NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)

5A Section Worksheets Solutions

Solutions

5 Applications of Trigonometry in 7. QP = QR = 7.6 cm

1
2-dimensional Problems Area of △PQR =  QP  QR  sin Q
2
Basic Worksheet 5.1A 1
22 =  7.6  7.6  sin 
2
1. Area of △ABC
22  2
1 sin  =
=  CA  BA  sin A 7.6  7.6
2   49.6207 (rejected) or 180 − 49.6207
1
=  6  4  sin 33 cm 2 = 130 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
= 6.54 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1
8. (a) Area of △ ABC =  AB  BC  sin ABC
2
2. Area of △ABC 1
42 =  9  12  sin 
1 2
=  BC  BA  sin B
2 7
sin  =
1 9
=  8  5  sin 145 cm 2
2   51.0576 or 180 − 51.0576
= 11.5 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 51.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
129 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
3. BC = AC = 9 cm
Area of △ABC 1
(b) Area of △ PQR =  PQ  QR  sin PQR
1 2
=  BC  AC  sin C 1
2 60 =  20 10  sin
1 2
=  9  9  sin 40 cm 2 3
2 sin  =
= 26.0 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 5
  36.8699 or 180 − 36.8699
= 36.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
1
4. Area of △ABC =  AB  BC  sin B 143 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
1
9.5 =  x  6  sin 48
2 9. Area of ABCD
x = 4.26 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 2  area of △ABC
1 
= 2    AB  BC  sin ABC 
1 2 
5. Area of △PQR =  PQ  PR  sin P
2 1 
= 2    25  28  sin 50  cm 2
1 2 
27 =  x  10  sin 127
2 = 536 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
x = 6.76 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

10. QR = RS (property of rhombus)

1
6. Area of △ABC =  BA  BC  sin B = 8 cm
2
Area of PQRS
1
16 =  12  7  sin θ = 2  area of △QRS
2
1 
8 = 2    QR  RS  sin QRS 
sin θ = 2 
21
θ  22.3927 or 180 − 22.3927 1 
= 2    8  8  sin 158  cm 2
= 22.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or 2 
158 (rejected) = 24.0 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

1
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

11. Area of the quadrilateral WXYZ 6. Area of the shaded region

= area of △WXY + area of △WYZ = area of sector OPQ – area of △OPQ
1 1
=  WY  XY  sin XYW +  WY  YZ  sin WYZ  138 1 
=  π  7 2 −  7  7  sin 138  cm 2
2 2  360  2 
 1 1  = 42.6 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
=   7  8  sin 60 +  7  4  sin 100  cm 2
2 2 
= 38.0 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 7. WXZ + YXZ = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
WXZ + 140 = 180
Enhanced Worksheet 5.1A WXZ = 40
Area of △WYZ
1. Area of △ABC = area of △WXZ + area of △YXZ
1 1 1
=  AB  AC  sin A =  WX  XZ  sin WXZ +  XY  XZ  sin YXZ
2 2 2
1
=  6  6  sin 50 cm 2 1 1 
=   9  6  sin 40 +  4  6  sin 140  cm 2
2 2 2 
= 13.8 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 25.1 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

8. Area of PQRS = 2  area of △PQR

2. E + F + G = 180 ( sum of △)
72 + F + 38 = 180 1 
40 = 2    14  PQ  sin 72 
F = 70  2 
Area of △EFG PQ = 3.00 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1
=  EF  FG  sin F
2 9. ∵ Area of △ABC = area of △DBC
1
=  8  12.4  sin 70 cm 2 ∴
1 1
 AC  CB  sin ABC =  CD  CB  sin DCB
2 2 2
= 46.6 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1 1
18  9  sin 60 = 16  9  sin (θ + 60)
2 2
3. ∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle. 18 sin 60
sin (θ + 60) =
∴ AB = AC = 7 cm 16
A = 60 (prop. of equil. △) θ + 60  76.9767 or 180 − 76.9767
Area of △ABC θ = 17.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
1
=  AB  AC  sin A 43.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
1
=  7  7  sin 60 cm 2
2 Basic Worksheet 5.1B
= 21.2 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1. Let s = a + b + c .
2
1 ∴ s= 7 + 5 + 6 cm = 9 cm
4. Area of △ABC =  AB  BC  sin B 2
2
Area of △ABC
1
24 cm 2 =  AB  AB  sin 30
2 = s ( s − a)( s − b)( s − c)
AB = 96 cm = 9(9 − 7)(9 − 5)(9 − 6) cm 2
= 9.80 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 14.7 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

1
5. Area of △ PQR =  PQ  QR  sin PQR 2. Let s = a + b + c .
2 2
1
60 =  12  14  sin PQR ∴ s= 8 + 10 + 4 cm = 11 cm
2 2
5 Area of △ABC
sin PQR =
7 = s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)
PQR  45.5847 or 180 − 45.5847
= 11(11 − 8)(11 − 10)(11 − 4) cm 2
= 45.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
= 15.2 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
134 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

3. AB = AC = 2 cm 1
Also, area of △PQR =  QR  PS
Let s = a + b + c . 2
2
1
∴  24 cm  h = 23 040 cm 2
s = 3 + 2 + 2 cm = cm
7
∴ 2
2 2 h = 12.6 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Area of △ABC
= s( s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
7. PQ + QR + PR = 54 m
77  7  7  26 m + 18 m + b = 54 m
=  − 3  − 2  − 2  cm 2
22  2  2  b = 10 m
= 1.98 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
PQ + QR + PR
Let s = .
2

4. (a) Let s = BC + AC + AB . ∴ s = 26 + 18 + 10 m = 27 m
2 2

∴ s = 15 + 9 + 8 cm = 16 cm Area of △ PQR = s ( s − PQ )( s − QR)( s − PR )

2
Area of △ABC = 27(27 − 26)(27 − 18)(27 − 10) m 2

= s ( s − BC )( s − AC )( s − AB ) = 4131 m 2
1
= 16(16 − 15)(16 − 9)(16 − 8) cm 2 Also, area of △PQR =  PR  QS
2
= 896 cm 2 1
∴  10 m  h = 4131 m 2
= 29.9 cm 2 2
h = 12.9 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
1
(b) ∵ Area of △ABC =  BC  AD
2

∴
1
 15 cm  h = 896 cm 2
Enhanced Worksheet 5.1B
2
h = 3.99 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1. Let s = a + b + c .
2
∴ s = 29 + 23 + 20 cm = 36 cm
5. Let s = EF + FG + EG . 2
2 Area of △ABC
s = 10 + 16 + 21 cm =
47
∴ cm = s ( s − a)( s − b)( s − c)
2 2
Area of △EFG = 36(36 − 29)(36 − 23)(36 − 20) cm 2
= s ( s − EF )( s − FG )( s − EG ) = 229 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

47  47  47  47 
=  − 10  − 16  − 21 cm 2
2  2  2  2  2. Let s = a + b + c .
2
=
95 175
cm 2 ∴ s= 4 .9 + 7.2 + 4.1 cm = 8.1 cm
16 2
1 Area of △ABC
Also, area of △EFG =  FG  EH
2 = s( s − a)( s − b)( s − c)

∴
1
16 cm  h =
95 175
cm 2 = 8.1(8.1 − 4.9)(8.1 − 7.2)(8.1 − 4.1) cm 2
2 16
= 9.66 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
h = 9.64 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

6. PQ + QR + PR = 60 cm 3. (a) Let s = AB + BC + AC .
2
22 cm + b + 14 cm = 60 cm 15 + 25 + 30 cm = 35 cm
∴ s=
b = 24 cm 2
PQ + QR + PR Area of △ABC
Let s = .
2 = s ( s − AB )( s − BC )( s − AC )
∴ s = 22 + 24 + 14 cm = 30 cm = 35(35 − 15)(35 − 25)(35 − 30) cm 2
2
Area of △ PQR = s ( s − PQ )( s − QR)( s − PR ) = 35 000 cm 2

= 30(30 − 22)(30 − 24)(30 − 14) cm 2 = 187 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

= 23 040 cm 2

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

1 AB + OB + OA
(b) ∵ Area of △ABC =  BC  AD Let s1 = .
2 2
1 8+9+9
∴  25 cm  AD = 35 000 cm 2 ∴ s1 = cm = 13 cm
2 2
AD = 15.0 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) Consider △OBC.
OC = OB = 9 cm (radii)
4. (a) AB + BC + AC = 60 m BC + OC + OB
Let s 2 = .
9 x + 5 x + 6 x = 60 2
7+9+9
20 x = 60 ∴ s2 = cm = 12.5 cm
2
x=3
Area of quadrilateral OABC
= area of △OAB + area of △OBC
(b) AB = 9x m = 9(3) m = 27 m
= s1 ( s1 − AB )( s1 − OB)( s1 − OA) +
BC = 5x m = 5(3) m = 15 m
s 2 ( s 2 − BC )( s 2 − OC )( s 2 − OB)
AC = 6x m = 6(3) m = 18 m
 13(13 − 8)(13 − 9)(13 − 9) + 
Let s = BC + AC + AB . =  cm 2
2  12.5(12.5 − 7)(12.5 − 9)(12.5 − 9) 
15 + 18 + 27 m = 30 m  
∴ s=
2 = 61.3 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2

Area of △ABC
= s ( s − BC )( s − AC )( s − AB )
7. (a) Let s = BD + AD + AB .
2
= 30(30 − 15)(30 − 18)(30 − 27) m 2
∴ s= 8 + 12 + 10 cm = 15 cm
= 16 200 m 2 2
1 Area of △ABD
Also, area of △ABC =  AB  h m
2 = s ( s − BD )( s − AD )( s − AB )
1
 27  h = 16 200 = 15(15 − 8)(15 − 12)(15 − 10) cm 2
∴
2
= 1575 cm 2
h = 9.43 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 39.7 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
5. (a) In △ABC,
1
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth.theorem) (b) (i) ∵ Area of △ABD =  AD  CE
2
AC = 24 2 + 7 2 cm 1
∴ 12 cm  CE = 1575 cm 2
= 25 cm 2
CE  6.6144 cm
(b) Consider △ACD. = 6.61 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
CD + AD + AC
Let s = .
2 (ii) Area of△BCD
17 + 20 + 25 1
=  BC  CE
∴ s= cm = 31 cm
2 2
Area of quadrilateral ABCD 1
  7  6.6144 cm 2
= area of △ ACD + area of △ ABC 2
1 = 23.2 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= s ( s − CD)( s − AD )( s − AC ) +  AB  BC
2 Alternative solution
 1  Area of △BCD
=  31(31 − 17)(31 − 20)(31 − 25) +  24  7 cm 2
 2  1
=  BC  CE
= 253 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2 2
1 AD
=  BC  CE 
2 AD
1 BC
6. =  AD  CE 
2 AD
BC
= area of △ABD 
AD
7
Join OB. = 1575  cm 2
12
Consider △OAB.
= 23.2 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
OB = OA = 9 cm (radii)

4
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

Basic Worksheet 5.2 6. By the sine formula,

AB BC
1. By the sine formula, =
sin C sin A
AC AB
= 8 cm 12 cm
sin B sin C =
sin C sin 103
x cm 6 cm
= 8 sin 103
sin 44 sin 48 sin C =
12
6 sin 44 C  40.5099 or 139.4901
x= (rejected)
sin 48 A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
= 5.61 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) θ  180 − 103 − 40.5099
= 36.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2. By the sine formula,
AB BC
= 7. By the sine formula,
sin C sin A a b
x cm 5 cm =
= sin A sin B
sin 121 sin 30 13 cm 15 cm
5 sin 121 =
x= sin 55 sin B
sin 30 15 sin 55
sin B =
= 8.57 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 13
B = 70.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
3. A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △) 109 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
39 + B + 73 = 180
B = 68 8. By the sine formula,
By the sine formula, a b
BC AC =
= sin A sin B
sin A sin B
9m 16 m
x cm 8 cm =
= sin 155 sin B
sin 39 sin 68
16 sin 155
8 sin 39 sin B =
x= 9
sin 68 B = 48.7 (rejected) or 131 (rejected)
= 5.43 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ∴ There are no solutions for B.

9. A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
4. P + Q + R = 180 ( sum of △) 32 + 110 + C = 180
34 + Q + 106 = 180 C = 38
Q = 40
By the sine formula,
By the sine formula, a b
PR QR =
= sin A sin B
sin Q sin P
a 7 cm
x cm 7 cm =
= sin 32 sin 110
sin 40 sin 34
7 sin 32
7 sin 40 a= cm
x= sin 110
sin 34
= 3.95 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 8.05 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
By the sine formula,
c b
5. By the sine formula, =
BC AC sin C sin B
= c 7 cm
sin A sin B =
15 cm 13.5 cm sin 38 sin 110
= 7 sin 38
sin  sin 50 c= cm
15 sin 50 sin 110
sin  = = 4.59 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
13.5
 = 58.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
122 (rejected)

5
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

10. A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △) 4. By the sine formula,

45 + B + 50 = 180 a
=
b
B = 85 sin A sin B

By the sine formula, 3 3m 9m

=
b a sin A sin 120
=
sin B sin A 3 3 sin 120
sin A =
b 18 m 9
=
sin 85 sin 45 A = 30 or 150 (rejected)
18 sin 85 A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
b= m
sin 45 30 + 120 + C = 180
= 25.4 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) C = 30

By the sine formula,

5. By the sine formula,
c a
= c b
sin C sin A =
sin C sin B
c 18 m
= 14 cm 20 cm
sin 50 sin 45 =
sin C sin 65
18 sin 50 14 sin 65
c= m sin C =
sin 45 20
= 19.5 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) C  39.3766 or 140.6234 (rejected)
= 39.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
Enhanced Worksheet 5.2 A  180 − 65 − 39.3766
1. By the sine formula, = 75.6234
b a = 75.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
=
sin B sin A
By the sine formula,
x cm 15 cm
= a
=
b
sin 57 sin 82 sin A sin B
15 sin 57 a 20 cm
x= =
sin 82 sin 75.6234 sin 65
= 12.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 20 sin 75.6234
a= cm
sin 65
2. By the sine formula, = 21.4 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
c b
=
sin C sin B 6. By the sine formula,
20 cm 32 cm c a
= =
sin θ sin 114 sin C sin A
20 sin 114 18 cm 12 cm
sin θ = =
32 sin C sin 36
θ = 34.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or 145 (rejected) 18 sin 36
sin C =
12
C  61.8454 or 118.1546
3. A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
= 61.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
A + 70 + 45 = 180
A = 65 118 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
By the sine formula, When C = 61.8454,
a
=
c A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
sin A sin C B  180 − 36 − 61.8454
a
=
11 cm = 82.1546
sin 65 sin 45 = 82.2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
11 sin 65
a=
sin 45
= 14.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

6
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

By the sine formula, AB BD

=
b
=
a sin ADB sin BAD
sin B sin A y cm 28 cm
=
b
=
12 cm sin 35 sin 104
sin 82.1546 sin 36 28 sin 35
y=
12 sin 82.1546 sin 104
b= cm
sin 36 = 16.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 20.2 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
When C = 118.1546 , 9. (a) In △ABC, by the sine formula,
A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △) AC BC
=
B  180 − 36 − 118.1546 sin ABC sin BAC
= 25.8454 15 cm
=
20 cm
= 25.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) sin ABC sin 34
15 sin 34
By the sine formula, sin ABC =
b a 20
= ABC  24.7964 or 155.2036 (rejected)
sin B sin A
b 12 cm = 24.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
=
sin 25.8454 sin 36
12 sin 25.8454 (b) In △ABC,
b= cm ACD = ABC + BAC (ext.  of △)
sin 36
= 8.90 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)  24.7964 + 34
= 58.7964
7. In △ACD, by the sine formula, Area of △ACD
AD AC 1
= =  AC  CD  sin ACD
sin ACD sin ADC 2
x cm 9 cm 1
=   15  18  sin 58.7964 cm 2
sin 64 sin 66 2
9 sin 64 = 56.6 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
x=
sin 66
 8.8547 10. (a) In △ABD,
= 8.85 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) BAD + ABD + ADB = 180 ( sum of △)
In △ABD, by the sine formula, 74 + ABD + 42 = 180
AD AB ABD = 64
=
sin ABD sin ADB In △ABD, by the sine formula,
8.8547 cm 13 cm BD AD
= =
sin y sin 66 sin BAD sin ABD
8.8547 sin 66 BD
=
11 cm
sin y =
13 sin 74 sin 64
y = 38.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or 142 (rejected) 11 sin 74
BD = cm
sin 64
8. ADB = DBC (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)  11.7645 cm
= 35° = 11.8 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
BAD + ABC = 180 (int. ∠s, AD // BC)
BAD = 180 − (41 + 35) (b) Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= 104 = area of △ ABD + area of △ BCD
AD = BC (opp. sides of // gram) 1 1
=  AD  BD  sin ADB +  BC  BD  sin CBD
= x cm 2 2
In △ABD, by the sine formula,  1 
AD BD   11  11.7645  sin 42 + 
=   2  cm 2
sin ABD sin BAD 1 
x cm 28 cm   7  11.7645  sin 35 
= 2 
sin 41 sin 104 = 66.9 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
28 sin 41
x=
sin 104
= 18.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

7
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

Basic Worksheet 5.3 a2 + c2 −b2

cos B =
2ac
1. By the cosine formula,
212 + 16 2 − 9 2
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C =
2(21)(16)
x 2 = 52 + 6 2 − 2(5)(6) cos 35
B  23.5565
x = 52 + 6 2 − 2(5)(6) cos 35 = 23.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 3.44 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
C  180 − 111.1684 − 23.5565
2. By the cosine formula, = 45.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
x 2 = 15 2 + 8 2 − 2(15)(8) cos 130 7. The largest angle of △ABC is A.
x = 15 + 8 − 2(15)(8) cos 130
2 2 By the cosine formula,
b2 + c2 − a2
= 21.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) cos A =
2bc
82 + 7 2 − 9 2
3. By the cosine formula, =
2(8)(7)
a2 + c2 − b2
cos B = A = 73.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2ac
7 + 6 2 − 5.5 2
2 ∴ The largest angle of △ABC is 73.4.
cos  =
2(7)(6)
8. The smallest angle of △PQR is P.
 = 49.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) By the cosine formula,
q2 + r 2 − p2
4. By the cosine formula, cos P =
2qr
b2 + c2 − a2
cos A = 112 + 12 2 − 7 2
2bc =
2(11)(12)
10 2 + 8 2 − 112
cos  = P = 35.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2(10)(8)
∴ The smallest angle of △PQR is 35.1.
 = 74.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
9. (a) In △ABC, by the cosine formula,
5. By the cosine formula, AC 2 = BC 2 + AB 2 − 2( BC )( AB ) cosABC
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
AC = 6 2 + 8 2 − 2(6)(8) cos 48 cm
a = 5 2 + 8 2 − 2(5)(8) cos 52 cm
 5.9803 cm
 6.3045 cm = 5.98 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 6.30 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
a2 + c2 − b2 (b) In △ACD, by the cosine formula,
cos B =
2ac CD 2 = AC 2 + AD 2 − 2( AC )( AD ) cosCAD
6.3045 2 + 8 2 − 5 2
 CD = 5.9803 2 + 9 2 − 2(5.9803)(9) cos 32 cm
2(6.3045)(8)
 5.0473 cm
B  38.6790
perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD
= 38.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= AB + BC + CD + AD
A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)  (8 + 6 + 5.0474 + 9) cm
C  180 − 52 − 38.6790 = 28.0 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 89.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

6. By the cosine formula,

Enhanced Worksheet 5.3
b2 + c2 − a2 1. By the cosine formula,
cos A =
2bc c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C
9 2 + 16 2 − 212 x = 7 2 + 6 2 − 2(7)(6) cos 58
=
2(9)(16)
= 6.36 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
A  111.1684
= 111 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

8
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

2. By the cosine formula, 6. In △ABC, by the cosine formula,

a2 + c2 − b2 AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 − 2( AB )( BC ) cos ABC
cos B =
2ac
x = 92 + 62 − 2(9)(6) cos 72
20 2 + 15 2 − 8 2
cos  =  9.1447
2( 20)(15)
= 9.14 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 = 20.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
CD = BC = 6 cm
In △ACD, by the cosine formula,
3. By the cosine formula,
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A AC 2 + AD 2 − CD 2
cos CAD =
2( AC )(CD)
a = 3.7 2 + 3.6 2 − 2(3.7)(3.6) cos 119 cm
9.1447 2 + 102 − 62
 6.2901 cm cos y 
2(9.1447)(10)
= 6.29 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
y = 36.2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
a2 + c2 − b2
cos B =
2ac 7. In △ABD, by the cosine formula,
6.29012 + 3.6 2 − 3.7 2 BD 2 = AB 2 + AD 2 − 2( AB )( AD ) cos BAD

2(6.2901)(3.6)
x = 202 + 82 − 2(20)(8) cos 57
B  30.9623
 17.0210
= 31.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 17.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △)
In △BCD, by the sine formula,
C  180 − 119 − 30.9623 CD BD
= 30.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) =
sin CBD sin BCD
y cm 17.0210 cm
=
4. By the cosine formula, sin 36 sin 88
b2 + c2 − a 2 17.0210 sin 36
cos A = y=
2bc sin 88
122 + 132 − 112 = 10.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
=
2(12)(13)
A  52.0201 8. (a) In △ABD, by the cosine formula,
= 52.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) AD 2 + BD 2 − AB 2
cos D =
2( AD )( BD )
a2 + c2 − b2
cos B = 12 2 + (5 + 9) 2 − 82
2ac =
112 + 132 − 122 2(12)(5 + 9)
= 23
2(11)(13) =
B  59.3036 28
= 59.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) In △ACD, by the cosine formula,
A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △) AC 2 = AD 2 + CD 2 − 2( AD )(CD ) cos D
C  180 − 52.0201 − 59.3036
 23 
= 68.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) AC = 12 2 + 9 2 − 2(12)(9)  cm
 28 
= 6.90 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
5. BAD + 45 = 180 (int. ∠s, AD // BC)
BAD = 135
9. (a) In △ABD, by the cosine formula,
AD = BC = 6 cm (opp. sides of // gram)
In △ABD, by the cosine formula, BD 2 = AB 2 + AD 2 − 2( AB )( AD ) cos A
BD = AB + AD − 2( AB )( AD ) cos A
2 2 2
BD = 9.5 2 + 8 2 − 2(9.5)(8) cos 84 cm
BD = 8 2 + 6 2 − 2(8)(6) cos 135 cm  11.7627 cm
= 13.0 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 11.8 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

9
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

(b) In △BCD, by the sine formula, ∴ The angle of elevation of A from B is 60.6.
BC BD
=
sin BDC sin BCD 5. (a) PDA = 30
6 cm 11.7627 cm ADB = 50 − 30
=
sin BDC sin 70 = 20
6 sin 70 In △ABD, by the sine formula,
sin BDC = BD AB
11.7627 =
BDC  28.6413 or 151.3587 (rejected) sin BAD sin ADB
BCD + CBD + BDC = 180 ( sum of △) BD 100 m
=
sin 30 sin 20
CBD  180 − 70 − 28.6413
100 sin 30
= 81.3587 BD = m
sin 20
Area of △BCD
 146.1902 m
1
=  BC  BD  sin CBD = 146 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
1 ∴ The distance between B and D is 146 m.
  6  11.7627  sin 81.3587 cm 2
2
(b) ∠DBC = 50
= 34.9 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) In △BCD,
CD
sin DBC =
Basic Worksheet 5.4A BD
CD = BD sin DBC
1. (a) ∠DAC (or ∠CAD)  146.1902 sin 50 m
(b) ∠BCA (or ∠ACB)
= 112 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) ∠FEB (or ∠BEF)
∴ The height CD of the cliff is 112 m.
(d) ∠DAE (or ∠EAD)

2. (a) 50° Enhanced Worksheet 5.4A

(b) 35°
1. ABH = 45
(c) 35°
In △ABH,
3. BAC + ABC + ACB = 180 ( sum of △) BAH + 70 = 180 (int. ∠s, PH // BO)
BAC = 180 − 52 − 32 BAH = 110
In △BAH, by the sine formula,
= 96
By the sine formula, BH AH
=
AC BC sin BAH sin ABH
=
sin ABC sin BAC BH
=
164 m
AC 50 m sin 110 sin 45
=
sin 52 sin 96 164 sin 110
BH = m
50 sin 52 sin 45
AC = m
sin 96 = 218 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 39.6 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ∴ The distance betwee B and H is 218 m.

2. AQP = 40 − 20 = 20

4. (a) In △ABD, by the cosine formula,
In △AQO,
AD 2 = AB 2 + BD 2 − 2( AB )( BD ) cos ABD
AQO + AOQ + QAO = 180 (∠ sum of △)
AD = 12 2 + 8 2 − 2(12)(8) cos18 m 40 + 90 + QAO = 180
 5.0396 m QAO = 50
= 5.04 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) In △APQ, by the sine formula,
AP PQ
=
(b) In △ABD, by the cosine formula, sin AQP sin PAQ
AB 2 + AD 2 − BD 2 AP 20 m
cos BAD = =
2( AB )( AD ) sin 20 sin 50
12 2 + 5.0396 2 − 8 2 20 sin 20
 AP = m
2(12)(5.0396) sin 50
BAD  29.3769 = 8.93 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
In △ABC, ∴ The height of the lamppost is 8.93 m.
ABC + BAC + ACB = 180 ( sum of △)
ABC  180 − 29.3767 − 90
= 60.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

10
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

3. ∠BDC = 25° (b)

F
∠ADC = 40° A
∠ADB = 40° – 25° = 15°
50 B
In △ABD, by the sine formula, 30 m
m
AD AB 56 28
= C D E
sin ABD sin ADB
AD 25 m With the notations in the figure,
=
sin (90 + 25) sin 15 DAF = 56
25 sin 115 By the cosine formula,
AD = m AB 2 + AD 2 − BD 2
sin 15 cos BAD =
In △ACD, by the sine formula, 2( AB )( AD )
CD 60.9392 2 + 50 2 − 30 2
cos ADC = 
AD 2(60.9392)(50)
CD = AD cos ADC BAD  29.3141
 25 sin 115  Angle of depression of B from A
= cos 40 m
 sin 15   56 − 29.3141
= 67.1 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 26.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The distance between the police car and the police
station is 67.1 m. Basic Worksheet 5.4B
4. (a) BMN = 64 − 37 = 27 1. (a) 007, N7E
ABM = 64 (b) 135, S45E
NBM = 90 − 64 = 26 (c) 229, S49W
In △BMN, (d) 350, N10W
BMN + MBN + BNM = 180 (∠ sum of △) 2. (a) 039°
27 + 26 + BNM = 180 (b) S65E
BNM = 127 (c) N3W
In △BMN, by the sine formula, (d) 192°
MB NB
= 3. (a) N27W
sin BNM sin BMN
(b) N75°E
MB 80 m
= (c) 030°
sin 127 sin 27 (d) 210°
80 sin 127
MB = m
sin 27 4. By the cosine formula,
 140.7317 m AB 2 = AP 2 + BP 2 − 2( AP )( BP ) cos APB
= 141 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) AB = 130 2 + 155 2 − 2(130)(155) cos(33 + 25) m
∴ The distance between M and B is 141 m. = 140 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The distance between the buildings A and B is 140 m.
(b) In △ABM,
MA
sin ABM = 5. By the cosine formula,
MB AB 2 + AC 2 − BC 2
MA = MB sin ABM cos BAC =
2( AB )( AC )
 140.7317 sin 64 m
18 2 + 14 2 − 17 2
= 126 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) =
2(18)(14)
∴ The height of the building MA is 126 m. BAC  62.7204
∴ The true bearing of island C from island A
5. (a) ADC + ADB + BDE = 180  62.7204 + 220
(adj. s on st. line) = 283 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
56 + ADB + 28 = 180
ADB = 96
In △ABD, by the cosine formula,
AB 2 = AD 2 + BD 2 − 2( AD )( BD ) cos ADB
AB = 50 2 + 30 2 − 2(50)(30) cos 96 m
 60.9392 m
= 60.9 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The distance between A and B is 60.9 m.

11
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

6. N 2.

Q
Q
8 km 50
N
P

P
C 7 km
R
With the notations in the figure, With the notations in the figure,
by the sine formula, ABP = BAQ (alt. s, QA // BP)
PQ
=
PR = 65
sin PRQ sin PQR By the cosine formula,
8 km 7 km AB 2 + BC 2 − AC 2
= cos ABC =
sinPRQ sin 50 2( AB )( BC )
8 sin 50 32 2 + 452 − 60 2
sinPRQ = =
7 2(32)(45)
PRQ = 61.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ABC  101.0298
∵ CPR = PRQ (alt. ∠s, PC // QR) PBC = ABC − ABP
= 61.1  101.0298 − 65
∴ The compass bearing of town R from town P is = 36.0298
S61.1E. ∴ The true bearing of C from B
 180 − 36.0298
7. N
= 144 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
C
N
3. (a)
P 48
Q
74 J

A 3 km B

With the notations in the figure, L

BAC = 90 − 74 = 16
ACB + BCQ = PAC (alt. s, PA // CQ) K
With the notations in the figure,
ACB + 48 = 74
by the cosine formula,
ACB = 26 JL2 = JK 2 + KL2 − 2( JK )( KL) cos JKL
ABC + BAC + ACB = 180 (∠ sum of △)
ABC + 16 + 26 = 180 JL = 70 2 + 50 2 − 2(70)(50) cos 65 m
ABC = 138  66.6459 m
In △ABC, by the sine formula, = 66.6 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
AC AB ∴ The distance between Jenny and the library is
=
sin ABC sin ACB 66.6 m.
AC 3 km
= (b) By the cosine formula,
sin 138 sin 26
3 sin 138 JK 2 + JL2 − KL2
AC = km cos KJL =
sin 26 2( JK )( KL)
= 4.58 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 70 2 + 66.6459 2 − 50 2

∴ The distance between A and C is 4.58 km. 2(70)(66.6459)
KJL = 42.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The compass bearing of the library from Jenny is
Enhanced Worksheet 5.4B S42.8W.
1. (a) S40°E
(b) S67°W
(c) 025°

12
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets Solutions

4. (a) (c)
C
N
G
54

G P
62
F

With the notations in the figure, With the notations in the figure,
GAB + ABC + CBE = 180 (int. s, GA // EF) The shortest distance between ship A and the port P
60 + ABC + 20 = 180 during this journey is PG, where PG ⊥ CD.
In △CPG,
ABC = 100
PG
By the cosine formula, sin PCG =
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 − 2( AB )( BC ) cos ABC PC
PG  48 sin 68.0826 km
AC = 252 + 152 − 2(25)(15) cos100 m = 44.5 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 31.3087 m ∴ The shortest distance between ship A and the
= 31.3 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) port P during this journey is 44.5 km.
∴ The distance between port A and port C is 31.3 m.

(b) By the cosine formula,

AC 2 + BC 2 − AB 2
cos ACB =
2( AC )( BC )
31.3087 2 + 152 − 252

2(31.3087)(15)
ACB  51.8475
DCB = CBE (alt. s, CD // EF)
= 20
ACD = ACB − DCB
 51.8475 − 20
= 31.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The compass bearing of port A from port C is
S31.8W.

5. (a) PC = 24  2 km = 48 km
PD = 30  2 km = 60 km
CPD + 54 + 62 = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
CPD = 64
By the cosine formula,
CD 2 = PC 2 + PD 2 − 2( PC )( PD ) cos CPD
CD = 48 2 + 60 2 − 2(48)(60) cos 64 km
 58.1290 km
= 58.1 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The distance between C and D is 58.1 km.

(b) By the cosine formula,

PC 2 + CD 2 − PD 2
cos PCD =
2( PC )(CD )
48 2 + 58.1290 2 − 60 2

2(48)(58.1290)
PCD  68.0826
= 68.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

13