Name : Ariq Fauzi Ridwan

Class : 11 F1 – B

NARRATIVE TEXT

1. Definition narrative text

A narrative text is a type of written or spoken communication that tells a story. It is a
form of discourse that presents a sequence of events or experiences, usually in chronological
order. The primary purpose of narrative texts is to entertain, inform, or convey a message through
the art of storytelling. Key features of narrative texts include characters, setting, plot, point of
view, and a resolution or conclusion. These elements work together to create a cohesive and
engaging narrative. Narratives can take various forms, such as novels, short stories, folktales,
myths, fables, and even personal anecdotes. In addition to fictional narratives, there are also
nonfictional narratives that recount real events and experiences. Autobiographies, memoirs, and
historical accounts are examples of nonfictional narrative texts. Overall, narrative texts are a
fundamental part of human communication and have been used throughout history as a means of
sharing knowledge, culture, and entertainment.

2. Sosial funtionof narrative text

Narrative text has several functions as follows :

1. Entertainment: One of the primary social functions of narrative texts is to entertain. Stories
captivate audiences, providing enjoyment and a temporary escape from reality.

2. Cultural Preservation: Narrative texts often convey cultural values, traditions, and customs.
They play a crucial role in preserving and transmitting cultural heritage from one generation to
the next.

3. Education: Narratives can serve as educational tools by imparting moral lessons, historical
events, or scientific concepts. They make learning engaging and memorable.

4. Socialization: Stories help individuals understand societal norms and expectations. Through
characters and their experiences, readers or listeners learn about social behaviors and
consequences.

5. Identity Formation: Narratives contribute to the formation of personal and cultural identities.
Characters and plotlines can resonate with individuals, helping them understand themselves and
their place in the world.

6. Communication Skills: Reading or listening to narratives enhances language skills, including

vocabulary, comprehension, and the ability to express oneself. This, in turn, contributes to
effective communication.

7. Empathy Development: Narrative texts allow readers or listeners to empathize with characters
who may have different experiences, perspectives, or backgrounds. This fosters empathy and
understanding of diverse viewpoints.
 8. Entrenching Values: Stories often convey moral or ethical values. By presenting characters
facing dilemmas and making choices, narratives encourage reflection on values and decision-
making.

9. Community Bonding: Shared narratives create a sense of community. Whether through

folktales, myths, or shared stories, people connect over common cultural references and
experiences.

10. Preservation of Oral Traditions: In many societies, narratives have been passed down orally
through generations. This oral tradition preserves historical events, legends, and cultural
practices.

These social functions highlight the multifaceted role of narrative texts in human society,
demonstrating their significance in shaping cultural, educational, and social landscapes.

3. Significant lexicogrammatical features of narrative text

Lexicogrammatical features in a narrative text refer to the linguistic elements and structures that
contribute to the way meaning is conveyed. Here are some significant lexicogrammatical features
commonly found in narrative texts:

1. Past Tense: Narrative texts often use the past tense to describe events that have already taken
place. This helps create a sense of storytelling by placing the audience in a timeframe separate
from the present.
2. Action Verbs: Dynamic and vivid action verbs are used to depict events and movements in the
narrative, creating a sense of immediacy and engagement.
3. Temporal Connectors: Words and phrases like "then," "after that," "meanwhile," and "finally"
are employed to sequence events chronologically, helping to structure the narrative.
4. Adjectives and Adverbs: Descriptive words are used to provide more detail and imagery,
helping to paint a clearer picture of characters, settings, and events.
5. Dialogue: Conversations between characters are often presented in the form of direct speech,
using quotation marks. Dialogue contributes to character development, adds realism, and
advances the plot.
6. Pronouns: Pronouns, especially personal pronouns like "he," "she," and "they," are used to
refer to characters, maintaining coherence and avoiding repetition of proper nouns.
7. Modifiers: Modifiers, including adjectives and adverbs, are used to modify nouns and verbs,
enhancing the narrative's descriptive quality and emotional impact
8. Connectives and Cohesive Devices: Words like "but," "however," and "therefore" are used to
connect ideas and create coherence within the narrative.
9. Repetition: Repetition of words, phrases, or motifs can be used for emphasis or to create a
rhythmic quality in the narrative.
10. Figurative Language: Metaphors, similes, and other forms of figurative language are
employed to add depth and creativity to the narrative, making descriptions more vivid and
engaging.
11. Direct and Indirect Speech: Narratives may include both direct speech (exact words spoken
by characters) and indirect speech (paraphrased or summarized speech), depending on the
stylistic choices of the author.
 12. Sentence Structure: Varied sentence structures, including simple, compound, and complex
sentences, are used to create a dynamic and engaging flow in the narrative.

These lexicogrammatical features collectively contribute to the narrative style, enabling authors
to convey meaning, evoke emotions, and engage readers in the unfolding story. The specific use
of these features can vary based on the author's style, the genre of the narrative, and the intended
effect on the audience.

4. Generic structure of narrative text

The generic structure of a narrative text typically consists of three main elements: orientation,
complication, and resolution. These elements work together to present a coherent and engaging
story. Here's a breakdown of each component:

1. Orientation:
- Introduction of Setting and Characters: The narrative begins by introducing
the readers to the setting (where and when the story takes place) and the main
characters involved. This sets the stage for the events to unfold.

- Establishment of the Initial Situation: The initial situation provides context for
the narrative. It gives readers information about the characters' backgrounds,
relationships, and the circumstances they find themselves in at the beginning of
the story.

2. Complication:
- Rising Action: The complication is the central part of the narrative where the
main conflict or problem arises. It involves a series of events that build tension
and suspense. Characters face challenges, encounter obstacles, and the plot
develops through various twists and turns.

- Climax: The climax is the turning point of the story. It is the moment of greatest
tension or conflict, where the main character confronts the central problem or
makes a crucial decision. The climax is a pivotal moment that determines the
outcome of the narrative.

3. Resolution:
- Falling Action: After the climax, the falling action follows. This part of the
narrative explores the consequences of the climax and begins to resolve the
conflict. Loose ends are tied up, and the story moves towards its conclusion.

- Resolution/Conclusion: The resolution provides the final outcome of the story.

It answers lingering questions, resolves conflicts, and offers a sense of closure.
 The resolution may also include insights, lessons learned, or reflections on the
events that transpired.

While these three elements—orientation, complication, and resolution—are common in narrative

structures, it's important to note that not all narratives follow this structure rigidly. Some stories
may have variations or include additional elements, depending on the author's style, the genre of
the narrative, and the specific requirements of the storytelling. Additionally, in some narratives,
authors may choose to use flashbacks or non-linear structures to enhance the complexity of the
storytelling.

5. True Brother

One day in the past, there were two turtle brothers named Apin and Epin. Both of these brothers
are very liked by animal friends in the forest. At one point, the two turtles met with Apes,
Rabbits, Bears and other friends. This turtle brings them their own fruits. One of the tortoise's
friends, monkey, had bad intentions towards the goodness of the turtle. The next day, the monkey
went to the turtle's house and met Epin. Kera intends to take Epin to the next forest to attend a big
fruit party. But on condition that Epin should not invite Apin.
Epin was confused whether he would leave or not. With his cunning, the Ape persuaded
Epin not to invite Apin on the grounds that Apin kept the fruit plants in his house. Epin agrees
and intends to leave with Kera quietly without Apin's knowledge. Unwittingly, Apin heard the
conversation of Epin and Ape. Apin pretends not to know Epin's plans and he intends to follow
Epin without his knowledge. The next day Epin went with Apes without his brother Apin.
Apin followed Epin and Kera because he was worried that his brother would have a
problem later. On the way, Kera began to get bored and impatient with the Apin turtle whose road
was very slow. Finally Kera left Apin alone and waited for him at the end of the road. Apin
continued to call Kera so he would not be left alone. Apin tortoise continued to walk until he met
Kera who was taking a break while eating his banana lunch. Apin took a break and ate his fruits.
Kera's banana stock finally ended up eating, but he had bad intentions to take bananas belonging
to Kura Kura.
Finally, the Kura Kura banana was taken by Kera and brought away. The Apin tortoise is
caught by hunters. Seeing this incident Kera tried to approach the turtle caught earlier. Arriving
there, he saw a turtle tortoise eating a lot of fruit. Because Kera was very greedy, he again tricked
the turtle tortoise so he would swap places. He persuaded the turtle to exchange places on the
grounds that his sister Apin would be worried if Epin didn't go home soon. Epin was also willing
to exchange places and before the hunter came back, he had to leave immediately. With his greed,
Kera was caught up in his own plan. From that moment the Ape was not seen again. Then tortoise
Epin lived happily with his relatives and friends.