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Unit 3 Written Notes

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22 SAI SUSHMA S
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84 views

Unit 3 Written Notes

cgm

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22 SAI SUSHMA S
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Gor + St is the gio a, compute! with Gonevoting and Siaplaying obs p> on BD Spam. leg: Display pddiion to Gler ond tonightness UNIT=2. A. THREE DIMEN SIAL CONCERTS Nhe Dimension al Dimensional Gwometric moddshing object copresentarione — “Three cute. bransoy mations — Thige Dimensional vtesnlng _ Hilden Suipete elimina ton colo¥ twedela — Vituad voulely — Animation > OD adds a depth property that point Ker or the Swen mony 8D Ys own dap You, Colled a benture, ar SRyectsS ONE created Age. canerk Wow is douved yo and Light Sesite: Sinilot gyropics thot duals ‘ytiyon damenaional gran), 9 ao pels Indi cot ube Ue inoaginerty RK aris pre oe combired » eath with sho Tuulk 16 & 3-D Sut Ole on a oP» Stege whore. m the ERMA f lo “Gee taal sont. ENCE. Co-oRDINATE REFER! This to-orbinate Yeyian@ daxines Xho position and oyantotl on gor ere Pw. of The Conia Phy. used 401 SbEtMing —O PoABUAOL, Ves of 0 aD Spee. it oer i f % 3p co- ordinates Rig yonded Lett \ordad y Y nes ie ~% va 3p Dupla Metinods S Ty poral projection, z- & ordinate 1 dbcorde} and posal. rox gn each Vertex on the, okjece ore extendall, unitl they WWroueds Te Vitus Pore. Bh gic s “yThe, pee a WLewection ts the poetion of Ve verter. we * connact “tho Piglected vertices by Wire. Segwranie which’ Convespand’” We cotmections on Vo srighpl oct. Pd Adcorded diggevent lr charg’ Viho positvon ve car get Wows of 8D obj eck onto) ad dis ploy Screen. = Hy kethoigne UV vaed tn Ergisty and ochitedwte to Teprement an object with a Set ah bp Tolative. proportion oy the. crowtng views thek tnaintall dbject praesion ok ingindg Respective proyecto: <> pgects. prints to the Gluplay plone olerg corwerging ats - Ths will Siaploy okyect amar wher ic is oxy rom Ure. View plore ard of reorly Some. to View Pore, cated FOveAbe beni p courte > wie eoinic Views . ost Qove Hot Ppreaerve proprio anit Sco whan Closet a * ——— TH & Pespattive —-prvjection objects ove, vigwed orks the via Plone along Lines which Converge v 4 ok the observer, oy Canker of, prcjeetion- Leot] @ vepih Cairg >To eaaile identi fy the front. and back of dupogl objects. 2 con be inchudad, yorttous ‘methods. 3 A Sine, vaetnnd to vary tha EN of objpats aceerdirg Yo Yhalt disrarte. rem Uv, jesoing pstin, te porwr Oh \he ger sat bo Vho Viewing | Position cx, Aluployed wilh Che Tyghas Wieesition \ and objets gorttor os we Siapayed with, decroaaing intensities . This effect ig Know ab depth canting: - 1D visible Line and Surface _idantialcoton Wi Frighe Vbe Wsibla Ws ot Sapo rom th By Siggoank — GIT SSS yornidibtla Vina as dosted Wires Remove Ede Nenwisihle Wires, ~ Wewad. anvergp. Lest] _ objects v ey ving patim. ivosing Wornaltt ox with, wil ak Ssuroce Rendering : “> Sok the Sarza@ Intensity of objects according to Vigbting Gantitvont fp the,” scone and .axcigned Surqace, chonubieristta ; rhea wd 2 Tr wil gle More \ntenaity” to shiny Sut} Yorg Yo Gull Saryace. include, dagrea Of broneporonty > Bor properties ‘ a ie by gmeoth the Surgaces Oe EO be. <> Rondning ho user in archtrectwle, Wan games , mote, Simulolors or Ty wsual 2ppects. (Dereded ond cutaway views 7 Te wnsuntain @ herodchica giuctures Ao induce. Internal datalle. Unese Wane Show: the intemal Shuctew and Yelationshps qb the cbjeck pools > fio evpleded view droutng wa typo. of drawing , that Shows the intended owsemby of tmechanica] % othet posits, Tt Shows all posts S| the cuserbly and how pa yt Together > Ost aay vine —, rorove pot op the visible, Surpovcos to Show infeinal Strucbwe, RD Seresseopic Views: Te Gow nok produce a | edfock by presenting dippownt view to € | an dbsetyer so Ehak ib oppemts co. howe 77 frnotin method of adding © Sense of Yedliary “U tp | AW ela nllunne tatnn Giiniarconnte adanat The, SHORRRSCDDIC, >, mages, but it produce ap ach ep A davieos prwank a Views g Sure: som 4a lope aye x One {ot Righk eye. 3) OBJECT REPRESENTATIONS Representation Schetnes fo! SSlid abjects ore often. Aiwded into tw Binad —Caegeries: V. Boundatty. Representations CB— ops) &- Space positioning “fopresertations. Bound Represonparions '- Describes’ O Sd abject 0 Se OF Surfers that Whe Object (orator rota tho. gantvormant, Cos) payer outs, flim pate Oo [Space pout Stoning Yopruomiation:- cath is ured to ducribe Interior properties. the — Spattal Tozlon containing Set. 0} Sina, Hon overtopping | Sopmrate > partidtoniny on objet into O Conti quow, slides, it ron. ‘Feprosentatton, ' = (ea) POLVEoN _suREACES femk, Stor a OpACE dhe. opten. Object, obpe: ies maint overtopping , Aueripeions ah gets Of Surpace: potyg ones which sinpiyia ord spade up the Surface rendourg and Sapoy of ahyects, 3 we specity oO patygor Surqoce, with a sek & vorey tw-ovdinates and oxsoclated attribute. pancienatots, Ynput» the. ch patygey As. to ba wed fabs that ote | and => AS jrpormatton sor eat data oe placed into, yn the SubSequane procexsing dip yronipulation of the CRY ects tables can be esgontxed into | > paryger ok wr groups » Geometric Lables & drribute, Lables. verter, co-ordinates alhes s-tontal ny spat al Gussredic dota to! and porcmetou te fdenugy We orisntation othe potyger Sur por. gorreation ” Rov On objet SeRUyinG Yoo agree Of ronnie As Sorjoce yosiockii ty, ‘and includos porameon ol \he Spee and i Loxtaye chaxacenistic. oy ANB“ Qastenitie dota three \isis has bo Ye created + MA vartexr Lobe © w edge tobe ond & A wlio tao: | Verte table i- contoins comdinote veluat apr Vortex W the ook thok Oia Stored. Fago toble \~ containg painton back into the i Vertex table te Sdonkigy Une Verric9s Aor I | tach polygon tabldge. | Polygon table "- Contains patntem ‘cack into the edgy, table to lonsigy the edge Aor each pdligpn vs Nh { v | | jWeerec pens] fe EDGE “Tne POY GO UREA es Nu ! ; sae. Sp En karks | l | Yor 2a, Eat Va re ie X31 Van XS Fat. BN So By EB A, \ WR 2, Vy) 2 P — Lan ht VEL Se, E> vay XS! Fo: si 25 | si 25, ™ | i > A wriex table and ao polygon Eoblo, ate los | Cerneniont jor vawing © Campenen \unce ond Sone, | j edge eputd gee dra twice, | Ah jor lored tho. {con Apt the Ap, ERE Ee 13 iFB,F | to obs rd Sore. > we can add extra inpormatto ? Another possibility is bp Wwe only a. potygon tnblo, but this luplicater tw-ordinate thzorratton, nto the data tables jer jute ingormoation axtyatiton > we expand the edge table to include forword pointers into the potygen toble so that eonmen 4 be, tdontizied edge betwacn polygons oul > Ty ts useful {pr sugar Randoting Tears that peyoroad by a _Gaaphits ackage,’ Oe ! 1) thak every verter. Is litod Qs “an cirdpolnk for Akicca HO adgps. %) thak avery edge Is poxk of 2) thet SOY polygon ig elosad > paut’ Ore Shorted toa ora polygon, |) thak each pelyger foe “Ok edge. and 5) that ig the edge table eontains pointes to patygons: cerery edge vepetaned by a polygon Potntet rou Ge TeCiprocal potter Back to the. Pyge: Bat va,vai$s Fat Vary SuSa | Plone _exypatttong » » : ft all SS Byimation obtained grom tha Veber Coordinate Values and oquations that ducwibe th polygon plara “Tho Quatin “YPr Plane Sorpoa Can be, expretsed | te the yor | Pereyra sD =O who. Gays x) is any point: of the. Plane. ond ty, | W-eppicknts A Bia and b axe Conalonis Sucting tre Spatiel properties of the plore, ww Gy Glock 3 Succemive Paygan verses CKN WZ) Exar Ya) Xo) Od CKary3 %g) And Gwe, the Sowing Seb gf Siroutternous Wraox plore ‘action yer the Tables FY; Blo, @ C/p. Cody fp y+ (Vp)Z% Fy Kena, 3 The Salution yor This Kt of equations can bo i I Obtained Sm dakeiminanl gorm, wire) Croma_ ne i ose : —<—_e | 7 1 oY, Za | x 1 zy my! = "Yo Zo Be fm 1% Cel xy | 1 Ya Zs yt 2g Xe Ys. i ee i | pe Yo. Zo | ll 1% Ya Z condinae #§0n, pres oxproxad 2 ord he ducing Heo, — dd Sdve ae ation, =1,9)3 can be ork We J! 2 Yo) 2 YB Pupanding the deberminants we con Unite the. w- -oppy clams in the sour Cajeulatton }ov the plane e Rot ye o-Z3) 4a (23-71 YryalS-Zs) Boz zylearka) + Zi(va-e) +290 %-%2) C= Malys-Yah4 Maly s-Yd +Ralyi-Ya) B= 1 CYazs~ Yazo') — x (Yaz) —Y)2a) —Xallyia~ $221) Plone, qquations ote uscd to Mentigy the position g | Spatial paints Yolative to the plane Sargatos San ‘Object. jor any poine (x14 .z) nok op a. plone. wb | Potamarex BIC B, we have, Moca By cz+D 70. we Can i dantigy the point Qs Litho Inside oy Oullside the plane Surface ce to the Sign 1% foc rey tere: : is Revpyrezed 40) the paineouy “Dis imide, | te Surface 1 focTRy tee >6 tbe point Cry 4 the Surface Poiy ot_ MESH ES gS. “2 Me RAPE OF palygo> tah 18 te bangle | Strip. Tis funcbion preduces h~g, connectect toni | lange Given Yhe t-ordinabes yore vortiens, _s Anethoy Simileri gure ib the quadyilatera} Yoerhs which generates o math of (nr) byCm-1) quadn lakewale. Mol Trew dairy | Ship or wits 9 Hwangles | an YR, Vortices, i | | oo ® quairiate rah canroiniey 2 | uodmiatonls inane qromnd. sbyy Angi Vertex, | ony ae i How 3 9 0 Cin Levies LANES BUD SIRFRCES: |S duping 8D camel Lins ard Sargotos Con be | suc, from On inp Seb gi tnattenablica! | dpedions defining, tie dhjedk oF “earn a St of | wot sypcigad data paints Is ust AD |G done with tvanglet patygor potthes i any polagon ate th | bo ampwe anok Oven y ‘Y Falgge te Het, Hateroy C1) | Avail reortex, ous Gebansn QSPNERE - | sin cartesian w& cording tos seurve and Sutiae equatiore can ba expr arsed in dithex Q posanaivic oy & Won para matte farm. AYWADRIc_SDRERCES * -» Deseribed wlth Seton dagres equations. Vroy incule Sohws, allipsoide, tows, pora boloids cd hypetbelois > wore, Complox. ohjeds can be Sprow + eluiproids eoratricted. WING a gphwucal gyypace with yodiu -¥ contend on he coordinate. org’ Aosined ox the Set Of points (xiy,x) thot cottsty tha @ypiation xy Zh RE > ephotied Swrgoea, tp patametaic Jor and’ longitude. angles % given by using \otitude. = eosfeah -We hey Y= yeosgsihe -W <9 ey x= 1elng @)_exwpenip: > Te coyteslan vepraentallan por points vor bho, Surow of On adipscid contend on, te oyin is a (%)*eC-4) (2) fPoaatnetsic: teptesente blo, yor tha ellipsoid tn berm Of the lolttude angle, and the \ongituta angle. w qe by ' C= Wycospese Wy, 2 $2, Qe wy COSpsin® =-1se92q ZS 2 Sing © TRvs, > A toma 6 a doughnuts chaped object 2 can be Gennrated by vornting & chreke of Othwr conte. about o Specizied axis, > Tho, covtestan ‘Tepresentation zor Ponls oer te i yo Yorus Gb ye Wik in the. | Te ie 5) ye y> any given oppset Yule potametne Teprexentar‘ant X= xlr vcosp)cos8 = -V 2g eT Y= Tyr 4 cosp)sing. -m ger % > x ding ous a Neg Baner} i a “hg tons who wav Sh rey) Chyler Cros Sectiy \ , } Yaes tentend om the. ! cn ordinate, org. Looe Vicon's @ gurerauadercs ~5 Addin’ additiona! poranddors bo quedeic Tepresentations to geb now Objsee chops. <3 The winked ob additvonad pootarnaeots used ts equol ko tha Gimendion of Che dkyed= ony: portamatert yor. unver © two pontarreren OY Suypater. & super BLP : Contteava Supet atlepse equation is (AV (Yes) Ys _ \ wi sit Mie S$ con bo cusighad pao) ‘Volug, Whon $= S21, we gab an ordinoxy ellipse . Poxametric equation % . x= Ry Cos $ v Y= Ry sup : ' | | | Saporotipsc plotted with digpetant: Volust fer | Partaneaber § with Te=My [9 cuca gtsnsoiD cartesian representation {Ov Suparollipsetd ig [taSagrey say ordi wont allipsord , “for Sp = Spat, we gee ‘an ee wos cosy s ye Ty as'¢ sie ZeNy sin we GeV < UV 46ST i | } | | > Pootamatnc Teprmertatton : i I t i | Cs > Some se. ots dm nck alin a {hud Shope bub change. thay surface choxattatistics Yn curtain rddtons OF wren th prowinnity to othat Gy ets (gq) mokwlot gules » que oppecks, rnalting cj ects, rnusces shapes in tho hemor tbody « oa BDd_GOMETNIC AWD MODELING ~TReNGrORMATTONS bject | aekhodé 9° Georeine ap Oote extendort 1 idotation {2 tha x cp-oWdinake. wator droplabs) thor Lrangornmat ions ond ¢ modeling ‘nh yom &b rnornada by induding con [URANSLITOIN * j an 6 3D oO pair 16 Translated yor position pe La yz) to position pl=Gxiyliz') whh Wm matrix opeation 4 ee cre A = one 8 \ oo) -poo 1 hermngeraae (oor Ainate Yeproentation @) pe whew X's xXtbe és 1 bad ecb | vy FYthy 1 | ahck4\y, | j | ae) i [+ | re Lentyte) ; Gah A | aay | ¥z onus, Faron Ohjack yepresented cs a. Sot of Potygen Swifoces we transloka each verter of | Rach Surface, CALING * “the taht representation jor Sealing wrt co-ordinate orgin is | | eal Sy 0 0 0 x | yl |e Po Aye o 4 | 2) “o O80 z ‘ o 001. : or & | ps8. P Whee yh. x. Sy ee) Ue ca 4, | z= 2-&, i i | \ | | 4 \ { | 1 ty Pe oa vt Senin w-RT_ Axed _ PANT : VeTramlate the yived point to the orgin: a. Seale the cbject relative to the wordinate argthy 2- Translate the pred point back to its on'ginad ‘positon. [mati veprosantation Veg, Yip Zp) SCSardys Se) Teg Up 2H) = Se 0 0 U-Sx) XT 0 sy © Ct-Sy) Ye Oo 0 Sz Cl-S2Ry ° oO oO | LQ ve | (ened a oy LY a . Lf © Big < A "1A J | NL owe ipze) LK Seng) Pos | ee [ROTRT ON: i >To mate a lath ~ trmnsformatien jaan objects Gazignate er Onl o, Totabion # He ti | atnount ¢ Angulo Yotation, SD unio ad Applications , what, a transtornatoy Oda. courte, out in the xy Pore, a sDrotatin Cet be Spovigiad onouind, any Aino. in Space. | Tr. easiest volabin ona & anda. ona. thaw Chat arta portaila) Eo the. (w-ordinake Anes, <5 flbo We Can we Combirabions of Co-ordinate Coes Yotatiom to Specity any general “rotation [ -5 positive angles Parproduca county dock wig ‘Yelotton . [ — |eecordinate ies faeaiin,, | 4 | b oT ] Fig positive, Tolatton directions about the co-ordinaie OKs Ge — Countercinckiititeg , whan \ooteig Yound I tho, ogi {yon a pottive orbinete Poston” on each cals, i a i, \ far an Ge. seormatting Drotatin pre, to thee Ds, nate orgs ation. MQ | Equation gor_Yrotion: _(x- ons) aris) se cose - Y sind. \ S. 2 accine xy cos wat ere /\ 8 > angle yobatton. fry horgqances coordinate 4ovTM « he an x aga TOL equation Aste. cxpsrorsed on ‘xl rote - ding © O i" yl ~ | Sing ase © 0 y 2! ° o \e zx ' o o ot} JUL pl: Bere Rotation about othot two ous rotations about. ithe. =P Transtoymat’on equations 4 9F can bo obtalrad Orhwr Aug Co-ordinate — Hee With Oo my ete petenusatefop of Peano. xy #2 in the agpration, te wordlhote 8) uae Khe. Yephntonants KY R77. | Rickedton eepstion’ = yoos = % Sind 4st hate {nO 4% OSB a (nn RE Honeog.eneo ts w ordinate yom xe) “Fr 0 0 O % Ws ‘ Jy] Fl 9 cap-sine 0 4 \ o Sino Gb 0 x Ls * Lo oot In | p= RLOEP (Roles about y avis | Rotation aguaation: ziszu0-% Sind yc! =X sind +4 C0 yey Matix Representation - cl ‘cos 0 Sine O7 fi qt |= | | L? pre Rilo) subs b | . | | | 1 | | | x! ee ar 8 | | | | 1 | | | i Po WN Hroigh oles: |GeveRo. ad Roca TONs » - | @ ‘rotakton mokix {oF ary [coinade with a -qordinake — anls cary be Sek UP O cmnposite tramagoy mation soyolving combination. anig thak does POE, | jp} tranetecion ard the to-ordincte, omen Yeu Rokatton of Gn object about an oxls_paraitel to to-ordindke cous, YY Wonsdake the. object So thak the. Yolotton-axis Coin cides with the peotattel cp-ordinake. axis. & payor the Specigted Rotation aboub that mus 12) Tanslate the Objet So Bhab the Yotatton axis 1S moved back to les oniginal position. "ds ' ia et Sriginal_pssition dh, ~rarvate toa eis Onto edo Kony se ( piste mi es ~ Paiter. i 7h eae i ins oom 0 Rotation gp an objec abo an ons rob on potato te any co-ordinate axis, I |! Warklate the object so thot th, Yelation Orig | passes Uiveugh the ordinate ongin, a- Rotate the Objech so that the axis rYotation coincide With one of the co-ordinate, Mee f j3+-Pertoim the Spacipied Yotation about that Co-ordinate axis, [h Bpag toverse sotatiine to big the Totatton | Gus book t the Ovyina!’ Onventabton, t 5. Apply the inyexe translation to bring the ; Wiation cris baek to ity ortgindl postin, 7 a lon, Axle linale la | original bt Pn. Rotation | a / 4 Potation } Vnverte jee abou DOxis [> paration vanlafion —umsroqunrong, | TH addition to translation 1 Yotattan and Scaling, thee Ge verrious additional transformations that cote Useful ih ad qyaphics applications Ti oe 2) Regteetvon 6) Shoo , Reglo i | +> Reglacttone com be performed relative to a Sdecced Y4lackton als Gey) oY wert a Sdecked Yvoflackion Plane tey, yx. xx): “7 Replection mobic ax et up sinioaly bo those yor ap > Reflections relative to a given axis Oe Qquivalont fo |) rotations About thal ord. |-+ Reglactlons with Yeepece bo OG plane ate eguivotort to We Yotattons In AD Spacer Te manix presentation gov the Yetloction a |Points Yetotive to the xy Plane ts ' 0 6 RE, = ® 01 0 5 | o 0-1 Gg © @ o | y = oa Reflection Relative \Y. : be XY plang ° aL. x x [SireaRs: > Shean Lransyortations fan be ued by vend fry Ohjeck, Shapos eee J weal In 3D Viewing 40" abtoining projection, Lreneqor mations A Swe ap Shewivig, , og b > omignd any stool Yaluos. comfesite “Tranejormalien [5 We Yorn & composite abd trangpernnations y rouripying the tatthe yoprosontattons spo the, indiwduad opotactons inc tho, branepoymation Seqpante . | + wncatenakion & cant ad ron right to loft. <> Yee wypemost Tritt: tg the GE tronatevmnatton tO bo applied to an objet The Wgtmnme matie F tho late raneyoiratt, 30_opsect | RERRESENTBTONS - CoN TUNUPATLON SPLINE | _REPRESENTERION ! + Th polis oO Srna = awe Vorough a. designated — Sok oh poicts, a fleiible Shp ealled Gi ig wed. 7 Sling ton be Toarbematically —dlestribed with 1 Piecewise cubic Polynomial function whese fist and Second doiivatioan ote Continuous across the vate ou Cue — Seckions ~y We can Specify Q gpline — cuyve by fring Set OL cr-ovdinate positions « Catlad ‘control points which Indicates — ihe Gorral hope of ithe wane. | i | | | JOMRAPCLATION AAD NPPREMTTION SPINES: | by when polynomial) Sections cro. Fitted . $0 tha’ { the cuvve. Passes Ybrough aw contol points» thik curva I$ eatled interpolate the get 4 contvot points. when the Polynomvole arte find bo the pal; which is nok. necoseanile possi tho! au Control points, thot cenve 1S > Called “apprerimmate, the See Gf contrat poinis : wi oS iterpotatiery Spline pprowimate spline. BSNS Gil _ esti connwage HP To enue @ — Smobth tramitton prem One Section o], plowwise ponowetic aivre te the | F Rext, We can impose Vorlons, Conetbolty at the \ Connection points ‘ee tannin etna fenmeenesmenaacsonie with @ je first and lio vari ow | airing Set ints which. DNS, So thok points » thak contyol the path h all opppicei mate. ae spure. m one to the ya | tg dusctibed of cach section Of gpline with a Sek Of paotamate ¢ qw-ordinate -punctions q the pom, oe eee) 4 qe gua) me AOWY UjS VEN, BH ie Set by tokching the potowetvic Aptivarives of adjeining wo anvet sections Ob theiy Common boundary « Gopinortc_continuity © — ayuire povomehic tn thig Ce only dotivarives a bwo section, to each other ab their Common equal to each Other. he proportional To houndoty watead a ovo_orday_povatets’o _continthty *. Cc? eontinal ty) Tt reeane Givply that the Cowes mest 4 A (ta) he values oY yse walucted Gb Ve {pr the frst uve Secklon. ote, eqpisd to the Valuer Of My. x eyoluated at vy por the Penk Gave Section zejo Orde! Guorratrio continuity « Le 48 Game o% Zoro ordot perometyic, Continuity J te) the two enve Section musk hove the Same. &- ordinate, position ab the boundaouy point First swumetic doxivadiog of the cy-ordinabe function, 4p two Gaccentive. cre Gections ote. equa) ot the. jotnung point, jie order Geometric _aontinult Fis posainetric doniyavies of Une wardinabe. sponekions Ae vad Gucnemtive GAVE Seckiong Oe cee (i me ve c CF tly | “fist and sown pxatnehs | Wordinabe position, two A Joimng paint Second 1x Gaommadvic continuity | cee as ise and Serond —_ eBtamnarte gatralives of th. to ordinaze, pesitons “YS wo Gaver ant. propsttlonal | db yuinind — gotek t o doxivakives of thy. curve Sections ate Same ve the BU Point qn ordinate. tons. Ote. -ordinake ing Oobe. the. ate sane 6 0}, tre propetttonal ALTER CORYES! a" Be ig Uaed 707 —y dromind by dering polygon yD Can he Htled WD any ho. a central points > Howen2, ay narebot ef conto) paints (nerens.ct , the. Sogice, of Bector polynamial shee \neremes, conctnuctton Op CUMS —Exomplas: PA ge \ \ Aor Po a 8 a cure with 3 Control pv by carie with. 4 —convrtl paints, propaatics Oh Te. basic qunttiong O% dead, ~> Th hoe pawer through the Capris! points. yirce and Lost ir The bogie oF the polynomial Saptning the tusve Segment: is one los than the Wo. of dagini ng, o podygon point . Oo for W torte points = the degres a patynomial is three Cie) Uubic polgrani al ~The Sve genoially fotos the Shape Of (Eq) © Beaior tuyve and ie 4 fontrol pols . Beer bunting’ function Bez, bv) Oe | | fe Ps pos é \ | pr may | Bh y | . Bervtain pgnenia. They om syesgied & px, od > ctmey Q-v)* a \ ctnwy = SY WOO) =e Exowis EE i Degen oh fotypeneial “9 | eonddor thak he Wve Rap H—Conmal _ points, 1K vokies 4yvom o to N- canmre) points. We % NAVE 4 t ob 1 Xe venules fron < = vy? Fg ld = ecaid) UC > olal. eciwy = B40 > oye! i eat (ER greyeetes Va We C18) | shew 2, 2 | i; e &y) doesy*® patsy { BZ vg ioy = eo) = 3) = S\,e Byaey) 338) ‘1 @-), ay BN oy | # BGM, | % n- | pee. Cu) = mk) ODD ; Pons. ote ecg) = 3h 2 Bligy (So aieD, alt r = ay%y-vy? ® A - Ke ne k Bez, Loy = Como) % 3-38 = ety DOO» perpen are "ai ead) = i a\te-2) 9 | 2 Vw -v) > 2 ZL * B ped = Cay H+ vero Fa +39 Lv) Pat Fhe ictus, _ " epnetvack «Ere Bediey aye of ode 3 2 wth K pelygen vowco: ACIS BCA) CCH), DEA). | whe a, Malek canerel points. | pwd Crewe, & WE—ud? Pv ave WP + OPA, osvsl, vahose Beak Me tatat mm the Cuwve BL Pa, Par Pa = SS Mtpd = Poe Ee iy BLY,4) = Op? aye 3CyDO- My) rca 3) ¥ 3( a) *O- YS (4.3) HQ) Com J = (yor Yad (aya) + X\GN49) + (¥,)° 3) ear Gie Gad * 9 tat lok) hy bry on th ~Varuy e 2b to tdey sk ir O Baw aby be aut ahve + Beet Ake Gi br th ba (as “| Ba on sale gars, ate ) tm) 2 O-% yt Cv 80%) O- vay (a, 2) + a) 3 (Ye) A-Vadv 8) AUG) CO — = (YsPeuny # WP 83 dra lens = son) 4 30D + He “hes agers MY ee ett Lgx FBAXS a] (a3) *Yelbr) {pee etn sia saemchoas I ~s ye = 23, ( a) 2 Lows a-815 ) BE) = o-oo 4 stp o-%) te) Ee BC) U-3z) 3) seg?tb) ss a = (Yc) + 30%) U9) L229 AAG (Us) x 2 tem) fi bs yy 4243 FAR TE by acy a aw eve Toot Ase AYULyb 5 eu any bh , rgeaatat | = (Lynette AAST ORNS bi by =Vosq 2) = (A. SV 8b) 8-21S owes by 3, C ‘ Jean ! D | meee : gh -7 % % i oe”, a oe ) Exompe consol _painis GV) (2d and (aiid yea, nner d control points pezc dv = 82 y"G-0)® Kin ol (a-Si = a a 2 VO-p)® sb-0)™ pez voted = 2) Sow” VO) = aul) ex (DY = ay 2 Way ajar) Ft 1. 8-0 = y® pod = O-97R sayl vhs UP Assomt VO Yyo Ya) yr. Poyg) 2 O=YE 7d + acy Va) Cae) oi (a) (2) anon AYSC%) (2.2) Hy) Yast) - s Lord Gita (au 4 BOG Kay a akan] w 16, ee yy eu) carl Lae | . \ = jess » AHA w'd find $or pos d.p8y). HW Xb \b Py =a Le l= a 1 Sa POI 22-5, \9¥ OG | yer = ~ (3%. %e ) | , t t | B_spling Sones ave den advantages cvor Rextey B Spins h Spins Poa The daga0. oo $ be Set independontly B apline palynomiel can op the ®9- 4 wortrol points ; a) Allow Jocal control OVOT the. Shape qe Spline Cuyve or Surface. iS the docqree- ob cu veriox ond convene} | 33 only wou jy yeduece of, Ce curve “U | tp educa the BO- ob to incre =the dagyee- tp Wneveoue Hhe WO~ ot vortices. wrice G thOE the yao “A The Sesond Chanock’ of blending yuncsion is nonconw 40" all Vatus oot Eno. enttte Cue. | | { | povomete! B apline wre is que by 404 Vow 0 204 0H WA v | | n | _ , | Ru d= & P - By gale) Vrnin | | Vig be £0 5 Oa) | o othmwise - By Co) = } i | Rwdled = Vetk Baal? * Ogg —U < ~ —— Unda OX Osea | i Sa {eomragorienrn fia’? \ . Bia da Cv). The Valu of Ux ie the elaments “of | kro veetoy » Example? - petetming the binding junction ‘for unitorm periodic Raping Cavve por N41 Solution» - d24, Neh deh K-> 0 X08 i Jerot vectors = N04) j = hiyats 4 i OAS WE LS | Range of, Pacarmces v au pom ow 8 | | Bud OO) = io Be db a&sd-0) | a | | Bead ato | i t dat | _ Bo,\ 0) + [OF Bo” Coar-DRy SVE ‘ \-) 8 a-v) 03] rat oAN Ryo? | kro WKS OE Oey > OF US) Bo, Wo) =} Osvsl > | Bare v2 £0E3R DRED | Bary (oy =) \aueo « Baye) Beveh | hen d= Kel | oes . | Blond y =2— [eontaa aon onal a-) a | = [oem ao wii | — oot |e | uM | Boady =} 9 sve) 2-v \404Sa. Beuadws = R gehenshrmaale) | a-\ = [to euhe* 30 mr i cng [Bia vd fe \40en B-b «2 4 NE8 Substitubing u-1 qo U iP By.) Boa tw) > {en 242 e3 y\ev S2beh uthen ol=g . | me Bogi)= [eo-aaoa tr som | | ae J 1 yev V S962 oexe\ 2 G9 ] 3-0 405 3 Soe | 2-0 1459 | : | Co yy 4) i | Beagle) 2° S=8= ‘ | yvo-) ay, Lavon} 1 avnse | | yy tgev)™ BWSvsd | (v=) Bi 32) & Cra-V)R lO] | mt : | | Busts 1 1 vi Vsved #4 way agusa. aw fr 2E0%" \ Wy Beu sy t ¢ | | &Q= 5 tyary V404E 2 i j yGevilv-a) ague3 | yy toe) Gv} 93 y, (4-0) Beven gupsterutirg UT EY Se Bara 9 : i | I | i { a. * 1 Byj Lod | RBiuys) ve War 24sve3 , Yo bv-2) Mav) SLes-vIlv3) asvey 1 $0ga | A aeve 3 | yy ea)? yeves | : Subsituhy nq v-v gor Bo,3. 2s *, Bas= fh (v3) 3s04h _ | Ys, (0-BVES-VYF Y, bb-v) LU-A) ENS | & seat] L ya lo-vd 5 Seve ‘Uhon det ; is | 2 Af CueoSBoyy yOu) 4 org Bgl) | & ont? # a i | )=L]-y Yyv* 06021 |, 3° YaPO-U) HVC YO) LEVER Loy G-wi® Leve3, eves LS an J 4wn® s0ee Ya lu-ry (3-0) + yan) : ue % ae Bevey = | yw osbes , | { \ 2 » CoQ) EL Ca-vd to-1) FL (4-v)0-1) 4» C-v} ¥ A Ca-v} to-1) a suey My WG-0) *ra. (4 V9) G0) a ty-v)®a~ a) g asveg 4 pCa) Reve Substituting, v-\ for U th Boy. Baayo = 4 wars \20eQ | n | Ap twasoa Ges) HE (49-2) 4 | 4s (soy)? g2VE3, | i (yA, CVO -WI4 1, G-vP wa)! ssvey s a8 wh ev45- { i } | Supstituting V-} pou Vin Biya, | bast Sp wart 2463 4) = Pr Ae tye2dtv- 4a, ©9345 fist) 3 sv c\ } t | i | AC veayes—u) Pade Lev) tua) + A le-vtv-a) 4 Sves a EB meek THREE _ DIMENSIONAL ViEWiNtts PIPELINE THREE __DIMENS ONG Modelling Modeling Co-ordinates} Trangfovtnatiny (. Pijjection, rit et ae bronatonratil v7 i : men co-ordinates OSTEN coordinate, PRoleons: once world. coordinate Tducription of tho. joa Sane We converted to viewing 2 Con, project Khu ‘dyer direorcionat two dimanctond vies Bone obyects cy -o¥din AERA, Wh afyedts onto Ene show wu Two Yast c _pajeaton Spooigltel povgyectian 2 perspective projection guia gaoyetin’ I B outta ‘prep joe tranctvined to Vow pane: oor yoni) ros, clon » Co-ordivate posl ong | Diy portal projection, Acurgte views of the vw \4vey Q2ve2 \Q-v)4 yp 3ssvey Sabshteasting oN) for U in Bay. 993 Baa? + (o-2) acusy Se tv-No-s) GX eA love a) + \ trevdto-a)® 4evee, Aue ale-o + Ap GL v0to-a bv L(y) Lo~ Aer be * S Perspect ve, project on produicea “Yeats tic. Views . bus dirs net view vortious Sid of On object. } | ined boty fonter peitt- stic. a, On of dstant Ghyerss Oe Smailon ecbs Of the the prajection > prgjecttone than the qe proj ecttone a ot} Bome Sle thar ote closer to plane . - Pagneler PROTECTION Two typ Of postattel prgjection () orthoqraphle parallel , prgjectton 4 oblique pevtatlo} prgjection - echon the. prxyertor ‘\g__perpenidiualon fo. the. vod plane. , dt UU catled OV thOYY phic. paxattel postion. : dicuboy 60 by when the pryjedion ue nok_perpence > fhe view plane.» then ie catia oblique, porattel projection hee f We enttograpinie oblique projection. oanGROeNne Say is Wed to and tp views gq oP objec. arte, sho and foot owthoqy apnic projections produce tha yronty Side, ED OE an Cbjeh We cailad “elevations. Sop orthegrapnic pagan ie coiled PorevView &) Engineoti ng £-qrehitectura) dvawings’, | > @thogrophrc Prdjection, that display roote thon. ore gate Of Gn Object. arte called Oxone metic orthogrophic projections. | Most commonly wed arcenometvic: projection the lgoretvie_prejection Reape ns ; ie 7 Tsometic pryeetion ts Obtained abignieg { ‘Wats jormattin eqprations oe On, ovthagraph’ ¢ poviatel projecticr ole Cho at forward, 5 tho. | view Plane & placed AF position Zup al tre Zy mis, then Onq point Geayiz) In | Viewing co-ordinates ts trons tomed to prgjection ‘co-ordinate: 0% The “prgyection vactoy . with bre cube diag Pore view, mgs 4 move. alloc} oct & dining Ly nt aphic a Qection Hp Oblique projectron iprgjecting poinis along parattel Uno [papandicular to tne projection plane . j-> fn oblique pagjection yectoy ig | bun angles. oe and g Wes cc ig obtained bY that @ie not specigied hth ao? 4 see" a Ar = Se eppoint Cuy x) 18 prajected tp postion Coeprtyp)-on Ha { view plane [7 atthe gbophic prgjection co-ordinates on the plore. ov Guy) tye ine yrom Cary.) bo Cepiyp) >the oblique pryjection ling er the projection rook, On angle % with the plone — that yoine Cp, 4p) ond Ouy) SThis Lin, of lengip Fb, Wook on angle the prajection plano g with te | hekxcntol ci'yection In projection co-ordinate. in terms of HY LRG can bo. exprosed 8 Xp = o+ Leese | dp y rh Sing Lx Longtty daperde on the ange % \ x - co-ordinate of the pore: to bo paajeced as tone = 2 rl Ly iwewe of tare, also the Velo gy iho, Cbbiqyue prcjectior equations Can tbe expiowed as = x4 ZCr, Wsy ) Up = yre OH sng] Nol pope tiny ty FBonsgpimotion XS you Bw ayy) pom i \ & \.) ws a M ooacttal ~ ‘ n ob 1 WSng 0 5» oo oo o te wage ° Common Choiies for cu gota. 30° and 45", > cotich Aizplay @ tembinekion of He ont site, ond. top Cor yok: sida. ord botkom) view a Gn efiert. > Comroothy, wed Yabug Rot-o¢- One. sae 1 & tynn2g when = AT? (xe) | a, “The Views htolriA Ga ated” Covel PIGRCHOAE. AL Lines ferfondi whet to tho = Nihon 21 to oy why Side. £ Gn ft tang solien projection plone ake projected wtb’ no Change in Sangth. whan ox =» & C ton badd aeffe Viaws ohisined OX called cobinak peajectin, “Pll Lines Papendiculor — to the Miewing Surface one projected ok one holt, thaly torgth thon cavolrer, became ~y Appem Were ‘realistic 4 this yedutttan in the Jangib. RRERSRECTIvE PROECTIONS ' To obtain & perspective object + Lransyor points along mot ab the projection Tosrenca, point. Projection of & ap | projection lima that | we seb — . >i te Projertton Yefetence petnt at positten Z prp the Xy ons. £ Wow pine at A vp. then Coney i poxamete equation fs paca?) — ts ~ eek tu mn slower” lyi= y~ ge |=. Ih ez Cee Xap dy (P Zpp Z ! Wipe from o to 1 porometor utes Voli sty zl ar eprasmnie org pot along. tie projection (ine. | wiken o 4 P Ax.4.%) 1 > plo o%ppd on the Woo plane x! care <= Stove x! aguatton 4a pawumetet wu along (he prgjection Kine. Ayp? X- (x Amp) & Zyp-% =(Epp-X) & -;uUs Zyp-% Arp | Qubstiture the Voluas of UL tate aypation wayyy | Povpectiva | bronezornabion: equation. u ape x (hae )- Zpp —* «(4 -) |. dps %pnp- 2p | Zp - = a — HL Ape ag em. 2 Zep? ) tp os 2) _ , ne PRL | Fatal ee) cpp vy (dec) \ ato J MXpp-* Lat Eason zg | “Crone foimetibn_ wath, £6: ; Oo hw By 8 ° | ey t \ 0 6 \° wf ey \e olde fell 7 | a =%, Zee Lt J | | | ‘ j calayate the new positrer the block tated vojectton | About the x Creis by B = a0 degrees The ongined w-erdinates of the Block: arte given valative In he global ny x cows system: & Oto] Bla 2), Cla22 7, DL a 2 wend I) 1 FH, Cs Aen |a), eS s { ANYMATION * Computer Animation is dezined oH any time Sequente, of Wieucd changes ih a pictwe. Computer animation — tould display time. vouations {object Sixe, color, Erarsporency Or Surface, texte, BD Advertising Grimations after transition one Object Shape into abotter, 1) Taarayorming & can of motoy of} into Cutomabile. engine, > Computer aniinationg can ako ba qprenated by changing Cometa pwiameterx, such ox positron. orientation and focal Length | { | Two types:- [re yr 1. Rood Ete animation > Fach Stage of the Seystorte is Viewed ag ik te: evoatod « > way & Sirovlotons. a. Frame by “Home, anim > Foch frame op the motto ws Sepwratehy generated Gnd stored - > wed fv movies, eign oy Animation Sequences » 1 Se consist a the Prowirg- Grgpes Lirne, vaowaitons o lextwte, Jon one. Into tod by ositron. viewed ax oparately @ koy © rome. spect ification @ Sronoras{on of n= behuern free, & oy hood \eyjout: =r outline Bre action | -y Rough SAeledat : | 2s Wor of the baste idecs ~for “the, Motion, tok Aatine motton Sequenca. as a Set OG} basic avents Ehet ote to tava Place [OBTECY DEMTONs: = Given 491 Rach poatttipank in The Otkion, | => Hefind in eam 4 ule. Shope. Ceppatysen spina | | > Ovsoetateh — Tnoverrenis 4% gar, Object Oke | Gpacigied long with the shape Heer FRAME | 5 Detailed cowl Of thn Sorws ok coven y tone, in the antnatfon, Sequence [eerwration op i1~ Dokivcen rorre: Ss Doioimedinta {rom betwen the Keay pyres, | . => Debwrmnind by media to be used to disploy the, animatton A Serotal Compute! ~ Anmattey punettnn: | Dy object mransoutat tons D Roritori | 2) comota motions C Motto tan be genstated according to Speriqic. eposroints ual 2p oy 3D trandormation, > sandoul “gunctions Goh vton be appied » to identify visible. Surfp@s ont apply the, Rendouing Qhgvithrns -> grandad —cammta. movement ‘axe. Xeomning Panneng biting | RASTER ANIMATIONS > we Can censtibe yea) time, antnatton In - havi . bint limitedl — apputations wiry Taste! opwtations 7 A Simple methed yer translatton ty the. AY Plone & to brargey 0 vectang west block of -picod values 470m one. Lacotion to anethy, > we CAN. Totate vectorgulan blocka of pivols ‘Theugly Oxtbitaoty Anglos using Sohiabrihy precedente —y we can. ako animate, objects along 4wo dinersional molten pathe using fhe, Gor Fable tanszorma) (orm and oes 0 ‘na}ormation div bo the coming | ton tn Won tho_ Amt hlork another 5 pixets sion oy ~y Wwe predegine the Ghject at Sulcens ive, position ang the ease he. motion path: and sot- guccewive block, of pita} Votes tp color bathe entries, > we seb the piel ae Oh} ect to on’ valu > we got the pivela at the. other chjack positinvae to the Bacrground ootor ~> The animation & then accomplished by chargirn abject a the It position of the. the. cotoy tabo. values, so that the. Ton’ ak succenivaly posi rons. omMPUTER ANIMATION EAN GON OES © og pom syp tere a) pontrsterxced sypterns 3) senpting. systems ‘key FRE SYSTEMS “ry benginke each Sek oP botinen ppempa px0re the. user Specigied hey -}7omes (aor move) “7 For Complore Starnes, we can Sopetate Fhe yromes into. indiwelual Comporants. Callod cas ' Moypning ‘Trane, 0 mation y" object! ghaper spon one form to another : i | y ey a ling, Segient | ao wm ae ES ae PL key ny prone hay cy Royparre. x kay ay ‘Vrongoinaing a “riongle Arto guadnilatera) ljeny Mex ree From. Kal | (roneiol Preprocersing Yules ao aqualiaing boy froma in beim of gither the. numbed 4 ed ges oy nubs \* verittes Jo be. added to a key frame. > Suppose we equalize, the edge tount 4 poronter, bic 4 bag, denote the number gy bine Sepmants We Fen Consecutive. >yomes Synan = 90% Che egy) min= Wn CL, baad | and Ne = mow wed Lin i Ng = ib Heat 1 Canle. i sr athe, Y nition: porariero, Seaton eproeosing is oftemplhed by ap 4} ; i 1 binding Np edges 4 hou} worn, | . 2 i 2 dividing the Yemalni hy Une oh hoy q TOME iy into Neil Sectieny n into Ng Sections MH we egualia te verter couuk , Lge * painmnetow Ve @ View tO preprecewsiry Sate, vertex count be [dototinina ie ve. of Verio. | | n> Mortvie Views) g. Nus-mn=1 3 mad mine ) Win = mintvg, Vier) Wp > int Mnow >) poryowed by Vani =! \- adding Nppis 10 Nx, bir Seitiond of KeYpIOM a adding Vp-t PAN be The remaint rg edges of Kes {TOM™ mip, + Fuotion Spec ipieatians V) Direct motion gpeeigicateona D bool pryocted Systernt | sy yirwtnatics #, Byemice | : , | le cook NODES \ color rade) ty a methed fo aiplaining the proportion ot behavior 4 toler within Some, particular context 4h ip undowtandirs hoo ctor Is =r Color woth 18 my XC. venmented on O _ Vico ronivotty pinion, ple | 2 oyment veooringS of colo” 2 paAnking : x wyanslongtt Sf, \Wisible Night a Kruinoe yt patoprton exer, enedel 1s spear feation q eyes ord, gu space. vitnin yo ingle pols. are) sependingke thot gunn, Wwe, | | cach — color iS vyepregented propariter of Light. I whet wo perceive as “Light " or diggeunt Colors \e WO POD speqpeny, Yond wtih: the. elect. 1: Magnetic | epectrum, | pox “proqponey bands oe, Se ee : _ loge sgvea “Gnd X- Toys.” t | Fach “Yreqpenug, Value within the visicla bard so eoryesponds bo diutind: aber. 5 Yew Foun: grad plorny ard a aed ator, 1 Haghot | fraqsonay To Wel cota 1 Wor anges foe red, orange. Yellow, Green, biuas £ vidlet- & \ of 4 | 322 ga%. 8 z § £68 | & oe £e B x -7o.2 (> 3s SSO ee ee C= anu polsec Characterintvc of light: - inane freq, (Dominant wovadength) ' | > tated hue. oF simply the lor of the, \ Weg | | dyad gh FENG J | ey ; > CBtons eked - NOrouRRs, bang green , Fog, Chott) chondaistia of Nght: - a > Brightners S- pacoived internity a the ight _y is the Yadiant eno ornitied | Tntemsity” | pat unit bine, pet unit Sol argheotc Radiné enagy is. Aalaked t0 the. duretnanco. a the source. purity oF Salwradl en: @ how poe the color op, the ihe | j postity! - doacibl ~ appears. Jempowernierty /- | ay is vsed & ejot cottactind y Yo tre & | j Propenie auciteing, ener Charade Sach OA | podty R Aorta] spogpen : Colon dea inivons Cornplernan tus eaters TH *88 caoy SOShey ww wo . sounds A | pode while \ight Ahoy axa “cegared 10 | congerent eis . supe | Green &megent phety allay Color Gort’: Hw Wo, 3 Glos to dbisin a wide yange oi cols mney calor 2. OF 3 Clore tod to produce cthey caine DO coor adel i een eee al Y We tatty model! - / - @ xyz clo rectal Pouuen H RVR Giev mneda) / avy & cmye ato rnodg. ® Ro vs CMY ® Via v © modal ~/ 5 a. aulrgeral | @ we inated Y [sey talot nado Mandad primaelas j | > Gin@ sno. dinhe et of eat Aight onycog | : F con be combined to display al) powtible alow; | Bs Standard primaries wave. dagirod b | He Tnrernaitond cotomission On i Vurninatton. Yapatited ae CE Cearornission, ,Lntainattorla | | ad Exiciirage) . DOr prrrncertor eliminate nogplive Valse cher I eoarchirg Gnd othe proame cveocioted | Shocting Get of 140)! proses i- : fealty Writ | IE ) 3 pomay talss Oe. Aogired ratte madicall . : Bsn Diath gy ak Sonos te wlors, ton yates, cet tated Ue, with My xyz colo} ynodal ! j -y Tre Set Qh OE prinnortes Ye Yopored to as AyR sole vooioh Any who G, » Fer exproscl Cy = AK WY AZ uy % SP yepreant vectors ip Space |X Madu» yeprecenk the ved | qyeon pool of @ opton, & values for”. vy to VS°oNT oO. ap additive celoy a We \eghterows 4 Volust : 00100 Ane ue. /yalow part, Pa Los B83 No Vol. yepreucrt zx Volue —y vepvesent | Vout bokwaun’ © ond | | Gols Yelue ropottons cm be Specigted eee , ye, # Haas KAYAK KAYAZ whine wayte =) ! ‘ ARoe coor wodel t= Used in célay CRT moniror (5 Om Ras coler spo@ a color 1s daxirod by Ubsly chavo gf YedeRy, queentbo and Blve Cp) called | ex prima eatons ee Pt ts an additive coloi mob) in “Which the Cotoys coe acheived by rising the Yeepeckive chit, ~> absdtute value ‘rongos from 0 Lo ase | | | | | i | ww 00 & FF 1 | tee . | Hexadesiina nogton is in tha 01m Paes | i > UH all Sharer ote. 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