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Fe Hil OL TE UR AR
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ELEMENTARY CHINESE
READERS
BOOK ONE

dé ah be Fa
(mre

Sp Se i WR #E
dé
 EXPLANATORY NOTES

This textbook has been compiled for the use of foreign

students who study Chinese in Beijing Languages Institute
and of students abroad as well.
The textbook aims at training students in practical skills.
In compiling the book, we have made every effort to
observe the following principles: teach the language in a
logical order and advance step by step. In the first ten
lessons on phonetics we try to arrange the phonetics as
systematically as possible through dialogues, without neg-
lecting drills on the initials, finals and tones of single
characters. From Lesson 11 on, we give a number of com-
mon sentence patterns in each lesson to illustrate certain
grammar points which are to be mastered through substi-
tution drills, and the texts will help students express
themselves in connected speech. In each lesson we also
provide brief notes on grammar and words and phrases.
. Each lesson contains a great number of exercises which
can be used either as homework or as exercises in class.
From Lesson 11 on, there is a review after every three
lessons which consists of either a text and some exercises
or a summary of grammar points taught in the preceding
lessons.
. In the book, we have adopted all the simplifications of
Chinese characters which have been officially published and
are in common use. For the convenience of learners
abroad, the original complicated form of each simplified
 Chinese character appearing for the first time is given in
the table of Chinese characters for each lesson.
. The compilers (Li Pei-yuan, Ren Yuan, Zhao Shu-hua,
Liu She-hui, Liu Shan, Shao Pei-zhen, Wang Yan-nong
and Lai Si-ping), the translator (He Pei-hui) and the
illustrator (Jin Ting-ting) sincerely expect the users of
this textbook to inform us of their opinions and sugges-
tions.
Compilers March 1979
 <

Lat
 H x
CONTENTS

WIE St = AEF The Chinese Phonetic Alphabet.................. 16

RES
(el Sa PRODPEVIALIONS ae cy. <1 ahh cescnetv baieos Pee vases snreed get terers 17
Peerseae OT PADS Gh. SDEREH torn cn flan d vacectaauee stead ssoaes on2ast 18
pe REECSU Bie Contre te otic kde h adc Ws oka iuge a Sadee eo os 1
—, A ifaw New Words and Chinese Characters
Sepp Snes Oe ie oA
tpl. snitials2b 00pm, f2.d ts nell
PY. $f? Combinations of Initials and Finals
Ti, Fai Tones
Fr. #21 Drills
4, URE Notes
1. MizB HHA! Formation of a Chinese
syllable

2. i, u, U AREER: Way of
writing i, u or wt which forms a syl-
lable by itself
3. jai Tones
4. Wf Chinese characters
AN Weise
AR EH Basic Strokes of Chinese
Characters
FL. WEAN «Rules of Stroke-order of
Chinese Characters
++, 9 Table of Chinese Characters
 Lesson.2..dcieacs
enh ors eeeeee eho
47h Dialogue
AE ja]FIZ New Words and Chinese Char-
acters

MRE «Finals ai ei ao ou
Faby Initialise ksh
$ft7F Combinations of Initials and Finals
4] Drills
{ERE Notes
1. AA =e PEI Pronunciation ofa 3rd
tone followed by another 3rd tone
2. js Tone-graph
il=# Table of Chinese Characters
LesSOne3 spe aatet es : sioewece de
Zik Dialogue
Ae lA New Words and Chinese Char-
acters
fbE Finals an en ang eng ong
tz Combinations of Initials and Finals
#2] Drills
it FE Notes
1. 4478 Neutral tone
2. “+=; Half 3rd tone
Wl: Table of Chinese Characters
LESSONS 4iks <sceme 24
SiG Dialogue
AE iF New Words and Chinese Char-
acters
 =. ht Finals ia ie iao iou(-iu)
DY, Fak Initials j q@*x sh
ti. $f? Combinations of Initials and Finals
F. #4 Drills
+‘. {ERE Notes
1. iou Aim RAS Way of writing
iou when preceded by an initial
2. ie #lvte rH e f\i#ze Pronunciation of e
in ie and te

3. ia, ie, igo, iou FHT Bie

Way of writing ia, ie, iao or jou
which forms a syllable by itself
4. U ETP HOS Omission of the two
dots above i
A. (x Table of Chinese Characters
eee RR LESHOWM Os orares ana oo) ape saste-¥eghtaacr ins oes bin<aieeepmabita sp sienoe
—, if Dialogue
—. Aeilfnyl7@ New Words and Chinese Char-
acters
=, #4} 0 «Finals uaq uo uai uei(-ui) uan
uen(-un) uang ueng te wan Un
PU, $f? Combinations of Initials and Finals
Hh. #Y «ODrilds|
7\. ERE Notes
1. uei, ven ATI MPsAERTS Way of
writing uei, uen when preceded by an initial

2. u FE-PE SR Way of wri-

ting u that begins a syllable
3. Ue, Ucn, un AMENSY Way
of writing te, Uan or tn which
forms a syllable by itself
ig Table of Chinese Characters
LeSSONGO Cais ease dammaceesces sear nss saad
4i% Dialogue
A il # il New Words and Chinese Characters
hE «Finals -i [7]
er
ian in iang ing tong
rat eplnivialses 2). Cs
H¢z¢ Combinations of Initials and Finals
#3]. Drills
{ERE Notes
1. #8 er Final er
22. Cle Shot Final 2i5ins 28st
and si
3 cione nine eiang. fing = iong) asia
Ih AY S57 Way
of writing ican, in, iang,
ing or iong which forms a syllable by
itself
ie Table of Chinese Characters
LeSSOMl ai cescantee ser ceacat sere ce «46
E76 Dialogue
AE VAAL +4New Words and Chinese Char-
acters
MRE «Final $-i [1]
jaak. Initials =zhe che Gipe ot
tt Combinations of Initials and Finals
 7X. AA Drills
45. (EE Notes
Zhi ech oeshl. nisieageyap Finale T > in
“AMS Selaies Slav rina Bae feat
A. We # Table of Chinese Characters
ALB «Table of the Speech Sounds of Beijing
Dialect
me CL welseSsOn Sateen
—. 41§- Dialogue
=. itn yz New Words and Chinese Char-
acters
=, &Y Drills
VU, wERE Notes
“AX”?
Hy 4S iH Tone changes of “7A”
Fi. Wx Table of Chinese Characters
ee eMCSe OTe inn cons shew teu res ceeUMat a ayaW aeas ePayatsel .1So0k's os 408
—, Bigz Dialogue
=. A:inkfuwls New Words and Chinese Char-
acters i
=, #2 Drills
PU, YERE Notes
1. JL{E RE Retroflex final
2. Bares Dividing mark
FH. Wx Table of Chinese Characters
e+ Lesson 10 ...........+.+
—, Biz Dialogue
=, A inl#nyle New Words and Chinese Char-
acters
 =. #2 Drills
DU, weg Table of Chinese Characters
Ue iFAIS) Classroom ExpressiOns 0...... 0240. os. ceasecseiensds
saenseees 74
Ba ee Lesson <Lt roeugereaec. atthe cnet. «mee ee el gheite eMieeeino mere 76
— | £}@2:2] Substitution Drills
=, Hoc. Text
=, Hin) New Words
PO, i@%& Grammar
1. “327=4(—) “ft” sentences of type (1)
2. ¥e|pj4@yj(—) Questions of type (1)
ti. 22] Exercises
Fr. WF Table of Chinese Characters
BEforePe POSSON 12) es ceeds ue -oaccacee's 5 sah eee st ee ee eee 87
—_ FRA D>] Substitution Drills
aA ee ERY
=, Ain) New Words
PU, j2ze Grammar
1. #j# Attributive
2. 28 Bbil“fy”(—) Structural particle “fy” (1)
3. Kel] 7C—) Questions of type (2)
H. 4&2 Exercises
FX. We 4 Table of Chinese Characters
Sct Pee, Lesson 132k. 2a Ma e.. C ee ee eee Oe
—,_ Kkp2zE>] Substitution Drills
Sige eesLEK
=, Hin) New Words
PU, j=? Grammar
1, “A744 “4” sentence

10
 2. Re WlELIE Nunteral--measure word as
the attributive “ “
3. §%Elal{CiB)“JL” Interrogative pronoun “ J],”
T. #2] Exercises
Fr. Weg Table of Chinese Characters
ee TPUie Lesson 14- 3 °(1) Review (1)-....s..ececeeeese 113
ct ely CLEKE
=. Ais] New Words
=, #2 = Exercises ‘
MM. WH Table of Chinese Characters
em
HL Pye khOSSOMN Lots see tever yaa sonas cece tek eet wR DON cates ceeiee LDU
—, FEMA] Substitution Drills
=. Wx Text
=. Him) New Words
PY, 72%: Grammar
1. UAWiPiZ% Sentence with an adjective
as its predicate
2. VAMPiZ Wiz Negative form of the
sentence with an adjective as its predicate
3. %elp]aj(—=) Questions of type (3)
4. t§an{tid
Ew i® Demonstrative pronoun
as the attributive
FL. 42] Exercises
K. Wx Table of Chinese Characters
Be ERT EE CSSO1 1 Oo ase acy eqs feette adl soled talons .ghbsi casoerecoasdes 135
—, om
#&+~2¢3] Substitution Drills
cee be ext
=, ia) New Words
11
 PU, jeye Grammar
1. whiifiZ% Sentence with a verb as its
predicate
2. Sinifik whew Negative form of the
sentence with a verb as its predicate
H. 4% Exerciszs
KK. Wx Table of Chinese Characters
Be te PL LESSON Lid Me lap viet sos s0.s'vinw tives elaine naw ials saueeeerettetels WARE
—_ MAD Substitution Dvills
Sobre. elext
=, -Ein|) New Words
PU, j@Ye Grammar
1. Aki Adverbial adjunct
2. “ERAS” “Hib” and “4”
ti> 22 «Exercises
Fv. WF # Table of Chinese Characters
SAK Te oeessOn eh Omit 21 (2) sees 161
JREVIGW.. (2) <olesaeeeueneen
+. pa CL Text
‘=. Ei] New Words
=, 7? Grammar
1. Wi=hM—PRi}y} Word order of a Chi-
nese sentence

2. JR iWiBiE%) Sentence with an adjective

as its predicate
3. 4tjn) Measure word
4. 3¢]2 Attributive
Pq. ii Words
ti. 2:2] Exercisés

12
 Fr. Wx Table of Chinese Characters
ee a Was Ge, restates s sie c0dpiadlsed o's oe svccedced 177
—. #822252] Substitution Drills
=. WM Text
=. Hin) New Words
PO. i@y¥ Grammar —
1. “j27=4)(—) “#-” sentences of type (2)
2. %elal CPO) Questions of type (4)
F. A CExercises
Fr. Weg Table of Chinese Characters
ee Se WL COSC AL een tee ee Sae Fs. torah sate idee ag as Pinder)
araver e192
—. #€{R262] Substitution Drills
oe ext

=. eja) New Words

DU, i&~s Grammar
1. $RBcyeC—) Numeration (1)
2. Kelnlthi“B2b” = Interrogative pronoun
« £ pyr
3. £eWji+#2 Counting money
F. #2 Exercises
Fy, WER Table of Chinese Characters
ee ALESSOM Dk gaiclaunuslindds nduapchay hs+- 20D
gree pdayé-tesers
—-_ FEMRAS] Substitution Drills
a ates Text
=, Ein) New Words
PY, jy Grammar
1. Ai ifiE%) Sentence with a noun as its
predicate

i3
 2. italia) Time words
3. -EIHIBiB4) «©Sentence with a subject-pre-
dicate construction as its predicate

ike
2 >] Exercises
Pra wz Table of Chinese Characters
+i. Lesson 22) >] (3) Review (3) «tag eee. 209
=.) Proc) Text
=. Ain] New Words
=, #2 Exercises
PO, w2273%é Table of Chinese Characters
oe ee es Lesson, 23) sats 225
—, #&MAE>] Substitution Drills
=a, bee ext
=, Aig) New Words
Py, 727% Grammar

1. “AAS” “A” and “ey”

2. 4A, ALA Agi «©6Order of the year,
month, day and hour
3. MHEDWMiPie% Sentence with a verb
taking two objects as its predicate
Fi, 22) Exercises
WK. We # Table of Chinese Characters
Ee sf ee SSO 24 kaha est eed ee etn Rees 23%
—, AEMAED] Substitution Drills
—s 3c Text
—— He ja] .New Words
De 7 Grammar
1. 4464444 Preposition-object construction
14
 2. “FE” “WHY FEB ANGE IL? “BIL” Object of the
preposition “ff”Or “J\” and “jx JL” or “HBIL”
FL. 22] Exercises
Fx. W4-# Table of Chinese Characters
ae a mee ct Res 0b se Lola i oscvnubeitvas vv eae'ens
— | #&¢Q2E>] Substitution Driils
=. PC Text
=, Hin) New Words
PY, 727: Grammar
1. #8HE¢>i= Complement of degree
2. Hie i thi=® Verb taking after
iE ARE
it an object and a complement of degree
t.. #2 Exercises
7. Wz Table of Chinese Characters
Pe oe Lesson 26 a 2] C4). Review (4)... s..0nceecceees
—. sc Text
——, Hin) New Words
=, j% Grammar
1. Usha Four kinds of sentences
2. POsbSEl|4 Four kinds of questions
3. BAWINIEWA OR” $49 (=) Sentence
with an adjective as its predicate and “}::”
sentences of type (2)
4. IRIE RIFLE thi Adverbial adjunct and
complement of degree
PM. ia Words
Fi. A Exercises
Fe, WR Table of Chinese Characters
FAPBFE Vocabulary ..........c.csecceeseeeseseeeeeeeeeenrene scenes eeees 219

15
 Wi bw fF BER
The Chinese Phonetic Alphabet

EM |8 5 fe |eee EMMI |3 BS He |REA BR

printed | written names printed | written names

forms forms forms forms

Nia [a] Non Ne [ne]

Rese oie De] O 0d sO aCaime (o}

, [tse] | Pp | Pp | [rel
Did} [te] Qq1Q q | ltsiou)
eat aly] Rr Ree rages [art
Fcait mieten $s |) eee Leu
G g |. sl Tits | Tet s)
H oh [xa] oy e leesg [u]
ames ety Ve vu kV ven [vel
J jf | Iteie] | Ww | Wow | wal
Ko ee The] ol yx eX eee eetel
eb |e), ¥ yeh ame aeLie
Mm [em] ag | Ue, Zz [tse]:
 Poh
iy PRan Ze
Abbreviations

- Ce) Bid mingci noun

CAD Riad ddici pronoun
Gy) ayia déngct verb
CHE 3) HE RS2 i] néngyudn déngct optative verb
CE) Feial xingrdngci adjective
CBO Bela] shuict numeral
Ct) aria] lidngcet measure word
Call) fallia] fici adverb
=
WN
BR
NA
CANN GY) srid jiéci preposition
. GE) 2218 lia@nci conjunction
ey - BH)
—[at
pa ia zhuci particle
Bh asBHia] déngtdi zhuct aspect particle
ER HBi] jiégou zhtci structural particle
a UBial yliqr zhuci modal particle
12. CR) WM ia] tdanci interjection
ia: (RR ia] xidngshéngci onomatopoeia
CA) WK. citdu prefix

Ce) iwi suffix

a ve
ciwel

17
 eee Organs of Speech
LJ Upper Lip

bw Upper Teeth

OF De Teethridge

fea IS Hard Palate

eS Soft Palate
Dn
=
HBO
BW
A NG Uvula
~“_ PE Under Lip
Pa Under Teeth
wo
Oo Tip of Tongue
10. Blade of Tongue
Ue Back of Tongue
f. 12. Vocal Cords
13" Nasal Cavity

18
 a3 —-t Lesson 1

—, AWAY New Words and Chinese

Characters

1. ba (BON eight
2. bd abv=t-Cl) Ze not, no
fe waleyS. ao Alves to fear, to be afraid Vang dy a

4.di 2% (Bk big, large — dhew vaarra ie

Jeeta he, him, she, her isa

Gs yt (kk) — one

7. wii (7) & five

8. yA yjowr fish

re at ee y
K

=. #8 Finals
i U ii
aq [@) e
oo» yu
uh

(—)o FOBA, BAIR, BAB

The mouth is wide open. The tongue is at its lowest. The
lips are not rounded.
(=) o FFA RERE, ARORA,
ive. DUE.
The opening of the mouth is medium. The tongue-position
is mid-high and a little to the back. The lips are rounded.

(=e FOR DS, aici, tila JS 7 Mal.

The opening of the mouth is medium. The tongue-posi-
tion is mid-high and a little to the back. The lips are not
rounded.

CAD i FOR Rev) Je hack, is Haat

The opening of the mouth is narrow, with the lips spread.
The tongue-position is high and somewhat forward.

Ch) u FFA Re) JS rela a Pi. Mao

The opening of the mouth is narrow. The lips are most
close and rounded. The tongue-position is high and somewhat
to the back.

Qs) U0 Ati Gant. 245 i [i] ASO AE.

The tongue-position is high and somewhat forward. Ui is
the corresponding lip-rounded vowel to i [i].

S ofo]

ata]
 =
ey ya Bh Initials

b p m f

(1) 484 (2) Bt (3) RF

Lip-position Holding breath . Releasing breath

b [p], SUB, iE, EH. WEA, WAL,

TihFEDUES » Ui ER ZeIT BRS ANTE”. FEA DD
b [p] is a bilabial unaspirated voiceless plosive. It is pro-
duced by pressing the lips together, keeping the breath in the
mouth, and then opening the mouth to let the air out with a
pop. It is unaspirated and the vocal cords do not vibrate.
P[p'] MEHR GEE. RPM b—H, WHA
WBETH 5 PRIS FEA RD
p [p‘] is a bilabial aspirated voiceless plosive. The posi-
tion and manner of articulation are the same as those of b,
but the breath is puffed out strongly. It is aspirated and the
vocal cords do not vibrate.
 m m[m] SUEEL, ABA, Mat. TUB
Fl, HG. Ab PE, RSE. FE
TRB 0
m [m] is a bilabial unaspirated .nasal.
It is produced by pressing the lips, lower-
ing the soft palate and uvula and letting .
the breath pass out through the nose. The
vocal cords vibrate.

tif] BAS Ieee. haa,

PTA MF Tad E28 fd HAIRS).
f [f] is a labio-dental voiceless frica-
tive. It is produced by pressing the lower
lip against the upper teeth and letting
the breath come out with friction. The
vocal cords do not vibrate.

(1) WE (2) BA QF,

Tongue-position Holding breath Releasing breath
 d[t] FARA, HES. GREG, OHA
A THE Ta RRSP EER
eT. FRASER
B)
d [t] is an alveolar unaspirated voiceless plosive. It is
produced by pressing the tip of the tongue against the
teethridge, keeping the breath in the mouth, and lowering the
tip of the tongue to let out the air with a pop. It is unaspi-
rated and the vocal cords do not vibrate.
t [t'] GRR ES. RMA d — EMO
Weta Ze Tt PT BEE. FEA HRD
t [t‘] is an alveolar aspirated voiceless plosive. The po-
sition and manner of articulation are the same as those of d.
The only difference is that it is aspirated, i. e., the breath is
let out more strongly.

n[n] GAA, Be. GRRL AME, n

NS. Da PH, SITIF. FTA.
n [n] is an alveolar nasal. It is pro-
duced by pressing the tip of the tongue
against the teethridge, lowering the soft
palate and uvula and letting the air come
out through the nose. The vocal cords
vibrate.
[Tl] GAA. BREA, be
n Fa. US BBP. PeeoD
| [I] is an alveolar lateral. It is pro-
duced by pressing the tip of the tongue
against the teethridge (a little behind the
position of n) and letting the air come
out by the sides of the tongue. The vocal
cords vibrate.
 py, $f Combinations of Initials
and Finals

dis pa. (Lones

ci & ® High-pitch a we
Ist tone
(2)
4 Pil Mid-high-pitch
— =
—F4
2nd tone
SP RME Niddielpiteh : wae
3rd tone

(3)
2 eR Mid-low- pitch
: SSyay
1 AK Low-pitch
4th tone

Fi Ns A Figure showing the four tones

 FAVA |e], ESCATa] ~When a syllable is pronounced in
different tones, has a different
meaning.
bd (eight) ba (to pull up) ba (target) ba (father)
ma (mother) ma (hemp) md (horse) md (to scold, to
curse)
da (to put up) da (to answer) dd (to beat) da (big, large)
yT (one) yi (to move, to yY (chair) yt? (a hundred
remove) million)
- wi (house, wG (to have not, wt (five) wu (fog)
room) there be not)

7x, #24 Drills

1. [U4 The four tones

ba ba bd ba
bi ba bi bu
pa pa pa pa
da da da da
|
Peer
ta
yi @€ee
ta
yi
ta
yt
ta
yt |
wi eeh wi wu wu
yu ya yt yu
2. #k#¢ Sound discrimination
bd po bd pd
de Quh ta Tah aa ta
mo fo ma fa
nd pula le huh na neh 1a
 yT wi yu yi wi ya
yl wit yu yT wu yu

yl yu wil yu
T yu wu yu

+. y¥t%e Notes

1. QUST ES EPPSA A BB EE
PORE RMB EE. filen ba, Jer b zeRBE,A AEE.
DUE BYFs BEB AE Ba 7 Ss BBR A a Fo CB
BE) AWE ZAI BBE), A TC Se CBE)
VAD
AA WEA EE, Bilan o Ci), (LAN REE ADEE.
A syllable in Chinese is usually composed of an initial and
a final. The former is a consonant that begins the syllable and
the latter is the rest of the syllable, e.g. “ba” in which “b” is
an initial and “a” is a final.
An initial in Chinese is always a consonant while a final
is a vowel, which may be a simple vowel (simple final) or a
compound vowel (compound final), or a vowel plus a nasal
consonant (nasal final). Some syllables may be without an
initial, e.g. “a” (ik, a modal particle), but no syllable can do
without a final. .

2. 1 Beh SM yi.
u Ei er ATS Be wu,
U Ae tS ke yu,
Standing for a syllable by itself, “i” is written as “yi”.
Standing for a syllable by itself, “u” is written as “wu”.
Standing fora syllable by itself, “u” is written as “yy,
 3. Ds aetaleg DAA HS “—- Cp
i). - GIR), y =? < (AED? KRM. IK
lh], ZEAE LA Tal, Blea: y7Pa, AOE
SA—-TEHAA—-TIEH BRA SRE EL. HHL
Ast, 2Ab i EWR. Pilko: yT, tt, ni, dt,
There are four basic tones in Beijing dialect, represented
respectively by the following four tone-graphs:
“ — ” (the Ist
tone), “ +.” (the 2ndstone), “ ~.” (the 3rd tone). and * < ”
(the 4th tone). When a syllable is pronounced in different
tones, it has different meanings, e.g. “yi” (—, one), “yi” ({Z,
a hundred million).
When a syllable contains only a single vowel, the tone-
graph is placed above it. When a tone-graph is placed above
the vowel “i”, the dot over it should be omitted, e.g. “yi”,
(4
tiih ilies
Ces {

4 REELEWBSAS. TESTE, UE
Fe Ha Dr 2 A DHE AS BFE & eT — IB ak
fe ee eee eee
NES HISD MPRA ARBS. BRE RIE
B Seca eS PR 0
Chinese characters, the written symbols of the Chinese
language, are constituted of several basic strokes the number
of which is not very great. Most of Chinese characters, apart
from some basic ones, are made of different basic characters
or fixed components. In Chinese, a syllable stands for a char-
acter which should be written in a square no matter now
many strokes it contains. In writing Chinese characters, one
should pay attention to their correct stroke-orders and their
structure which should be compact and well-balanced.
?
 A. Weg 3E2%4 ig] Basic Strokes of
Chinese Characters

7 Tel 4 OB asm
Directions of
fl |
Strokes Names strokes Examples

at x

Ae aT
CAS:
héngzhé

shuzhé A
PS

10
 Fu, MPI “Rules of Stroke-order of
Chinese Characters

es ie ee Ji Hl my
Examples | Stroke-order Rules

oe eek A:
“héng”
Se (oe
precedes “shu”

poe a eR
XR 7 ame
“pis” precedes “nd”

Tie pe OM ASAP Fy
From top to bottom

eRegy ies pe Sh es
From left to right

1 cd =: ae "|
From outside to inside

ee a
Inside precedes the sealing stroke

JZ + Ho Js w w
Middle precedes the two sides

11
 +, weg Table of Chinese Characters

in pees YP NSP NG
oz
 ik Lesson 2
te &£

—, Zig Dialogue

A: NY hdo!
How do you do!
B: NY hdo!
How do you do!

= A ifnytet2 New Words and Chinese

A,, Characters

Vit
eae
(4) Ale you (sing.)

2. hdo (%) HF good, well

3. kdu (2 uz) mouth, a measure word

4. bai white
 black, dark

Ol
oe
(Oma
to give
NA ron to come

=, i Finals

ai d ej ao Ou*
1 e@ oow Oh

py, ya kt Initials

g kK h

(1) WE (2) Bt (3) RY

Tongue-position Holding breath Releasing breath

Qik] GPA. AEA, HES. BRM EKS, MESS

FFAS» EUR Ao FATA HeBH
g [k] is a velar unaspirated voiceless plosive. It is produced
by raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate, and then
lowering it to let the air out with a pop. It is unaspirated.
The vocal cords do not: vibrate.

14
 kK [k*] GAR, SER. REMAN gO RE, UE
PSH ARBeTGLAS BEE. FEE ANHD
k [k*] is a velar aspirated voiceless plosive. The position
and manner of articulation are the same as those of g. The
only difference is that it is aspirated. The vocal cords do not
vibrate.

Hix) FR wee. AMR KIS, h

APia] ER MH. FA Heo
h [x] is a velar voiceless fricative.
It is produced by raising the back of the
tongue towards the soft palate, and letting
the breath come out through the channel
thus made. The vocal cords do not vib-
rate.

t. $2 Combinations of Initials
and Finals

15
 ‘ 3]
cH
ft Sole sei ei ao Ou
EE
b bai bei bao

p pai pei pao pou

m mali mel mao mou

f fei fou

d dai dei dao dou

t tai tao tou

n nai nel nao nou

| lai lei lao lou

*, #4 .Drills

1. PY4s~8i—} The four tones

ni ni ni ni Saeae
hao hao hdo hdo ——
kOu kOu k6u k6u ns
bai bai bai bdi a
diel
héi héi néi héi eo

géi géi géi géi ae

\ai lai \di Idi BB
eee Sound discrimination
ge ke ke he ge ha

gai - kai gei kei kao hao

16
 dai tai dao tao dou tou
bai paige bei pei pa bao” pao
gao- kou kai gel gou kao
ao pA | 1
3. PRA
FF HEI Two syllables pronounced in succession
nl hdo ta| hdo ta ldi ta géi
bu lai bu géi yi ldu ba ldu

4. wl i\jx% Character learning

wv v

A: AR 3F!

BHR aF

+, iff Notes

1. ASSP
AE EM, W-T+RRRAXPR. Pilg:
nY hdo ——> ni hdo,
A 3rd tone when followed by another 3rd tone is pro-
nounced in the 2nd tone, e.g. “nY hdo —~>ni hdo”.

2. —- PHM AAT RAT ENCE AAT Ss

pete HP AE Bec CAM EKA) LE. Pilkn: hao, bai, héi,
kéu,
When a final in a syllable is a compound vowel (a diph-
thong or a triphthong), the tone-graph is placed above the
main element of the compound vowel (the one pronounced
more loudly and clearly), e.g. “hdo”, “bai”, “héi” and “kdéu”.
Z 17
 A. we # Table of Chinese Characters

luk ae Cae
ARS sae? ce)

at ele 4) ee
2,tei a CL k &)
ig s5 hee Ia)
oa e. i), Nee eres ch),
 45—i Lesson 3

—, S16 Dialogue

Ni héo!
How do you (sing.)
do!
Nimen hdo!
How do you (pi.)
do!
Mang ma?
Are you bus:~
Hén mang.
Ne Lh Saha

—. Aiwl#n7Z2
wT NewSe Words and Chinese ery
ee
Characters Chins p27
.
a ore
ares
Lnimen CR) HARATY.—--you Cpl.) “2 x
. mang (#) te busy

ania (3) vil, an interrogative particle

hén al) 4 very

ao. Hon difficult
6. kdn to look, to have a look
 7. léng cold
8. ddng to understand
héibdn blackboard

=) 4 Finals

an en ang eng ong

py, #£¢ Combinations of Initials

and Finals

NK 8
pao ae an ° en ang eng ong
by as We ;

b ban ben bang | beng

p pan pen pang | | peng

m man men mang meng ¢

f fan fen fang ‘feng 7

d dan den | dang deng dong

t tan tang teng tong

n nan nen nang neng nong

| lan lang leng long

g gan gen gang geng gong

k kan ken kang keng kong

h han hen hang heng hong

20
 H, #2 Drills
1. PU4*~8jH The four tones
mang mang mdng mdng ae mang
hén hén hén hén — hén
nan nan ndn nan aa nan
léng léng léng léng ——. léng
d6ng déng déng déng a dong
2. #77 Sound discrimination
ban bang dan dang

pan pang tan tang

gen geng fen feng
ken keng \ pen pong
nan > nen © han hen

lang leng mang meng

deng dong neng nong

3. 4478 The neutral tone

tamen ta de gége didi
bai dee héng de lai le mang ma
nimen ddng le hdo ba léng ma
da de yifu © ; mutou bdnfa

4. = iho2si] Changes
of the 3rd tone
gao ~ di 7 |
hen |nan mang t
hao léng
dd pdng |. 6
21
 ni
|
|s i
i d

k n gan

5. Bizkit) Read aloud the following short sentences

C1PrA: NY hdéo!
B: NY héo!
NY mang ma?
Hén mang. NY mGng bu mGng?
Bu mang.
(2) Nan ma?
Bu nan.
ee
on
a
cash,
Ddng le ma? (Do you understand?)
B: Ddng le. (Yes, I (we) do.)

6. WU Character learning
A:
Tea
B: ARAN +7
je?
WRC
7X, (ERE Notes

1. (his BALE RA LB ME, BAAR

VS. Pilko: nimen,
There are some syllables in common speech which are pro-
22
nounced both weak and short, known as the neutral tone which
is shown by the absence of a,tone-graph, e.g. “nimen”.
2. 5 = FS TESS —, AB ee a, BR OK
=F, Wize JRBRR Fe BS = FAY BT 7 BEAL
When followed by a Ist, 2nd or 4th tone or most neutral
tones, a 3rd tone should chang2 into a half 3rd tone, that is,
a tone that only falls and does not rise.

+, 3% Table of Chinese Characters

Be CA Se
me Se
D) ho if (: ne if ) yan

“Ce AALS SR BS eeere

peo ates Paine Ee id Zz)

23)
 dh gz kee

di Lesson 4
wee Ute
—, Sif Dialogue

NY hdo!
How do you do!
NY hao!
How do you do! peat?
A: Ni shéntY hio ma? Afew osaepete eal
How are you?
BE Hén hdo, xiéxie.
v“7 Fine, thank you.

—. A iAiZ@ New Words and Chinese

Characters

. shéntyY (4) yt body, health

 xiéxie to thank

lid Bo six
qi () + seven
jit () JL nine
xido (%) J» little, small
ta (A) 4 he, him
tdmen (1) HE ATT they, them
ba kéqi (foes Kuh chee you're welcome, don’t men-
tion it, not at all

=,
— | #f} Finals

ia ie ido iou(-iu)

PU, yah Initials

(1) 4b (2) Bt (3) RE

Tongue-position Holding breath Releasing breath

25
 j [te] FMM FER ERS. HHMI, FRU
Pa EY CURE AATETBOPa Pa BIS TO eT FA A te 0
j [te] is a palatal unaspirated voiceless affricate. It is pro-
duced by first raising the front of the tongue to the hard palate
and pressing the tip of the tongue against the back of the lower
teeth and then loosening the tongue and letting the air squeeze
out through the channel thus made. It is.unaspirated. The vocal .
cords do not vibrate.
q[te‘] IPA TE OR IG ij ER IE To
q [te‘] is a palatal aspirated voiceless affricate. The posi-
tion and manner of articulation are the same as those of j.
The only difference is that it is aspirated.
x x [es] Aim, Hee. SMHS
WS AEE , “Cite MS Te it A ESae PSTa]ES of oH
Fut DIR
x [¢] is a palatal voiceless fricative.
It is produced by raising the front of the
tongue near (but not touching) the hard
palate and letting the air squeeze out. The
vocal cords do not vibrate.

sh sh [s] GRaw, wee. GREE,

FOUL WETS, Unt WS RS BS ia]PT
tit TSHie 3 0
sh [gs] is a blade-palatal voiceless fri-
cative. It is produced by turning up the tip
of the tongue near (but not touching) the
hard palate and letting the air squeeze out.
The vocal cords do not vibrate.
 ti, HF Combinations of Initials
and Fina!s

die giao
AD SLA

> zie Kido

sha| i) shei shao shou! shan iy: Ishong| sheng

7, 4B Drills

cf. YU4- 7414 The four tones

shén shén shén shén —— shéntT
xié xié xié xié _ xiéxie
jig liG fit lid = lid
gi gi gi gi ——— Gh CA
jit jiG jit jid — jt joe 7
xiGo xiGo xido xiGo p77 xiGo Pos oe
2. HE Sound pe po me, pe pal Os
tte sinc (ere
jiji gig! jig? t ehaexigi Geos kigi -ee
_ fitt gitt xiti tijT_» ve ae a
ag
a ot ior
get ee thew Naan garde rg | pe
 ji jixié jiaqT jiéqid
qu qr iy ju
xo xT are PF qa
ze iw] Disyllabic words

(1) #—jyegns—-FR Ist tone plus another Ist tone

FEijT aeroplane
fdashéng to happen
jidotong traffic, communication

(2) @®—yAjnss
— FA Ist tone plus 2nd tone
jrji active, positive, energetic
jiG you to pep sb. up, to come on
ydoqia to demand

(3) #—yFAjns—Fa Ast tone plus 3rd tone

gGngbi fountain pen
héibdn blackboard
shéntY body, health
xidly to repair

(4) @—pAInAPUFe Ist tone plus 4th tone

* kOngqt air
jiddn _ » henss\¢ee
” shéngdido tone
xtydo need, to need
: (5) B—yans47a Ist tone plus neutral tone
boli glass
xIGoxi news
yifu clothes
» geexitxi | rest, to take a rest
 4. WFWik Character learning

A: dei
te 3?
B: ue Ie 5

A: th SAF 9

+, (ERE Notes

jou TT dna BENT Swe -iu, ld: Wid, fit, IES RE

pCa oe
When preceded by an initial, u” is written as “iu”, e.g.
“lit” and “jit”, and the eee is placed above “u”.

ie Fl Ue CWS TPA e fF [€].

“e” in “ie” and “tie” (See Lesson 5) should be pronounced
as [e].

3. ia, ie, ido, iou AME Hh SB ya, ye, yao, you,

Standing for a syllable by itself, “ia”, “ie”, “iao” or “iou”
is written as “ya”, “ye”, “yao” or eae respectively.

4. U Kh UPAR MEA j.q. x FAR, 0 Ea

# 7 |
When appearing after “j”, “q”? and “x”, “U” and the
finals beginning with “U” are written as “u”, with the two dots
dropped.
29
 A. Wx Table of Chinese Characters

30
 a3 Te =©Lesson 5

—, if Dialogue

5 eg Nbrer | : a? }

NY xuéxt shénme? Yer 7 &

What are you studying?

W6 xuéxf Hany.
I am studying Chinese.

Td xuéxi shénme?
What is he studying?

Ta yé xuéxf Hanyt.
He is studying Chinese, too.

31
 A: Hanyti nén ma?
Is Chinese difficult?

B: Hdnyti bu nan.
No, it “isn’t.

/
i

—, A:iWlfayZ= New Words and Chinese

Characters
7
yeche- 1. xuéxi
Fanaa a 4“

(f) FF to study, fo learn

2. shénme COGEeA what

3. wo CR) FR I, me

4. Hanyt (4) DG Chinese (language)

oh SOR VO (al) too, also

6. women CR) AMT we, us

to ask

to answer

right, correct

= HEE Finals

ud uo ual Tei
udn uen(-un) ‘ugng ! ueng
Ue Uan un

32
py, pees Combinations of Initials
and Finals

duan

tuan

nuan

luan

gui guan

kui kuan

hui huan
—

shui shuan| shun

 , #4
PUA FAH} The four tones
xue xue xue “ue ——) >xuéxt t).
wo wo wo wo —— wd, womenw

yu ya yt yi —— Hanyit che
torr’

yé yé yé yor eyo
wen wén wen wen —— wen

hut hui hul hut —— huida

duT dui duf dur —— dut

yeee Sound discrimination
qu qit qa qid
jd jit tay ju jiv
xu xid Ax xu < xiu
wan wang wén weng

kuG gud kudi gul

gudn gudng kudn kudng
pple jGn xin SAbe un quan xuan
7248in] Disyllabic words Chor

GQ) SoA MBF 2nd tone plus Ist tone

gudjida country

yuanguT compasses

lOutT staircase

maoyT woollen sweater, woolly

Q) SS—Ams— f= = 3
Ved 2nd tone plus another 2nd tone
tuanjié to unite, unity
tongxué classmate, schoolmate

34
 ydujG post office
lanqié basketball
(3) #— ein=FH 2nd tone plus 3rd tone
niGndi milk
pijit _ beer
quantl Serkw r all, entire
youldn to tour, to go sightseeing
(4) —Fa
nA PGFs «2nd tone plus 4th tone
xuéxido school
xuéyudn institute, college
hanjia winter vacation
yGkudi pleasant, happy
(5S) #—FagnHPA 2nd tone plus neutral tone
péngyou friend
pitao . 2+) grape
mdantou steamed bread
biéde other
4. BHi##i7) Read aloud the following short sentences
A: Nimen xuéxi shénme?
B: W6oémen xuéxi Hanyti.
A: TaGmen xuéxi shénme?
B: Ta&men yé xuéxi Hany.
* * *
(1) w6 wén, nv huida.
(2) Dui bu duf? (Is it right?)
Dui le. (Yes, it is.)
Ba duf.
5. gl ii Character learning
 A: FRAT TA AQ
B: RAVES Miz,
AD RATE JA AQ
BAA FG,

Fy. iE Notes

1. uei, uen Am INRA

See -ui, -un, Pilg, dul, din
(mi), -ui PRPS REA BE, UA PE Ste Te i Eo
“uei” and “uen” when preceded by an initial must be writ-
ten as “-ui?fand -“-un” respectively, 7-25 eo due eeduns tol
The tone-graph is placed above “i” when “-ui” comes after an
initial.
2. u FE—-A BPI ANS
ean P:
At the beginning of a syllable, “u” is written in the
following ways:
ua wd uagn —— wan
uo wo uen ——— wen
ud] ==" Wi uagng —— wang
uel wei ueng —— weng

DEM AT ae u Bom wo
In all the syllables above, “u” should be changed to “w”.
3. Ue,iian, Un AH, S ee yue, yuan, yun,
Standing for a syllable by itself, “tie”, “tian” or “tin” is
written as “yue”, “yuan” or “yun” respectively.

36
, ilx%e Table of Chinese Characters

37
 ‘SSPE Lesson 6

—, 4Zi§ Dialogue

A: NY zudé shénme ne?

What are you doing?

B: W6 xié Hanzi ne.

I am writing Chinese characters.

A: TG zud shénme ne?

What is she doing?

B: TG nidn shéngci ne?

mw AS
She is reading aloud the new words.

Af

A: T&men zud sh3nme ne?

What are they doing?

B: Tdmen ting ltyTtn ne?

They are listening to the

recording.

38
 Ae iF ~=New Words and Chinese
Characters
‘
Zud (a) VE to do
ne a modal particle

. xié s+ Ny (3h) eB to write

. Hanzt ( 4) re Chinese character

. nian (Gh) A ; to read aloud

. shénget Sten 4) z ia new word

#etang to listen, to hear

. IG yin ‘ to record, recording

. ér R (a) =. | : two

san A) = : three

11. st Sazuh (&) four

42. zdijidn = ae good-bye

it {1
er .ce rA

ian in jong ing iong

39
 py, 7H: Initials,

C1) Ee (2) BA (3) RF

Tongue-position Holding breath Releasing breath

z [ts] GR A
AREA BERS. RANGE,WE
Beate, RG IPS, LEAD A es i BD 23Bi HH OK
RGA.
z [ts] is a blade-alveolar unaspirated voiceless affricate.
It is produced by first pressing the tip of the tongue against
the back of the upper teeth and then loosening it and letting
the air squeeze out through the channel thus made. It is una-
spirated. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

c [ts] GAARA Re. RAB 2 Fe, BR

FR To
c [ts‘] is a blade-alveolar aspirated voiceless affricate. The
position and manner of articulation are the same as those of
z. The only difference is that it is aspirated.

49
 S[s] BARA wey, SRR PA S
A Udi MS TP BER ET) Ee iT
s [s] is a blade-alveolar voiceless fri-

cative. It is produced by pressing the tip

of the tongue against the back of the lower

teeth and letting the air’ squeeze out from

between the blade of tongue and the upper

teeth.

ti. $e Combinations of Initials

and Finals
 : \ i . . . .
ya NS REL tan in iang | ing iong
EE
j jian jin jiang | jing jiong

q gian gin | giang| ging | giong

x xian xin | xiang} xing | xiong

Fx Se 4. Drills

PU4-;aH The four tones

ZuO Zu6 zud Zud —— zud
xié xié xié xié —_—— xié
zal zi zy ZF —— Hanzt
cT chy cj cY cT — shéngci
nian nian nidn nidn _—— nidn
ér ér ér ér — ér
san san san san —— san
oH si si st —— st
GC \
2 OF idin ZGi zai zai Zdi —— zdijidn
¢

Wee Sound discrimination ), Lr,

>
wey
vA
f
“yy
zi Bu ="
rhe rti
hdanzt shéngct
On te Pi hie by.
Zud cud zud cdo “Zud cud
zo => citer} o xt zd0 6 a” ba cho
zai Ase cai _p+xiGnzdi-'S \y/ — gangcai
——

zéng céng zéngjia . céngjing

pe m Ze ?J Ss AM eo “
zin ctn zUnshou cUnzi
oy
‘
420 “ ~ y th YRHyeu >Use al
3. RH Win] Disyllabic words

(1) 4s = ji w$s—ji 3 tone plus Ist tone

Béijing Oh Ayn Beijing
shéudG Seuer Ve capital
ZG0cGO Zow Cow morning exercises
MEitiCn yaw, 7 le, every day

(2) 4s = Fa Gs — 7a 3rd tone plus 2nd tone

ztigus Pero motherland
lGxing Le chur to tour, to travel
yiyén col 7% language
zdulang Zo<,\“4eorridor

(3) 4s = ja mF —=fs 3rd tone plus another 3rd tone

x¥ zo She 2°’ to take a bath
shéubido Sew 7 “wrist watch
¥ eS
shulgué Sv! A" fruit Swe-
fiiddo Ly Lev! to coach

(4) “= jn VGFs 3rd tone plus 4th tone

youyi Yeu friendship
ging zud hing BoySit down, please. clin 4
céisé /Ja. S¥4% multicolour, colour —
zéofan Zow len breakfast
(5) Ys = 4 maja 3rd tone plus neutral tone
ie?
zGoshang Ze” worming |. 2° oS
yizi y+ =.ua chair
migin ™” re mother (Ms ae
jiéjie yet y*] “elder sister 9 -—} “7 7G es
43
 Wii Character learning

A: ate Ae 7% 1h: é
BRE RF,
A: AMEE?

+, iE. Notes

te for” xe N45 EE AT A

“er” is a retroflex final which can stand for a syllable all

by itself.

2. zi, ci, si MMA SRAICH OO, AER i ka. A

ADDL TEP OCI AN BLZE z.c,s ZJR, WRLA zi,ciysi apy
WIRE | ER BRM Cid,
The final “i” in “zi”, “ci” and “si” is the blade-alveolar
vowel (11, represented by the letter “i”. Since the vowel Cia
mever comes after “ z”, “c” and “s” in common speech in
Chinese, the final “i” in “zi?, “ci? and “si? must not be
pronounced as {i)J.

3. ian, in, iang, ing, iong Rees, yx yan, yin,

yeng, ying, yong,
Standing for a syllable by itself, Ning tang”. “ings
or “iong” is written as “ycn”, “yin” sae “ying” or “yong”
respectively.
‘
44
A, We # Table of Chinese Characters
9

45
 ss -Ei® Lesson 7

—-, 47§ Dialogue

A: Zhe shi. shd- ma?

Is this a book?
B: Zhé sh? shu.
Yess sittis:

A: Nd shi bdo ma?

Is that a newspaper?
B: Na shi bdo.
Yes, it is.

A: Nga shi shénme?

What is that?
B: Nd sh? hudbdo.
That is a pictorial.

/ =. Hilfe New Words and Chinese

pF: Characters

. zhé (48) 1X this

. shi (zh) XE to be
. shi (4) book
 4. nad (1t) AR that
5. bdo pe (4) rite ae newspaper

6. hudbdo Mu °C x) 1) FR pictorial
7. shi (3) -F ten 17
8. zhi paper

Ser chi ry ruler 7

10. dita | oe map

11. bénzi Ren 77%, eves o's epeedveue

=
—— ee| He Fy} Final

old

PU, pakt Initials

ght chin Sishho are

zh ch

Cl) “Es -@) Bt (3) RF

Tongue-position Holding breath Releasing breath

47
 zh [ts] Ga, HER, HERE. GRELEMET,
TEMG 5 WES TAR AE MH. FD Tew)
zh [ts] is a blade-palatal unaspirated voiceless affricate.
It: is produced by first turning up the tip of the tongue a-
gainst the hard palate and then loosening it and letting the air
squeeze out through the channel thus made. It is unaspirated.
The vocal cords do not vibrate.

ch [ts] GAGA, E.R.

RMLs zh —FH,
BES HIE Lo
ch [ts‘] is a blade-palatal aspirated voiceless affricate.
The position and manner of articulation are the same as those
of zh. The only difference is that it is aspirated.

r[2] GRA, thee, RBM

sh —#E {Lr FETE, FRTPEBY.
r [z] is a blade-palatal voiced frica-
tive. The position and manner of articula-
tion are the same as those of sh. But r
is a voiced fricative, that is, the vocal
cords vibrate.

48
 t.. $f Combinations of Initials
and Finals

zh |zha\zhe! zhi| zhai| zhei|zhao|zhou|zhanizhen zhang

ch |chajche}
chi} chai chao|choulchanichen chang

sh hou| shan| shen shang

|sha|shel} shi| shai|shei|shao|s

rE re} ri rao |rou|ran}|ren rang reng| rong

3+, HZ Drills
1. [U4 The four tones
zhé zhé zhé Zhe |):——
shT shi shY shi ——
shi sha shut shi.
bao bao bdo bdo. ——
zhi zhi zhi zhtr —
chi chi chy chi ——
2. #¥#% Sound discrimination

fo zha =| cha: OR zhai

zhan chdn zhang
oY ee oe vow 49
 zhao chao zhé ché
zhu chi zhong ching

bat Brat
z zh i.
z? zht
zOong zhong zéngkusd Zhongguo
c ch Cc.
cdi chai: “Cai yi cai ? chai yi chai
cang chang __cang yi cang chang yi chang
s sh »
Ste shigAm
sdn shan
. RFR ie) «=Disyllabic words
(1) SPU -aInes—ye 4th tone plus Ist tone
midnbdo bread
chényT shirt
a
qiché @ AL Ctr car
zhanzhéng war —f@rlaanyt4
os PUFsOns
— FS 4th tone plus 2nd tone
wenti question, problem
ren réding cordial
shéyuan commune member
U-néirdng content

(3) SOF
ins = 4th tone plus 3rd tone
dashT Atm dA ambassador
wo shdu to shake hands
shangwit morning
xidwt
Oe ev
Sug
Sg
w
vr. As
afternoon

(4) 9SPUP ge pape 4th tone plus another 4th tone.

50
 zdijidn good-bye
~shTydn _~experiment
zhéngzht | politics
~ shénglT victory
(5) Oi 4th tone plus neutral tone
bdba father
méimei younger sister
didi younger brother
xiéxie to thank, thanks
BHIZZziG Read aloud the following dialogue

A: Zhé shi ditG ma?

B:¢ Zhé shi dita.

A: Nad shi chY ma?

Beo.Na shi chi.

A: Zhé shi shénme?

31
 5. Weise Character learning
4q < —

A: 1X 9%?
Bes
Bias yo
x x: 4

A: Ae 474?
Q eS \

B: AR 4h,
a x ¢

Au Ikea At
ee ae es
B. 1X ih,
x x ¢

AD MATA?
~ 2 ex

B: AR xe 5

+, ¢e# Notes
zhi, chi, shi, ri eet ease a FAEE i ZAR.
AA DUBS Ta CII ANE BLZE zh, ch, sh, r Z)a, PLA zhi,
chi, shi, ri FAY HyBE i 2 ee
The final “i” in “zhi”, “chi”, “shi? and “ri” is the blade-
palatal vowel (13, represented by the letter “i”. Since the vow-
el Cid mever comes after “zh”, “ch”, “sh” and “r” in common
speech in Chinese, the final “i” in “zhi”, “chi”, “shi? and Gri?
must not be pronounced as {i).

52
 \. Wx Table of Chinese Characters

etl Cy ar olin &) apek

Hier A Cl) Do AoW) Aya

aA Be he
fo. heen hee) oa ae
| $1 CEI (7 ae HHREL Ply: ‘a 6. Pos
*y

4/ Ak | ACT 31 43 4) RAR AAR

SMe oe (2SOR Yate ee
ee ae)
~ Caged 4S)
ae Boil apa |)
 a Lesson 8

—, 4Zi§ Dialogue

TG shi lGoshT ma?

Is he a (the) teacher?
TG ba shi IGoshT, tad shi xuésheng.
No, he is not a (the) teacher. He is a student.
TG shit na gud rén?
Where is he from?
Tad sht Zhdnggud rén.
He is from China.
Td jido shénme mingzi?
What is his name?
Td jido Zhang Wén.
His name is Zhang Wen.

=, AAiW#ny New Words and Chinese

Characters

. lGoshT (4) # Wp teacher

. xuésheng (4) Re JE student, pupil

nd (48) PAP which
. gud (4) country

54
. rén (AVA person

. Zhonggud (44) 4) China

. jido (sh) vi to call, to be called

. mingzi (4) iy, 5 name, surname and name

. lidnxi exercise, to practise

=, #3) Drills
. 7% Sound discrimination
zh ch
zhidao chiddo
zhuxi chixi
kdizhan shéngchan
Zhongwen chongfén
zh j |
zhishi jTqr
zhidu jishu
shéngzhdang ting jidng
zhéngqué jingqué
ch q
cht fan qixidn
chuGdn yT quantY
chou yGn qittian
chintidn qGnzhong
72hja] Disyllabic words
(1) chifa to set out, to start off
55
 huTchén dust
gongchang factory
zhuGnyé speciality, profession
chuGnghu window
(2) Chang Jiang Changjiang River
l@nchuén steamship, ship
minzht democracy
rongyt easy
liangshi grain
(3) hudché train
hudchai match
zhanldan exhibition, to exhibit
zhtinbéi to prepare, preparation
zhéntou pillow
(4) didnché tram, tramcar, trolleybus
jin chéng to go to town
zhéngft government
shul jido to go to sleep, to go to bed
shiqing thing
3. ——-
=a) Trisyllabic words
liaxuéshéng a student who studies abroad
ddshigudn embassy
bdngongsht office
féijichang airport
hudchézhan railway station
4. PHIRA Read aloud the following dialogue
A: NY shi xuésheng ma?
B: W6 shi xuésheng.

36
 A: NY shi na gud rén?
B: W6 shi ce rén.
A: NY jido shénme mingzi?
B: W6 jido
A: Ta sh? xuésheng ma?
B: T&G bG shi xuésheng, ta shi ldoshi.

5. (ii Character learning

A: fi,3% 2 th9
B RRR EL, BEL,
A: fh2] Ag
BLP BA,
A: tee ek?
BO RREA,
A: tRey
tt Z % F2

py, i: Notes
“AN” HiFAB TE— = Fa TR PH (0), FESS DOF Ba DS
je (b6), Pilgn: bi mang, ba sht, bG kédqi,
“Fx” is pronounced in the 4th tone (bt) when it Henids
by itself or precedes a Ist, 2nd or 3rd tone, but is pronoun-
37
 ced in the 2nd tone (bG) when it precedes a 4th tone, e.g.
“bl méng”, “ba shi”, “bG kéqi”.

Hh. 49 Table of Chinese Characters

Pea
1 ne
fe Be,
haeWR |ep eC
eae
1D aie
oea

4/8 /Ca) oO | w @
es es

0 a
Lily Aenean
Eee

VP

38
ye ii Lesson 9

—, 47% Dialogue

A: Ny hdo!
How do you do!

B: NY héo!
How do you do!

A: Qing jin!
Come in, please.
Qing zud!
Sit down, please.
Qing hé cha.
Please have some tea.

59
 Xiéxie.
Thank you.

Jintidn n¥ qu nar le?

Where have you been today?

W6 qt TiGn’Gnmén le.
I have been to Tian’anmen Square.

Nar zénmeydng?
What is it like?
Ndr hén hao.
It is very good.

=, Ainfnyz2 New Words and Chinese

Characters

. qing please

Ait to come in, to enter

. Zuo to sit, to take a seat

hd vy to drink
cha tea

jintidn (4) ay today

qu (HF to go
. nér (4) AB JL where
. le a modal particle

10. Tian’ Gnmén(+ 4) RET Tian’anmen

60
11. ndr (4) AB JL there
12. zénmeydng (4) EZ HF how

1. zhér Cia mecole here

14. jidoshi class-room
1): sushé dormitory

=,
Se #3 Drills

. “er” FNIL{E# The final “er” and the retroflex final

C16 “erm ef he tinal» “er?
értong children
érzi son
nu’ér daughter
érduo ear
ér ji earphones
érshi twenty
érbdi two -hundreds
(2) JL{t# The retrofiex final
quGnr circle
wanr to play, to have fun with
ydanr hole
huGr drawing, painting, picture
ytdidnr a little, a bit
yixidr one time, a bit, all at once
xidohair child
shdoujudnr handkerchief

61
 2. “= Fea Changes of the 3rd tone
A. #4=j78 The half 3rd tone
(1) Mi — paz —Fa 3rd tone plus Ist tone
gudngbs to broadcast, broadcast
to perform, performance
lorry, truck
raincoat
to spin and weave
already

(2) os = FaINS
— 3rd tone plus 2nd tone
yanyuan actor, actress
youming famous, well-known
qi chudng to get up

Iftang auditorium
liixing ~ to tour, to travel, trip
zongjié to sum up, summing-up, summary
(3) tA = panes PFA 3rd tone plus 4th tone
tYyd physical culture, physical education
bYsdi contest, competition, match
ganxié to thank, to be grateful
fdngwén to visit, to pay a visit
kdosht examination
fduding to negate

(4) os = Fa In ae 3rd tone plus neutral tone

xThuan to like,to be fond of
nudnhuo warm
zénme how
sdngzi throat, voice

62
 zdoshang morning
yizi chair
ydnjing eye
B. S=RAMs=e@—
Ho HmMB=j 3rd tone plus
another 3rd tone——>2nd tone plus 3rd tone
yongyudn forever, always
gudngchdng square
zdongli premier
youhdo friendly
yufa grammar
lidojié to understand, to know
Wo =F Three syllables pronounced in succession
jt shéngci to learn new words by heart
xié Hanzi _ to write Chinese characters
ting IG yin to listen to recordings
zud lidnxi to do one’s exercises
pao bai mi to run the 100-metre dash
da paiqia to play volleyball
tT zaqiG to play football
da didnhud to make a telephone call
mingxinpidnr postcard
kan didnyYng to see a film
kan didnshT to watch TV
ting yinyué to appreciate the music
chuGn yifu to put on one’s clothes
ddi .indozi* " to put on one’s cap
64534]% Four syllables pronounced in succession
jidqiang yduy? to strengthen friendship

63
 open and above-boa-d
active and strenuous
to learn modestly, to learn with
an open mind
zhuGnxtn zhtzht to devote oneself to, to be concen-
trated in
cGnguGn zhanldan to visit an exhibition
lianx? shiji to combine (to be linked) with
practical work
méihdo l¥xidéng magnificent ideal
shéhul zhtyt socialism
chuntiGn hud kai to blossom in spring
nig yang chéng qin herds of cattle and sheep
zhuy?t faytn to pay attention to pronunciation
zhuy? shéngdido to pay attention to tones
BHitAiz Read aloud the following dialogue

A:

Seen ke OS Oe
HU
B:

A:

64
 A: Tamen qt nar?

B: Tamen qu Tidn’dnmén.

6. Wii Character learning

A: A RARZ
IBILA
B ARRERENM,
A: ARILA AH?
B: ABJLAR
HE.
DU. EE Notes

“er” AS AOR ECEEE A TLE. SLE

PEBEEROR ZAM “’, Me SELERLS ZEST
OL? AWB). Bilan: wanr(SiJL), hudr Cia
JL), xidohair Ch).
“er” is sometimes attached to another final to form a re-
troflex final which is transcribed by adding the letter “r” to the
original final and it is indicated by the character “JL,” which
follows the preceding one (but it is omitted sometimes), e.g.
wont? CocJb, “hudr? CJL), “xidohair” Ch).
2. 0,0,¢ FAWRVERER EHR DAMM,” eR
inte, ASIRIA. PTS C) BaIF. Bilan: Tidn’anmén,
When a syllable that begins with “a”, “o” or “e” follows
another syllable in such an ambiguous way that division of

65
 the two could be confused, it is essential to put a dividing
mark “’” in between, e.g. “TiGn’Gnmén”.

Fi. Wx Table of Chinese Characters

aS

baie pais thee

ao atl May
ERD Pa eG 3

8 a leek Gs
(|My
=> 4

SS- . o|—
. 2 2
ae 2= 2
+ )

66
 fs+-p ~ Lesson 10

—, 47% Dialogue

NY jid yéu j¥ kdu rén?

How many are there in your family?
W6 jid yéu wti kéu rén.
There are five of us.
NY baba zud shénme?
What is your father?
W6 bdba shi ddifu.
My father is a doctor.
NY mGma zud shénme?
What is your mother?
W6 mama shi lIdoshi.
My mother is a teacher.

67
 NY yéu gége ma?
Have you any elder brother?
Yéu, w6 gége shi gongrén.
Yes, I have. My elder brother is a worker.
NY ydéu didi ma?
Have you any younger brother?
YSu, w6 didi shi xuésheng, ta zdi Béijing YtiyGn Xué-
yuan xuéxf.
Yes, I have. My younger brother is a student. He studies
in Beijing Languages Institute.

—. A j#yW= New Words and Chinese

Characters

So i family, home

. you (a1) Ay to have, there be

iv (4) Jt how many, several

. bdba father

cdifu (4) ke doctor

. mama mother —

. gége elder brother

. gOngrén (Ae RI EO worker

. didi younger brother

Zul (4+, m4) jz in, at, to be (at a place)

. B&ijing (44) JLT Beijing
. ytiyan (4) 72S" language
. xuéyudn (4) 3 iz institute
. Béijing YtyaGn Xuéyudn (4 4)
Ak ae ne = ee sz Beijing Languages Institute

. jiéjie elder sister

. méimei younger sister

=,
—->
#> Drills

. 4474 The neutral tone

(1) #—yajn44fpa ~ Ist tone plus neutral tone
zhudzi table, desk
dongxi thing
zhtshi knowledge
shlshu uncle
ganjing clean
xidnsheng Mr., sir, gentleman
(2) %—yaImPFA 2nd tone plus neutral tone
yéye grandfather
shui de whose
toufa hair
lai le (cne) has come (or is coming)
bizi nose
késou to cough
 (3) 4 = y-aynssps 3rd tone plus neutral tone
hdo ba all right
wdnshang evening
béibianr north
ndinai grandmother
- sdngzi throat, voice
(4) 28 pU-e Ins Pi 4th tone plus neutral tone
tdiyang the sun
yuéliang the moon
yTsi meaning
gudntou canned food
fugin father
wang le to forget
2. = FF4iw) Trisyllabic words
pingpangqiG table tennis
shouyTnjT radio
kéxuéyudn academy of sciences
tdshtgudn library
YihéyuGan the Summer Palace
yéuySngcht swimming-pool
ylimaogia badminton
zhdnldngudn exhibition centre
bdngonglou office building
ddshfgudn embassy
zhdoxidngjT camera
yuélanshT reading-room
z?txingché bicycle, bike
3. DUPRE Four syllables pronounced in succession’
70
 Zéngjin tudnjié to strengthen unity
cGnjid ydnhut _~to go to a banquet
yangé yGdoqia to be strict with
huxidng bdngzhi to help each other
dudnlidn shéntY to build up one’s body (physical
strength)
kéfa@ kUnnan to overcome difficulties
youhdo fdngwén a friendly visit
rélié hudnying to welcome warmly
tly biYsdi athletic competition
weénhud jidoliG cultural exchange
4. BHtAiG Read aloud the following dialogue
NY shi xuésheng ma?
W6 shi xuésheng.

NY zdi nar xuéx1?

W6 zai Béijing Ytiyan Xué-
yudn xuéx?.
NY xuéxi shénme?
W6 xuéxi Hany.
* * *

NY jid ydéu jf kdéu rén?

W6 jid ydu st kéu rén: baba, mama, jiéjie, w6.
NY bdba zu6 shénme?
Baba shi |oshr.
NY mG@ma zud shénme?
Mama shi ddifu.
>
>
>D>P
NY jigjie sht gSngrén ma?

71
 B: Jiéjie bG shT gdngrén, t@ shi xuésheng.

5. Wie Character learning

A: Le TAG?
BREDA, Mees,
A: fi, ABIL J9

B: fi, ab RIES See SF,

PY, W4# Table of Chinese Characters

en creas
ieee!) etl stati
vs Leeee eam aie ly
Ror
avn Fee
BEY ad he aE

fe
Au

23
 wR HO
Classroom Expressions

. Xidnzdi shang ké. Jintidn xuéxi dT ké.

Let’s begin our class now. We are going to study Lesson
X today.
. Ting wo fa yin.
Listen to my pronunciation.
swZai*ting=y1 “bian:
Listen to it again.
Gén wo shud.
Say it after me.
. Zdi shud yt bidn.
Say it again.
. Gén wo xié. Zai xié yi biGn.
Write it after me. Write it once more.
. Zhuyt brhud hé bYshtn.
Pay attention to the way to write the strokes and stroke-
order.
. Qing da kai shi, fan ddo dt yé.
Please open your books and turn to Page X.
. Xidnzdi lid zudyé.
I'll assign something for homework now.
10: Fuxi jiu ké, nidn kéwén.
Let’s review the lesson we studied. Read aloud the text.

74
ne Yuxi shéngcei, yuxt xTn kéwén.
Preview the new words, and text in the next lesson.
12: Xidnzdi tingxié, xin ting wo nidn, r@nhdu zdi xié.
Let’s have dictation now. First listen to what VIl read
and then write it down.
13: Qing ba bénzi jido géi wo.
Hand in your exercise-books, please.
14. Xidwti ydu ftiddo, shui yéu wénti, kéyY lai wén wo.
There will be some coaching this afternoon. Those who
-have questions may come and see me.
EDs MingtiGdn céydn, dajiG zud hdo zhtinbéi.
There will be a test tomorrow. Please prepare for it.

75
 as
t+—ik Lesson 11

RAE.
HRAE
REE ADS
— #k}p243] Substitution Drills —
 em me eee <BR ci
1e 2 ig ial og Ne jee
pe “BK se a Wl roid es
ent 71. vay ath sith ath ae
>a >aly ahh st fume vy Sas
eS eet ie
= >
ta ie ales °
rn pee .
aK WE 1K: RE 4g
0 0 th oka) >

>ke LEE AE
th >)

ag
 stb 1 ok’ vith

78
> Bil a VA Sara I> ee eee he et
oh) a Re ox) «h6)
OR HK vith od sath
or a4
a
N|r\ as | ok
aM) voly vo esd
> >a ose DOK ISK
C )
 ial New Words
(4) liGxuéshéng a student who studies

abroad

(fi) ta she, her

(ft) tamen they, them

(4%) zhi paper

(4) bénzi note-book,exercise-book

(4) gangbT fountain pen

(4) qianbY pencil

(4) zhudzi table, desk

(4) yizi chair

(4) Yingyit English

ti; (24,
Jp) he and, with

a2: (4) péngyou friend

#, Proper names

acai Ding Li name of a person

aes Aly name of a person

i
 beta] Supplementary Words

|Bonen Me2 ip (4%) gdngchéngshT engineer

2. gee (4) hishi nurse

3: Re K, (4) ndngmin peasant

4. KE, (4) yu@nzhiby ~ ball-pen

Eis 2s IK (4) moshuir ink

DY, iy Grammar

1. “27=a(—) “ft” sentences of type (1)

Ce (— I ETE “A Jk BB’, BATBRUL “A 7B
xe B”, fildn: ,
The affirmative form of “3%” sentences of type (1) is “A
#2. B” and its negative form is “A Aft B”, e. g.
C) feeFe
2) XAG,
3) AS FE
4) RA Ai,
2. Keial4y (—) Questions of type (1)
Being (—) (HR BE ERA i Oe I EB
“Wy”, Bilan:
80
 Questions of type (1) are made by adding the interrogative
particle “fl” at the end of-a declarative sentence, e. g.
CD) th 72 oFEA?
2) RS?
(3) tee 3 LIES?
4) RATES 2

TERE ytd shtyt’ Grammar Terms

1. Sx kénding affirmative
2. Ase fouding negative
3. BRR chénshili declarative sentence
4. Sela yiwénia interrogative sentence, question

YE Notes

Q “hh NBER th’ Sé4— FF. TEE, RASH R

RBA, “twWVRRALK.
“th”, a personal pronoun, is sounded exactly the same
as “4th”. In writing, “ft” is used to denote a male person
while “ith” a female one.
@) Ei AN? ARE Bed Ce A HY, EE
426 5)Aa) te BR > a £26 Tl BY 1 BG7
The conjunction “ff” can only be used to connect
nouns, pronouns or nominal constructions, but not clauses.
It is seldom used between verbs or verbal constructions.

81
 lie
#3] Exercises

1. 42 PFI GR ec Reel 4y(—); Change the following de-

clarative sentences into questions of type (1):

COAG EL
2) the
¥ BLA.
G) Jl Ee ee,
(4) XW,
(5) AB
45 Z
(6) 1X ve1) HR,
() KRRF
(8) BRT.
. F2FB PA Pil [a][A]. Answer questions after the follow-
ing example:
fil Example

KAM? (82)
XARA 1X BZ,
CD) RAT YH? CA)
2) Re RTS? GT)
(3) KAY?Ch)
(4) AB ey IRS? (5)
82
 (S) toe BVP? CBF Az)
(6) tere DAM? (KK)
. ARPRUE
SC C=) [el 4 fa]. Answer the following questions
on Text (3):

Chie)
oe Tate Ae?
ie
pe tA >
3) TAFAIRES?
OM 2ZePAAS?
iby Be KS?
6) MLPA?
(1) T 7) Fol BMP IL SF A?
. BRIE S POISE TERRE HLS:
Read aloud and copy the following dialogue, paying special
attention to the pronunciations of the characters and
giving the tone-graph for each of them:

T: MRF!
ay, RAF
T RAG FES?
MT, RFE
T: TRE A?
ete
83
 T theta 4 F?
MT, RAMLZ,
ARE JAPA?
ty, RPIMB, HRLAG ey.
T:RRABSPA, RAV SRF
MRT ARF?
are
te Utes
4) He?
T: RF IRE
te eA IL SF A?
T: RAKES FRF A.

. ARPES BHF: Put the following phonetic transcrip-

tions into Chinese characters:

shéngci oes
face xuésheng 1 Hany
lidxuéshéng east,

bénzi Pee
Ongrén
F< zhudzi A} aes en
: Zhonggud rén
yizi

84
 yb Ge Table of Chinese Characters

|
oy
wr I ra ec e nte ee.
Stee AEA EN
Bee Se ee a
oni atente ee)
8) 4t | (45)& |

| AoE

85
 F
r)

Wei ews TAA)

tp

atsh 3k)
12 Fa ieee # )

13 | A

14 ese byes

86
 a --—vE =Lesson 12

—, BRAY Substitution Drills

87
 et
ie)

C )

89
 BAUME, REPRSAGRE,
Vv —

RAO) EG EB I, aay

=, Ein) New Words

1, Ze a (4) zazht magazine, periodical

2. ya] He (4) cidian dictionary

3. BI (4). dita map

A. P ae (%) Zhongwén Chinese (language)

Se SR >i (4) Yingwén English

sae (A) Fawén French

90
 (4) shijié world

(4k) shut who

(3) de a structural particle

(4) xuéxido school

(4) jidosht classroom

#, Proper names

Wang a surname

Ma a surname

*bFe Ein] Supplementary Words

EAL (4) XibGnyGwén Spanish

| hy 4a to (4) Alabéwén Arabic

(4) Riwén Japanese

(4) Déwén German

(4) Ewén Russian

Py, Hy: Grammar

li ie rhe attributive
CBEZCEMAMN, REHM MAM De. Bia,
91
id, CAMBRAI. C-LRRE PDH. Bil
an:
An attributive is an element mainly to qualify a noun and
what it qualifies is called the qualified word. Nouns, pronouns
and adjectives etc. can all be used as attributives which must
precede what they qualify, e. g.
CD tere P BZ.
(2) 3X 7e 4R 1189FAK.
GQ TAM LRH A,
2. ERwin“? (—) The structural particle “fj” (1)
ial, EI Re UR RAI , ET AOD eZ lal 2
SBSH”. Pilgn:
When a noun or a pronoun is used as an attributive to
show possession, the structural particle “fj” must be inserted
between the attributive and what it qualifies, e. g.

YD XKRESIMPVARS,
(2) ABE RAY 7] Be
3. Selal4jC—) Questions of type (2)
BEA]A) (—) ze FARE TEIN. DIBA RAE
SEIS En. WIA Tea FARE AC ial49 Ry SEla] LAN YP, FEI
AP SEle]A)FB, SeTAYAYfeETS, BETA ialae Ze EB ie BE; BElA
Fee BSE» RETRY Te CE SSE E+. IRM:
Questions of type (2) are such ones in which one asks
questions with interrogative pronouns. In all Chinese senten-

92
ces, including questions of type (2), the subject as a rule pre-
cedes the predicate. In questions of this kind, the interrogative
pronoun is placed where the subject is positioned if it is
asked about. Similarly, if the object is asked about, the jinterro-
gative pronoun is placed where it is, e. g.

HE eR ANT HS BP?
|Z AAG EI

¥ Ae, Fe VE?
(RELIG,
(HAR MEWAFT?
sheet Mert,
JEIERIZ ytifa shtyt Grammar Terms
1. 4 zhtyt
u subject
2. ifi= wéiyt predicate
3+ IS dingyti attributive (modifier)
4. HLDie zhdngxtny wt qualified word
5. Z&%j Bia] jiégou zhtici structural particle

YE Notes

® “KiB HPRDURMIES. thee bls Resta eA

Ba. “Pe”? ham BAK RW RR SS
Bildn<2# ADB”, “PSCSF. TRARDAENS HH, wacynseh
SC” BAB x PABP SAC”, EAR, “WLI AS Pe”
PAA AG TG, ATTA Pl Fe PE HD Hd AE
93
FT RAN Hh OBIEAAs READ IMEI TSR?
3, EBT.
The term “j¥j%” denotes the language of the Chinese
Han nationality, and it is also the language used in common
by all the Chinese nationalities. “rc” denotes the written
Chinese or the language and literature of the Han nationality.
For example “Wis”,
“rac ijfR” etc. By reason of habit
in the past, we can also employ “Mx3¢” to cover the above
two meanings. In recent years, however, there is a tendency
in the division of “jZj#” and “ra3c” which becomes more
and more obvious. Thus in this textbook both “jvjz”
and “ry” are used according to the different shades and
meanings explained above. Similarly, both “#ej#” and “Fix”,
“EJB” and “sky” etc. are used respectively.

Hh. #3 Exercises

1. ity PFI PI-3E%y: Make sentences after the following

examples:
fil C1) Example (1)

7a] 3h RK
IX He WY 7a]Bh?
1X EARAY 74]BE,
Cl) Ae x. kth,
(2) Re,
OP Ar eh G
94
 (4) Wy ae.
Cuter ok Ae.
fil (2) Example (2)

Fy 4 #R
ARH AG?
ARAN 2 th, ABFA
AB HE 0 A?
AR 4hRA,
BY
©Zoe ee te
No Soong a,
(3) (7S i] kt74] th
4 ?- Bh A He IR we A
_ FAYE RARBG) FABETA CALERA:
Ask questions on the underlined parts of the following
sentences, using interrogative pronouns:

D KeRW RA,
(2) fe 2 HAA,
3) TARARWM A,
(4) Ae RIE,
CSyane J} 2c. ee
95
 (6) KIL AAT F HR
1) RAKLEBAR,
(8) PRAPFEVRE,
3. Hiv PRSc (=) Ala: Answer the following questions
on Text (2):

Ch) Ais Be?

2) eee JAPA?
3) Te PIL 32
(4) Te HE?
(S) Hay AAA eB BA?
(6) Heag AAA AIA?
1) KEW RE?
(8) Ap re te a) aE?
C9) He RAT 09 BP 2
(10) ee PB A SIP?
4. BURIED
S PIMs Jt LS:
Read aloud the following dialogue, then copy it out, giving
the tone-graph for each of the characters:

A: ARAF!
B: RAFI
A RAL RE S FS?
96
 BR, RESTS RHE AD?
A RA, RYMALESS RYE,
B fRag AMI ALF?
AS tae ss) 3
B: fe AP A?
A: AL A]F
RIE,
B: HeALATA BVP?
A: EVAR re Ae BF
5. AYES Sy, Put the following phonetic transcrip-
tions into Chinese characters:

._. ( shéngci shénme

iq)\ cididn
a cid zs( zénmeydng
Fie y Se

Zhongwén xuéxido
30.4 Yingwén | xuéyudn
( Fawén |xuéxt
xuésheng

KX. we# Table of Chinese Characters

Ze | (42)Yt
oF Gee
tre Ree
97
 aL,
CH) 4 1 AB
sre y &)
ey)

Me OA. VA Aa AE)

98
99
 2-1-7 Lesson 13

UeA JLAw AiR

RAFYA ByAB
WA RLR SE.

—_ #&p223] Substitution Drills

 & &
I ae
Za)
> >4w)| sath
fe) We =H

Load Bik
nay aR
BK
fa]
[XE

sgt (4B HK Ae
I

eA BR oth Mh
sth
- ANC oat
A
1a

rg vd
4K tp

101
 —-
—) LOG eal EXE

4 Vv Vv

A: he ec
Do at onl oad id
oS oof ial iad

ae RE RS RE ya
ve Se

B:
4a
es

ee

3 |
vod
ote
ode

te>
>

rs ig rm
| >
x \e 1> i rid. th
C )

102
 Lies, MAK, KS
2a < Hi F fo 4 BR,
=, Ain) New Words

(8) méi not, no

(4) rénmin people

(=z) gé a measure word

(4) waigud foreign country

(4) shijia bookshelf

103
 (%) sushé dormitory

(=) zhang a measure word

(%) hudr picture, drawing,

painting

(4) chuang bed

(zz) ben a measure word

(2) lidng two

(2) zhT a measure word

(iz) ba a measure word °

*#, Proper name

CA Ki 4» <Rénmin Hudbao> “China Pictorial”

&AbFetHEif] Supplementary Words

@ ir (4) diandéng electric light

& or (4) téidéng desk lan table lamp

(4) maoby writing brush

(4) fénby chalk

NF (4) daozi knife

104
 PU, ie iS Grammar

1. “4% “4” sentence

“AP ADMIT E Ea Di“ AVENE IB RI. “AZAR
A. flgn:
The predicate of a “4” sentence is composed of the verb
“4”, which shows possession, and its object, e.g.

(1) eA CAR 1) 4B) g

2) RAKLAR,
“AyD AD ETE
EA Ba 0 a “VE”, TAS EN”
PilBn:
The negative form of a “4” sentence is made by putting
the adverb “73” instead of “AX”in front of the verb“4”, e.g.

(3) BIL AKA Rif 4k»,

(4) HEL A EK 14) KR fo)

2. &RBiWfEz@IeZ A numeral-measure word as the at-

tributive
ant 4 iad 5 BE Bi), — ei A Bid ZA _L ei
fil Rn:
If a numeral is used as an attributive of a noun, a
measure word must be inserted between the numeral and the
noun, e.g.

RAZR SR, Chie RASH”)

105
 2) MRAP F EZ. BAUME TAR”)
DREW AW, RMA AC REN Si. PilR“A
“a5” “Tm SEND Bin); “RAE “ERE” “EEOea; “SK2
FAC “Hy OSE AY at Tal5 CK” FE” “As F-? E S Tal . A alle °C

He lalDyFA Ye le)
In modern Chinese, every noun, as a rule, has its specific
measure word. For example “Ax” is the measure word for “45”,
“TR” etc.; a for bp bps> py Bee» etc.; aay» for Kye»

“He etc.; “A-” for “S27, “A? etc... OF. all the measure
words, “ 4~” is the most extensively used.
3. Sela) ftin“JL” The interrogative pronoun “JL”
HEIIS4
UL PROBES, ROUL?. WLR ER
Ta], PrUA TEL An 1B ti ty A talZ Malt Se ee ta], Hilden:
When asking any number under 10, “JL.” is usually used.
A measure word is necessary between “JL.” and the noun it
qualifies since “JL” stands for a numeral, e.g.

C1) RRILA RE?

> wy

(2) TRAIL KARE?

TeYERIZ ytifa shtyt Grammar Terms
1. ial mingci noun
2. Bin shuct numeral
3. tial lidngci measure word

YE Notes

© — HRAZB—
WRG HAO
PHah .ey
106
fy at, <P sili: <— WR Cyt kay”, <4: i
FEI A , A”
5 DOR ,Giln:<— aR, «>
4E (yt nian, <— #27,
Originally “—” is in the first tone. However, if it is
followed by a 4th tone or a neutral tone, which is an original
4th tone, “—” is pronounced in the 2nd tone, eg.
= ee (yi ké, one class), as #=7— if it is followed .by a
syllable in another tone, “—” is pronounced in the 4th
Tone, 26. 2: « ae? = fe (yt niGn, one year), oe Ne etc.

ey»
@ “PANDY 2/7. PERTTI BG? NF
Both “=” and “fq” mean 2. When 2 comes before a
measure word, “jj” is used instead of “—”.

#4 >] Exercises

1. FO PWR ORS FP be SA ial:

Write in Chinese characters the following figures and give
a proper measure word for each of them:

D2 LF Q4 #74
3 WA (4) 2. 4-7
eee ete
28 6) 2 Mz
CT) 2 i: (8) 2. #A
2. FARE TES IFIED Fl to ok MeRETA AC — )
Fill in the blanks with proper measure words and change

107
 the following into questions of type (2)

i] (1) Example (1)

KR AIWF.
IX JL FettF?
(ket KULR,
2) RX PLAR,
Cheer (os = See
4) PRA BR.
() k& Z—-_} B.A,
(6) ARQ PRIA,
Gi] (2) Example (2)
RA FAB,
ARAL ILA 5?
) RAR WE,
CGAYhe ee
G) WIAA TA TAR,
4) a ALAse
Bl Ace
G) LZ VF AA BIL,
(6) Tic A etAy
. 248 PFI PIAlal: Amswer questions after the
following examples:
108
§i] (1) Example (1)
TRA? AT)
RIARK RAKRF.
Cl) 4A ses eh CEA)
(2) eA RIA? OP BA)
(3) Rag AAP HAR G2 (RL HAR)
4) LEMMA RRAR YS? CkLAR)
CS APSA Se ek Te: Seed)
6) DEMARTIAG? CF LAR)
fi] (2) Example (2)
Ale Ay FR EH? CH)
RA RE.
tp ILA FEE?
RA RABE,
C1) thay Bee (—)
QOMEARTS? CS)
3) MARTY? CS)
4 TAA BILB?2 (Ce)
6) £#MABLSB? (=)
(6) BEVAKCAR BAYS? (=)
109
 4. #AYZIRIc(=) Ala. Answer the following questions
on Text (2):

Gd) TAREA?
2 TAWMARPAAS?
3) TAMMAANHALF?
4) 77 JA?
(5) ALA XH?
(6) HLA ILA RX 5?
(7) HLA HL Te]HZ?
(8) RA ILA HK 14] BH?
©) MA RLRES?
GIO aEA SSEbap AA,
C1) AAP KZ?AIL AE
(12) LAP BIR?AIL KE
(13) A Ay YPFRE
(14) ik 22 HEY fg SP
(5) FT BA LIRR, LIRR, Ie FY
ILA 5 RF
5. pie FGM IER:
Read and retell the following passage:

KA LALR IES PR FE, eS

110
aL, ATA, ARM ER, £
KREWEKK,
KRELRKRYW BS, ERA-KR, HK
eT, Ales, AP DR, kP aw
Fo — ak tt HRs Ay
BY,_-. (w&nshang, evening), ©. 3 Ff 3) RIE He
AaRKR LPF -KETWMR,

WF, We # Table of Chinese Characters

oe pag coe a
coeleye
| yt

oe:
ipa ad oe aE ee eas
3] | Car*~
]

4 {oF |g
ot cme ttaa baad
See Se ie tie) Br 7.)
ie | ah lo

yx
 Oe dg

ai
(|| 4 Ce
ee ey | 4
TNS esas

ot Spats)
Pp

Bi: Siete etre

le yeale a ta
ck Gas eeES,
eee on Se
x
US Tae > a
Lt LARle
RL
12) Fe.| 9 |
a Create
era

hi2
 -+- PUR Lesson 14

fey) lee heview: C15)

—, Hoc Text
fi,2%G89
ORL, MATABMA,
KER IL RIES EM EE?
RR ILKES SOSA, MELE
KEEA,
KPRLMEGS?

113
 KZRLUE, KLWESEZEM, B
WELK, REME Cho BIG AF
ZRLWMET, RLA—-KR, KKR
F, dete t, —PBR, —KDRT
7 2,Blo

KARAP
GE
7 —

AA, WPA,
=. in) New Words

ee 5 (4) daxué university

2. Lt aia family
3. i (4%) baba father
4, $i 4m, (4) mama mother
5. Je =F (4) wizi room
6. wW, All (4) diansht television (TV)
7. SEITE (4) Foyt French

# Proper names
1. ae Zhang. Wén name of a person

2. Sea oe. os Béijing Daxué Beijing University

=, 4&2] Exercises

1. Aix PHiw2H: Read the following phrases until fluent:

KKE DRE PHA PBA

REF VRF PASSA HRS H
AGRE VHRR PHL HHA
Newey PAAA, harAA
AWM DBE PHLA RSA
PTHWMA BWA
He, Wy RATT AS FP AK
4 69 BF HON 45
Re A FR ROAM ARF
Ae WY 3 FR He NT 89 a
Alal BM:
2. +eFR PFI Gl] Answer questions after the fol-
lowing example:
| Example

K RKC WB? (TA)

115
 KRRAKLH DB KATA H,
Dx RRB EB? Ch)
2) RKB VP OMS S? (LEV)
G) eM Bay TB? (R&R)
(4) AR RATA FHA? (HEAT)
()KRIASFEMAKEDS? (PHS
+E)
6) tReA RKO FED? CARES
FZ)
. Fa PoE
Bee BET] 4 (—): Change the following de-
clarative sentences into questions of type (2):
fj| Example

RMP] LB,
He My Py B 2
TOTAL F?
C1) i it ee
Q) th SE Te
3) tL5MFF,
4 BBVA FR,
S) £6 AP EA,
116
4. ASA
ae“Yen es. Fill in the blanks using “7X” or “jy”:
DK RRR RK,
Qk ARLAR, KRAKELAEK,
G3) tA KBR, AN,
(4) Wx IPRA, APRA,
CG)ixX xe RMN AS, ABA A fg
a °

Oe RKA, HEE,
NHCAARKRIAET SIR, tH AL

(8) ANTRAL
RIBS FR FE, OR
ARK YFAZ,
PR
Ic lA
5. #RPE la], Answer the following questions on
tne text:

CQ) KC RHE A?
2) KLAR KF OBIS?
GB) ZRTAWRKS?
Kim EE LAG? WBIBRKA
HQ
(S)RLEW BT?
117
 (6) KLAR, LKR. Lett.
JL 45 2 |
7) 4 AY, BLS?
(8) AUF AIPA?
(9) He AYIL ARAR?
(10) Ae Ay FRE?
Q) KIT HBIPLPAAY?
6. Apehese SHI: Put the following phonetic Sa eee
tions into Chinese characters:
C1) cidian shéngci xuésheng xuéxido
(2) Yingyt Yingwén Fawén Fayt
Hanyti Hanzi mingzi ;
(3) Yingwén+—Zhongwén Zhonggud wdigud
(4) Hanyt B&ijing Ytyan xuéyudn Béijing Dadxué
lidxuéshéng
fait Pm facs#
eR: jRead and retell the following
passage:

HTAKS (FDA, PRAGA,

Wie & oP BIBRA DA,
BZTRAPHA, BFA, Bw
ZG
RP AA.
DAME BRM ARM, APT
Hh SAPO RS,
118
 RRBZTHAT, UA -KA, BH
KES, WHT, BBR HY,
Mh, STIA-KYRUA, PHATE
+ A, |

DO, We Table of Chinese Characters

1 Re po

mee
fa ae ie
eee Cyhe RL)
Bees
C4)
tes
“dipneics Sere
Fs
s)elCJ1 vee &
ie oe ee
ROT WF Ry)

119
 a3Fave Lesson 15

BANG BRIRK.
ee ae
KPNI FE,

—, kip] Substitution Drills

boon
| RAY SRB,

N
KRPRRERRE?
KARE,
ise)

120
121
 AP oi] 4Q
“BR «sath
i vd
ae rnd
Es
S fz vatAW
o~

¢ eo)

—
——s> esc 6Text

¢ x aS v ¢ ¢

AD RRA, Mie?
Ss ¢ & ss ¢

B:
RAM, LFRED.
dk Ay ALE
v 7 4 ¢ Vv

A:
ia Hh?
Ss
BA —_

eo) RH RH?
¢

A:

122
 Aga,

Xekmg ee. KARKERE, RF

BATE IMG, KAY ey :

=, Ain) New Words

i oT 7 (7) xTn new

2 ea e (#) ganjing neat, clean

3) 3 (7%) dus many, much, a lot of

4. WE (#8) nan difficult

3S: oe (8!) tdi too

123
 easy
Ss (7) rongyi

ea |r (%) zang dirty

Hee 5)8 (7) jit old

Oe} (HB) nial hard-working

10. HE (4) ban class, squad

aes (4) nan male, man

12. + (4) ni female, woman

13. oy (#3) shdo few, little

4b Zein] Supplementary Words

aes (4)x? department, faculty

2. So (4) nianji grade, year

3. Ft (4) wénké liberal arts

4. 5 Ft (4) like science (as a school

subject), science depart-
ment in a college

5. 4} (4%) gongké engineering course

6. FF} (4) yTké medicine, medical cour-

ses in general

PY, ize Grammar

1. FBR WPiR%) The sentence with an adjective as its

predicate

124
 HBERZMALBAW MAT RECA TIE). DUBE
AWE),
WIR BA bide”. fila:
The sentence in which the main element of the predicate
is an adjective is called the sentence with an adjective as its
predicate. In Chinese, the verb “J” is not used in the predi-
cate of such a sentence, e.g.

C1) W118 KRBIRK,

2) KAUR
F 7)
FE ERR A)BE, fe PARTIR IE A iala a Ta “7”, 3
FAR Zen Fe EAR SLE A WSR AAI AA EVRA, wt
tt ACRE, HAA fii) An:

In the affirmative form of a declarative sentence, the

predicative adjective often takes before it the adverb “4”
which here has almost lost its function as an adverb of degree.
When an adjective alone is used as the predicate, it implies
‘omparison and is usually used in the sentence showing com-
parison, e.g.

OQ) BRAS, eS,

2. UAWPE Wwe The negative form of the sen-
tence with an adjective as its predicate
AMIE WN CCEA tat ok wl ie] SR”. Bil
an:
The negative form of such a sentence is made by putting
the adverb “AX” in front of the predicative adjective, e.g.

ORPETRT
125
 2) RUD P LAAF o
G) ERAFAT.
3. keln)4y7(=) Questions of type (3)

UNE PEE RSW ECRAS EBA MRR TAY

pesca C=). ix APE MIE SEA] 4. Hilden:
Questions of type (3), which are also called the afpr-

mative + negative questions, can be made by juxtaposing the

affirmative form and negative form of the main element of the

predicate, e.g.
CQ) RANT BREAKARKA?
2) WAR RRA?
GB) TAR RAAELAR?
s «Bee AyAA OE A ELE EIA GE, AT AA FE
ah
A “#2” sentence.or a “47” sentence can be turned into
an affirmative+negative question in the following ways:

(4) WL KAA?
6) TAA ELARA?
4. dian{tid (eis The demonstrative pronoun as the
attributive agli

fiat Gk”, “AB SEVER, AiR

we Ai. Bil
a:
When the demonstrative pronoun “jx” or “J” functions

126
as an attributive, the noun as a rule takes a measure word
before it, e.g. oar:

C) ARK 7] RAR ET,

(2) 3X FE HhLRG,
(3) IX SF AE2e IP FA,
(4) BAS ae ARNT ABVP 2

ERIE ytifa shiyt Grammar Terms

1. fRia ddici pronoun
2. BA iA xingréngci adjective

YE Notes

QD APRA E 22 IRIN, SOR UD TA 2d Be SEK, ir AIR,

eH Gill, Cia AA ASA”.
When a personal pronoun is used as an attributive, it
may not take the structural particle “fy” after it if the quali-
fied word is a noun that presents a collective or unit of
which the attributive is a member or kinsfolk etc. of the
attributive.

H. #2) Exercises

1. it; PII PIF), Make sentences after the follow-

ing example: |
{| Example
127
 25) wlyals noeeX:
PATA FARARK «
MONTES FARA Ko
ORE F
2) BT jes
GB) XT oT
4) RF 1E]
O) LF XE
(6) iJ %®
CDOs? sas 5
(eS tte
() 2 OL AF
(10) fq & Js
2. 2 FFIMEGR
ee AeBEN (=): Change the following de-
clarative sentences into questions of type (3):
{| Example
LPR EIRK,
KPREAKTAI
(1)KARFERES,
128
 (2) FKL KIRF
GQ) RAK RIEL
(4) AR GK Kl RS
GS) fe Wy ALASKg
©) TAWMR LDH F,
CT) He re IP GF
(8) Xe 4K WY 74] HB,
(9) ALNTHETR ARS
(0) THA BFS.
3. JA Pim nie on kita tial (ee ie:
Make sentences using each of the following words and a
demonstrative pronoun as the attributive:
fji| Example

129
 (6) 45 3R
Cy eres
Gigs ce.
. ASB? Fn“ >’ KE Pala: Rewrite the following sen-

tences using “4%” and “>”:

ji] Example

panels Teer A, HATTIE A

WF
ropesAW, MANZEHF
F
DRARKBE MALL B
2) RA ZARLEHR, aes
aR.
3) WRASVA,RRABITVA,
(4) XPILAARAEF AE, BREAD
sR A |
GS) THAFKA, RLAARRK,
6) NG FEAAARS, PPE FE
MABRRBAS
. AVES
(—) BIA eM: Answer the following questions
on Text (2):

130
 C1) RAR RK EG?
QUAM REKRAD FERS?
G3) AB HEY HE?
4) te BeERKAK?
(5) IX EAR HE a FP
(6) TRAE NG FAS RSI KG ES
AF? ,
7) RANT FIFA?
(8) HRA 4?
. EH Palliat Min; Give the antonym for each of the
following words:
y

# —
ME ——
a
eo |
_ FR FG CIEMIR:, Read and retell the following
passage:

EHS ALK Hb (HB) IE foreign language)

te wy Bk,
ee KISS
131
 LAP RPEIRS, Ath,
ANRKPFE, BPREAMMNYAE,
RANT BH BIRK RFA,
LUE VPRAEE VP, RAP B
A, TBA, :
EA WRULPRF, A -KRE
7a] BR, He HY 7] RAR BF
RERKEH, LRRGA.

Wy, We # Table of Chinese Characters

133
 b
hi

134
 STAR Lesson 16

RANEAD

WAP LAL,
RARARKL BAL,

—. LEZ] Substitution Drills

135
 aon ds
oe 1K «9 AD
yao
>
wor
|
¢ 4

Z ay EN Tz
a v ~<

RA], MR

al
—") Bac 46Text

v ¢ SS v

B: RAT FF -) De,
S 4 Vv 4 Q

AS 3X RMT
HK ES?
x ¢ A v SS 4 4 ~ 4 >
Be KRARMYRE, A 7A, NN KH

136
a HANH HE AEH F 9
Bes RAA
NEIU
A: Hea HIP 2
B AMG EIR EL KEI,
iN HAN AG 2 ITA I
B ANIAIE, WANT LIE,
A: BL, AME?
B: BE, RAINE JA, ARS, cs
Re, HRI,
cz)

RIAL EAE MEL, WA

BR, WANALER, BI:

FB ths “BleSOs? SAB, “BI

Se b5n im, SRL, BHM, SA

137
a, TAA,

=, Ain) New Words

(ah) tox to review

(ah) yuxi to preview, to prepare

lessons before class

(ai, 4) gongzus to work, work

(a) kan to read, to see, to look

at

(34) shud to speak, to say

(=) ting to listen, to hear

la yin to record, recording

133 +
 8. AY, (4) wanshang evening

9. Se (4) kéwén text

10. 2% SJ (4) lidnxi exercise, to practise
Ge TR (4) ké class, lesson

ibe | ne (4) tongxué classmate, schoolmate

se Ali (Ez) men a suffix

14. fey ‘eee tovask

15. TE) ox (a) huida to answer

#b37E4Eim] Supplementary Worels

1. Axe ie (4) cidai magnetic tape

2. aah 6 (4) hudndéng Jantern slides

DY, j2y: Grammar,

1. shillifi@%) The sentence with a verb as its predicate

WEEE EAWH AT MEDIA D. Bias ai
DRA TRE Soe PR Way). ile:
The sentence with a verb as its predicate is one in which
the main element of the predicate is a verb. In such a sen-
tence, if the predicative verb takes one object after it, it is
the sentence with a single object, e.g.

C1) #441 4E,

139
 (2) RAN A] LE
2 18 ob al TS OY bal ee:
The word order of the sentence with a single object is as
follows:
isa) isla
subject verb object
2. WiWi8ie www The negative form of the sentence
with a verb as its predicate
2) ial BB 0 — BP IB oe £6 He ohtada _L al de)“AN”,
en BBM NRE EA SR BAM:
One way to negate such a sentence is made by putting
the adverb “AY” in front of the predicative verb, meaning
“One does not, will not do sth. or is not willing to do sth.”
CC. 6.9:

OC) RETF IME, RDA.

QRRBRE, RA BAR
ERIE yufdad shiyt Grammar Terms
1. shia dongci verb
2. jz binyti object

' ?E Notes

© Pekar eRe, RAHA Ala. 4b

PROB Aide 2B SAAT”.
“f]” is a plural suffix which can only be used after a
singular noun denoting person. If the plural form is clear in
the context, “{/j” is not used.

140
 ti. 42] Exercises

1. 28 P i My wilt Lei: Give the objects for each of the

following verbs:
fji| Example

RF
BJA BAURX
RIAINF BR Jz
C1) FF 2) fA
(3) A (4)4E
() BH (6) &
ia (8) YY
. BG PS GlF-38
4y- = Make sentences after the following
examples:
fi] (1) Example (1)
a
MEANT AF A?
AAMT A,
CG) 24% 2 #5
3 fa Obes
fi] (2) Example (2)
oP S] DI
141
 NE
ARlA A) LE?
IME, |
RAF
(2) YF Ee
Ch) wW, AL
G) A TR Co (eae)
CD ets (6) & RX
ORM] A 3) mF
{ji (3) Example (3)

OT Re 7 2, DL
Be, LAR OT R e4?
MERBRTKRE, RAB
CQ) SVE XL BF
Q) EH SF) TR > A
2) Sz PS EE
(4) # JID FR BT TR
(6) AIRLR KI
wK AF
. ARPES (=) a) 4 |e]. = Answer the following questions
on Text (2):

(1) KER He ag EP MP ST
AZ?
2) KAMA AKT TR?
3) BVP DEA BEL?
 (4) rE ANIAAye
Ay RT?

GS) 2h)? HEA

(6) Meio,
4. HILDE Sikil: Put the following phonetic transcrip-
tions into Chinese characters:
(gongrén ie (Hanyti ké
\gdngzud t \kéwén
lidnxi tongxué
=) fuxi i xuéxt
yuxi xuéxido
5. BAR PmFi3c: Read aloud the following passage:

BE, OZ
WA ORD AA LOAF,
ABA WES. BAWATFRAR,
BFIRTFS.
M2, 7) ARs!
BWA: tt WZ.
M2,
TRA KITS?
HA: RAF, TRAREAR?
MB, WRF,
TRIER IE?
Hit7, AAT.
Me, SAM ERETA?
HA, RAIA, SRL, SAF
143
 Ke,
HD HR,
yes RAI — #2 (yiqi, together) me Sl AF 7

35? REAM, RH; HER,

AM; RA, KOE HA, AB
7S
= Salo)

WA; 3F,RMN—-BFA,

W, We # Table of Chinese Characters

El? Glee ue Fleelo

get9
CotJ 4
 ieee):Px
Ane
eee SY
Fe ge) Vrcok ova -aic)

ela)
ee By

13) | CR 1

145
 14
ip
[n= #
15

146
 147
> fps « fre
ROMP ok
1) 9)EAP RR
Drills
RAN aap EB
S3-T-Liyt Lesson 17

Substitution PANY) «\B] >> set

AT |2 vid sid vet
>) 1G ak ake
as f EP i. mas
IB] at eek vs fumltee oe ee
oy) « \B] + «eet
FH,
sith

#kip#2]
yh att NB NB]
$b Re] a) ys HEI] sae sad tk ord
. Me Ite] ite pe |AE OE Me te

HANI
oD x See
Le > pil

—,
lee as ¢
 fp aes
— _ —

. sets
ait wt See
4 San,
* 9 Le =,
ate. aS
ahs 1E)

WINE
MHL,Z Ss,

6. ARAN A Be A wy
148
 149
I=

Vath 2th 1
V8 \(i5” pase >a

yo ay
v
|ext
Via] + OT >a \ aT

MERE?
4
Cy OR OK OR

RINE
ine

Ww
4
a4 ovth ME

aN
v
vib vir iE >a

ie,
Io)
|
6M

w
TRE ABIL?
If
if
rf}
BR

RULE,
Ww
4

w
v

A:

A:
RR,
4 ¢ 4 SS

TARA DS
*

( )
 =. Aid New Words
2
(a]) chang often

W, (4%) didnyng film, movies

By 5 Ve (A) tashiguan library

ic) (aq) Jié to borrow, to lend

bn 2 (4) yuélansht reading-room

ped (4) waiwén foreign language

Sib (4) xidoshus novel

ar (ai) dou all

Ee (al) yigi together

R (al) zhy only

iB (3)) huan to return

(4) tongzhi comrade

oe (iz) xié a measure word, some

(#) Gnjing quiet, calm

 ¢b7e4E1a] Supplementary Words

1 —- FR (4) kdpian card

pe aera (4) mili catalogue, list, contents

3. JA (3) tian to fill in

4. 4 a jié sha dan book slip

MY, iy: Grammar

1. 3Rj# The adverbial adjunct

Bid, WA RMA MAE Ti RI. Ble], WA ile aby
Deis. Pilg:
That which qualifies a verb or an adjective is called an
adverbial adjunct. Adverbs and adjectives etc. can all function
as adverbial adjuncts, e.g.

(1) 48 in AR LAK
2) A112
A BE,
3) BPs 7 FAM,
4) Bye BRR,
oe eR Fn “4,” “PR” and ae

“AB ANS 1” esDA 8 FAS elle), AB” PR AS BB AEHEEB

Min Ams. Bild:
Both “#f” and “ti” are common adverbs. What “2,”
sums up usually refers to all the persons or things mentioned
before, e.g.

152,
 C1) TRAN
ABAy we,FD 2 ~

—— 4 Ar o

(2) KB ART SH,

“bay a EI AAT ie. Bilan:
“th” refers to either the subject or the object, e.g.

GQ RAW BE, LAA He.

(81% Referring to the subject)

4) ete P SDWH,
RL it,
(4##21% Referring to the object)

“AB” AN,” 4 BCE Bhi] BOE ATT, ARERR SETA BT. 7B

RET bP WL AR DU “a ET BRE”.
Both “#f%” and “th” must be put before the verb or ad-
jective, but not before the subject. Thus, we can’t say “{h*#
Aid tht FAIA” ,“Aix2ETa BRE”.
“ABFN FF FAY , Ae “te FE “AB EJ Bildn:
Used simultaneously in a sentence, “{i,” usually precedes
ogee e g

(5) WENT A AE , HAM

AL AF A] OLS
3. tia] “te” The measure word “#&”
“Be” Seas 92 HBL HANGS” “AB”, WP SEA. Bilzn:
“Je” is a measure word showing an indefinite quantity
and is often preceded by “jX”,“ff” or “If” etc., e.g.

a
Gos Se
“ie” DRAM “<-? GEA, AAEALIEW BAH. Bildn:
153
 “#&” can only be combined with the numeral “—”, not
with others, e.g.

(1) RAY — Hb nee

Q) ha RE,
IERIE ytifa shiyt Grammar Terms
1. $i zhudngyt adverbial adjunct
2. fall id fuici adverb

7 ~Notes

Q Bid“ A RADHA SD IBA AA ETE.

The verb “4” can also indicate existence besides posses-

@ ali “A? FEF Pap R?, B—. {

“RAPT AERA TEAB?
The adverb “#§” can also be said as “#” without
affecting its meaning, but its negative form “AY%#” can’t be
said as “AVE”,

ti. 4&2 | Exercises

1. 2B ia FE Pia iE pe yf. Make sentences with each

of the following groups of words and phrases:

(esi Key ode oie oe

(2) 52 3% AR pe ie
2). eee ART 92S), ees Meee
154
 (4) Me Fa AR iy B Hi,
FS
ere rh, ish 2free PR
2A
©OPEAxXeA we KE PRA
Ay
(7) 4 a Ase a ea
(8) 1x th 5 TP ARIE
Fe
(9) 45 awa (pte nae
(10) AR 2 Sipe Mi ce
Fe — #2
2. FA “#B” fn “ih? Hees: Fill in the blanks with “#§” or

() kN SRR, RY ES
AR BeAF , 1K HE BEY aa. ae
Or slejeta ee 2 Se SELL,
3) SLB PRAL RASH FA, PEM
ein Ar ee
4) MEAIIA, RE ABIAA,
155
 (5) ER eM RA, Fh a OLS as
RAT HRS
» RR GIFS OF EBA
th AS:
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples, pay-
ing special attention to the use of “#$” and “1”;
{| (1) Example (1)

RR Fol BABY ee aes

Kx G te sid pe eas 8 |ose ae

(1) EBV Fo BBV RAT ABP

(2) Ax Fe te ap Ay FF
~2(3) ck fe] & Fe £ PP) HARK A DHE,

(4) MATH Fe MATE ARE AS,

(5) Ee 2EP > Hh Fe ARAL HP SC > GL A AR
the
fil (2) Example (2) A

RIVET
IT BUTEA,
A, Fo TT BARE SF
Q) TAME SRE, TA a sygwe
EVA
Q) EAD BRIE, RA Hw IRIB,
3) KERM
LAV
A,LUBAE,.
156
 4 JAW BeLRhe, Kh 0g w Aw 7k
*T
(6) ME B,RC
BM EWR,
4. FA“ 40”, “BB”, “ee” “a”. “Ak ae. Fill in the blanks

with aba. bs a ae i ie pti! et? or “nm”,

MEAP, UMPIRE, SBA

YF OU) xian), WA OA RA,
hen 2 BE,
Me FRB, a +B
eo eee, 8 te. Ve) oo. ete
0, Aik 3,
MEERER, MLEPLGR,HA
__ APSR we APR, &
Api, KA it.
mb, BAH A AwAL, e117
—-_ —-# Ax, MLPA Ae
#0 Fo W,AL,
». BITE: Read aloud the following dialogue:

i AB 4%
A:ARIF
157
 Usete ) 59
RiP WIL, KREKAB,
ABIL Z 43?
RRL, ARL DUS?
AL, KM ARKHTRAI ,L A?
RAGA AK,
UR AE AB PR AR 2
RAIL AA,
Up ER TD BES?
eS
ee
eee ERK TDW.
* * *

i ht
B) EK ILA TARE?
APLAR, WAHHLHRE,
Aik REY?
A, AREAL HRA,
1X Hh aR eT HR ES?
1X Hh AR xeFRE,
ILE AH FAS?
ee
Beer
KILAAMRE, RAHA,
158
 A: AU AT KBAR?
Ba okkd hae
UR FE ws Be (hdishT,or) Ay Hy HR

A: AR APR AAR,
B: eae

FW, WF Table of Chinese Characters

‘i Pole eaten rs)

Sacra
ates %
wl ela
®
REO 953.)
alae
|CHI C7 A454) =
Bee se
a Ca 1
7
et es
a Gh Balik Gee

Es
AR | |
|
ae
Ks

fe REI anes ee
CUR re eat)
a Petes 12
 eae re Lesson 18

4g >] (2) Review (2)

ane” RI Text

MAIO ALA MIE, wey HB!

fo HEH Vii,
LAF AMIE RER, RINE TSW,
wi, THE, BRS, WINZIOR, &
AIR, BRM, Seok, HM
PMI, RURB, BKB,
HIRE ee, ES Fo35
&—KiMEE, FF, BIN-RAIKF
PARR: 1 onoeaaa .
Kk, weL MINHA PRSESBU,
Ne RR, WNL,
ER, LRKAD, BPEYYF
ARRED)
YE Notes |

© BADER
AAPEM FACT.
“fth{f]? is used to stand for both sexes.

—, ia) New Words

ft, Midcap. (4) shangwtt morning

eee) (31) shang(k8) to attend (a class), to
teach (in a class), to
go to (class)
162
 ae 7 ze
}2] W oor
(4%) wénti question, problem
4. °F = (4) xiawt afternoon
i 4eh tie (3)) dudnlian to do physical training

6: (2£) hudzhé or

##, Proper names

a = Ae HAR Anna name of a person

2. SOAR Malt name of a person

=,
——™ | Be Grammar

1. Mey
The word order of a Chinese sentence
NeW D AEM AAS EI En IS
fn. ERWEZKO Hie Ai eis, WINER Ma i
Wei IAS PA:
A Chinese sentence can be divided into two major parts:
the subject and the predicate, with the former preceding the
latter. The main element of the subject is often a noun or
pronoun etc. while that of the predicate a verb or adjective
6IC,,. €. 8.

GQ) RAAF AIK LY DH. |

FE PEE ROMAE Bid, “REIKI. WIA
Hp EE Bd Bhi, “hE EN
AORTA, GEICO
BRI. “HORE Eta.
163
 In the example above, “JJ”, the main element of the
subject, is a noun; the pronoun “J¥” is the attributive of “I
x”, “8”, the main element of the predicate, is a verb; “z}y
ji” is the object of the verb “G”; “?k3c” is the attributive
of “/)\i#,; “#? is an adverbial adjunct to qualify the verb
Mee ae

Be IS BARB AE TY Be TR 2 BRI — eB P
OTA ATT. Bi“ FURR” AR BE CE ET BW. BAN:
What is qualified by an attributive or adverbial adjunct

is called the qualified word. In Chinese, an attributive or ad-

verbial adjunct must precede what it qualifies. The adverbs
“i” and “#~” can never precede the subject, e.g.

Q KC BRA -Kap 4h,

(3) MF ARG A, ALS A WRG
vans
(4) 3x43G) EA AMAR,
2. UARWIEIE® The sentence with an adjective as its
predicate

Ce Winie wy AAG. Bilgn:

In a sentence with an adjective as its predicate, the verb
“je” is not required in the predicate, e.g.

C) Bt SRB. ORDER zee)

ZEA aeBYBRR BA a A TAR”. Bila:
164
 in the affirmative formof a declarative sentence the pre-
dicative adjective usually takes-before it the adverb “{f”, e.g.

2) KLM FRAEG,
TELZEA TEWY a 1) ea] 4 HL, — AS AAR” , BRE A
FEE ZR. Plan:
In the negative and interrogative forms, however, no “{[i”
is necessary unless it still functions as an intensive adverb un-
der certain circumstance, e.g.

GB) KLHAFREG,
4) ZERFRHSY?
6) RUA FRAREH?
AEN MR, RIA
aT in “WR”, AA
EE BEA ER
Be file:
In the affirmative form of a declarative sentence, if the
predicative adjective takes before it no “7”, it implies com-
parison sometimes, e.g.

©) BW BRB,
ae RRIF.
Ny
n> We p>
oo

(1) URSA, PUM H,

~ ,
>

3. in) The measure word

Wik BRA -RPRBBE HAM, PRIMA. AN
AW BRA Te ee], BAM:
In Chinese, a numeral can never be used to directly .qua-
lify a noun and a measure word must be inserted in between.

Every noun, as a rule, has its specific measure word, e.g.

— K-35 ae aes Ete Aer

165
 et ANA SOA
Hea MAE CIAL? Eth BI, AI. Bil
an:
When a demonstrative pronoun or the interrogative pro-
noun “JL” is used to qualify a noun, a measure word is nec-
essary between the demonstrative pronoun or “JL” and what it
qualifies, e.g.
JL AA)» Hi, LX Zz ixFF] EX
ABA ALS AR tk 1) JL
Ade ea A AR RR PE. Bid:
The measure word “#&” shows a plural number. It can
only be used in combination with _a demonstrative pronoun or
the numeral “—”, e.g.

1X Ubfa] AR eeHe A
Wi He Ta] Be — 3b HK,
4. j= The attributive
Aid, Rid, BAW, HAMAR RTE EI. DH
AEA ETRY , SERRE EIA DIRK RARE.
CRD OWBKAM, CIM DIEZ Maa wi “Wy”.
Pili: ;
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and various kinds of
constructions can all be used as attributives. In analyzing and
using attributives, special attention should bz paid to the rela-
tionship between the attributives and what they qualify as well
as their positions.
When an attributive shows possession, there is usually the

166
structural particle “fj” between the attributive and what it
qualifies, e.g.
8) RRWKF.
ss.
@ ARES :
e
FRY SSA REM RK
F
BOS RAR a PE Eo PD TE Be
BRPR EL BO IR EY
“A A, Pl:
When a personal pronoun is used as an attributive, “fy”
may be omitted if the qualified word is a noun that presents
a collective or unit of which the attributive is a member or
kinsfolk etc. of the attributive, e.g.
4) RAISEA PEA F
6) HE E Fe 1 IGIGARRKKR,S
©) ERAGE 34?
sR A HELAY ET HP PP
When there are several attributives in front of the noun,
the order of the attributives is as follows:
ARURRAW AI, id—fianKtil—
RE i— KE
HEA IEA Die lin: |
Possessive noun or pronoun demonstrative pronoun-
numeral-measure word the adjective or noun showing
qualification qualified word e.g.

) RBRDKER ARE.
167
 (8) RA AW ABA IA A RAR AF,

4. id? Words

SK SRSRS Tn reGe ee ere

Ae AR AS BFE CE
woe exe
ei FR KF RE WE
Att fae RK ABT
Dg iie: Sasedepee Sa es
2 ReSee 1 Same ies DONE. Mig pf Ee
Hie RE
Hh WR WA BIL
2 DF L TRS ARS) Je]
a Te OBE |
| Ye IPB) BR abe AN
SyPeeller a ws 9SSr aes prt aes
wi we KR Z2£F Le
NE STE IE OE
Ho te sae.
168

gr ders \arni4
 | &a pits Ae #!
Hh, BATT TRA
718 i ud ANT

: ix
a AB es
1k AG IL
"pH Dn # -:
Je. ZZ,He. =;=
MABIL. :
Jt
>

F ane te IG :
: ‘ae | 73 40 tae By xee
|

vs
=
ega7
| * Cige
Cie :Ee
(eaA ee
RE eaBA
st 8
lees co 2 “
>: + |
rN

‘onoan
Fy XR tk — wh

a a
ae
= 7N

Wes

ea. aa
4a] -
B®) G0

169
 17

Kae LR

FL. #2 Exercises

1. ERG4HCAWAZ. Fill in the blanks with proper

adjectives:

BE eas ee
3F ME BD RH F7I
(1) KUMAR
AR gs AHL
2] xe FR > AB AS XE,
(2) RALK DWM, KLAK DB, K
SUNY -Peeae
ect eee
(3) tx eT Ae ae ah A
(4) we ERA J RD. RR,
(9) ARS TB, #3 RK MIA A
(6) we , wR sg AIH E
AB JL,
(7) IOS eee
170
 Famed ER,
(8) 24 fo3, ARE MGS, eA Ap
ABchiva ts
. BCE PFs. Correct the following erroneous sentences:

QC) BFSEeRIGBZYWK, AFRITY

Wr,
Q) KE FA RILRES FRY SY FA,
(3) 44105 4g Se FR re 2
(4) KXPPERAA SFRAKP FF.
(5) ete 3b CARE?
(6) Apa Ale A Bre.
(1) FPR eA, MARRIES
TK
. RRA THWART:
Make sentences with each of the following groups of words:
Dope PX I A th KR
One we 4H Re ez
OW
WAR |
G) Ate * 4 AB RAKE
Nie ate
171
 FR(4) kK Wa a ee
(5) we WM ME A a RMN PK
Ai) 2S Eefo eee ep eS es
ay (as
(7) 16 4 ft BM BRE RA
ANS Theo ary
(8) Tr 4H BR SR te Bok
AS
. Sena PIB: Complete the following dialogue:

A: TIF) TRAMP IL
> LPRAITEMER, tre
KRED?
RUARE, MINA RBR, Milly
EVP RIE?
BL DUS.
LTE
HE FAHE?
eA ES
: FPPERVETT
A?
ings
He
ee ng RRR, FT
WED? .
172
 ARE. MURA?
B: AY, ai
°

5. Sih Pa ehyidi#: Write out words and phrases

containing each of the following Chinese characters:
{| Example

(Aa
ws Fu +_

Ay es

—y Is} iF

6. #4—4H ,jk— ik: «Think and try:

Pil FEHB
A WOM A Ti, BE RE “A
PUP
MLN ETRE A,
Example Fill in the four spaces with the characters “4”,
“in” “4” and “MW” and you'll get three disyllabic words “%
=”, “we” and “jZj#” when read cross-wise and downward.

|
7G
173
 (1) HASH ALS BV OTS BMS TRE ia?

aS
Fill in the spaces with the characters “4x” ,“|al” “24” and
“--” What are the three disyllabic words you get?

f
(2) WAS OBB IVM ATS BRET

EH ile
Fill in the spaces with the characters “"%”, “jE”, “IZ”,
a ae Cay ee aha ma 23hes and P| ee What are the seven

disyllabic words you get?

SS

7. BAR PIX: Read aloud the following dialogue:

Al MRA a RIE KAR KR?
B: AAT AS RAK A>
A: 4p AT oF BE Ag AE FS Ph?
B
: RAN FMA PERS
APH,RS,
174
 WATE SPA,
» EAR A?
“FR ATLR,
: PAAR a Lik 2
we
>>w TPA LTR RAVE FRE
4% A tz.
: UR BE ARS 2
BR SE FAK,
: B EARAVETA?
ee
Se Mm RIM D, AD, AU
RAH Ae AML,

Kx, 3 Table of Chinese Characters

 4) te ORD tS Cae ea)
as
SA ca aa Seems e aren
6 |a

176
 “-T-JLUR ~~Lesson 19

2 EAR HE?
KHERZRM.
3 TR ER ER ZH O92
ROLRZ HH.
178
te)
1p [Xp
re re
Nine fo
$0- <4)
p>
> >
«phy ooh

—s
See
1) [f-}
vrhk vrhd

—)
At “Gr
ke sup

ee EXT
Qe Mo
+ RX
| “M9 »
\ “fh
ee, ae
ADP, RAZR thay rd?
BRA, AMERZEM, FAB,

RHERARAT I? RHE Re
4

a
 C )

old

vie
14K >se
28
Cuca

“h)
«hy

a, Reh —
x v ¢
BS
aW

Het] New Words

—"
ea
——n)

1. 4 (zz) jin a measure word

2. £5 (4%) maaoyT sweater, pullover,

knitted woolen jacket

(%) hong red

(7%) lan blue

(7) hei black

(3) huang yellow

 Fy (3) bai white
. 1 (#) Kaisht or
: 4 IY (4%) cGochéng playground, sportsfield
ral jaz (4) shGngdidn shop

#3 &, (4) cdisé multicolour, colour

ZY (4) haibai black-and-white (film)
; rb (4) zdoshang morning
Bi &, (4) yansé colour
= (4) pido ticket
a ~ Az méi guadnxi it doesn’t matter

#, Proper names

iy = Xido Wang Little Wang

: «4 E] vP »» <Jinr? Zhdnggué> “China Today”

474 in] Supplementary Words

BR (#) 10 green

RR (WB) hut grey

. (W) 21 violet

i (FR) (#4) gidn(\d) light (green)

181
 5. YR (AR) (#) shéncld) dark (green)

PO, iy Grammar

1. “7=24(—) “#2” sentences of type (2)

Ail, APR i, GZ ial aA ES”, AA es
#y, “By S2SeHate RA M4 Bids “GE?(aa
hve: EA“FE ON WE TY BAN:
A noun, personal pronoun or adjective etc. plus the
structural particle “fj” can form a “fj” construction the use
of which is equivalent to a noun. The predicate of a “jt”
sentences of type (2) is made up of “jt” and the “fj” cons-
truction, es 2.

C1) ZARB,
CEVA — HZ PG AG)
(2) ABR AAS eK
(Rw — Kw AZ)
G3) KAAh HF AY,
Cp 89 — 37 HY AR)
1
“7 (=) WEINER
EE?
HM EBA, dn:
The negative form of a “J!” sentences of type (2) is made
in the same way as that of type (1), i.e. it is made by putting
the adverb “4,” in front of “2”; ©. g.

182
 (4)KABRALH,IM
RAW,
O) ABR MEA RNY, ERM EM,
C6) FX Aw AR AS EOF AY, EI AY,
2. %€lalyCVO) Questions of type (4)
Be Ta]4) CPU) A ED) D7 A FA SG A” EE APT HE HY A SR.
AR AveEIE—, eM SE I MY ETE RE. Bilan:
Questions of type (4), which are also called alternative
q uestions, are formed by using a “jA#”
Fe to join two Pppossible
answers for the replier to choose from, e.g.
C1)REBARE?

© KEREELEA$I?
ra ah
(3) RAE ARML?
—— hz,
© RFTERECAR EERE
—— WH, LAKE,
«7 AyPEPEREMIIE
An PF:
The alternative form of a “J£” sentence is as follows:

GS) KAPLRECRALRE?
183
 (6) KAR
i SE Hk 19 1K> HL?
WaAAIB ytfa shtyt Grammar Terms
1. “Ayah © “de” zijiégou “fy” construction
2. 3£ 1a] liGnci conjunction

dis 2k» Exercises

1. RIB PSI PIF%wAeS

yy: Rewrite the following sentences
in the matter of the examples given:
fi] (1) Example (1)
1X EVP AY 5,
1k HE VP AY
C1) Ke KA IK,
2) XX TAH BR,
G3) ARK
SE IS, ,
4) KAR
KK iw,
(S) AAA HAWAF
WY

(6) KE MNEMRKE,
(7) 3X 7e-KETB
GR
(8) AB xe F4AA Hw, ZL,
WY

O) KHMER,
C10) AR4 ag ke
184
 fil (2) Example (2)
RR HB,
BA i eT HY
CD) KKH PHATS,
2) BeR
WY HER,
G) KZ DEWUA,
(4) AR tha erER,
(S) IX RN K 0 FH Bw AL,
(6) AB Ay AY HT 1] Be,
_ EVERIBL: Answer the following questions:
| Example
KA BRB VAS? (MA)
KABA REP AY RAR
CQ) KYRA? CT Aa)
Qixt Se RAT AWS? Ch2w)
QAKMBBAZ AWS? (HEN)
4) XPHEwBMARAKLH?
(ZF
may)
(5) KER WBA eH AW?
(2849)
185
 6) ROW ERARAR
A B09?
(22# B09 )
. 3 SE fa] AC PY) FF EIA: Make questions of type (4) and
answer them:
fi] (1) Example (1)

Hep AR AY He
1K Fe 4 TEAR AY IL eH 9?
1X Feary TF 7 HY,
CG) £7 ry Rw
2) K-F TRAY $e WY
(3) > Bt FEHR AY 3) AR A
4) (A Ki dh» may 1B wy
(Gy Fee TW eA |
Owe PAR Fay sare.
(7) 4a] $B Ps = 7 a9 be ie 2 ag
(8) Ww, ZL TRANT EE 9 Tk KAY
OD WPS as Cag =eee)
§i| (2) Example (2)
Ay, AL Aes e we,
TRE-F y PLIEPERE RTL
186
 AML
Ae AL,
eR Fp me
QB LE fia eee
GFR aT Sie
Oman 7b By,
il (3) Example (3)

ASK BARS
4A Ay 1B TRIE xe Ay FR KP
4 Ay AR
Cd) A eR A AP Be
(2) & 3 48 a SbiB
3) 455 2H
NBS & Bi
OFA E ERA
. FLYAUESC IATA. Answer the following questions on the
text:

(—)
CG) FER PNETA?
(2) HM—A
RITA?
187
 3) PFELRAHPARMRMEAW? SHY
IE.Wy? |
QMEWERATAMRE NY?
S) TAWELRAHAREAW? ZH AIL
#18 49?
©) PEWERAR ARV?
es
C1) RAR AF KM _E 04 WB,37?
2) SKA PRAIA R LN?
QFAWBBePENLARAN?
(4) RA RABH?
(S) He A BS? Wel Fett —A HK?
_ BABE F9ISE: Read aloud the following dialogue:
Ys Fe Br KP AR, He res FF Cxibo-
xué, primary school) #4 4? 7b |

WS, Der, tka, ALA -X WE,

or, KRAMER :
WS; ASILA—-PHM FP, RRMLR
AR 92 |
yor. le] ae » TRA (zh8o, to look for)4{f A?

BF, RRM,
er, Mme etrAm ew?
Be: RYMMZARW,
Ws, TRAY
ve HF AY ILS
7218 09?
BEF: ROMS HY, RAI,
Wr, RMRR
A AIR?
BBS. ZA HH (idxie, to thank) He ANT]

cera
Zr,
Ky, wes Table of Chinese Characters
190
 K | Chl ”

19 A lua

191
 a3_.-+i Lesson 20

MRA IEA FP CAS) FE?

MAIER ToT FE
KERIO +FORRIUD (KR),

—. #ktR2#2] Substitution Drills

3. XE RS RO
Sol ey eee OE Se
Hike) 22.4 4
eee DAS ae

FARA)
my ¢v sa nN Ss a
ES
28.1 %
ee es) 19.86z
= FHRAEACD) | | 18.15%
= FARA(CL)
See es NS A

4. RHA RHF PR?

Po SSN as Ae
—Ha-+RRED.
193
194
wv
Pec
Gee

=
yt yo ve a y

a
GK + -K -3K [|
Hide «aK Vii sie «aK
oe 2 A vie

—_—
—
ey
ay >») ae SS >

=
4
ext

4
xv

REAEERG » Fy Je WY a & IP
 “fe & HL po”
REALE
“BAD MEW?”
“Bo yy

OEEHE Q”
RRL MRAM?
“RM? that, AH”
“i EMI, RK WR KBR,”
ERA?

LEAH,
fap —tw, —F44,

=, Hin) New Words

_ 9Zale
y (4%) dudshao .
how many, how much

195
 A (2) boi hundred

wR (2) ling zero

4K (4) gian money

LA] (46) kuai cyuand a unit of Chinese money

£, CAI CE) méo Cjido3 a unit of Chinese money

10. jido=1 kudi (yuGn)

ay (az) fén a unit of Chinese money

10 fén=1 jido

ATR (4) chényT shirt, blouse

has (#]) yigong in all, altogether

RY (4) dongxi thing

& (aH) mii to buy

as (3) ydo to want, to desire

- & (BI) hai else, in addition, still

ee HH (aj) xiéxie to thank

. J, (s)) zaijian to say good-bye,

good-bye

4b9e, Eli] ~ Supplementary Words

Ay (4) maozi cap

NO
=
. We Ff (4) kizi trousers

196
 B ROE (4%) pixié leather shoes

4. 55 eae i (4) wazi socks, stockings

5. $B (4) shdutéo gloves

PY, wy: Grammar

1. BRAYEC—) Numeration (1)

DWE AS PER RR. Bln:
In Chinese, the decimal system is used for numeration,

2. Belelftiq“27b” The interrogative pronoun “47>”

“Bb” — ieFARIS
Tr EAA, EM Aia-Zial aA
HW. BAA. Bild:
When asking about any number over ten, “47>” is usually
used, with a measure word being optional between it and the
noun it qualifies, e. g.

1) ARAB RA FS) PAS FE?

197
 2) Hh AF YPTKI?
3. 4e Ajit Counting money
HP RL BSTy Eb St fie cE“Ic”, “FA”. “a”, Fi a Be”,
“HB” “Sy”, PRN:
The units of Rénminbi (RMB) are “7p”, “fA” and “4y”,.
but in colloquial speech they are called “Sk”, “3” and “4”
respectively, e. g.
1.25 z7——-—-A=
AZ —Ra
DAS)
26:20cots
ee ee
He OE; )
18 0390 = HA
Pare
RGR DBA. LP AP ER <2”,
WWD. BA:
The last unit can sometimes be omitted. But, if there are
two or more zeroes in the middle of a sum of money, the
last unit must be read out, e. g.

O03 70
MRR ER” “ER ay” — 7 BG, FB a EB _E
PORE. PRN:
If the unit is just a “ER” ,“38” or “4>”, the word “sR”
is often added in colloquial speech, e. g.

48.00 4 FA
AH — FAW
198
 (AR)
2.00 72.—\ Fh A — ae 4K)
0.20 ~A— Fh f§ —— 4, (4X)
0270
—— 2 — 4(FR)
WAR 2E” FE—- FPBCP, HLS SE”, an — tk
BG )"s WARE TRB IFA, WISEUE “PAE”, dn “ES
C4)"0 “= 4y? LFA, HRT DA “A”
“2 =” is often said as “—-=6” if it occurs in the middle
of a sum of money, e. g. “—}k
—=B FC47)”; “2 3” is said as
“jaa, if it: occursat the. beginning; e. g- “Py3327C4>)?- “
4y” can also be said as “jq4>” if it stands all by itself.

FL. #2] Exercises

. ARByi 1—120 fi3c A Count from 1 to 120

in Chinese.
2. FARIS PoEe Re. Read aloud the following sums of
money in Chinese:

On 20a @) 12 a * 95.097
Cp te? G1,6,07 6) 027450
7) 20.05% © 46.98% © 53.032
a0) 7.42% ap8.56% 2 32.52%
a3) 10024 14) 100.022% a 120.302
3. FAL? Bb 7H PTR ye HeBETA:
199
 Change the following declarative sentences into questions
using “JL? or “Zb?:
C1) fe 192A +e A,
2) 7 7A ikeA,
3) KR ARAR—,
(4) ARN AF ADR,
G) KkAB-AARE,
(6) EPA AYP CAR,
NEFA, ATRIA,
YP Be,
. RP MAWAALGAIE: Make up a dialogue using the
information given below:
fi] (1) Example (1)

RA TAAB; Fa t2e
RPL,
RA 5?
RA AB
tRA
SP AS?
POA Tes Baie
AR WG AB AB 2 KY HH?
ge By TaRARR
ge WAKA H
P RA GY
200
 * * *

) RA SKAR, RAZR, —K
RIKLW,
QRASLHTER: APREREY, —
Pe2x BRE09
GQ TARAHHK, AHAZOGRE WY,
SHEER,
fil(2) Example (2)

RAF
KBRAKF, —PHKY,—D, K
AF HLE=—, DAFADPR,
—#A
£N( FR).
> UR AF |
WEG) TRBAA?
RRARKF,—PKW,—P DM,
PAKS AR?
KOHARAB, BAG?
A AKA, ROAAT EAH?
SS
ee
Ot| MBA F RT, REMAD,He
meee
201
 SVR
B. kA a es
a i SUA OE

B: FE LY

dd) 43#A
KA R
RRA, P
—KAH , —KD
a, Ke A—w-(44&), DIAS
£5, —-HR EAD).
2) KAR
RHR, —HH H.-H. KR
PRARA(LR), GHRORAL
= (DR), -HEFTREARLDCER.,
. APEDERE SUL F; Put the following phonetic transcrip-
tions into Chinese characters:

yigong {mdaoytT 4 {shangwu

yiqy R chényT xidwt

zénmeydng ( dita ee
Tf, { BA
\ shénme ( tGshiguan é, yansé

202
Wr. We x Table of Chinese Characters

HB
| —

Q
kl p (7K
Se PP we
R(NA A)
| CI F
Le oe ee
x |ORI
C7
2 HR)
A
ete?
TPG Riaiga tae
7
ae
7
bar eat)
a 7 8)
teat
pie.

ra 10, SAS A ee
203
 11 | let ya al ee ee)
12.)SE eRe
Sat Ge Bn eed
13 ciel
ae
14)oY | Catl4
aes 3 eg 4
+
EMBL ieie, es Uneiwelen
aycay
164 NSP Ea

204
 33_.t—i Lesson 21

LENGFo
ee Ne ches
He.ARABI

—, #223] Substitution Drills

a 1. HL AUS, (AP) 9

205
 ozaibit ve ee +

ioe eye
Ie Aor aes:

Ere aoe s.
x —

RMFE HSER.
206
 ie |
ay

ran? rat?

I<
Ae ont

=
oa aN

se
es

——A Pye ext

v 9 Va

207
 Sey
AS or i
4 v 2 > Q

eei kA JiR,
=
‘ t
NE tS],

fe. +e, SFpee

ms

AE Eg
RL SMG,BS
t wv wv Yt en

ae
WIR G A «

=, Ein] New Words

(4) xidnzdi now, nowadays

(4) didn(zhing) a measure word, o’clock

(A) ban half

(iz) fen a measure word, minute

(iz) ke a measure word, quarter

(a4) cha to lack, to be short of

q) chudng to get up

(3) cht to eat, to have (meals)

(4) zdofan breakfast

xiG (k8) class is over, to finish

(classes)

(4) shihou time

(4) wanfan supper

(i)iis a measure word, period

(4) wifdn lunch

 wy
15: Ese "yr shut jido to go to bed, to sleep
16. TR (4) fan” meal, cooked rice, food

17. PE TR chi fan to have a meal, to take

a meal

*b7e4Ejs] Supplementary Words

= Av (=) mido second

2. Pp — (4) zhingwit noon

fy, iy: Grammar

1. Minifi=%j The sentence with a noun as its predi-

cate
Ea 44id, 44ta AY, Beet aE ETB LE eR BY HY A a]
Mies. Gilg:
Such a sentence in which the main element of the pre-
dicate is composed of a noun, a nominal construction or a
numeral-measure word etc. is called a sentence with a noun

as its predicate, e.g.

CQ) LAL RBA,

2) TRAIL AGA?

HbA. 209
 3) RH RARA
(4).
2. fsfalin) Time words
SAMMY AIRC, ALTAIR Te -2a HELYE
WBS) J EE RI EIS. Bilan:
Nouns denoting time are time words. They can function
as the subject, object and attributive etc. besides the pre-
dicate, e.g.

() RAATIR.
2) MBSA WAR,
PTA TT ARB VERB By DO TEE AT
AREER. Pilgn:
Time words can also function as adverbial adjuncts which
may be placed before either the main element of the predicate
or the subject, e.g.

3) RINGAT FRATR.
SAT TERME A KR,
3. -ifiGie*) The sentence with a _ subject-predicate
construction as its predicate

HEB aePa eNO MAE. il Rn:

A sentence in which a_ subject-predicate construction
functions as the main element of the predicate is called a
sentence with a subject-predicate construction as its predicate,
€-£;

C1) 4 YAS, e e e

210
 2) Hi FA FtEARF
RBI FE A, REARS? AE,
1 PE TS VA a BY Pk 2 Ze7)AY ET AE 1 a BE EB
ARH HH-HMRA, AEEREREM HI,
In the above two .examples, the predicates “fk 4¢” and
“mre
(A ” both are subject-predicate constructions. The
characteristic feature of such a sentence is that there is a
relation in one way or another between the person or thing
‘indicated by the subject of the whole sentence and that done
by the subject of the subject-predicate construction, with the
latter always being a part of the former.

FRERIE yufa shtyt’ Grammar Terms

1. fet[al is] shtjidnei time word
2.184844 zhti wéi jiégou subject-predicate construction

Fi. #24 Exercises

1. FAAMQiFG
HH Pelt lal: Say the following units of time in
Chinese:

a) 2:00 ye 9:10 3) 8:20

(4) 10:25 6) 3:05 (6) 4:15
7) 6:30 45 @) §:55
doy 9:15 apelleAbe “cet 1258
2. 42 PWWMIEP ERX: Make up dialogues using the fol-
lowing words and phrases:
fji| Example
211
 Wo LILA
TRAITS
KF KE PIL?
RINKILRKF,
Nae?
ABH, tke?
RF, MALK?2
ed
eee
ass
eo
ORES
ig:
0 M~A—AO+AA,

DORAA EE
(2) FAA ABE
3. #2RR TRS BASIN TBE ZS SF EEIe]. ‘Fill in the blanks with
the units of time in the parentheses, then ask questions:

PEF POPES SRY FA, th

WF JARRE 7, Fhe (6:00) zz
lie (6:15) FAD BHR, (6:95) °Z-F-
te, (TADERKE, (8:00) ER,
4) SLPS i rh ee? oC 50) Meee ee
(12:00)"2 + th, FF (4:00) MIR FK,
(6:00)"2 8% tR , WE CA se
(10:30) what, Efe QE DRI, BH
Pa
UFR
AF ,
4. PUREE ase —A 4g: Make a sentence as
shown by the time in each of the following pictures:

(1)

~~ 3
=

(3) (4)

e3
(5) .>>]wy

5. FRAR SCG
Se ie
(2D

Ll Ala], Answer
(8)

the following questions as

they apply to you:
213
 C1) TRF EL BAAR?
CP ae
3) RTE IU SR EGR? LIL PR?
@) IEA eerie?
G) JLB EF Re?
(6) HEAT FU HR AR?
(7) TR FE FAS?
(8) FRAT PC RP
) EJIL SH DRX?
(oy te FA EHR TERM LARA?
C11) FR WR,EL, Be HE?
6. BETTE SCHL BAR I HE SEI
Say something about your studies and everyday life in our
institute,
using the text as an example.

7. ALTE POMBE EE A CF 2 actad1

Fill in each blank with a Chinese character according to
the given phonetic transcription so as to make a word, a
phrase or a sentence:

ké&
(b yan
eat jidn
i
UNEP Bag
ones sr laeent Gms
214
216
 ce a Lesson 22

45 >] (3) Review (3)

—, PAxc Text

HUN ERA A KY BRE

~

k, RELAVLERG,
ERE, AMNEAR, RAZ
RS RE JE?”
2, OR
CRM
— HE, YG”
Mp5)?

Can aD
REKR, Rit:
“BE, RRKR.”
CBA ZAR?”
a
 0

“R, BK ARS459”
“me “AL wy, BANA ay 6”

Pheer is keSs
VEN ae, AEN) OW CV,
Aly BZ, “AIL 2”
Ne ae
Oe ae en
Q Q Vv v QA er as
 WA

“09 — Hl[RANE RH, IFT AF2”

=. Ata) New Words

: IKKE (4%) shuYgud fruit

bo
ER (4) pinggud apple
in (=) jin a measure word, catty,
equal to 0.5 kg.

8 (4) tang sweets, candy, sugar

: wy (sh) tT to kick, to play (foot-

ball)
EER (4) zaqid football

#b¥e4Eis] Supplementary Words

z (4) Ii pear
te Zo (4%) jazi orange

‘ Ay . (4%) xiGngjido banana

v9 Zr His (4%) xThéngsht tomato

AL9
Ds % JK (4%) huGnggua cucumber

# >] Exercises
—
—
—

1. A Tas A Bee Ae 28 FES A ee Tad

Write in Chinese characters the figures in the parentheses
and give the appropriate measure words for each of the

(32) _ me (45) _44

(78) di OD
(2) aie (2) — IL
(120) FFA (104) APA
GYAE Siege Ss (33)4 ote
(28) _ #R 10)
(6). He (O22 goes
2) #
| ACM4VMR,
SwRI ites: Fill in the blanks with
proper pronouns, nouns or adjectives:

OR ER Wy,
2) aga Re wy,
QFrAWBBe Wy,
4) WONT AG LS,
220
 () XX MER 49 «
. FUP Fil Ay Be BE lal4+ Change the following declarative
sentences into questions:

6] (1) Example(1)
RMKER,
KE ARYA?
RL EA KER?
He,KAA?
Me KE RIERKAR?
C1) dR A 3 VE,
(2) SAA A
3) RL RAR.
(4) ELA wR,
(6S) BEV.
(i heer G
(1*) HBF.
til (2) Example(2)

AK 44, BIR
Ax KAY IF 4H?
A> KAY We, BG HF ASF 2
221
 A> Kaw, Ee AFF?
Ax KeWG BB HF IL eA?
C1) AREA R09 FA BARAT.
(2) RAFAH EAR Ko
(3) fay YARIR SF
(4) 4u0g BT IRF A
6] (3) Example(3)
RLMERAY
MER? |
KEMEZRRAMM? BMALMDA
eg LI 3
1X RIM Z HXVEN?
1X ¥ ME AMY IE EY?
qd) KkRwALTIA 89
Q) KA DBLAA BEY,
G3) HAH eth,
(4) RP RRAM
ZH.
(S) MWA RK 72 AY,
(6) Hong BR HR AY,
. BYthay PID wis: Write out words and phra-
ses containing each of the following Chinese characters:

PADD
 Cer

(7) #%
(8) 7%
OO) TR
(10)
C11) BY,
Cy
5. Dae FIC: Read the following passage:
RR ELAA = Bie, bA-D
re ee £—BAIA SR FRE, LTAN
409 HOLGER, shite ter Pe ge sua 7)
—#E
BH Ji
RERKE. RBs

“Fy KER.”
Ze
 i% 9?
eaAa
“TE, RE BD”
THARAR, vt:
“BE, REAR.”
“BAZ BR B09?”
“84.”
PEE ZR”
GRA, WAS?”
“A, UA RE AR?”
OOF, REIL”
19 PR TERI, Aes
: RFK, HOF) KR:
“BEECH
RH RAI”
pees Be, ATARY AIH YB

“Pelee, £#e0. HARK?”

“pA Bay” |
“A, RAMAK, RIN —RK, GY?”
“WH, CRR ES,A RMX
224
 +,”
°

DY, W392 Table of Chinese Characters

ee |CI
5 ee
It

De, 2h Ge a i eee, eee

te
Jee|
| a 64a + # a)
a ~ ect
Brees slew et aes Y 5
EE
pe. yy
Nee oe Ss Sy Sa
mR| Ez

225
226
rn
al
a Paes
MK He

arTng > “fiz faz

¢ :

Sls he
see >tel Ley > © ASIN
tI ee NY ee A> on vals IN
=k
=~

——

“i ¢ Ol, F fe)
Bo 7

ss{
I a af ad
SREB,

. 3
chlo 3
E
REITER

4 BOCAS §
RAN LIE.

“\| im im A
Lesson 23

\{ we =
| ome s+ alo
plo chlo
8 ARE BULA AR
RMNZRO—AKFER,

MiER, 2
eb, 2 me
LER, 28
KAR, LMS
ELM GR, SRA

. :baRanzbD
ELMRAMMNEE,
227
e—)
 —S- —_ —_—_ ll UV

— Vv —— ¢ ¢ wv —

v Ww — a wi

—_—_ —_— w w v

ae eee
| SROFFARAR.
. RAMA
| THM
229
A: BME RAMEE A
B: 3H iimke. Ant EAA

=, Ein) New Words

1. 4 E- (4%) jinnian this year

22 S- (4) nian year

3; Ft (4) qunian last year

4. HF sp (4%) mingnian —next_- year

Si anF| (4) yus month
6. seat aba (4) hao[rt] | date, day of the month

13 XR (4) xingqi week

8. 2A (4) xinggirt
CZ HAI [xingqitiGn] Sunday

9. AAA (4) tiyt physical culture, phy-

sical education

10. 723 (4) yur grammar

11. He (#1) jido to teach
12. & (31) géi to give

ine ae = (4) tian day

14. 4K Be (ah) xitxi to rest, to take a rest

230
15. ZX (%) gdngyuan park
4

AICHEta] Supplementary Words

ea (4) houtian the day after tomorrow

ye AY (4) gidntian the day before yesterday

3 Le shdng xingqi last week

4, F £ xid xIngqT next week

Dy, yk Grammar

1. “Asn” “A” and “RH”

COaay Gs Pe ard es dese iene
BER Aire: “BM BU B= BMA AM
A”, flan:
In Chinese, the names of the twelve months in a year are
“_.F.—A,=A---+—A”. The names of the seven days of
the week are “#PW—, Bij, Bw=--- BMW, BHIA”,e-g.

ad FRAIL LF?
Ser yee
2) Ke EMAIL?
SRABMS.
(3) RATE FAIL A AR OTR?
—— AAI ZA AKA RR.
231
 2. 42, A. Atay
sie «The order of the year, month,
day and hour
46. A. AEE
I We:
When the year, month, day and hour are given at the
same time in a date, the order is as follows:

SF A A By
—9 FAA 24+-B EF +H
—JLbILF AA A ( Z RADI TAS
=a
3. WEB if#igt The sentence with a verb taking
two objects as its predicate
PIERO aon ee OIG de Peace Via]$225 PG(Bit a:
ti AMD TER, ARR IA) ea. Bilan:
Some verbs can take two objects: the indirect object (usu-
ally referring to a person) and the direct object (usually re-
ferring to a thing), with the former preceding the latter, e.g.

CD) FRE IPBRAM E

(@) a a Ue 3 ik
—

fe AEB Sei ah aLET EBA WB, GE (sdng)”,

OB ep (OGosu)? a, ie esile > HAZE ELA —
AHAB AT AME. AAT REE “AMTYE Giang) BIZ
WA”, “fh hi BI eae tt (shiging)”,
Verbs that can take two objects are limited in num-
ber and the major ones are “Z”,“i& (sdng, to offer)”, “4”,
“ik (gdosu, to agate “YR”, “te” and “jaj” etc. Therefore,
pI)
we can’t say “Sé\miF (jidng, to explain) FPIWIE” or “hpi
Bl1— feet (shiging, thing)?.

YE Notes

DO “4F” HR” Bil a AaBeTadA IY PT AS Bt i,

When “46” or “Xe” is preceded by a numeral modifier,
no measure word is needed between them.

Fi. #4 Exercises

1. RBS a a: Answer the following questions

as they apply to you: ©

GQ FRAI
ILS?
LAZHI?
(2) FRAN EAP AIL TR?
3) HEB TRANTSL
E?
(4) TRAE
ILA ARR? —*+ ZHAI
KA TR?
(5) TERRAA?
(6) SRA AE A?
_ 229-FRIRHE: Complete the following dialogue:
A: =F ALTA?
B: Oe CEN ee es O

AD FIP AW AFM?
233
 A: de

o —F
AS FARAS TAS eA
ia
Aceh ee
A iF] HILA?
B

B —* HA ER,
A KEAW AFA A?
B:

A : AK BIA
B

A | SMA EEA?
B: fe}

qe RaW Ay ial Fed PF lid (EA a -- Make the following

words and phrases into sentences:

C) WATE REV AR
Qaeyp Wize BH Rie
G3) Se. —ik BBR te &
234
 ee at OT) SS
HELM ANT MF
ORC 4 -—K Re et
ORE -K #2 HH ZH
age Ey eae ST
Oy) Phin ey 27S ele
(0) 2 fet Kk KR WI
4. #iPEBEE SMH: Put the following phonetic transcrip-
tions into Chinese characters:
f shéntt yura jinnian
\ tty a |F dyt SF- guniGn
i= 4 _ v 2 Ss
Yingyt mingnian
Hany

xIngqlyT yiyué
xTngqi’ér éryué
xTngqisGn sanyué
xTngqist sTyué
x HA wuyué

235
ay: FA4A, ALA. BE ESE AS.

Make up a dialogue by asking questions on the year, month,

day and the days of the week and answering them.
6. [i Fi CIt BIR: Read and retell the following passage:
4 FABA eee 5ee Pa etc
AS FLIER, ARS VPARN, THEVA
RANGA, PEVPARNRK, MBBIARK
KE,
FANART AR, KEV BAN
TK RAR, RG Fe FY EAI—
FER,
ZMAT TRL RANA
R, KAN
KA, ZRARABRIL, EHERFED
A, aulszeng
Bh) Fe eAAW,
FW, W#x# Table of Chinese Characters

4
wise
Sl cele ay
CBr Tae top.)
 et ear)

Cai Oo ln wa
Au

ast
 —
ne 4-puist Lesson 24

ZMARERKE.
RA AABI
M L FAK 0

—, RMmAD Substitution Drills

1 AA RILRA
RMEKENEKS. |
AWM, eS
Arak; Bl Ee
de BAR, BIA
ZeOH, BE
2. eae ie — #2BER
RM BUM,

238
3. ALR KF BARN Fei BP?
Fie, WRK HKBRI,
be ¢ ~ Ww _— © Ww ¢ >

TLR AKA FFi aR

Re FS
ma

RD A

Rit8 Ns
ABIL
RA RAR IL

a200
 =, WIC Text

KF Fe FG A,
PHAR MR ILG BGi
XKJL4 RARE AHF.
MH —HE?
HRM LAK
RAVEELM IL?
240
 RANE SEA. Py ARK ME
x4, LEKAIL,
Ke Rige
B hi Ti?
Rie, RAFREZ,
ARATE5 Fi a sh
REAM W2F, AN RAL &
Hi

=, “#igj]) New Words

. se (t+, 9) gén with, to follow, to

accompany

. PE (a) jin to enter, to come in

by, (4) chéng _ city, town

Cry li from
ca
(7%) yudn far
iz
: wv (H) jin near

BF (4) mingtian tomorrow

PF) (a) hui to return

BR (4+) céng from

241
 10. KAS TE (4) ddshYguén embassy
1 A tt (4) yduyT friendship

12. A HR (4) yifu clothes

Ls: All wy (4k) biéde other

14. ALE wéi shénme why
15. Ie F (4) gongl¥ a measure word, kilo-
metre

16. WT (4) difang place

# Proper names

ole, ae aa Béijing TYyd Beijing Academy

re, Xuéyudn of Physical Culture
Ak a W, w Béijing DidnyYng Beijing Cinema College

ae hz Xué yuan

aie xs Ay +5 ie Béijtng Tdshigudn Beijing Library

Ait JE Yduy? ShGngdidn Friendship Store

4b3e4E
in] Supplementary Words

ae Ag (4) ddshY ambassador

Bp (4) cGnzdn counsellor

242
 Bi, KE (4) witiguan military attaché

PY, ye Grammar

1. 4724543 The preposition-object construction

By tal“FE” WA”, SR? Se Tn EN ST 2 SP SY , FE
Bian ERTS. “FE”? A BE , RE ZeABA IT HSTa HE,
thy A aE ea ALATA. “PR? ATER ET A & id BR KE
eS“. Gilde:
The preposition “7E”,“\\”,“#” or “PR” etc. and its ob-
ject form a preposition-object construction which is usually
used in front of the predicative verb as an adverbial adjunct.
per object of “4.7, “\K? or “7 is asa; rulé\a’ word or
phrase denoting place or time. “ff” is more often than not
used in combination with “— 2” if its object is a noun or
pronoun denoting a person, e.g.

CD) mi AALS FF A
2) ZHMARARKE.
) KLWRMMELAA
4) EAP RMTAAS
LR,
©) 441
fa & BHA 5 18ie,
(6) MABE ACABR,
CT) URIR UE — AB 3 HR?
243
 (8) WAUMRMA-HREREAfi.
2. “46”, “WH RIB ANSK IL”, “BIL” The object of the
preposition “fF” or “JX” and “3x JL” or “FIL”
“FE”, OW" HYBBN RE — AS id eC), AT TEE Jip
Ta “IL RAIL” ,MERAH. Bilan:
If the object of “#E” or “JX” is a noun or pronoun de-
noting a person, it must take after it “x JL” or “FPJL” to be-
come a phrase denoting place, e.g.

OD PRMRLRET
7 KIL A,
QO NAT PRAM AAIL, Ah ABIL
FAK
AAI ytfa shtyt Grammar Term
Sy ia] jiécT preposition

fi. 4&2 Exercises

1. Ae Pia IEE PEE 4H A PS oF 2s oh

Read aloud the following phrases till fluent and fill in each
blank with a proper one:

eA AME i A A AB
ft. iP fn ty
RADE AAA FE
C) HMA FAM,
244
 Cy aes 1a ts
Ge ee “ees,
AQpZSARL ABM,
(5) SABE
TF-F 4 TA
Gy Pew AA TE,
QMRESCZAA KE,
(8) SCHPML
fe RAR

BR Ee HE AK A&E
Dhitt Iq Ah Ate A AL ABIL
BR BE Wi, Bails
AB IL
Q SMAm Fit,
DWAR AABARL.
G3) SHAFT TR KA KK Fo
Co ps
Sn
STAR We,
(6) WR & A 5 E.
: Hee Heel 28 Pa ayFABETal(Ta He Al Ask questions using inter-

rogative pronouns on the underlined parts:

C1) ASR E—AAAL

HK.
245
 2) RW KASR EE — A BER,
G3) IRA ZB—-HE AEAT KRIR,
(4) EUR IR I WA at AAG RF A,
CO) ZIM ARERR.
(6) LR AR—-H AAD,
1) FFAR FH R] ER IQIRR,
(8) AIRAe 111 HE Wg FB] PR Re BVP ABIL
IP]2a,
(2) 4 KM ERK
Ae TR IX IL A
BAL
(10) 4+ KF FESR
ee A Ae AA TREK IL
EXE.
AIE 4258 HF 4E PIES
MAG: Write a dialogue on each
of the following groups of words and phrases after the
examples:
fi] (1) Example (1)

RK BAL
ADT 7) AG KF BRAT ILI 9?
BE RS, RAGAL Ri?
245
 AS FRE PFRRM BRE, Hey
MARARAPSRD, RNA
WAAR IL,

C1) ALR, Be PS GEA

2) RAR FE BX &.
fil (2) Example (2)
KRizhfe +teXe KR
AD TD, Rig fi HAAN ILILG?
B: fRiZ, ABE BKILATES
We Age aa 2
A SKE FRREM—-RETRK
Ho

CDset ay ees
pe Nae Mae 2h
2 RABE +trAZ 4
| PAPE P cstBR: Read and retell the following

passage:

KE ERK, RHR, RAAUWA

ERR, ZBK-MMYRG, RH
FO R,
MER, AHERN
247
 FAIZ, WRRIRG YAR, |
ZHKKAGMGE
, 05 A KITE
ME, HY
FL AARIL, ASE BH AR ie BW JE RK
wm, RAFAL, MERR-HAAL
Ae, RIKAKAM, RAIRHE
Bi ag aD , AAD A ABIL) OF HE,
FY. Wx Table of Chinese Characters

wd aa pe
R
2 et op, Ca eee)
s
Oe lene

yy | x
= be

ce AG ow AD
(S| ie | CHDA

248
feel Mm A A HL)

249
 a3. Fai Lesson 25

BayHAN ARR, faa

AR
PIA /GAIER, ftik
AL, AREER.

250
 Avie
VPy
>
BH)

Ce
N

are
sath

vi?

>it ISK
Hao
>

es OS
San
sath we)

Ni
>

Ge

"t
seth
ie ee
eel
4>

>

Pietfp
Sieh Be
ap
9
> sathee
Ba stb] yb] AE
Vio®
foe)

> 2p Hi
BY > stbke Ge

if
Ir aaiarss

TR
pS

LF
2% SJ
vath ST

3]
tik

251
 ee
PA, MA, xf
24, 5, #H
kare ik, 45
BA, te, RE
=. Esc) Text

252
 Te AK, At
\ wv
1px
lie

ve

Vf

“ft
[pir Br
>

EN,RANT AE
Pa
eh

oy
>

o>
rN

—_—
—
—— Hein] New Words

(3) aT to get up, to stand up

=

(34) de a structural particle

"253
 (7) za0 early

(7) wan late

(34) shut to sleep, to go to bed

(a) lai to come

pdo bu to run (as an exercise),

to have a run, to do

some running

(#1) pdo to run

(7) kudi fast, quick

(#) dut right, correct

(zy) xué to ie to. study

(7) qTngchu clear

(7) sha fluent, skilled, experi-

enced

(4,4) fanyt to franslate: interpreter

(4) juzi sentence.

(#%) man slow

(F%) rénzhen conscientious, earnest,

serious

(43) wanr to play, to have fun

(W) gGoxing delighted, happy, glad

254
 €b5t4Eie) Supplementary Words

i H (zg) Jiang to explain

2 AY Hr (ah) f8nxT to analyze

wre Te (31) zhangws to master

4. 7%, (sh) it to remember, to learn

by heart

PY, ify: Grammar

1. f2RE%pi= The complement of degree

FE DLE HE, hyta]BIE AStelJew BD Hb TE eR a MY Ab, BEAD TC
Tey bie BOG A aE UD TE. A BPD Ae FO he sh I Bl
AYRE BERN EN TRASH, MUPERERE AME. FEE +a Alay iedZ la]Se
FA aa ial “4RETR. TA LAY Fe EEtb A IB A al CTE. By
Tal iF BE tb BTZeASA i Te — BP HS BR ASE SY Tt
tho Pilkn:
In Chinese, a verb or an adjective can take after it a
supplementary and explanatory element, which is called a
complement. The verb or adjective is called the qualified word.
A complement which denotes what degree or extent an
action reaches, or how it is done, is called the complement of
degree. The verb and its complement are usually connected by
a structural particle “72”. A simple complement of degree is,
in general, made up of an adjective. What the verb taking a

25)
 complement of degree shows is usually a state of affairs which
is habitual, frequent or has become true, eg:

1) ANA ARF
(2) Ah A> 4TARYA #
aH Eee ¢Ma Mb aA Ia A, FE IEE AE Be al TE
RECMA MATT. ARE RCTEShi RTI. Bildn:
To negate the complement of degree in a sentence with
a verb as its predicate, “AX” is put before the complement,
not before the verb, e.g.

(3) Ae 41 AF
4) WA RA a
SBI Ff TE EAL SOI AD A eG ETEK. Bil
OM:
The affirmative+negative form of such a sentence is made
by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the com-
plement, e.g.

©) TAF
RAF BAF?
(6) ih,Bes 45
FRB
2. i AtAE
e *ME The verb taking after it an
object and a complement of degree
ByislJaa SS A EAM, UAE REG BS ahi,
Pane:
When a verb takes after it both an object and a com-
plement of degree, it has to be reduplicated after the epic
The word order is as follows:

256
 + ia—— ai] —_ A —_ BS Wh i]-_—“Q’—_B
Beeha Bik:
subject verb object reduplicated | verb——
2AA=4 >)
complement of degree e.g.

(1) ROA TR CA ARAB

2) #4) & PP]AS? ARAL,
MASE SS ae IBLE RS AR, Bal ei ME
ZAI. Bil a0:

An object can also be put before the verb or the subject

if we want to make it stressed or conspicuous or when it is a
complicated one, e.g.

OQ HAMA BRE RI SERAR,

) DRG DME BRU,
JEVERIZ ytfad shiyti Grammar Terms
1. sbi8 biyt complement
2. FEE siz chéngdu btiyt complement of degree

Hi. 4% Exercises

1. Siz Pig: Read aloud the following phrases till

fluent:

HAF HAFWF, >G Ss

Q

9
+ 4. EGY, —S

ai 15 -F- Be 15 WF, Oe
Ae
PR
y
dn
ste a)
SS

257
 RE AG FH FRE AG WH, OT As vA
Ae Ae AT biG IR Ae AF A
Egat BBR BRR
BARA BIR VEAP ARTA
Sythext aspie HILAR AN
. BiG; PFI PIF: Make sentences after the following
examples:
§i| (1) Example (1)
# F
HENGE FS?
REGAF.
WAT?
THALES.
Des nets
(2) # ay,
(3) 36, Fe
OB
GT ame
6) Bs Hh
fi] (2). Example (2)

SEAM 8
258
 th7SAL
ARS |) A BIE RK AF,
40,
1] & |?) AE) AAS AF RF?
hl [2] X 2a

40, 1) & |e] A]ca A FF ARF,

(1) HRI Ww
Q SXF vA A
GB) SRL EA
(4) EAR J UL
6) 5A ia Re
(6) @1% 4) xt
- AEA NGA ae thi 04: Make sentences
with the complement of degree, using proper adjectives:

fj] Example.

id RL
Apso BAAR BR?

259
 (4) oF MF
(5) it RX
(6) VE eats
(7) BA ya
4, #AYEPR
3cla] * fa]. Answer the following questions on
the,text: |

() Mee TA?
(2) Py BFA EAA?
(3) LY 2 FS?
(4) MyPRRILEEEAH?
(5) ERA ERG FEY?
(6) eA IP ob Fl A) SAG RAR
met HERE AH?
(7) EAE
SRE — A I BK?
(8) He RIR IBATE ZF?
(9) we, be ER IL Fe
(10), MPAR DE
EAR? RS
FE
#8 TRiy 28.9
(11) Py Bae ie BE A BS?
(12) ZAIN Z KAMILE
260
(13) fe,AT] ES RIL Es ZRF?

. SER PIIRIZ: Complete the following dialogue:

A: dip fe ly B xe F) 3?
B: sae AS

B: 4 STR, eat> TR XA FF MRR

fy ?
B WELSH GRR, Uh zt.
+ ?
B: ft, RIR GDF ARIF
A: ERif Mig — A FD?
S , RIB RDA
],-# A IRL, —RHEKRI.
- HEHE SHILF; Put the following phonetic transcrip-
tions into Chinese characters:
 didn ‘ Zah..§ jido eee

|eee IG |Nae ate

hs,
Ts Fe
xi AR

ue whe

. BRIX: Read aloud the following dialogue:

Up re F) FY?
REBT FY HF,
ARAN EVR BARAT?
FE EVR ARAN
ARAN FE RAR?
BANFF ARIK,
AAV RRERE RAR
RUS BIR, RANI4 Rt
BY, E fieBe 45 BG, 2 9
FX HE FF AR ,+ — PE IE
ee
ee
ae
: “FLA A?
B: FE RU, ARR

A: {ipap Zt ee B 4k vil9
B: oP FAK i HT FAK,

Ww, We Table of Chinese Characters

264
¥ | 4a
See ey? FD wr wm)

Fak
Lae yay
ae
+

see BG ey Des Flt’ Fl 2c)

HAS
Me)
bh

etal
Aiea
Bee ee eo)
—_

‘-FAN

265
 ti 1-7siR Lesson 26

433] (4) Review (4)

ey Text

BS Rn, Re tee 247

7 RADA, “RASS” ARSE
266
 “BRL?”
“BRILARL, AFEAL,”
“RAV EBR”
Z HAR DE
“FE OER, Hie Fyay”
CF RRB LRH RAIL, Be, BR Ae,ABIL

IK JL AA
WAVE, RNR, dP OS
WS RE,
ASRRARIE,
 —, Ai] New Words

BOR (#) z6u to go, to walk, to

start off

2. WER (4) zudtian yesterday

che as (4k) nin polite form of “YR”

4ealy (4) shan mountain, hill

AE A (4) shu water

6. a5 A (#) hdokan good-looking, nice

‘

#, Proper name

Abs 2 Béihdi Gongyuan Beihai Park

YE Notes

OFE THA BBE Ah 1aBS FB Tt, FAB”, AY A ZE PE AMS

RIE alaT. AT A ZEW oh il Bl
In a sentence with a complement of degree, the adverbs
“18,” and “#f” can be put before either the adjective as a
complement or the predicative verb.

=, we Grammar

1. Poth Four kinds of sentences

268
 DLT AY a RTA ESE 7 A Me] PD 4
According to the main element of the predicate, all:
Chinese sentences can be“classified into the following four dif-
ferent kinds:

A. #ii#ig4) The sentence with a noun as its predicate

Q FAZM—.
2) RHAR FS PRI
B. #@AiwifiZ* The sentence with an adjective as its
predicate

CQ) A189 fe SARK MRT 4,

2) BPR OA,
C. Zi i§iEZ% The sentence with a verb as its predicate
Oat et LAE.
Q RR REAR IB JE.
3 TARR —-KFRELY BYR,
eB? hy “JL” sentence
4) LAM BOGHA,
(6) RMFELREA RY, LH,
6) ARABIA
B AEF AY,
“A? =a 8604” =sentence

(1) RAPA,
8) SRE FRIVAAR AR
269
 0) Ate AIRS PX Fe It KH.
Zhia)WB ye DUB 9 A. “SAO
4) re Biel WEA).
In Chinese, the sentence with a verb as its predicate has
a dominant position in number. Both “7” sentence and “fa”
sentence are such sentences.
D. +ififig4) The sentence with a_ subject-predicate
construction as its predicate

1) AL PAL, FAH 7,
2) AAMT FAIRS «
2. PUshREa]Ay Four kinds of questions
A. FA “05,7
fy SE ln] 47 «=2The question with “Rd”

Q FATA ASS?
(2) TR a9 K 4% HEIo?
3) FA ARNE,|?
4) AERA) ES?
6) SRLA B, Bw 3?
(6) 4h FS) te¥h?
B. FASE)
Cia Ay Sela] 4) ~The question with an interroga-
tive pronoun

(1) 1X4F RAR FS RP

2) MBE IBMK?
G) ERIR—-HRELA?
270
 (4) URA RE?
(5) A PIL
RAK
(6) BK FAIL?
(7) ARAN Ht LAG Es ZHHEP
(8) MAT ARE?
. JERR] «©6The affirmative+negative question

RWAF AF?
LHR AR RAR
1X4 HEALA ATR?
TE UP BAS BARA?
WHE AG FAS?
4, BYARAFARAF?
. YEP REMa|4] The alternative question

ix FAR Ee TRY Ee 19?

MRR
IL KIRA?
Ae ee, bieEEREE?
ZMARERKERLAEAA?
AR JL KIL UIE HULL?
At, HAF HEL ZBL NS?
3. BPRG HB
INE’ + y(_— The sentence with an
.
adjective as its predicate and “7” sentences of type (2)
271
 A
TA aEDiy WBE EHS 2 BASE
PEPER. PA:
The predicative adjective in a sentence with an adjective
as its predicate is descriptive of the subject in function and
tells its quality, e.g.

(1) 1X AF RMR AB BT
(2) $b.09 AT BAR
OQ) ENAFIRA MEET.
“Be (SE ty EH Bi, EAMG?
DUET AYE, BilAn:
The “fj” construction in the predicate of a “jt” sen-
tence type (2) is a nominal construction and it, together with
“2”, shows the classification of the subject, e.g.

(4) IX4F RAR BT AY,

©) AAT
Re A AY,
© EPEFRA
REF
Y,RA,
4. ARE ADEE HE4P GE The adverbial adjunct and the com-
plement of degree
ALA a TARE ob ERIS, they ee a Ta a EERE
4b TEAR TET re Bi ohTEAS TIBOR AS. PERE BEAMA» Xe
BY VEIA BAY FeRE. SER EeseSEAE. REL BER
Ill:
Quite a number of adjectives can be used before verbs
as adverbial adjuncts or after verbs as complements of degree.
As an adverbial adjunct, an adjective indicates the manner or
state of an action; as a complement of degree, it tells the de-

272
gree or extent an action reaches. The action is usually a com-
pleted or habitually frequent one. Compare the two sentences
in each of the following groups:
(D AAFL
HR, AF
MNAAA,
(OFKRPLERKBRE.
BANU (4?) LR, MALRATAD,
4 TR 5,
(4)PY 2 aH 81GB
AR,

D4. iii Words

PSRFE mel
A SCA) £m SMACLMAI
Pete AT Gaile
Bk #Yy AA WA Wh KEE
bo kha CBee AT fF
Ae OR OARS RIE
RH MoE #2 2A hk FR
th MR HH KR FR HK

iq] By AM
273
 | Wk EL A eH OR HM
: am

‘ FCR)Y BE at Ga 3 ¥o
‘| eL & we wu ws
eM er Ree) names
ge ae Ww, 3

ia

Wl TR RR MB BH MR
| KA AMA
274
 ti. 24 Exercises
1. ¥%y: Make sentences:

dd) #& LR
(2)& W, as
(3)& 4 KW Ah
(4) |PJ RLYA
6) HA % VR a4 Je] 8
(6) 3B PEA
(7) 35 ABS Ha
(8) BA Aik Je
(9)fe 4% A ABIL
(10) 3 7F 4)G xp
(Gl) QW
(2 BF
(13) EARS es7N

2. FAS HS? Be FEE aE: Fill in the blanks with either “fj”
or “48.

OPK AWD WR Bigs,

Q) koe Fie OM,
3) 4 A AARIL SHIL ne = WwW
Te] FNo

275
(4) XERIR ARMA, RER_o
) & WALA ILX AE?
(6) RB AP AAT?
1) teBVPRIAGA RUA,
8) TA AFtuXBR~Rhme.
. RURAL ree:
Ask questions on the text using the following words and
phrases given:

(Q) FAIL
Q) # x
(3) #2 fo
4) JU Ee
(5) Be AF
Ov
ate sae
8) AR F
(9): BR ABIL
(10) 3p HS
(1) +t Re
(12) Be va He
 (13) Dede es Ae
4. PE Fae 4: Correct the following erroneous sentences:

(1) EV AK A PS,
(2) RB BH,
L THEA A KE
Ro
G3) BA A fe) FAR AR KAMEN
(4) MPPIRELES FR,
(5) HHA AMIR, KLAN AE,
(6) HA Le BEV Awe AL,
(1) ARANAAB MILK SY,
(8) 4, TH LAEFF AF RAAF2
(9) HmSENLF SRA.
(10) Ay RF EMR AG FRAGF2
5. BUSA PIM Wi: Write out words containing each
of the following Chinese characters:

(1) TG nee ee
(2) 2) AeS: pee eae
(3) AE | te od
(4) MB i sevice tee
(5) 1, We aA Pica See
et |
 (OY <
(7) We

WK, Wx Table of Chinese Characters

278
 Ao #
Vocabulary
A
GB) Gniing quiet, calm We!

(BQ) ba eight

(Hb) ba a measure word

(44) baba father

GB) bai white

(3) bai hundred

(4%) ban class, squad

(4%) ban half

(4%) bao newspaper

(4) bén a measure word

(4) bénzi note-book, exercise-book 11

bié (ft) biéde other 24

bi (Hi) bu not, no

(4%) cdisé multicolour, colour

cdo (44) cGochang playground, sportsfield

if)
 (Zh) cha to lack, to be short of 21

(HJ) chang often A,

(44) chényT shirt, blouse 20

(4) chéng city, town 24

(By) cht to eat, to have (meals) 21

chi fdn to have a meal, to take

a meal On

(44) chuang bed 13

(44) cidian dictionary 12

(Jr) cong from 24

D
GB) da big, large 1

EB (4%) dashi¥guan embassy 24

(44) daxué university 14

(%) daifu doctor 10

de (By) de a structural particle 1

(Bh) de a structural particle 25

di (4) difang place 24

(44) dita map 12:

didn (4) didn(zhdng) a measure word, o’clock |21

didn (44) didnsht television (TV) 14

(4%) dianying film, movies 17

dong (44) dongxi thing 7 20

280
dou Ap (il). dou all 17
duin 4% (2h) ‘duantian” to do physical training 18
dul x (Fé) dut right, correct 25
dus % GB) dus many, much, a lot of 15

% yp ({&) dudshdo how many, how much 20

E
ér Eat, (BO) ér two 6

F
8 eM (&) Fawén _ French 12
AE (4) Féyt French 14

fan $y eS (zh, 4) fanyTt to.translate, interpreter 25

fan TB (4%) fan meal, cooked rice, food 21

fén ay () fén a measure word, minute 21

ay (4) fEn a unit of Chinese money

| 10 fén=1 jido 20°
fu B >) (a) fUxT to review 16

G
gan | (GB) ganjing neat, clean 15)
gang A oe (44) gangby fountain pen 11

giao: moe ‘(F%) gadoxing -delighted, happy, glad 25)

gé i (x) gé © “a-measure word 13

géi 25 (m) géi to give 23

281
 (Jr. a4) gén with, to follow, to accom-
pany 24

gong (4) gonglt a measure word, kilometre 24

(4%) gongrén worker 10

(44) gongyuan park 23

(3.44) gongzus to work, work 16

(4) gud country 8

hai (Fill) hai else, in addition, still 20

(i) haisht or 19

(44) Hanyti Chinese (language) 5

(44) Hanzi Chinese character 6

GZ) hao good, well 9)

(J) hdokan good-looking, nice 26

(4) hdo [ri] date, day of the month 23

GE.4r) he and, with ; iit!

(HB) héi black 19

(4%) héibai placeand while (film) 19

(il) hén very 3

(GZ) hong red 19

(4%) huar picture, drawing, painting 13

(4%) huabao pictorial i

(3)) hudn to return OAs,

282
huang (FZ) huang yellow

(ah) hui to return

(a) huida to answer

G4) hudzhé or

CR) it how many, several

(4) jiG family

(at) jidn a measure word

(a) jido to teach

(3) jido to call, to be called

(4%) jidoshT classroom

(4) jié a measure word, pe-

riod

(=) jié to borrow, to lend

(44) jin a measure word, catty,

equal to 0.5 kg.

(44) jtnnian this year

(4) jintidn today

jin GZ) iin near

(3) jin to enter, to come in

(Bo jit nine

(FZ) iid old

(4) jazi sentence

283
 (3) kan - to read, to see, to look at 16

(4) ké a measure word, quarter 21

(4) ké class, lesson 16

(4) kéwén text 16

(4,4) kou mouth, a measure word 2

kudi GB) kudi fast, quick 25

(4) kudiLyudn] a unit of Chinese money

L
hr (3) Idi to come

(FZ) lan blue

SSa (44) lGoshT teacher

(Sy) li from

(4,3h) lidnxi exercise, to practise

(3) liang two

(&) ling zero

8S
ae
HSE
3ste“ ia (4%) liGxuéshéng a student who studies
abroad

(Bi) id Six

oi
au oly la yn to record, recording

is
yee
Nea ~Jp (44) mama mother 14
284
 (Bh) ma an interrogative particle 3

(3)) mai to buy 20

GZ) man slow 2S

GB) mang busy 3

(4) mGoLjido] a unit of Chinese money

10 jido=1 kudi (yuadn) 20

(4) maoyT sweater, pullover, knitted

woolen jacket 19

(ill) méi not, no 13

méi guanxi it doesn’t matter 19

Uz) men a suffix 16

ming (4%) mingnian next year 23

(44) mingtiGn tomorrow 24

(4&4) mingzi name, surname and name 8

na (fi) na which 8

(ft) nér where 9

na (f&) na that 7

({&) nar there 9

nan (4) nan male, man 15

(i) nan difficult 15

nf (fR) nt you (sing.) 2

(4) n¥men you (pl.) 3

285
 (4%) nian year

- (B)) nidn to read aloud

({&) nin polite form of “{R”

Ge) nul? hard-working 15

(4) ni female, woman 15

to run 2D

to run (as an exercise),

to have a run, to do
some running Je

(4) péngyou friend 11

(4) pido ticket 19

(44) pinggud apple a

qi (BO) at seven

(zh) at to get up, to stand up

qi chudng to get up

(4) gidnby pencil

(44) gién money

GE) qingchu clear

(3h) qu to go

(4). qinian last year 23

286
rén Ze (4) rén person 8

NS K (4) rénmin people i)

rén HRA (FZ) rénzhén conscientious, earnest,

serious 25
2 Xe z :
rong AY GE) rongyi easy 15

sGn aS. (40) sGn three 6

shGn hy (44) shan mountain, hill 26

shang Je (4) shaGngdidn shop 19

shang ECR) (a) shdng(ké) - to attend (a class), to

teach (in a class), to go
to (class) 18

eee (4) shangwtt morning 18

sho (JB) sho few, little 15

shén AK (4) shéntY body, health 4

shén 4 Zo. (4%) shénme what 5

shéng +E 4a] (44) shéngci new word 6

shi a (BO shi ten i

HY 4% (4) shihou time 21

shi Fe (ah) shi to be 7
HEIR (&) shijis world 12
+ (44) shi book 7
shi
287
 (4) shijia bookshelf 13

GE) sha fluent, skilled, experienced 25

(ft) shui who

(4) shut water

(44) shut gud fruit

shut (3) shut to sleep, to go to bed

shuT jido to go to bed, to sleep

(@) shud to speak, to say

(#) st four

(44) stishé . dormitory

(ft) ta he, him

(ft) ta she, her

(4£) tamen they, thém

(4%) tamen they, them

(fill) tai too

(4) tang sweets, candy, sugar

(3h) tT to kick, to play (football)

(4) tiyi physical culture, physical

education

(44) tiGn day

(a) ting to listen, to hear

(44) tongxué classmate, schoolmate 16

288
 (4) tdngzhi comrade 17
tG (4) tishiguén- library 7,

W
(4) wdigud foreign country

(4) waiwén foreign language

(3) wGnr to play, to have fun

(FZ) wGn late

(4%) wGnfan supper

(4) w&nshang evening

wéi shénme why

(Zh) wén to ask

(4) wénti question, problem

wo (4K) wd I, me

(4K) women we, us

(4) wizi room 14

(Bo) wi five

(4) wiifdn lunch 21

X
xid xid (ké) class is over, to finish
(classes) 21

(4) xidwi afternoon 18

xidn Df (44) xidnzdi now, nowadays 21

289
xido (J) xi&o little, smal!

(4%) xidoshus novel

(it) xié a measure wor d, some

(ah) xié to write

iit at (Zh) xiéxie to thank

i GG) xin new

xing Em (4%) xingqi week

FA FJ (44) xTnggirt

CZ HAD CxingqitiGn] Sunday

tk & (By) xitxi to rest, to take a rest 23

ROA
(ah) xué to learn, to study 25

(4) xuésheng student, pupil

(Zh) xuéxt to study, to learn

(4%) xuéxido school

(4%) xuéyuGn institute

Y
(4%) yansé colour 19

(3)) yao to want, to desire 20

(iil) yé too, also

(BO yt one

(4) yifu clothes

(ll) yigong in all, altogether 20

(4) yizi chair uid

yt — xe (Hl) yTa¥ together 17
ying =SEX (A) Yingwén-- English 12
TE (4) Yingyti English 11

ydu Ay (3h) yu to have, there be 10

Ata (4) yduyT friendship 24

yu ik (4) ytta grammar 23

Ge (4) ytyan language 10

yu TA >) (a) yixt to preview, to prepare

lessons before class 16

yuan ize (GB) yuan far 24

yué A (44) yué month 23

}] ies (44) yuélanshT reading-room 17

L
za eS (44) zazhiT magazine, periodical 12

zGi ft. (47.3) zai in, at, to be (at a place) 10

Ft WU () zdijian to say good-bye, good-bye 20

zing WE (%) zang dirty 15

zo -¥- (JZ) zdo early . 25

F-7&% — (&) zdofan breakfast 21

FP (44) zdoshang morning 19

zén ws Zz aE (4%) zénmeyGdng how 9

zhang aK a zhang a measure word 13

zhé ix (4%) zhe this 7

eo
 a 4

— C~ (ft) zhér here

zht (at) zhT a measure word

zhY (44) zhi paper

(Rl) zhi only

(4%) Zhongwén Chinese (language)

4hs (44) zhudzi table, desk

Yor
rir
OM
SS
eS (a) zdu to go, to walk, to start
off

(44) zaqit football

Hern
Re (4%) zu6tian yesterday

=~ (3y) zus to do

292
 e. %
Proper names

fey 2 Aly name of a person 11

—— 4B Anna name of a person 18

ond =
at rs a B&gihdi GongyuGn Beihai Park 26

20 Béiling Beijing 10
ate K Baljing: Daxué Beijing University 14
ALR We%P5 oe a Béijing Didnytng- Beijing Cinema College
Xuéyudn 24

Abe
a KKB oe
Fs Béijing TYyt Xuéyudn Beijing Academy of
Physical Culture 24

Slaw A Si te Béijing TGshigudn Beijing Library 24

ca RES F a Béijing YtyGn Xué- Beijing Languages Ins-

yuan titute 10

ay yA] Ding LT name of a person WES

«4y 3] wy | > «Jinr? Zhdnggué> “China Today” 19

293
By a surname 12

J 8 name of a person 18

<A
R G4 “China Pictorial” 13

TiGn’Gnmén Tian’anmen Square

Wang a surname 12

Xido Wang Little Wang 19

Yduyt Shangdidn Friendship Store 24

Z
TR Zhang Wén name of a person 14
? Zhonggud China

294
 BE MINIS RA
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*

SD SCHA WHE HHHR

CHR C RA FERS 245 )
ShSCE il) E1
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CERES 5) Be4T
AL NS9OLTA
198045 ( A82IF ) B— he
19854F 93= Yep il
HS: CWE) 9050-13
00550
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