Fundamental Integration Formulas Integral of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1.∫ k dx=kx +C 1.∫ e dx=e +C

x x

n+ 1 bx
x e
2.∫ x dx= 2.∫ e dx=
n bx
+C if n≠−1 +C , b ≠ 0
n+1 b
3.∫ k f ( x) dx=k ∫ f (x)dx α
u
3.∫ α du=
u
+C for α >0
ln α
4. ∫ [ f (x)± g (x) ] dx=∫ f (x)dx ±∫ g( x)dx
bx
α
4. ∫ α dx=¿
bx
1 +C for α > 0∧b ≠ 0 ¿
5.∫ dx =ln |x|+C b ln α
x
1
5.∫ log α x dx= +C
x ln α
Integral of Trigonometric Functions du
6.∫ =ln u+C
−1 u
1.∫ sin(kx )dx= cos (kx )+ C
k
1 Integral of Hyperbolic Functions
2.∫ cos(kx)dx= sin(kx)+C
k
1
1.∫ sinh(kx )dx= cosh ( kx)+C
1 k
3.∫ sec (kx) dx= tan(kx)+C
2
k
1
2.∫ cosh (kx )dx= sinh (kx )+C
−1 k
4. ∫ csc (kx) dx=
2
cot (kx )+ C
k
1
3.∫ sech (kx )dx = tanh(kx )+ C
2

5.∫ sec x tan x dx=sec x+ C k

6.∫ csc x cot x dx=−csc x +C −1

4. ∫ csch (kx )dx=
2
coth(kx )+C
k
7.∫ tan x dx=−ln ( cos x ) +C
5.∫ sech x tanh x dx=sech x+ C
8.∫ cot x dx=ln ( sin x )+ C
6.∫ csch x coth x dx=−csch x+ C
9. ∫ csc x dx =ln ( csc x−cot x ) +C
7.∫ tanh x dx=ln ( cosh x )+C
10.∫ sec x dx=ln ( sec x +tan x ) +C
8.∫ coth x dx =ln |sinh x|+C

Integral of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

9. ∫ csch x dx=ln tanh | x
2 |
+C

1
1.∫ 2
du=arctan u+C ,|u|<1 ¿−arcoth (cosh x )+C
1+u
10.∫ sech x dx=arctanh|sinh x|+C
1
2.∫ du=arcsin u+C
√ 1−u 2
1
3.∫ du=arcsec u+C ,|u|<1
u √ u2−1
  What applies to trigonometric functions also applies to
Hyperbolic functions except for certain signs
Integral of Some Special Functions
du 1 u −1 u
1.∫ = arctan +C∨ arcoth +C
u +α α α α α
2
2

2.∫ 2
du
u −α
2
=
2( )
1
α
ln
u−α
u+ α
+C

ln (
−u )
du 1 α +u
3.∫ = +C
α −u
2
2 α 2
α

du u u
4. ∫ =arcsin +C∨−arcos +C
√ α −u 2 α
2 α

du
5.∫ =ln ( u+ √ u ± α ) + C
2 2

√u 2
±α 2

6.∫
du
u √α ± u α
2 2
1
= ln
u
α+ √ α 2 ±u2 (
+ ¿C ¿
)
du 1 α 1 u
7.∫ = arcos + C∨ arcsec +C
u √ u −α α
2 u 2α α

Trigonometric Function to Exponential Function

x −x
e −e
1. sin x=
2
x −x
e +e
2 . cos x=
2
x −x
e −e
3 . tan x= x −x
e +e

2
4. csc x= x−x
e −e

2
5. sec x= x−x
e +e
x −x
e +e
6. cot x= x −x
e −e

Remember!

 2 2 2 2
α + u is just the same as u +α that’s why some
were not included to avoid redundancy