Tabon Cave Lean To: History of Architecture 04

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TABON CAVE LEAN TO


TABON CAVES
CRADDLE OF CIVILIZATION LEAN TO SHELTER
QUEZON, LIPUUN POINT PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES
50,000 YEARS AGO A lean-to shelter is a self-contained construction with three walls
and a single-pitched roof. Typically, the open side is angled away
The 200 caverns in the limestone formation are known as the Tabon
caverns, after the biggest cave, Tabon, which was named after a megapode
from the prevailing winds and rains. A crude building built of logs
bird that builds its nest into the earth. This was the first location where or unfinished wood that is used as a camping shelter is common.
people were discovered in the Philippines during the Pleistocene epoch.

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 04
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APAYAO HOUSE BADJAO HOUSE


APAYAO HOUSE BADJAO HOUSE
CORDILLERA PROVINCE OF APAYAO SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
MAY 09, 1907 ESTABLISHED
The Badjao are known as 'Sea Gypsies' because they have spent
Apayao's traditional dwellings are known as balai, and a balai is decades traveling and living in the same waters. These sea nomads
often an elevated rectangular construction with a single room. It has have created customized boats, usually constructed of bamboo, on
a barrel vault-style thatch roof with a high pitch. which they dwell.

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BAHAY KUBO BALANGAY


BAHAY KUBO BALANGAY
NIPA OR STILT HOUSE LASHED-LUG BOAT
PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES

Bahay Kubo is a square-shaped dwelling with only an entrance and A balangay, also known as a barangay, is a sort of lashed-lug boat
windows. It is made from natural materials such as wood, bamboo, constructed by attaching boards edge to edge with pins, dowels, and
and nipa grass. It is a Philippine emblem that symbolizes Filipino fiber lashings. They may be found all across the Philippines and
culture. were mostly employed as commercial ships until the colonial era.

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BONTOC HOUSE IFUGAO HOUSE


IFUGAO HOUSE
BONTOC HOUSE THE BALE
HEAP TOP HOUSE CENTRAL MOUNTAIN RANGE(NORTHERN LUZON)
CAPITAL OF MOUNTAI PROVINCE
It has four strong posts made of hardwood. The construction is built
Bontoc houses were traditionally built of wood or cogon grass. It of wood and is held together without the use of iron nails. The
was either pyramidal or A-shaped. It was tiny and just had one harvested dry rice stalks are preserved in the attic of the Ifugao
bedroom, so additional members of the family couldn't stay. home. Some households construct a smaller replica of the bale used
as a granary beside their home.

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IVATAN HOUSE KALINGA HOUSE


IVATAN HOUSE
HOUSE OF DAKAY KALINGA HOUSE
BASCO, BATANES SQUARE HOUSE
CENTRE OF THE CORDILLERA REGION, NORTHERN
A typical Ivatan heritage home is one composed of stone, lime, and LUZON
wood with a thatch roof made of native grass called 'cogon,'
constructions similar to those seen in European hinterlands. Kalinga dwellings are divided into two types: octagonal and square.
The Kalinga home appears to be nothing more than a square and
octagonal mesokurtic construction supported by four and twelve
pillars.

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KANKANAY AND IBALAO HOUSE


SAGADA HOUSE
NORTHERN BENGUET, NORTHERN LA UNION, SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
ILOCOS SUR.
The Sagada home is similar to the Bontoc house, except it is
An elevated square one-room kankanay and ibaloi home with four completely covered. It's a wooden box with a high thatch roof that
sturdy pillars supporting a wooden upper floor and a steep hip style serves as a lid. The Sagada home is a "house within a house"
cogon grass roof. because of the granary. Another variant of the Ifugao concept is the
Kankanai home.

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SAMAL HOUSE TAUSUG HOUSE


SOUTHERN MINDANAO & PALAWAN SULU SOUTHERN

Traditional Samal homes are raised rectangular one-room The Tausug home is generally a single rectangular room with
constructions found along the coasts of Southern Mindanao, bamboo or timber walls and a thatched roof erected on poles 2 to 3
Palawan, Zamboanga, and Sulu. These buildings are either placed meters above the ground.
immediately on shallow water and connected to the coast by a
pantan (bridge) or built straight on solid land.

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T’BOLI HOUSE YAKAN HOUSE


BIG HOUSE ZAMBOANGA
LAKE CEBU
The homes are rectangular pile structures that house nuclear
The roof eaves extend beyond 1 m over the walls, making the latter, families. The typical home features a steep thatched roof, however
which is just 1 m high, almost invisible. The stilts are approximately corrugated iron is now used as well. The walls are built of plaited
2 meters above the ground, giving the impression that the home is reed or bamboo, or of wooden boards; the floor is sometimes made
hanging over its location. of bamboo, but is usually made of lumber.

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MARANAO HOUSE NAJA TAJUK PASUNG


LANAO MINDANAO
A long time ago, the Torogan was one of the sultanates of Lanao’s KABBUN MAAS, INDAN SULU
symbol of power. It was the core of Maranao traditional statecraft,
customs, art & culture. The Torogan was the traditional house of The Gable Horn called tajuk pasung found in Tausug houses in the
Maranao royalties. However, it was more than just a residence, it southern part of the Philippines became a popular motif during the
was also a communal house where affairs of the community were 1960s. These gable roof extensions, sometimes alluding to the horns
held. Certainly, no sultanate was ever complete without a torogan. of water buffaloes, served as protective symbols common among
In fact, all of the communities ruled by sultanates & principalities Austronesian and Southeast Asian cultures.
had at least one.

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MANUK MANUK TAJUK PASUNG INTRAMUROS


MANILA
KABBUN MAAS, INDAN SULU Intramuros, or the ‘Walled City’, is one of the oldest districts of
Manila, built on the south bank of the Pasig River around 1571. It
The manuk manuk tajuk pasung style of roof decor is also known as was built by the Spaniards, more specifically by Miguel Lopez de
sari manok (bird) is an Indigenous architectural details and Legaspi, and is bound on all sides by moats and thick, high walls,
ornaments. These Tausug gable roof decorations which occasionally with some over 6 metres high. This is the only district in Manila that
resembled water buffalo horns, were used as protective emblems in has been successful in keeping its old Spanish-era look. The old
Austronesian and Southeast Asian societies and usually found in walls still defend the district, keeping its churches and streets
houses in Kabbun, Maas, Indanan, Sulu. untouched by the winds of modernisation.

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RAVELLIN DE RECOLETOS BASILICA DE SANTO NINO


INTRAMUROS, MANILA CEBU
ESCUELA TALLER MINOR BASILICA OF THE HOLY CHILD OF CEBU
The Revellin de Recoletos, also known as Revellin de Dilao, was
constructed in 1771 at Intramuros, Manila. It was built to support the The Basilica Minore del Sto. Niño de Cebu or the Minor Basilica of
curtain wall's defenses separating Baluarte de Dilao and Baluarte de the Holy Child is situated in the Pilgrim’s Center of Cebu City,
San Andres. The main entrance was blocked in 1940 when they Cebu. On April 28, 1565, the church was founded by Fr. Andres de
rebuilt it into a garden called Aurora Gardens in memory of Manuel Urdaneta. The basilica was built on the same area where Legazpi
L. Quezon's wife. In 1945, during the Battle of Manila, the structure and his men found a statue of Sto. Nino de Cebu. Earlier
was damaged and it was repaired twice in 1969 and 1986. constructions of the church were mostly destroyed by fire.

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MANILA CATHEDRAL TAAL BASILICA


INTRAMUROS, MANILA MINOR BASILICA OF SAINT MARTIN OF TOURS
TAAL, BATANGAS
The Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica is also known as the
Manila Cathedral. It is situated in Intramuros Manila, at Plaza de The Taal Basilica, canonically known as the Minor Basilica of Saint
Roma. The cathedral serves as both the country's highest seat of the Martin of Tours (Filipino: Basilika ni San Martin ng Tours; Spanish:
archbishop and the Philippines' most significant basilica. It has been Basílica Menor de San Martín de Tours), is a minor basilica in the
a site for papal Masses in the country, with Blessed Paul VI and St town of Taal, Batangas, in the Philippines, within the Archdiocese
John Paul II saying their Masses there in 1970 and 1981, of Lipa. It is the largest church in the Philippines and in Asia,
respectively. standing 88.6 metres (291 ft) long and 48 metres (157 ft) wide.

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LOBOC CHURCH SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH


ARCHIDIOSEAN SHRINE OF OUR LADY OF
CALVARIO, SAWANG CONSULTATION AN UNITURE
SAINT PETER THE APOSTLE PARISH CHURCH INTRAMUROS, MANILA, PHILIPPINES
San Agustin Church also known as the Archdiocesan Shrine of
The San Pedro Apostol Parish Church (also Saint Peter the Apostle Nuestra Señora de la Consolación y Correa or the Immaculate
Parish Church, Spanish: Iglesia Parroquial de San Pedro Apóstol), Conception Parish, is a Roman Catholic church under the auspices
commonly known as Loboc Church, is a Roman Catholic church in of the Order of St. Augustine, located inside the historic walled city
the municipality of Loboc, Bohol, Philippines, within the of Intramuros in Manila. Completed in 1607, it is the oldest stone
jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagbilaran. church in the country.

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BETIS CHURCH PANAY CHURCH


GUAGUA, PAMPANGA SANTA MONICA PARISH
The Santa Monica Parish Church is one of the oldest churches in
Betis church is a Baroque style with a cruciform plan, and it was the country and was established by the Spanish missionaries in 1581
built by Augustinians priests in the 18th century which is located built on 1774 by Fr. Miguel Murguia. It is located in the town of
Guagua, Pampanga. It has a length of 50 meters, a width of 12 Panay, Capiz and has the largest Catholic bell in the continent. It
meters, and a height of ten meters. The church's main façade faces incredible weighs more than ten metric tons. The majestic Baroque
southeast and has slender hard wood plank flooring and the walls influences defined by the use of attached coupled piers in Corinthian
were coated with paint and lime and cut stone (de cal y canto) in style.
cement plaster..

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MIAGO CHURCH PAOAY CHURCH


PAOAY, ILOCOS NORTE
SANTO TOMAS DE VILLANEUVA SAN AUGUSTIN CHURCH OF PAOAY
MIAGO 5023, ILOILO Paoay Church is one of the most well-known and oldest Churches in
The Miagao Fortress Church or also known as the Santo Tomás de the Philippines, also known as San Agustin Church, and it is found
Villanueva Parish Church is a Roman Catholic church in Miagao, at Marcos Ave, Paoay, Ilocos Norte. Ilocos region is one of the most
Iloilo, Philippines. It was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage important remarkable places within the Philippines that is both full
Site year 1993 on the 11th day of December together with other of incredible characteristic beauty and wealthy preserved colonial
churches in the Philippines under the collective title Baroque, a time. The Paoay Church’s history started in 1604, though in 1706
collection of four Baroque Spanish-era churches and 1927 it was damaged through earthquakes

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DARAGA CHURCH SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH


MINOR BASILICA OF SAN SEBASTIAN
DARAGA, ALBAY QUIAPO, MANILA

The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Porteria (Our Lady of the Gate, The Basilica Menor de San Sebastian, also known as San Sebastian
or commonly known as Daraga Church) was built in 1773 by the Basilica is a Roman Catholic Minor Basilica located in Quiapo,
Franciscan missionaries at the time when Daraga was just a part of Manila, the Philippines, and was completed in the year 1891. The
Cagsawa. It is a 18th century baroque structure that was declared as a cathedral was known for its outstanding architecture and for being
National Cultural Treasure on October 29th 2007 by the National an exceptional example of Gothic Revival architecture in the
Historical Institute. Philippines.

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AYUNTANMIENTO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR


AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA INTRAMUROS, MANILA
MANILA CITY HALL CABILDO STREET, INTRAMUROS GOVERNOR’S PALACE
The Ayuntamiento de Manila also known as Casas Consistoriales The Palacio Del Gobernador is located at Plaza Roma, Gen. Luna
and Marble Palace, situated is situated at the ancestral district Plaza St., Intramuros. It used to be the home of Manuel Estacio de
de Roma in Intramuros, the original Ayuntamiento was constructed Venegas, a governor's aide. The two-story house was expropriated
in 1599 and opened in 1607. It was the ancestral house of the and used as the official residence and office of the Spanish governor
executive, legislative, and judiciary branch of the country. It was generals until it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1863. Most of
used as the meeting place for the Philippine Assembly that convened the ruins were cleared and turned into a garden by the Americans.
in 1907.

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UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS


SAMPALOC, MANILA
SAN CARLOS CITY, PANGASINAN
The University of Santo Tomas (also known as UST, and officially
The University of San Carlos situated in Cebu City, Philippines is as Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila) is a
one of the oldest local educational institutions in existence. It was private, Catholic research university in Manila, Philippines.
founded in 1595 by the Spanish Jesuits and was named Colegio de Founded on April 28, 1611, by Spanish friar Miguel de Benavides,
San Ildefonso at the time. This catholic and private school Archbishop of Manila, it has the oldest extant university charter in
encountered a rollercoaster experience due to the handling of the Philippines and in Asia, and is one of the world's largest
different bodies of the Catholic Church. Catholic universities in terms of enrollment found on one campus.

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SANTA ISABEL CATALINA COLLEGE COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LATRAN


METRO MANILA METRO, MANILA

The Santa Isabel College or formerly known as Colegio de Santa Colegio de San Juan de Letran is an ecclesiastical college and
Isabel, is a private Roman Catholic college owned and operated by known as a “College of the First Class”, pronounced in a royal
the nuns of the daughters of Charity in Ermita, Manila, in the decree of May 1865. The institution was founded in 1620 at
Philippines. It was founded on 24 October 1632. Santa Isabel Intramuros, Manila from the fusion of Colegio de Niños Huerfanos
College is one of the oldest colleges in the Philippines and in Asia. de San Juan de Letran founded by Don Juan Geronimo Guerrero and
The College was then in Intramuros until World War 2 when it was Colegio de Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo established by
destroyed by shelling and fire in the liberation of Manila. Diego de Santa Maria.

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HOSPITAL DE SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL


SAN JUAN DE DIOS EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION INC. MANILA
PASAY, MANILA
The Hospital De San Gabriel or also known as San Gabriel Hospital
The San Juan de Dios Hospital also known as the Little Hospital of is located at Binondo, Manila. Its history begins with the arrival of
Santa Ana in 1578, was founded on June 24,1578 by a lay brother, the Dominicans in the Philippines in 1587 and their apostolate
Fray Juan Clemente. Supervised by Brothers of San Juan de Dios among the Chinese, called Sangleys. Years later, the hospital was
from 1656 to 1865. Administered by the daughters of Charity in moved to the right bank of the Pasig River in the Binondo district.
1868. Placed under private ownership in 1934. Became known as From the beginning, the hospital was open to both Christians and
one of the largest private hospitals in the Philippines. Gentiles.

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HOSPITAL DE SAN LAZARO PARIAN


CEBU CITY
SANTA CRUZ, MANILA
During the Spanish occupation of the Philippines in the 16th and
The San Lazaro Hospital has earned the reputation of being the last 17th centuries, Parián, also known as Parián de Arroceros, was a
resort hospital. Its namesake propagated its nearly fabled status: St. neighborhood built adjacent to Intramuros to house Chinese
Lazarus, the man who had risen from the dead before Jesus Christ. It merchants in Manila. In 1993, the government chose to create a
is located at Quiricada St, Santa Cruz, Manila. Juan Clemente, a forest in what was originally the Parian de Arroceros in an effort to
Spanish friar, founded San Lazaro Hospital in 1577. conserve the 150-year-old tees that survived the intense bombing of
Manila during World War II.

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BAHAY NA BATO CALLE CRISOLOGO VIGAN


BULACAN
VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR
Bahay na Bato is a type of building originating during the
Philippines Spanish Colonial Period. It is an update version of the Calle Crisologo is located Vigan, Ilocos Sur and was established in
traditional Bahay Kubo. The structure integrated the characteristics the 16th century. Heritage houses-built centuries ago line up both
of the nipa hut with the style of culture and technology of Chinese sides of the street, depicting Spanish-influenced architecture
and Spanish Architecture. The same Architectural style was also preserved for several centuries. The two storey structures are built of
used for Philippines’ Spanish-era convents, monasteries, schools, brick and wood.
hotels, factories and hospitals.

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YAP SAN DIEGO ANCESTRAL HOUSE


CEBU CITY

The Yap-San Diego Ancestral House in Parian, Cebu City, is


thought to be the world's first Chinese house. It was constructed
during the country's Spanish colonial era, when Chinese were forced
to reside in the city's Parians. Following the entrance of Chinese
traders, Cebu's Parian was founded in 1590.The ancestral house is
made of coral stones and wood, and is known among the villagers as
"Balay nga Bato ug Kahoy."

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