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Ee 1C Lesson 6 Measurements

The document discusses various field devices used for process measurements including flow, pressure, temperature, and level. It describes magnetic flowmeters and vortex flowmeters for flow measurement. Magnetic flowmeters use magnetic fields and coils to induce flow signals while vortex flowmeters detect flow-induced oscillations. Pressure transmitters measure pressure changes using diaphragms. Common temperature sensors are RTDs and thermocouples. Level is often measured using pressure transmitters to detect pressure head from the liquid level.

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22 views2 pages

Ee 1C Lesson 6 Measurements

The document discusses various field devices used for process measurements including flow, pressure, temperature, and level. It describes magnetic flowmeters and vortex flowmeters for flow measurement. Magnetic flowmeters use magnetic fields and coils to induce flow signals while vortex flowmeters detect flow-induced oscillations. Pressure transmitters measure pressure changes using diaphragms. Common temperature sensors are RTDs and thermocouples. Level is often measured using pressure transmitters to detect pressure head from the liquid level.

Uploaded by

John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE CODE: EE 1C UNITS: 3

COURSE DESCRIPTION: INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL NO. OF HRS: 3


LESSON 6: MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENTS
In this presentation, the focus is on a few of the field devices that are used to provide the process control
system with measurements of flow rate, pressure, temperature, and Level.
The field devices used to measure process operating conditions are commonly referred to as transmitters

Transmitter – field device consisting of a housing, electronics, and sensing element that is used to measure
process operating conditions and to communicate these value to the process control system

Accuracy- The ability of a measurement to match the actual being measured.

Repeatability – The closeness of agreement among a number of consecutive measurements of outputs for
the same input.

Flashing – Change from a high pressure to a low pressure liquid / gas mixture.

FLOW MEASUREMENT
Magnetic Flowmeter
As the name implies, the principle that is used by a magnetic flowmeter to sense volumetric flow rate is
based on the movement of a conductive material through a magnetic field Coils of wire embedded in the
outer shell of a magnetic flowmeter are used to induce a very strong magnetic field in the liquid stream that
Flows through a pipe that forms the center of the meter
A local source of power is required for a magnetic flowmeter, that is, these transmitters are typically
designed as “four-wire” devices.
Four wire device –A field device that requires a local source of power in addition to the pair of wires used for
communication with the control system.

Vortex flowmeter
The vortex flowmeter may be used to measure a liquid or gas stream. This measurement is based on the
phenomenon that vortices will form around a restriction placed in a liquid or gas flow steam. An oscillation is
established by the gas or liquid steam vortices that are detected by the measurement element. The
measured volumetric flowrate is based on oscillation frequency, stream composition, and operating
temperature and pressure
The vortex flowmeter is typically a two wire device. The term two wire indicates two wires are used to
communicate the flow measurement value as a current signal or digital value indicating the flow rate the
same wires are also used to provide the voltage and current needed to power the electronics associated
with the transmitter.
Two-Wire device – Field device that uses a single pair of wires for power and also to support communication
between the device and the control system
When two wire transmitter is used for measurement, there is no need to supply local power as is required
for a four wire transmitter such as the magnetic flow transmitter.

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
The measurement of pressure within the process is often critical to maintaining the processing conditions
needed for proper plant operation. The pressure within a pipe or vessel may be accurately determined based
on a change in capacitance or strain induced in a diaphragm exposed to the process, In most cases, the
pressure transmitter is a two – wire device.

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COURSE CODE: EE 1C UNITS: 3
COURSE DESCRIPTION: INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL NO. OF HRS: 3
LESSON 6: MEASUREMENTS

The expected performance of a pressure transmitter can be expressed in terms of span and rangeability
• Span – The difference between the minimum and maximum output signals of a pressure sensor.
• Rangeability - The ratio of the maximum full – scale range to the minimum full – scale range of the
flowmeter.

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
A temperature transmitter may be designed to use a sensing element (sensor) that is integral to the
transmitter or is mounted remote from the transmitter.
The most common sensors in use for temperature measurement are the resistance temperature device
(RTD) and the thermocouple.

LEVEL MEASUREMENT
There is numerous transmitter, based on the different technologies, which may be used to measure level in a
tank or vessel.
As with other measurement devices, the correct choice depends heavily on the application requirements.
The most common way of measuring liquid level is to use a pressure transmitter to measure the pressure
head induced by the level.
Pressure head – Pressure induced by a given height (or depth) of a liquid at its bottom end.
Remote seal – Flush-mounted diaphragm installed at the process vessel and connected to the differential
pressure transmitter using a capillary tube filled with fluid.

Prepared by: Engr.JRLdR Page 2 of 2

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