 410%]eTer 3 dantifcation of conshrain sels Depoabrient, Pins. “Time -bkn i each unit of product A 19 aelperved P, ‘ = show Total ee ‘tequired by . unit: of vere A= Bx, Terhe required by 2 units of paduct a2 hi,’ Total hours available in dupeettmert” Py, = 106 hovces per whale ’ be foritmin: ie SX,P4ts 48 Department Pr Time taken by each emit of, product A tn deputrent fe Rhos Tolal time cecpiined by %, units of product A= 24, Tru taken by ech uni at fer B in degontment fe F = Shoes Tolal time equired by ws units of product B= 3%. Totel howe available in deyportment EB = Yo hous per week. ‘ 0 Conshain ig 2, +3, 270 Deportment fr Tien fakin by each wth of poduclt 4 in department R = Dhow Total Fun veqpitred by units ot prrluck - 7, Time akon by each unis of product & Sn clepoortment Py = Rhour. Toll 4ime sequined ¥ ay unite at pmduct B=2%, Teta) hous owdilable ‘in deportrent Ps »”, Conattain ts = HO hows por aret Ajr2%y < j10; ; ables: STEP 4% Wartting conditons of Ahe Vara +o be' and %y ave tha numbes of products - s produtcticn, we poourred - These camot exist any 7 Bg Mathgrratically : ' +My te 2O. STEPS? Sup nf Mont Z= 57)+101 Bh hha Bx) 14 < $60 PA ABZ Fo W143 4 10 — aw, 219 >0.Kate's 30/04 loca 4. uh A firm manufactures two pndlucts in threo da t ee. tmerrte product ‘a conhibutes % 5 per unit and iy ee Yn department M, 5 hoves “in department N and 4..houxt9 depaxtment P. Product ‘g'. contibutes % 10 pex unit and Fequives 8 hous ‘io dupostment M, 3 hows in Ae pasdrrent N, and S hours ‘in dipooctrnent P. Qapoccties fos cigeortments M, Ny Pp ae 48 hous per werk, Fined out the phim. product ein using Gimplen rode, SI; STEPAt Selection of Yodlabls : 4 Let Join! qlantity produced. oF product “#8. ny Tpta) quantity produced, of po 1g ae | STEP I geting: objectives. maekt conht butior? ot each unit of A= Ed. “Profit contri bution. ot , x, will be denokd o% ie + Profit cont bution ‘of each unit of B=DlO.- + Profit consbution of % ail) be denttel as 10x, Total probit = 5X1 + 10%. \ The oeotve 18 to, craniimize the total profit The objective function saomineod Mat X= 5%) 410%).STEP 3¢ Tdéntification of conshrain sete: Tne takin by each untl of producl A We gi =H hours . Tela) Hime requmed by x1 uel af product A= BY, Time taken by each unit of poreluct B fn departmel H Total Yequsied by 2 unite of pmeduet B = 8X2 Total hours avatlahle 99 dyetment M= 49 have . ". Conshalfn. 78 5A, + am = 49. Department N) Tine. Jaken by each init’ of fmt 4 Ln dea = 5 hourg | Tota] iene requned by unit. “of product A= 5%), Tine taken by each unil of product 8, Jn deportorel a Total frm requied by ty ust ob product B= sM,, Total houxs avdilable in dupeoctment, Ax 48 haces der 13 R93 ea ppubne hr Time-takun by, ath wnt of Toted time reaped by my ast pal Ae % Tire taleen by each unit of prreluel g ia dpdnetp Total tru veguned by Xo unit Df pduet _ BXo Total hours avetlalle in department P= 48 house por weet - constaln ts AL t8% = Ag pode ke, speedsSTEP 4? Writhng condidons of ‘the variables » Both % and %y are-the numbex of products to be produced. Tue crmot entet any gave production, ‘ Madhernatically , 13% 20. STEP 5 5 Suromoay Morn Z=:5Ayt 10% Sie Ft Blo 448 > _ bly + Bla 448 UW AG 249 %,% 20 : oad wcortans Cunt of vitamin “A pet spam ond : Tunile of vilamin B per gram and coats 12 paisa per ger ~ Focal yy! conlains @ unik of vidaroin A pen giam and 12 unde of vilomin B para and caste 90 poisa per parm. The daily rvininume requirements of vitae A and Vitamin B au (oD units ard po unkt veapectnely Find tha minim Cost of product mir, Use smplen ‘methoda. > ~ S+ steps: Selechon of Vonabks Let dhe rumber_ of gon produced in dpe = % let tha number of guar procured th shpe Y= ASTEP 2:5 Setting Objectives "Cost of each gram of type x = 12 paisa. pet gram . Cost of 2, grams of “pe tt, ? ast of each gm of thpe ye 90 ‘paisa per gran, Cosi of Xo grams of ‘pe y = = 2014 Total cost = 12%, + a0do- 4, The objection unctian can be willen as min Z = 12%, +20%2 STEPS 4 es ‘of constrain sets. vHamin At Arotlability of vikmio A tn each gam of ted 2 > Sanh *\ Aratlablty of Wanie..A, tn 4) grams. of faa frilly of vfarsin fn cach gram of Peed y= Bunits ae of viamin A ta Xp. Grant. af fiod =8y, - The wali urn grams... of vidamin A dai bik 7 6% 48I2.= 100,. vitemin Bi i Pf “Aucilabily ot vitamin 8 tn each gram of deed X=F units Aailobilty of vHamin Bin x Jams of food = 7), labs of vilamin B fn each grarp of dead = 12 unis frilly of vier. B In ts gram of « odd y +22, The minimum qrams of vidanun B pu day = 120 units *, Grsban & FX F124, 5120STEP 43 nthe conditions of Variables .. Both %) £% are the “no- of grams -b be proluced. Ture Cannot exist a negate production. Aa On STEP 5; ;— Samenoay. Min Z = 12%) +20%2 Ses 641 +8%5 ZI00 FU TIM. Sp 219% 20. ZA fim manfacknes ® products in 3 departments . - Product A agerusects a probit of zn per unit ard aan F house In dipastment U, 6 hase in department V ard Bhowu tn depoodrnent ht= Prookect B @otibuctes BIS per urit and reqpures 9% houxs in depoertment U , yp hoes ‘in dapodment V .and Ghouxs tr dupaatment hl+ The capacites tof departments U, bf ond Wh aw s0-haas, 54 hous and 40 hows wospehvely» find owt Aha Ophmum prroluel mm eve singplex model. Sh STEP 4: Selection of Yoouabjes. Let total queality : produced of product A=1, Let -lal qpranty produced of produel B=2,STEP 2+ Selling the Objective ; Profit conkibution of each unit of A = 12 / pot aonkibution of x, will be denoted 0% 124, prot tontribuchon of Ea anit of B f° L5 fb ptr! conhibubon of xX» will be dinoled as [5% Total poht = 24 HOU. ; The objectve furchon 7¢ 40 maxinnze te tolal pott “The Objeche Ainehon pg soridlen os Mox 2 = 2%) + 1512 STEPS OT itr featior obs corahaty, cele. Deportmant ¥ : Mage tala by each unit of product A in depatment U=Fhyy Total tine Hebpured by 2 wurids of product A =74, | Time taken by cach unit of prdeot 8 in cleportmrent U= ghe. Tolal time Taguned by Lo uni of procteeed B oe Toba) hours available In deparbnent U are Sobre. 1, @nstaln 1s 44, 49%, < 50 Depeutrnend Vv; “Teno taken by each unit of prituc W tn clyeadmenl v= B hrs Total tine neqyutredd 4) units of product A= x, Time akin by each unit of product g tn deportrrertt Y= $ hus - Tota) time requied fi % unis of preluct Be dy Tolal fine available in diatment Vv 1s Shhnc . . < Gnshain 18 61+ 4% avyDepoatment Whe, Tims. taken by each unit of prolucl Ain department W=3ne Total time required by > units of product A=3%, Time taken by each unr of product 8 in dypatment hl = Glas Tolal mu Athy vaguetred by 4a uolts of prducl B=6a, Toba) Hine qvailable in cepertment bi te 4ohee ‘conghain 6 37, +6%2 4 40" STEP 4 5 W conditors fre va2ables . Both % 4% ct number of srrolucls ro These Cannel | exist oor proeuchon- %,5%2 20 “STEPS; Surnmneng Moa’ Z =.12%y 4 19%2 etc , AN, +9%2 =BO 614 42 =5Y 3) + 6% £40 %1,%220.TSo profit Method, o Consider Mor Z= Bt 6% STC. oy, 4 XQ 242 Ay A Wo A Hg Ary Ay Oy Solution 3 ‘For conshain 4 “cecdinoty, asu. € 0,42) (36 10) foxy conshatn 2 coordinate aro € 0,24) C48)0)Solv Bess StL 971A = 717 A+ 2%, = 49 21 +4 = 96 ap=8 ~ §0ne oy ’ Ay=3ar fae (oh 40) = (32,8) Max z = 2 (39) 4 G(s) Max z= 256+48 Extreme point Evaluation method . forner pont | Coorcbnates 0 6,6) Z= 40) +66)| 7-0 (424) ‘| 2=8(0) +624) 22144 (32,8) z= 832) 16(9) 22304 C 36,0) . Z=8(3)40 | 2=ags abjeehve tonto Yalus | *PA Man 2 = 12-50) +390. STE ea) ety 2 HO KF ISM, 4/20 AA, in Solution: . SCpntkain 4 + (es, 0) Co, No) ali ‘ (0, 8.7) ; we €130,0) : fo \22 30 yo SP 60 70 SD 40 4 HO 129 15 Ry so Gt 42 = NO = 120 _, X14 15% = BO cc gs: %2 = £10 eoMot z= 12 ise ie (“94 +32 64 Faherne point eralication method: Objectives Lanebs 2=o | (0,0) (£7) (228, a) Le al Geaiey |ea Gnophical gclution Procedurve : A. Assuring % and, 40 be nepresented Be eae anes respechvel check the cond Hi ont of vostiab ke and attending prepoxt the graph shel - graph will be tn hight firs: quadrant ,*f % 18 umeshicted and Io 20) the Solution will be TL and I quadrants jH- 4,20 AE 48 umeshicted the solut09 will be ‘in Fe: and “We qpackent “TA oth aca umesickd the SldFon may be any whan Cin only quadrant). TP 20 ,%20 your Divide the sale oppronimalely on X and ¥ anes Such that you an represent all Sts Volues - Te is seals on both 8s . aha heticr to have same 2. Assume the congholinls cot equation’ and tind a foo. pomls dev each aquatton 30 thd -the equation can be aepresenteal ag sina 8 Ine. On raph. [at i3 al easy to cgsume Hs ee And %; ond 20 b And %1 Zand Thus afeao lino Conners ng (a,0) arent as 6)'| m” « Aefilorty , chro all the consheent lines © Shade -the approviate areas as gen by -the conghrawts . Th te eonghaint 16 4 ‘ype dade “the asaa towards oreo. Ththe combecint Is > shade the aca aucay doom engin (Jt the tonsba 1° 2 type ,do not shod any nvea ond ane tine 9iself Pipe epi. aS WwWNok! Dhove ules ase applicable Av the Imes cohich, have pos rhve constant ab ‘ight land side , olhenvoise tho above nubs ou to be vversed - me Teentety the feasible komik by locating he coun eectistymg all eonghtints dha 7s 19. Common edith all the cordhalt areas. Trig gion will have the optimal Soludion . Th Huse. 18 No Common region possible than -lhe solection. “ Infeasible. : 6 noo; to tind. optimal Solution 1¢ lave too methods : @® Teopoht (180 cost) line metbad. @) Extreme pomt evaluation method « @ so prokit method foi maou micaton objeotve [reo cost Ime in the case of rowinigealy on objective} # In this method, fast asguming Zesv profils op zero costs the objectve function Vine 1s deawn - ¥ Any porulel line fo Aris line bolenas. fo thu see at objechve Funchbns - : --# Penong ad) Huse lines” touchita the feasible. ve Cin cose of manimisadtion) oT nenrest poms (4n cose “of vt Tdentity Jnese pdints ord read thee X 4 ¥ crcnclvettin Locate Ihe one Hat wil] be jor ot the farthest pont the one which -foucher at pomimisation )e » Find Ihe Zman oF Xmin by substititing these Values An the cbjechie function -@® Exheme porrtt valuation method ' Tn dha: method , ‘aflen loarhing. “he feasible Sy yead all the extreme (coined) poinls & subette thue values tn objectve » union, ® Taend fy the poin®) hed Y ytelds rofigiroury, valu J, texelyeche oe i 6) mihimum Vile Nae 6 mathe! 4s ‘easier but ‘not relbable in some (0303. Threfore Studenk ne advised do ure He Ts0— profit [cast lea ‘patted and may’ theck the Gnsioes by aah tnkeme point evaluation Merits eg of opi Solections . > Graphica) solutions cou. easi J0 unckastand gind 2¢preduce, — Retonal: view a i qnves cept repeienkthon, Demerits / hmitatons 7 ; oa ; |, Lintted to the problems of #20" deetesn variable : only, 21 Pecusaiy “Can nes rbe Fema 3. Sonte hres te thal: do repient cordain oil natn’ mn thee Case of ria Tineaw e4prestoslo oe 22+ Solve the fallowang LP pwblems cing Seaphical rrathod a O® Mor 2= 61,4899 Ste 4 5M + 10%, = 60 SO bon 2 4O a I, 2>O ® Mn 22> Aa, FOAg Stet RA 2 BH +%, 22 43| +a, = 6 P Ws, eo Shehino: z Ae > x ) Mon Z= GA; t3A%o “Boh we ordain (016) Gao f° Gregan 2 (0,10) (10,0) Ae 5% 1101. =60 St YA, = 40 -@) mee) [wu =2 | — Maxx = 6/9) +02) “4B tle | Mor z = |@ min 2=> G4) +. 9%. So) ST ) g)49% So BUt4 > 2 4% +3%y > 1 ty AW. >0 Conbhaint 4 €,1) C2,0) Conghraiust 2 F002) a Ve Cir Oo (¥ Conshaint 2 GLS,5) a Cora lou cy A Qn be Solved csi Conshrount Gils B can be_Solvedt usitg At ly / fl | c= (2,0) Crs %1+2%. -2 | A= (0.6 , },2) CL > 2h: +H = 2 o = Gio, aa) Br ymrar, =L ; ; Mag 2 tt, 4) coordina ler axe AB Zag a 4.9 ZH Coodinalis A B => Ime 5.6. 2 bb cooidirot& ont C xy gig. + | Zoun = 4-8}.10. jE Mow Z= DA +O% STC 4 24,4 4% 4100 QUi+ 3A» 240 4 Cy POM 20": ets a. 20. ay Cow dina tts Po constraints 4 ¢ (0, 9s) (333.0) =( 12,0) Gonghaint’Q | (0, 23-3) = (0; a) (35,0) Consyaint 3: Co ,65) (ito, 2)Cy >It 14M = Wo psf 2a) + B42 = HO C3 > FB = [pO Solvma cy 4 Cy will gives B pow RC => 6X, +B. ={oe 30. DHA HUD Qa tt? ee 4 Hl, = 10 XH, = RO 8 = (10,20) f= 688.238) c -{ 33.3 ,0) +O = FOjo)) Vali of Z tnallte ports © for Asz=233 ; Bz = a50- C5 2= 166.5 Oy 2 ae 4 [ Mee 2 = 250). @ won 2251) +102 C+ Hp teXy 448 Pee 2 HPS ns A, tBAr 24G O17 Ss : ey obs, convraint 4; (9.6, o) me Core) ; “ct conshaint § + (9.8, 0) 40 — (0) 18). conskaml o (0,8) : C48, 0) C) SOUT PL= 4a BD att, = 8 Sieliaaeres 4 SF - A/S 20 20 BF wa us sy M14 Bt 243 , we Ws Pont 0 (0,0) A (46,0) 8 (0,8) Corres pondifoy Z pons otk vepon 0 4B ze 6b dav B 220 xO Z=48 dov A&) Min Ze 12%, + 20Ar STts 64,-£3%2 ZOO WN, 412%. S}2O, A WwszoO # &)F ~ conshait 4s x - (2 0) = (16- 0) (0, 12-5) fondant > ofa, 10) bo 0) -(11.% , 0) By solving ¢ Conshands, we yt . Ae is, 12-0) = dy nes) a =(u. 14,0) Trin = 5-68 | i@ Mon Z= 12% TIS, SiGe Ut, ED SI tya,2 SY Biden 2 go Mas 20 Srlubon — Comdinati aceoding to eontraints Conghaint A z (2, 0) = (4:14 ,0) (0, 2) = (5; 5.55) Constraink 2: é 4, i) é 0,21) = (0,135) Conshdint 3! (42,0) = (13-3,0) (0 22) « (0,667) 4 8 = (2-14 0 © = [0,09 SZ valu, tl OpB regions thos 2x=0 ab A > 728308 at BD z= 85968 ear