【Android System Development】Android framework and source

code structure
Posted On 2023-03-27 10:23:47 439 0 report

1. Android Framework
Android framework hierarchy: Android is divided into 4 layers from bottom to top;

-- Linux kernel layer;

-- Various libraries and Android runtime layers;

-- Apply the framework layer;

-- Application layer;

1. Linux kernel layer

Android's Linux kernel layer consists of the Linux kernel and drivers;

Linux kernel : Android 2.x is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel;

Driver :

-- Display Driver: Framebuffer driver for Linux;

-- Flash Memory Driver: MTD-based Flash driver;

-- Camera Driver: Based on Linux v4l driver;

-- Audio Driver: Based on ALSA driver;

-- Wifi Driver: Driver based on IEEE 801.31 standard;

-- KeyBoard Driver: Acts as a keyboard driver for input devices;

-- Bluetooth Driver: Wireless transmission technology based on IEEE 801.35.1 standard;

-- Binder IPC Driver: Android-specific driver with a separate device node that provides the ability for process
communication;

-- Power Management: Manage information such as battery level;

Parsing Driver:

-- Frame buffer: The video output device contains a video buffer with complete frame data, and the buffer is used
to drive the video display device;

-- v4l (Video for linux) : Camera driver in Linux;

-- ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) : Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver, this component
provides a sound card driver;

2. Libraries and Android runtime

This layer is divided into two parts: the Android runtime and various libraries;
Introduction to various libraries: These libraries are provided in the form of system middleware , which is
closely related to the application of mobile device platforms;

-- C Standard Library: The lowest-level library of the Android system, which calls the system calls of the kernel
to implement the required functions;

-- Media Framework: Android Multimedia Core, is an OpenCore framework based on PacketVideo, with
function 1 audio and video playback, function 2 audio and video recording;

-- SGL : 2D engine;

-- SSL (Secure Socket Layer): It mainly provides security support for data communication between TCP/IP
protocol and application layer protocol.

-- OpenGL ES: 3D Engine;

-- Surface Management (interface management tool) : Manage the functionality of the display subsystem;

-- SQLite : Embedded Database ;

-- WebKit: web browser kernel;

-- FreeType: provides bitmap and vector font functionality;

Differences between Dalvik VM and JVM:

-- Execution file: JVM executes .class standard bytecode file, Dalvik virtual machine executes .dex file;

-- The biggest difference: JVM is a stack-based virtual machine, and Dalvik virtual machine is a register-based
virtual machine, which can be better optimized according to the hardware;

3. Application framework layer

Application framework layer: This layer provides the APIs used by the application, including various UI
components and other components, including the following components;

-- Activity : the main activity interface;

-- BroadcastReceiver : Broadcast receiver;

-- Service : service;

-- ContentProvider: Content provider;

4. Application layer

This layer is mostly an apk installer;

2. Android source code structure

Android Source Code Structure Classification :

-- Core section : This part is the foundation on which the Android system is built, which is saved in the file of the
root directory;

-- Extension project: Use parts of other open source projects;

1. Root (/)

bionic : source code of the base library, C runtime support library libc, libm, libdl, dynamic linker;

bootable/bootloader/legacy: kernel bootloader, the program that runs before loading the kernel;

build: compile and configure the required scripts and tools;

dalvik : Java Virtual Machine in Android, which provides the basis for running Android applications;

development: templates and tools required for program development, at a high level;

external : Other open-source extension libraries used;

frameworks: application framework layer, four major components, etc.;

hardware : hardware-related libraries;

kernel : Linux kernel source code;

packages : Android various applications;

prebuilt: Compile prebuilt scripts on various platforms;

recovery : related to the Android system recovery function;

system: Android underlying library;

Makefile: The Makefile compiled from the entire Android source code;

2. development directory (/development)

apps : Android app templates;

build: compile the script template;

Host : Some tools for the Windows platform;

samples : sample programs, simple Android programs, which can be used as templates;

3. external directory (/external)

opencore: Android multimedia framework core;

webkit : Android web browser core;

sqlite : Android database system core;

openssl: Secure Socket Layer, is a network protocol that provides secure support for data communication;

4. frameworks

base: the basic content of the Android core framework library;

opt : optional part;

base directory contents :

-- cmds : important commands;

-- data : font sound data file;

-- docs : documentation;

-- graphics : graphics related;

-- include : header file;

-- keystore : data signing certificate;

-- libs : library;

-- location : Region Library;

-- media : media-related libraries;

-- obex : Bluetooth-related libraries;

-- opengl : 3D graphics library;

-- packages : set up TTS V** and other libraries;

-- sax : XML parsing;

-- services : a variety of services;

-- telephony: telephone communication management;

-- test-runner : related to testing tools;

-- test : various tests;

-- tools : various tools;

-- v** :

-- wifi :

5. Packages directory (/packages)

Apps : various applications in Android;

Providers : Holds content provider information;

inputmethod : input method;

wallpapers : wallpaper;