ly Md Abdul Alin Asst, Professor Dept. of Sciences, BUFT Email: abdulatim@bultedtiabd Chapter-t Funetion et ¥ aml Y be two sets. A telation between X and ¥ is a set of ordered pairs, eae x is a member of X and y isa member of ¥. A function from X to ¥ isa form (x,y) Wher lation between X and ¥ that has the property that any two ordered pairs with the same » n value also have the same y-value and is written {2X 0. This is read as “fis a fu ct X into set ¥". The variable x is called independent variabl of il the variable y is called dependent variable, The set X is called the domain of the function and the set ¥ is called the co-domain of the function, If the element x of a set X_ is related to the element y of the set ¥ then y is called the image of x and is written as y = f(x). The set of the elements of the set 7 which appear as the images of the elements of the set X-is called the range of the function. Defini func exactly one range value y, " a set of ordered pair (x, y) such that each domain value x is associated with, Ex:y Domain: The domain is the set of all possible x-values which will make the function "work", and wil output real y-values. et of all values that the function takes when x takes values in the Range: The range of fis the domain, a Finding domain apd range of a function When ‘finding the domain, remember: + The denominator (bottom) of a fraction cannot be zero + ‘The number under a square root sign must be positive in this work When finding the range, remember : ossible y-values (minimum y+value to «The range of a funetion is the spread of, maximum y-value) : ; «Substitute different x-values into the expression for y-to see what is happening. (Ask yourself: Is y always positive? Always negative? Or maybe not equal to eertain values?) . Make sure you look for minimum anx! maximum values of Draw asketeh! In math, i's very tue that a picture is worth thousand words.Md. Abdul Alim Asst. Professor Dept. of Sciences, BUFT Email: [email protected] ind the domain and range of the function f(*) a 2 eee A) Ex Solution: Let, y= [09 stion in (1) is undefined. Forx =~ the ‘Therefore, D = R~(-3) cy = 22 -3a2y-x=-y73 From (1) we get, y = 2 => axy + y art =ex(1-2y)=yt3 43 axel 1-2y Now for y = fthe value of x is undefined. Therefore, R= R- Q Fx-2: Find the domain and range of the function f(x) = Vx? ~ 4x43 Solution: f(x) = vx? — 4% +3 = Y@— NG - 3) ‘The given function is defined for (x ~ 1)(x ~ 3) 2 0 Now (x= I(x 3) 20 =9x-120andx—320 Onx- 1s 0andx-3<0 i) () 3 x2 land x 23x 23x [3,%) (ii) 9 x S$ landx $3 x51 xE(-1] ‘Therefore D = [3,00) U(-,1] @ Again all possible domain value of x, y 2 0 ‘Therefore,R = (0,20) Ex-3: Find the domain and range of the function f(x) = Vx? +x — 12 Solution: Try Yourself Even function and Odd function: A function f(x) is said to be even if f(—x) = f(x) and odd if ((-x) = -f(x) Ext: Check whether the function f(x) = In(x + J14 22) is an even function or odd function. Solution: Given that, f(x) = In(x + VT-+ x2) f(-1) = n(-x 4 ft4x?)“ipdulalim@butt edu. = Ing =in(T7aF 4x) =-In@s YT?) =-f@) *¢, {(—x) = =f (x) the given function is an odd function, Ex-S: Determine algebraically whether fix) = 20? — 3x? - A + 4s even, odd, or neither rac6: Is f(x) = x/(x-1) Even or Odd or neither? Ex-7; Determine whether the following functions are even or odd: 2- ffx) — x ~ sin.) fay = VE eH a LEH AID FQ) =I &S bel=3? sinx ww) f= Ex-7: If f:R R and g:R~ R are two functions defined by, f(@)=x?-Jand— g(2) = (x +13 then show that f and g are inverse to each other. Solution: f(x) = x3 - Land g(x) = @+ »F xt Now, Foay(e) = £9) = £(@ #12) = (e+ »y} And, (gof (x) = g(f@)) = 9? = 1) = GP 1+ i= (33 =x (gof)(x), then f and g are inverse to each other. (Shown). Fac8: Find the inverse of the function, f(x) = [5 Hae: If f(x) = 2? 43x + Land g(x) = 2x ~ 3 then find, i) Fog). G0). Fo) (ii) (fog)(3). 90f(-2)a: 1 __ i —_————————— Ma Anau Ahm ASH Protess Se lessor i. Dept of Sciences, sutT {mail [email protected] FWP OY © 2x4 Rand g(x) © 2 then determine (af) and (Fe) Moa find (fC) and (fog) 2 MPG) & 2x F then show that PoP) © (Lop YA) = 7 Let f(x) = Bx ~ Land g(x) © § ~ 2x, Determine 4 Gof (a) and (ga )(0) fi. (fog)(x) and (fog)(0) fii, Solve (fog) = (gof)(x) 4 APY (x) © x7 ~ By and g(x) = vi then determine (gof (x) and (fog)(5) S. Let f(x) = 3x = 1. Determine i (fofyay fi (fofof yey iii, fofofof\(x) 6, Let fand g be the functions $02) = VaX=G and g(x) = 3x7 ~ Ox +1 Find the value of (gof)(3) and then find a general formula for the composite function gof. ‘After having found the general formula, verify that this general value gives same value of (of). 7. For each pair of functions, find (fog)(x)and (gof)(x). F(x) = sinx and g(x) = x° +2 f(x) = 2x? + 3x - Zand gi) iv, 8 Show that f(x) = 3V2x~-1 and g(x) = Prove that f(x) = ed and g(x) = zs are inverses of each other. re inverses of each other. 9. 10. Solve (fog)(x) = (gof )(x) where f(x) = x? and g(x) =x +2