Matrix Defined

What is a Matrix/Matrices?
• It is a mathematical object that contains a rectangular table or array of numbers or variables arranged in horizontal
rows (m) and vertical columns (n) enclosed in brackets or large parentheses

Dimension (m x n matrix) Coefficients (or entries) of a matrix

Example:
0 1 -2.3 0.1
A = 1.3 4 -0.1 0
4.1 -1 0 1.7
• Find the dimension of the given matrix above. Also, find its A23 and identify its row index and column index.

Types of Matrices

• Column matrix

0
-2
V =
3.3
0.3
4 x 1 Column Matrix
 • Row Matrix
W = -2.1 -3 0
1 x 3 Row Matrix
• Square Matrix
2 1
X =
-1 7
• Zero Matrix
0 0
Y =
0 0
Matrix Operation

Matrix Equality
• A = B means:
o They have the same size
o They have equal corresponding entries

Practice Exercises
• Determine which of the matrices below are equal.
o Problem 1:
5 3 2  5 3 2  5 3
 33 − 5 11 ? 33 − 5 11 ? 33 − 5
     
− 2 13 6  − 2 13 6  − 2 13 
o Problem 2:
 5 3 2  5 3 2  5 3 2
 33 
− 5 11 ? 33 5 11 ? 33
  − 5 11
   
 − 2 13 6  − 2 13 6  − 2 13 6 

Matrix Addition and Subtraction

Practice Exercises
 5 6 1 2 9 3
A = − 3 5 8  B =  4 0 3
   
 4 6 7 − 5 −1 3
• Find:
o A+B
o A–B

Matrix Multiplication
• Two (2) general categories:
o Scalar in which a single number is multiplied with every entry of a matrix
o Find 2A
  1 6
A = 9 3
 
 6 0 
o Multiplication of an entire matrix by another entire matrix is possible if, and only if, the number of columns in
the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second matrix
o Find AB
1 2 3  7 8 

A=   B = 9 10
4 5 6  
11 12
Practice Exercises
 1 0 − 2 0 3
 −1
A= B = − 2
0 3 −1   
 0 4 
• Find:
o BA

Transpose of a Matrix

• Interchange rows and columns

o Find AT
3 5
A = 8 1
 
4 6

References:
Cabero, J., Lopez, R., Salamat, L., & Sta. Maria, A. (2010). Discrete mathematics 1. Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg., 125 Pioneer
Street, Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.
Fernandez, M. (2010). Discrete mathematics. Intramuros, Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.
m x n matrix. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://aishack.in/static/img/tut/cpp-mat.jpg
Matrix equality. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://www.purplemath.com/modules/matrices3.htm
Matrix equalities & variables. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://www.mathwarehouse.com/algebra/matrix/equal-matrices.php
Matrix multiplication defined. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://www.purplemath.com/modules/mtrxmult2.htm
Scalars, vectors and matrices. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/tensors/maths_aside.php