p*. Reason : In the presence of a more volatile liquid solute, only the solute will form the vapours and solvent will not. Assertion : If blood cells are placed in pure water, they swell and burst. Reason : Due to osmosis, the movement of water molecules into the cell, dilutes the salt content. Assertion : Solutions having the same osmotic pressure are called isotonic solutions. Reason : Ca”" and K" ions are responsible for maintaining proper osmotic pressure balance in the cells of organism. . Assertion : If more and more non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the freezing point of the solution keeps on becoming higher and higher. Reason : Presence of large amount of the solid solute allow the solution to freeze more rapidly. Assertion : When a concentrated solution is diluted by adding more water, the number of moles of solute in the solution remains unchanged. Reason : Number of moles of a solute is equal to the product of molarity and volume of solution in litres. Assertion : The boiling point of 200 mL. of 1 M urea solution is less than that of 200 mL. of 2 M glucose solution. Reason : Elevation of boiling point is directly proportional to the number of species present in the solution. . Assertion : Elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point are colligative properties. Reason : All colligative properties are used for the calculation of molecular masses. ). Assertion : Reverse osmosis is used in the desalination of sea water. Reason : When pressure more than osmotic pressure is applied, pure water is squeezed out of the sea water through the membrane. Assertion : Camphor is used as a solvent in the determination of molecular masses of naphthalene, anthracene, etc. Reason : Camphor has high molal elevation constant.Lee 3 Ne 1. (i) (b):Molar mass of KI = 166 g/mol 20 2 =0.12 mol ™\1 166 Molality = “Sx 1000: 0.12 , 1000=1.5 m WiL,0 80. yy = 0.17 and thyater = iq =e 0-12 _ _o.0263 ng ttyg 0124444 oR (d) : Density of solution = 1.202 g/mL Volume of solution = —2°8 _ = $3.2 mL 1.202 g/mi. ‘Molarity =__———"kL_____ Y= Volume of solution in L = 2120 mol 54493 mol I" 0.0832 L (i) (@): xy =—2_; x=, BB nytm) ! mem) xm 22h My my My 0 % m/M, mM, Molality = "2. = "2 _ fii) mM, xm, From(i)and (ii), m=22x1; x, =1-x, Hence, x, =— Mi 1+mM, (iii) (a): Mass does not depend on temperature while volume does. Hence, molarity depends on temperature. (iv) (b): 1 M solution contains 1 mole of solute in less than 1000 g of the solvent whereas 1 m solution has 1 mole of the solute in 1000 g of the solvent. 78 2 W(b):Moles of Cyl =" =01 Moles of CgHsCH; = o1 Mole fraction of CH, = 57-9 =05 = Mole fraction of CH.CH, = 0.5 ‘Vapour pressure of toluene = Vapour pressure of pure toluene x mole fraction of toluene = 0.0925 x05 0.04625 ‘Vapour pressure of benzene = 0.256 x 0.5 = 0.128 ‘Total vapour pressure of solution = 0.17425 (ii) (a): Moles of benzene in solution-I1 2 0.05 Moles of toluene in solution-II = N15 92 ‘Vapour pressure of solution ).256 x 0.05 + 0.0925 x 0.15 .0128 + 0.013875 = 0.026675 (iii) (€): Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase Prensene 0-128 Prog 0.17425 (iv) (a): Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase in Joenzene = =0.734 25, Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase in solution-II 0.013875 _ 9 59 0.026675 Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase in solution-II is greater than in solution-I. Hence, statement Il is correct. Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase in solution -1= 0.734 Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase in solution-I1 =—2-9128___9.479 0.026675 ‘Thus, mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase is less in solution-II. OR (a) = Benzene and toluene form an ideal solution. 3. (i) (d): I represents negative deviations and III represents positive deviations. OR (a) : Acetone and aniline mixture represents negative deviations from Raoult’s law hence for this mixture, AH yz aNd AV, is negative. (ii) (b): For positive deviations p , > px, and py > pxp (iii) (b): Water and nitric acid mixture shows negative deviations from Raoult’ law, hence Pa = p= 0.0973 7.40 mn Hg me: os 052 1000 0.0036 180 *30. 2 (ii) (©): AT, = K, x m= 5.2 « 0.0036 = 0.0187 K 1, = 373 + 0.0187 = 373.0187 K =373.02K (ll) (d): AT,= Kym = 1.86 x 0.0036 = 0.067 K (iv) (a): Moles of glucose = oe Moles of water "2. A455 0.00028 4.45+0.00028 OR (©):Depression in freezing point or elevation in boiling point is proportional to molarity which is proportional to number of moles. =556x107 5. (i) (b): m: Mole fraction of glucose = = 628x105 For same amount, higher the molar mass of solute lower will be number of moles. Hence, lower will be the colligative property. 6. (i) (b):Ky =427 x 10° mm Hg p=760 mm Hg According to Henry’ law, p = Kyy x Xcr1, = _-1.78x107 Ho «427x1 (ii) (a): According to Henry’ law, m = Ky, x p a uxt Ky = 6.56 x 107 For another case, 5 x 107? = 6.56 x 10? x p 0.762 bar (iii) (€): Higher the value of Ky, at a given pressure, the lower is the solubility of the gas. (iv) (©): The mole fraction of the gas in solution 1 Ky 150x10° If mis the number of moles of gas in a solution of 1 L of water containing 55.5 mol then * or, =! n+555°' 555° 150x10° [n+ 55.5~ 55.5, as mis very small] 353 19 =0.37 millimoles 150 OR (a) 7. (i) (b):Depression in freezing point isa colligative property which depends on the number of particles present in the solution. As both 0.1 M solution of glucose and 0.1 M solution of urea contain same number of moles (number of particles) therefore, both will have same depression in freezing point. oR (©) : Density of water is maximum at 4°C ie, 277 K. (ii) (a) (ili) (a): Freezing point of a substance is defined as the temperature at which the vapour pressure of its liquid is equal to the vapour pressure of the corresponding solid. Since the addition of a non-volatile solute always lowers the vapour pressure of solvent, therefore it will be in equilibrium with solid phase at a lower pressure and hence at a lower temperature.(iv) (d): Elevation in boiling point (AT,) = K, x m Depression in freezing point (AT;) = K,x m Elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point are colligative properties i.e., they depend only ‘on the number of particles of the solute. Value of K,, and Ky are different, so AT,, and AT; are also different. 8 Wa (i) @) (iii) (b): Non-ideal solutions with positive deviation ie. having more vapour pressure than expected, owt at lower temperature while those with negative deviation boil at higher temperature than those of the somponents. OR (b) (iv) (d) : For ideal solution, AH... = 0, Vig, = 0 9. (i) (©):If the red blood cells are placed in pure ‘water, pressure inside the cells increases as the water is drawn in and the cell swells. OR (a): () Osmotic pressure of urea Wz = 34g, V= 200 mL =0.21, T= 293K ‘Mr = 60, R = 0.083 L bar mol! K* wy RT _ 3.4%0.083x293 MgV 60x0.2 (ii) Osmotic pressure of cane sugar — WaRT _ 1.6x0.083x29: = 6.89 bar “MV 32x0. 1 =6.89 + 0.57 =7.46 bar (il) (b) (iii) (c) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property. (iv) (a) 10. (i) (€):In pressure cooker, water boils above 100°C. When the lid of cooker is opened, pressure is lowered so that boiling point decreases and water boils again. (i) (a): My = Ke*t000xWa AT, XW, K,= 253K kg mol"!, W,=3.24g, AT, = 0.81 K, Wy = 408, 2.531000x:3. O.81x40 Let molecular formula of sulphur = xx 32=253 of x=7.91=8 (ili) (a) (iv) (a) OR (c): Elevation in boiling point of two isotonic solutions is the same and elevation in boiling point depends upon the concentration of solute not on the boiling point. 11. (b): A homogeneous mixture consists of a single phase which has properties that may differ from those of the individual components é.., solute and solvent. 12. (b): In amalgam, solute and solvent are uniformly distributed. 13, (a); Molecular weight of urea (NH,CONH,) =1442412+16+14+2=60 =—_Weight___ 60 _ Number of moles = Tar weight "607! _ No.of moles of solute _Imol _ Massof solvent inkg —1kg, 14. (b): Molality does not depend upon volume thus, it does not depend on temperature. 15. (c): Benzene and toluene do not form H-bonding with each other. 16. (¢):The vapour pressure of solution is found to be lower than the vapour pressure of pure solvent. In the solution, the surface has both solute and solvent molecules, thereby the number of solvent molecules gets reduced at the surface, consequently, the number of solvent molecules escaping from the surface is correspondingly reduced and this results in the decrease in vapour pressure of the solvent. 17. (a): According to colligative property, on addition of a non-volatile solute to a volatile solvent, the freezing point of solution decreases. 18. (a): On mixing two dissimilar substances, their molecular environment changes. Suppose the two components that are mixed to form a non-ideal solution are A and B. When A - Binteractions < A ~ A or B - Binteractions, there is a positive deviation from Raoult’ law. When A ~ B interaction > A - A or B ~ B interactions, there is a negative deviation from Raoult’ lav.19. (b):On adding a non-volatile solute in a liquid, the vapour pressure decreases because some molecules of the solvent on the surface are replaced by the molecules of the solute. 20. (a): A colligative property of a solution is one that depends only on the number of particles of the solute dissolved in it, rather than on the nature of the sobute. 21. (¢): At 373 K (100°C). the vapour pressure of water is equal to. atmospneric pressure which is 1.013 bar. 22. (¢)- Roth the solute and solvent will form the vapours but vapour phase will become richer with the more volatile component. 23. (b):Osmosis is a phenomenon in which the solvent flows from a solution of lower concentration to the solution of higher concentration. Here, movement of water molecules takes place in highly concentrated salt content of blood cell to such an extent that the cell membrane ruptures. 24. (c): Sodium ion, Na* and potassium ion, K* are responsible for maintaining proper osmotic pressure balance inside and outside of the cells of organisms. 25. (d): The freezing point keeps on becoming lower and lower. Depression in freezing point is a colligative property as it depends on the number of particles of the solute present in solution, so solution will freeze more rapidly on adding large amount of non-volatile solute. 26. (b)-Moles of solute are equal to product of molarity and volume (ie., Mol L-! x L = Mol) and when we add more solvent, the volume increases but the molarity decreases correspondingly so that their product i.e., the total number of moles remains constant. 27. (a) 28. (c): Elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point are colligative properties because they depend only on the number of solute particles in a solution irrespective of their nature. But all colligative properties are not used for mass determination for every substance, as some give very low precision, or require excessive heating or cooling. 29. (a): Ifa pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side, the pure solvent flows ‘out of the solution to the solvent through semi- permeable membrane and this phenomenon is called reverse osmosis. 30. (c): Camphor hashigh molal depression constant.