ISO

i
p
 I

I I
I

FRONT AXLE AND

STEERING UN GE SYSTEM

ISSION SYSTEM (Sliding gear type)

I ION SYSTEM (Hydrostatic Transmission)

I
I (Position Control)

I
 ISO

E L
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Specifications .............................................. I-I
Greasing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-12
Periodical maintenance services ................................ 1-13
Lubrication table .......................................... 1-14
Wiring diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-15
An tifreeze ................................................ 1-16
Tigh tening torque .......................................... 1-17
Serial number location ........................................ 1-17
Sealants .................................................. 1-18
 1
t
Tractor model MT160 MT160D MT180 MT180D MT180H MT180HD
Type All purpose wheel tractor
Body structure Monocoque type

Overall l To end of rear tire 2200 (86-19/32) 2225 (87-19/32)

length I To end of3-point linkage 2523 (99-11/32) I

Overall width mm(in.) 975 (38-3/8) 940 (37) 970 (38-3/16) 940 (37) 970 (38-3/16) I

Overall
height I
To top of steering wheel 1155 (45-15/32) 1165 (45-7/8) 1175 (46-1/4) 1185 (46-21/32) 1175 (46-1/4) 1185 (46-21/32) I

Wheelbase 1300 (51-3/16)

Dimensions Ground clearnce 260 (10-1/4) 215 (8-15/32) 280 (11-1/32) 215 (8-15/32) 280 (11-1/32) 215 (8-15/32) I

Gross weight 565 (1246) 615 (1356) 575 (1268) 625 (1278) 575 (1268) 625 (1278)
I
Load distribution Front axle kg (lb) 260 (573) 310 (684) 260 (573) 320 (706) 260 (573) 320 (706) I

(without load) I
Rear axle 305 (673) 315 (695) 305 (673) 315(695) 305 (673)
Turning radius (with brakes) mm (in.) 1850 (72-27/32)
Model MlTSUBISHI K3A-13MT MITSUBISlll K3C-13MT
Type Vertical, 4-stroke cycle, water cooled, overhead valve, in line, diesel
Number ofcylinders 3
Combustion chamber type Swirl combustion chamber with preheater
Cylinder liner Non liner
Bore and stroke mm (in.) 65 x 78 (2-9/16 x 3) 70 x 78 (2-49/64 x 3)
Piston displacement cc (cu in.) 776 (47.4) 900 (54.9)
CD
c 23: 1
's, Compression ratio
c
w Firing order 1-3 -2
Rated rpm 2700
Max. rpm rpm 2900+ 0
-75
Idling rpm 925± 25
,
Max. bare HP (SAE) HP/rpm 16.5/2700 18.5/2700 G')
m
Max. torque Jllli~/rpm
~ t-Ip/rpm)_
4.5 (32.5)/1900 5.2 (37.6)/1900 Z
m
-
:0
»
r
o
m
Ul
()
:0
-0
-;
.:.., o
z
 CJ
r:., m
Z
m
Tractor model MT160 I MT160D 1 MT180 I MT180D I MT180H I MT180HD :0
~
r
kg/cm 2 32 (455) /280 o
Compression pressure (psi)jrpm m
til
(')
Number ofpiston rings 3 compression rings and 1 oil ring :0
Open At 18° before TDC -0
-l
Intake valves o
Close At 46° after BDC Z
Open deg At 46° before BDC
Exhaust valves
Close At 18° after TDC
Q)
c Injection timing At 21 ° ± 2° before TDC
'0,
c Intake valves 0.25 (0.01) at cold
w Valve clearance mm(in.)
Exhaust valves 0.25 (0.01) at cold

Fuel consumption g/HP/h 220 (7.7) 230 (8.1)

(oz/HP/h) I
Direction of rotation Clockwise (as viewed from front)
Weight, dry kg (lb) 125 (276)
-
Radiator fin Corrugate type
2
Radiator cap pressure kg/cm 0.9 (12.8)
(psi)
Type Wax pellet type
Begins to open 82 (180)
Thermostat °c CF)
Full open 95 (203)
E Lift mm (in.) 8 (0.3) at 95° C (203 OF)
....en
Q)

>-
en
Type Centrifugal impeller type
Cl
Water pump
c Feeding capacity 52 (13.7) at 2600 engine rpm
\' g /min
"0 (U.S. gal/min.)
0
u Diameter mm (in.) 290 (ll-13/Tn
Cooling fan Number of blades 4
Blade meterial Plastic
Pulley ratio offan and crankshaft pulley 1.32
Drive system "V" - type belt

I
 l
r
Fuel Bruns grade No. 2-D fuel oil (ASTM specifications)
Type Bosch "M" plunger in line

Fuel injection Model NIPPON DENSO ND-PFR-3M

pump Diameter of plunger 5.5 (7/32)
mm (in.)
Cam lift 7 (9/32)
...E
al

'">- Fuel injection Type Throttle type

'"
Cii nozzles
:: Model NIPPON DENSO ND-DN4SD24
u.
2
kg/cm 120 +10 (1706 +142)
Injection pressure (psi) -0 - 0
Fuel filter Paper element type
Type Trochoid type
Oil pump
s:: CJmin.
0
..;:; Feeding capacity ( .S. gal/min.) 20 (5.28) at 2600 engine rpm
.2 E
"-al Oil filter Full flow paper element filter cartridge type
.0 .....
::'" 2
...I~ Relief valve setting kg/cm
(psi) 4 (57)
"-
al Type Cyclone dry air cleaner
s::
C<l
al Filter Dry paper element cartridge type
t;
"-
Cleaning efficiency More than 99.9%
~
Dust holding g (oz) 20 (0.7)
(5
EE Type Mechanical all-speed control
alal
> ....
0'" Speed control rpm 90~2900
C!l~
Type Alternator
Model MITSUBISHI AH2053M4
Generator Cl
E Voltage V 12 m
....al Z
'">- Capacity A 35 m
:0
'"
C;; »
Type Magnet type r
.~
...
<.J Model MITSUBISHI M002T50381
o
m
.2 en
w Voltage V 12 (')
Starter motor :0
'"tl
Output kW 1.6 -I
- - -...- - --- - - -- -

w o
Z
 G)
j,. m
Z
m
:0
Tractor MT160
I MT160D I MT180 I MT180D MT180H I MT180HD »
r
Type Tirrill type o
m
en
()
Model MITSUBISHI RQB2220Dl :0
Regulator voltage (no load) 14.8 -0
~
Regulator
Warning lamp lighting. on o
voltage V 0.5 ~ 3.0 z
E Warning lamp lighting off 4.2 ~ 5.2
....
CD voltage
'">- Type Sheathed type
'"
iii
.~ Rated voltage V (A) 10.5
....t.:I Glow plugs
~ Resistance capacity (at
w normal temperature) n 1 ~ 1.2

Type Red heat type

Glow ~lug Rated current A 30
indica or
Terminal-to-terminal V 0.9 ~ 1.1 (at 30A)
voltage
Type Dry single disc plate diaphragm spring type
E
....CD Clutch disc diameter 184 x 127 (7-5/16 x 5-1/32)
'">- mm(in.)
'" Lining thickness 7.8 (5/16)
J::
...
t.:I
:::I Torque capacity ~-m 11.0 (79.6)
U ( -lb)
Spring pressure kg(lb) 195 (430)

s:::
Number of shift levers 2
.~
en Speeds 6 - forward, 2- reverse 2-forward, 2-reverse
.~
E Speed change method Selective sliding gear type Hydrostatic type
...I-'"co
s:::
Differential Bevel gear type with differential lock
Differential lock Foot pedal (right side of transmission case)
------ ---- --

1
 1

MTl60 and MTl60D. MTl80 and MTl80D MTl80H and MTl80HD

(2-WD and 4-WD) (at engine speed 2700 rpm) (2-WD and 4-WD) (at engine speed 2700 rpm) (2-WD and 4-WD) (at engine speed 2700rpm)
-
Lever Lever km/hr Speed Lever lan/hr mile/hr
Speed km/hr mile/hr m/sec Speed mile/hr m/sec position m/sec.
position position
F-l L-I 1.1 0.68 0.31 F-I L-I 1.15 0.71 0.32 F-I L 0~6.2 0~3.9 O~ 1.7
F-2 L-2 1.7 1.06 0.47 F-2 L-2 1.78 1.11 0.49 F-2 H o ~ 16.6 o ~ 10.3 0~4.6

F-3 L-3 2.9 1.80 0.81 F-3 L-3 3.04 1.89 0.85 R-I L 0~3.4 0~2.1 0~0.9

F-4 H-I 4.9 3.04 1.36 F-4 H-I 5.13 3.18 1.42 R-2 H O~ 8.5 O~ 5.3 0~2.4

F-5 4.82 2.16

-
F-5 H-2 7.4 4.60 2.06 H-2 7.75
13.5 F-6 H-3 14.14 8.78 3.93
F-6 I H-3 (max) 8.38 3.75

R-I I L-R 1.4 0.87 0.39 R-I L-R I 1.47 I 0.91 I 0.41
R-2 H-R 6.3 3.91 1.75 R-2 H-R I 6.56 I 4.09 I 1.83.

'"cu
'"0
cu
Cl..
'"
Q)
;;-
...
<e
E--

Tire size: 8-18AG tile Tire size: 9.5-18ES tire Tire rise: 9.5-18ES tire

Speed Lever Lever Speed Lever Km/hr mile/hr m/sec.

position km/hr mile/hr m/sec Speed km/hr mile/hr m/sec position
position
F-I L-l 1.2 0.75 0.33· F-I L-l 1.24 0.78 0.34 F·l L 0~6.4 0~4.0 O~ 1.8
- - - - f---- -
F-2 L-2 1.8 1.12 0.50 F-2 L-2 1.86 1.16 0.52 ~---
F-2 H o ~ 17.2 O~ 10.7 0~4.8

F-3 L-3 3.1 1.93 0.86 F-3 L-3 3.21 2.00 0.89 R-J L 0~3.5 0~2.2 o~ 0.97
F-4 H-J 5.3 3.29 1.47 F-4 H-I 5.49 3.41 1.52 R-2 H O~ 8.8 o~ 5.5 O~ 2.4
F-5 H-2 7.9 4.91 2.19 F-5 H-2 2.18 5.09 1..27 G)
m
F-6 I H-3 14.5 9.00 4.03 15.02 9.32 4.17 Z
(max) F-6 H-3 m
:0
R-J I L-R I 1.5 0.73 0.42 R-J L-R 1.55 0.96 0.43 »
r
R-2 I H-R I 6.7 4.16 1.86 R-2 H-R 6.94 4.31 1.93 0
m
en
(")
:0
-0
-l
cJ, 0
Z
 G>
6l m
MT160 MT160D MT180 MT180D MT180H MT180HD Z
Tractor model m
:Il
t:: Final reduction gear Spur gear »
r
0
_<.l
'';::; Reduction ratio 11/72 (0.153) o
ce~ m
t::-c (J)
.- '"... Type of rear axle 1/2 floating type (")
IJ..
:Il
Power take-o ff step 3-step 2-step -c
-I
Power take-off HP HP/rpm 13.6/2700 15.5/2700 o
Z
Power take-o ff shaft 1-3/8 in. 6-spline SAE standard

-
..-0 Power take-o ff
.;,
.:.:
rpm
First
Second rpm
623/2700 engine rpm
919/2700 engine rpm
606/2700 engine rpm
1,186/2700 engine rpm
......
ce
Third 1,506/2700 engine rpm I

'"s:0 Standard power Shift position First 540/2660 engine rpm 540/2405 engine rpm
Q..
take-off Third( second) 1,000/1793 engine rpm 1,000/2278 engine rpm
Direction 0 f rotation Clockwise as viewed from the rear
Steering system Ackerman jant method
Axle center Center pivot type
Steering knuckle arrangement Lemoine Reverse Elliott I Lemoine Reverse Elliott I Lemoine Reverse Elliott
type type type type type type
Tread adjustment Not adjustable
Axle center Swing angle 8
Cl Kingpin angle 8 10 8 10 8 10
.§ deg
Camber 2.5
...'"
'"
en Caster 3 0 3 0 3 0
Toe-in mm(in.) 6.4±L5(l /4±1 / 16) 0-6(15/64) 6'.4±L5(\/4±1/16) 0-6(15/64) 6.4±L5(1/4±1/16) 0-6(15/64)

Steering angle deg 55 53 55 53 55 53 I

Steering gear box (inside) Ball screw fype
Gear ratio 15
Steering wheel diameter mm(in.) 403 (15-29/32)

",E Type Foot operating, internal expansion, waterproof dry type

.:.:'"
ttl ....
... <J> Brake pedal Seperate with interlocking foot operating type
oa~
Parking brake and operating Main brake used hand, operating lock, type

I I _
I
 Lengh x width x thickness mm(in.) 119 x 28.5 x 4.0 (4-11/16 x 1-1/8 x 5/32) I
Lining
Number oflinings 4
E
....Ol Drum diameter mm(in.) 114 (4-31/64)
'"
>-
'"Ol Brake location Differential shaft
~
::! Brake pedal free play mm(in.) 25 ~ 30 (63/64 ~ 1-3/16)
m
Tire size and ply rating 4.00-9-4PR 5-12-4PR 4.50-10-4PR 5-12-4PR 4.50-10-4PR 5-12-4PR
Tire pattern Three-rib:F-2 Farm-lug:R-1 Three-rib:F-2 Farm-lug:R-l Three-rib:F-2 Farm-lug:R-l
2
Tire pressure kg/cm 3.25(46.2) 2.2 (31.3)
(psi)
Outside diameter 457 (18) 550(21-21/32) 488(19-7/32) 550(21-21/32) 488(19-7/32) 550(21-21/32)
FrontAG mm(in.)
Tire width 113 (4-7/16) 123(4-27/32) 120(4-23/32) 123(4-27/32) 120(4-23/32) 123(4-27/32)
Maximum load kg (lb) 200(441) 210 (463) 205 (452) 210 (463) 205 (452) 210 (463)
Type of valve TR-13
Rim size 3.00Dx9DT 4JAx12 3.00DxlODT 4JAx12 3.00DxlODT 4JAx12
Tire size and ply rating 18x7.00-8-4PR 6-12-4PR 20x8.00-10-4PR 6-12-4PR 20x8.00-10-4PR 6-12-4PR
Tire pattem Pillow-dia:G2 All-weather:R-3 Pillow-dia:G2 All-weather:R-3 Pillow-dia:G2 All-weather:R-3
kgfcrn2
Tire pressure (Psi) 20(28.4) 2.2(31.3) 1.7 (24.2) 2.2(31.3) 1.7(24.2) 2.2(31.3)

Outside diameter 457 (18) 564(22-7/32) 495(19-15/32) 564(22-7/32) 495(19-15/32) 564(22-7/32)

Front ES mm(in.)
~ Tire width 170(7-3/32) 155(6-3/32) 193(7-19/32) 155(6-3/32)
(option) 193(7-19/32) 155(6-3/32)
I-
Maximum load kg(1b) 310 (684) 270 (595) 410 (904) 270 (595) 410 (904) 270 (595)
Type of vI ave TR - 413 TR-13 TR- 413 TR-13 TR- 413 TR-13
Rim size 5.50x8DT 5JAx12 6.00IxlODT 5JAx12 6.00IxlODT 5JAx12
Tire size and ply rating 8 - 16 - 4PR 8 - 18 - 4PR
Tire pattern Farm-lug: R-l
Gl
kg/cm 2 m
Tire pressure (psi) 1.0 (14.2) 2
m
::0
Rear AG Outside <llinneter 783 (30 - 13/16) 840 (33 - 5/64) »
r
mm(in.)
Tire width 197 (7 - 3/4) 197 (7 - 3/4) o
m
en
Maximum load kg/(lb) 475 (1047) 515 (1136) (')
::0
Type of valve TR-15 TR- 281A "'0
-l

~
Rim size W6 x 16 W6 x 18 o
------- ~-~
~-
2
Co Gl
Tractomr model MT160 I MT160D MT180 I MT180D I MT180H ~ MT180HD
m
Z
m
::tJ
Tire size and ply rating 9.5 - 16 - 4PR 9.5-18-4PR l>
r
Tire pattern All-weather: R-3 All- weather: R-3 o
m
kg/cmz Ul
(option) Tire pressure (psi) 1.0 (14.2) 1.0 (14.2) ()
...
CI) ::tJ
I- Outside diameter 820 (32 - 9/32) 870 ( 34 - 1/4) "'tI
mm(in.) -I
I Tire width 242(9-17/32) 242 ( 9 - 17/32) o
Z
Maximum load kg(lb) 555 (1224) 600 (1323)
Type of valve TR-15 TR- 218A
Rim size W8x 16 W8x18

Standard Front 720(28-13/32)1 785(30-29/32) 720(28-13/32)1 785(30-29/32A 720(28-13/32)1 785(30-29/32)

tread Rear 740 (29 - 3/32) 740 (29 - 3/32)
AG tire
Max. tread
Front -
1 - -
I - I - I -

Rear 890 (35) 890 (35)

Front 790(31-3/32) 1 800 (31-1/2) 795(31-5/16) 1 800(31-1/2) 1 795(31-5/16) 1 800(31-1/2)
Standard
ES tire tread Rear 790 (31- 3/32) 770 (30 - 5/16)

Max. tread
Front -
1 - -
I -
1
-
1
-

Rear 840 (33 - 3/32) 865 (34 - 1/16)

MT160 (2-WD) MT160D (4-WD)
....I:
CI)

...E
'"
::l
:0
'"
-c
~"O-
I',

"
-

~-~
-

~ ~
l<!e.'''L'321

$/-- m-'"o-
11"'" :;'" f''''- w;:-- m'~
'I""'"
I !~ h---""
, - - , ' " .n
,
...'"
CI)

S'., -i l
I- AG/F ES/F AG/R AG/F ES/F AG/R

~.-- II •,"0' ~rr'"o ~'.o_~.'"

I (3, _3/3<:) (3:l_3/32~
890-
t 1315)
i ''''0. ,35) ,
I

Ii I I
I
. -iT
I! I

;--1
I

i i --r- I
I

AG/Max.R ES/R ES/Max·R AG/Max·R ES/R ES/Max·R I

~--
- - ~-

"1
 "1
r"

,:
MT180 & MT180H MT180D & MT180HD

...s::
Q)
m
I

I ~ '"
-1-~
r ""'>0
'"'30>
f~ :"~, ~",""e.
I,
II
,

"
'ff
- I
'i-~
I
,I

~Ik
'

, i
i~1
I
. 785

'30'Om'
~

~
I ...
,,"
III

: -1
-
~"".-
- \-1
...E ' I ' ! )

'"
:::I AG/F ES/F AG/R AG/F ES/F AG/R
:0-
ct!

".- ~ .. ~"".-
"C

~-·-m"""-
ct!

I
'm~"-
~

fi-~"·· '-r'"" i ",,,"

-
I- '3. (361

I'
I II II
i'. -;""
i i
AG/Max.R ES/R ES/Max-R AG/Max'R ES/R ES/Max·R

Control Lift,hold,down,flow control I Position control, downspeed control and lock

Type Single - acting
Cylinder Diameter of piston mm(in.) 60 (2 - 3/8)
Stroke of piston 71 (2 - 13/16)
Maximum lift power at end oflower link kg(lb) 500 (1103)
2
Pressure for pump reliefvalve setting kg/cm
(psi) 135 (1920)

Type Pressure loading gear type

...E'"
Q)

Hydraulic pump Name and model NACHI GP - 3607A

>
'"
Co)
I liter/min
:::I
Capacity (U.S.gai/min ) 12.9 (3.4) at 2700 engine rpm
ct! G)
"-
"C

J:
>
Control valve type Spool valve, 3-port, 3-position I 2 spool valve with unload valve m
Z
m
Oil lock valve In line, non-return valve, flow control valve type ::c
Strainer mesh # 42 x 100 mesh
»
r
o
Hydraulic oil SAE # 80 gear oil same as transmission oil m
CIl
()
Hydraulic external adaptor Optional ::c
-0
Lifting speed on-point linkage sec 1 -l
- - , - - - - - _... -
o
cO Z
 G)
....o Tractor model MT160 MT160D MT180 MT180D MT180H MT180HD
m
Z
m
Category ns "1" :0
»
r
~C!l
S:::e>
Lifting capacity kg (lb) 500 (1103) o
.-
o~
'" Top hitch pin hole dia 19 (3/4)
m
en
Cos::: ()
M= :0
Lower link stud hole dia mm(in.) 22 (7/8)
."
Width of cross-shaft -I
683 (26-29/32)
o
... Type Fixed type Z
'"
..c
- -
...0s:'" Max. drawbar pull kg (Ib) 390 (860) 590 (1300) 390 (860) 590 (1300)
Max. drawbar HP HP - - - - - -

Model NXIOO - S6L (S)

Capacity V-Ah 12 - 45
Size mm (in.) 238 x 129 x 203 (9-3/8 x 5-5/64 x 8)
(length x width x height)
Battery
Weight kg (lb) 14 (30.9)
Specific gravity of electrolyte 1,260[ 20°C (68° F) ]
Polarity of ground Negative
Bulbs V-W 12 - 35, 2 pcs
Head lamps
Light switch Relay type 3 steps, up and down
Tractor meter Engine tachometer
Location On the instrumental pannel
E Engine lubrica- Type Warning tellite
.lB tion warning
'"
>
lamp Warning lamp lighting kg/cm 2
0.2 ~0.4 (2.8 ~ 5.7)
'" pressure (psi)
..
cti
Co)
.;:
Co)
..:2
Lamp color
Location
Red
On the instrumental pannel
w
Water terrwera-
ture warrung Type Warning tellite
lamp Warning lamp lighting
temperature °c CF) 105 ~ 111 (221 ~ 232)

Lamp color Red

Battery charging Location On the instrumental panne1
warning lamp Type Warning tellite
--_._- - -

'1
 Warning lamp lights on 0.5 ~ 3.0 I
Battery charging V
Warning lamp lights off 4.2 ~ 5.2
warning lamp
.....,
E Lamp color Red
~ Capacity V-A 12 - 35 (Momentary 70A)
co Safe~ starter
SWltc
·5 Stroke mm (in.) 3 ± 0.5 (l/8 ± 1/64)
~'" Bulb V-W 12 - 23
w Working lamp
(optional) Location At the rear of righ t hand fender
Fuse A 10
;;:: Cooling water liter 5 (5)
(quart)
.co
.;::;
:~ Engine oil liter(pint) 3 (6)
~
'" Transmission oil liter 12(3-1) 14 (3-6)
E
·x0 (U.S. gal-pint) I
"-
0. Steering gearbox CC (oz) 200 (6.8)
0.
-'"'" Hydraulic oil Same as transmission oil
-!
.tj Front differential case oil
'" Incl. kingpin case oil
0.
u'" Fuel tank
liter(pint)
(U.S.gal-pint)
-
I 2.5 (5) I -
l
18 (4 - 6)
2.5 (5) f
-
I 2.5 (5)

~~ --~-- ---_._.- -

These specifications are subject to change without notice.

G)
m
Z
m
:0
»
r
o
m
en
(")
:0
-0
-l
..:.,. o
Z
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

GREASING JlUllJIlA"l"-""'''''''''''''-'''''

King pin (2-WD)

f---l
,I I' I,

, ~ Wheel hob 12-WDI

,~ I :
Center pin
lL ____I
Tie rod end

Drag link end

Clutch pedal boss--_ _~_~ Brake pedal boss

l Cross shaft

The greasing part ofMTl60/D and MTl80H/HD

are same as MTl80/D.
This figure shows MTl80D.

1-12
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

• = replacement 0= clean-up EB = check

Maintenance interval
Thereafter
Item Initial
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
50 every
hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs
Engine oil till till till till till 100
Engine oil filter element till
• till till
• 100
o 100
Fuel filter element 0 0 0 0 till
.400

Air cleaner element 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 till

0 50
·400
Injection nozzle pressure 6J 400
• 200
Transmission oil and HST filter till 6J
• 6J
• 6J 100
Hydraulic oil filter element 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50
4-WD front axle differential case and front gear .200
case oil
till Ef) till 6J
• 6J 100

Valve clearance 6J 6J 400

6J 50
Cooling water • 6J 6J 6J 6J 6J 6J
• ·400
Specific gravity of battery electrolyte 6J 6J 6J 6J 6J 100

[NOTE]
It is advised the intervals mentioned in the above list
regarding replacing, cleaning-up and checking are for the
standard cases and then desired to make each work so as to
meet the requirement depending upon the usage condition of
the tractors.
Initial 50 hrs services are for a brand new tractor.

1-13
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

API Grade (SAE No.)

Application Kind of Oil classifi- Ambient Temperature Description
cation Single Multi

~ 10 e (14°F)
0
5W 5W-20
-20 ~ oOe (-4 ~ 32°F) 10W 10W-30
r---
-10 ~ 10 e (14 ~ 50°F)
0
ee 20W Use High grade oil of
Engine Motor oil or
o ~ 20 e (32 ~ 68°F)
0
20 famous brand.
Super tractor eD
oil universal
10~30oe (50~86°F) 30
(STOU)
30 e (86°F) ~
0
40 20W-40
Below oOe (32°F) 75W -
-10~30oe (14~86°F) 80W 80W-90 Use good grade oil of
Gear Oil
o ~ 35°e (32 ~ 95°F) 85W famous brand.
85W-
Transmission/ GL-3 0 140
10 e (50°F) & above 90
Hydraulic, f - - O R - or
4-WD Front better Use good grade oil sup·
* Farm tractor plied by famous farm
Axle. use transm iss ion All seasons tractor manufacturers
/hydrau I ic oil
or oil companies.
or mu Iti -service
fluid.

Not requiring periodical

Steering service. Replace only
Grease - NLG1 - No.1
gear oil when overhauling.

As transmission oil is also used as hydraulic oil, gear oil with

higher viscosity will give a very bad influence on starting behav-
iour of the engine. From this standpoint this kind of oil is recom-
mendable for the areas of very low air temperature in winter
season.
For more details, please ask your MITSUBISHI dealer.

1-14
 1 ~ ~I H: I ~ ~ iI g

r<"

05W

!H~;~~'
~
I .5W~ Head lamp (R)
lO.58
'O-,A
OB5R!W -05R DOR 12V 35W

Head lamp(L)
12V 35W
Light switch "i!l--,0",5R""£.B+-f--~ 28/W
28iY 28/v
05R 05RfB O.SR/S
O.5W.' 085G!Y 05G!Y
085G/L O.SG/l
0858
O.SSG
0858
O.5Gy
8/~-.ll/Y_~BJ

Regu

I:~'I
F _5W/8

'~
II L

E
.5Y/G

0.56! 1\ 05W

[TI;SL
OB5L
SolenOId

Oil pressure
switch

Temp. SWitch

Connection mark

----@: LA - - ! > : CA ~ :TAB

0.858 ----{]): LE - - 0 : CB ----£I :CS

~
:--::I",ide
°1?~1
'::::::Ef= Without the front P.T.C. switch.
~I, connecting this terminal w/optlOn
~ ~~
'- _ _ _ oJ

o~ L----j-

I~ ______" ~ Male

tI
,~~

u
Fuse lOA B : Black G)

~
~II ~I -+__",28",1'''---'0> \ L : Blue m
H
o 2B/Y 1

2a~;58__ -.:~1 Z
~
G : Green
r--
TEMPi i!>EB6 ~;:~( R : Red m
:0
1-- Check
botton Fuel lamp Horn
12V 1.5A
~ __~t ______ J~r~~t -P~T~O~;~jtCh
L___Front W: White
Y : Yellow »
'-- L-
Warning lamp Assy.
12V 3.4W
Tractor meter P.T.D. r
123.4W
123.4W
o
m
en
(")
:0
""C
-I
.:..,. o
Z
01
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

When the atmospheric temperature is lower Temperature, mixing ratio and specific gravity
of the antifreeze
than O°C (32°P), cooling water should be
Percentage of
drained off completely or antifreeze solution Freezing point
antifreeze
Specific gravity
°c (OF) at 20°C (68°F)
should be added to prevent the breakdown of %
the cylinder block due to the frozen cooling -6.3 (20.7) 15 1.022
water. Percentage of the antifreeze to be added
-9.3 (15.3) 20 1.029
should be a little higher than specified for the
-12.6 (9.3) 25 1.037
lowest atmospheric temperature in your area.
-16.2 (2.8) 30 1.044
When adding an tifreeze solution, the follow-
-20.5 (-4.9) 35 1.051
ing rules should be observed, otherwise, the
-25.2 (-13.0) 40 1.058
cylinder block will rust.
-31.2 (-24.2) 45 1.066
(1) This tractor's engine is of a diesel type and
-37.6 (-35.7) 50 1.073
its cylinder block is made of cast iron.
Therefore antifreeze solution suitable for -45.2 (-49.4) 55 1.078
such a cast engine block must be used. 60% 1.088

(2) Before adding mixture of antifreeze and

water, completely drain cooling water and
clean the radia tor using a de tergen t. 1.85 gal.
(7Iiters)-
(3) Water to be added to the antifreeze should
be a clean soft water. 1.5 gal.
6
(5.67
(4) When the an tifreeze is no longer required, liters) 75%
drain and wash the cooling system using a 5
70
detergent and fill it again with clean water. 65 Anti freeze
60
Do not re-use the antifreeze solution after 1 gal. 4
55
it has been drained from cooling system. (3.78
liters) 50
45
(5) Treat antifreeze carefully as it can remove 3
40
paint from the cylinder block. 35 Water
(6) Any antifreeze solution (antifreeze and 0.5 gal. 2 30
(1.89 - 25
water), even if it is a permanent antifreeze, liters) 20
should not be used for more than 2 years. 1 15
10
(7) Confirm. that there are no leaks from the 5
hose joints or cylinder head gasket. I I j ,

o -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60°C

(8) Antifreeze with correct density to suit the (32) (14) (-4) (-22) (-40) (-58) (-76°F)

climate in your area should be used.

(9) When antifreeze is used for a long period in
winter, measure the specific gravity fre-
quently.

1·16
 F

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Unit·." kg-m (lb-tt)

Bolt size 4T 6T 7T 8T
ty 0.2 ~ 0.35 0.45 ~ 0.55 0.55 ~ 0.65 0.65 ~ 0.75
M5
F) (1.44 ~ 2.53) (3.25 ~ 3.97) (3.97 ~ 4.69) (4.69 ~ 5.42)
0.5 ~ 0.7 0.80 ~ 1.00 1.0 ~ 1.2 1.2 ~1.4
M6
(3.61 ~ 5.06) (5.78 ~ 7.23) (7.23 ~ 8.68) (8.68 ~ 10.1)

M8
1.2 ~ 1.7 2.0 ~ 2.5 2.5 ~ 3.0 3.0 - 3.5
(8.67 ~ 12.3) (14.4 ~ 18.1) (18.1 ~ 21.7) (21.7 ~ 25.3)
2.1 ~ 3.0 4.0 ~ 5.0 5.0 - 6.0 6.0 ~ 7.0
MlO
(15.2 ~ 21.7) (28.9 ~ 36.1) (36.1 ~ 43.3) (43.3 ~ 50.6)
4.5 ~ 5.5 7.0 ~ 8.0 8.5 ~ 9.5 9.5 ~ 11.0
M12
(32.5 ~ 39.7) (50.6 ~ 57.8) (61.4 - 68.6) (68.6 ~ 79.5)
6.5 ~ 8.0 10.0 ~ 12.0 12.0~13.5 13.5 ~ 15.0
M14
(46.9 ~ 57.8) (72.2 ~ 86.7) (86.7~ 97.5) (97.5 ~ 108.0)
9.0 ~ 11.0 13.0 ~ 15.0 15.5 ~ 17.5 18.0 ~ 20.0
M16
(65.0 ~ 79.5) (93.9 ~ 108.0) (112.0 ~ 126.0) (130 ~ 144)
12.0 ~ 14.0 17.0 - 19.0 21.0 ~ 24.0 25.0 ~ 28.0
MI8
(87.7 ~ 101.0) (123 ~ 137) (152 ~ 173) (181 ~202)

15.0~17.0 20.0 ~22.0 24.0,...., 28.0 32.0 ~ 36.0

M20 ~ ~
(108.0~ 123.0) (144 159) (173 ~ 202) (231 260)

Tractor serial number Engine serial number

It is located at the left side of the clutch It is located at the right hand side of the
housing, specifically upper side of the step. cylinder block, specifically injection pump side.

,
'c
'F)

---------
- - - -::-: :---= ::---=- --- - - -~-----------------

-~ =- =-= ~~-.:::-~ -= -=--==- =: ~-~1

Tractor serial number Engine serial number

It is located at the right side of the transmission case It is located at the right hand side of the cylinder
block, specifically injection pump side.
specifically upper side

1-17
r

GENERAL DESCRIPTiON

Sealants are similar in function to gaskets; the importance of selecting sealants of the types
they are used to keep liquids (such as lubrica'nts called for the MITSUBISHI Tractor, The follow-
and water) in - and dust, dirt, moisture and ing chart will serve as a rough guide for selecting
chemicals ("enemy" of the tractor) out. In this sealants:
respect, too much emphasis cannot be placed on

Sealant Selection Chart

Properties
Where to use Sealant base Operating temperature
(minimum requirements)

. Weather resistance
-30°C ~ 200°C
Threaded parts Epoxy-modified • Oil resistance (-22°F ~ 392°F)
.. Heat resistance
Engine
" Weather resistance
-60°C ~ 2S0°C
Main bearing caps
and side seals
Silicone rubber . Oil resistance (_76° F ~ 482°F)
• Heat resistance
.. Weather resistance
Heat-resistant synthetic • Oil resistance -40°C ~ ISO°C
Transmission case,
rubber (nonhardening (_40°F ~ 302°F)
hydraulic case, etc,
type) " Heat resistance
" Tear resistance
Chassis
" Moisture resistance
Brake covers, • Weather resistance -40°C ~ ISO°C
Special synthetic rubber
engine-clu tch
housing joint, etc, (hardening type) .. Oil resistance (-40°F ~ 302°F)

" Heat resistance

1-18
 ISO

~types
ol1ow-
ecting

Ire
f
r
!

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Description .............................................. " 2-1
Sectional views 2-2
Construction 2-4
Cylinder head assembly .................................... 2-4
Cylinder block assembly ................................ . . .. 2-6
Engine services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-10
Engine removal .......................................... 2-10
Engine installation ........................................ 2-13
Piston removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-13
Piston installation 2-14
Water pump removal ...................................... 2-14
Cy linder head disassembly .................................. 2-14
Cylinder block disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-15
Inspection .............................................. 2-1 6
Reassembly .............................................. 2-22
Lubrication system .......................................... 2-29
Description ............. " ................................ 2-29
Removal and disassembly .................................. 2-30
Inspection .............................................. 2-30
Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-31
Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-32
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-32
Disassembly .............................................. 2-36
Inspection .............................................. 2-38
Reassembly .............................................. 2-39
Governor system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-43
Description " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-43
Disassem bly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-44
Inspection .............................................. 2-44
Reassembly .................. : ......................... " 2-44
Cooling system ............................................ 2-45
Water punlp ............................................ " 2-45
Thermo switch ...... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-46
Thermostat .............................................. 2-46
Coolan t change 2-47
Rust inhibitors and antifreeze additives ........................ 2-47
 ?

Air cleaner ............................................... . 2-49

Ml
Description ............................................. . 2-49 Co(
Air cleaner services ....................................... . 2-49 cyJ
Periodical maintenance service chart ........................... . 2-50 Th
Engine maintenance guide ................................... . 2-51 all(

When to overhaul ......................................... . 2-51 M'l

Compression pressure test - how to measure compression pressure ... . 2-52 kw
swi
Engine diagnosis on the basis of compression pressure readings ...... . 2-52
blli
Engine diagnosis on the basis of oil consumption 2-52
General working rules on disassembling and reassembling steps ..... . 2-52
Troubleshooting ........................................... . 2-54
....................... . 2-58
Specifications and maintenance standards
Tightening torque ......................................... . 2-66
Application of sealants ...................................... 2-66
Special service tools ......................................... . 2-67
 ENGINE

The engines mounted on MITSUBISHI preheating system of glow plug type assures
MT160/D, MTI80/D and MT180H/HD water- positive cold starting; and their crankshaft,
cooled, 4-stroke cycle, overhead-valve, three supported at four places, is well balanced to
cylinders diesel engines. withstand continuous full load without exhibi-
They are Model lOA for MTl60 and MTl60D ting any abnormal vibration at all speeds. Each
and IOC for MT180, MT180D, MTl80H and piston is fitted with three compression rings and
MT180HD which technology and manufacturing one oil ring. Full consideration is given to all
know-how. Their combustion chambers are of features of engine construction in order to
swirl type designed to provide inproved com- ensure the reliability of engine performance and
bustion efficiency and high fuel economy; their to facilitate maintenence services.

Frontal view

Right-hand side view Left-hand side view

2-1
 p

ENGINE

10

11

21

13

12

l-Water pump pulley 6-Exhaust valve "-Cylinder block 16-Cran k gear

2-Cooling fan 7-0il filler cap 12-Flywheel 17-Gear case
3-Water pump 8-Rocker cover 13-Rear oil seal case 18-Cran kshaft
4-Water outlet fitting 9-Rocker shaft 14-0il pan 19--Cran kshaft pulley
5-lntake valve lO-Cylinder head 15-0il screen 20-Fan belt
Longitudinal view

2·2
 ENGINE

'1:-1----_ _ 35

33---_-1

·10 26

11

29

30

21
22

3 21 -----..:;~t.:.. 31

34

21-Fuel injection pump camshaft 26-Valve spring 31-Tappet

22-Fuel injection pump 27-ROcker arm 32-Camshaft
23-1 njecti on nozzle holder 28-Valve push rod 33-Speedometer driven gear
24-Glow plug 29-Piston 34-Drain plug
25-Air breather pipe 30-Connecting rod 35-0il level gauge
Transverse view

2·3
f

ENGINE

CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY Cylinder head gasket

A steel-and-asbestos gasket is used for the
Cylinder head head gasket. Its internal edges for cylinder bores
The head, made of a special cast iron, is are grommetted with stainless steel sheet to
shaped to retain greater rigidity and promote resist the high combustion heat and pressure
the conduction of excess heat to the coolant. As encountered there. Both faces of the gasket are
will be noted in the cross section, the head coated with a sealing compound.
carries overhead valves arranged for cross-flow
Each replacement gasket comes with its
intake-air admission and scavenging, with intake
surfaces so treated that no sealing compound is
port located on the right and exhaust port on
required when installing it during engine reas-
the left. The high power capability of the Model
K3A and K3C is measurably accounted for the sembly.
improved volumetric efficiency resulting from The later production of this engine uses gasket
this valve configuration. whose base material is carbon called "Gra-Foil."
The pre-chamber (pre-combustion chamber),
in which the swirl type of pre-combustion takes
place, is of insert type in construction, and is
press-fitted into the cylinder head to form its
integral part. The pre-chamber is not meant to
be removed from the head in engine disassembly.
The valve guides for both intake and exhaust
valves are common, there being no need to
distinguish between the two. They are of a
sintered alloy, impregnated with oil for increased Cylinder head gasket
resistance to abrasive wear.
Valves and valve springs
The material of intake valves is a heat-resistant
steel; the head diameter is sized large for in-
creased intake efficiency. The heads of exhaust
valves are faced with a special alloy, which is
deposited by welding.
Valve springs, made of a high-carbon spring
steel, have their bottom ends shaped specially so
that they will solidly seat on the cylinder head.
Their top ends are identified by red enamel.
There are no differences in spring retainers and
2 3
retainer locks between intake and exhaust valves.

l-Nozzle holder 8-0il filler cap

2-Cylinder head 9-Rocker shaft
3-Mouth piece 10-Rocker arm
4-Glow plug ll-Rocker cover
5-Valve spring l2-Rocker shaft stay
6- Valve stem seal l3-Push rod
7-Valve
Cylinder head - Cross section

2-4
 p
ENGINE

Air breather pipe Rocker cover

Stem seal

Valve guide

the
)ores
t to
111;---- Tappet
;sure Valve stem seal
tare
So that no lube oil will find its way into the
its cylinder head through the sliding clearance
ld is between valve stem and guide, a valve stem seal
reas- is fitted to the guide.

Rocker arms, shaft and stays

:sket The arms are a special cast iron in material;
il." each arm is casehardened by gas carburization. Crankcase ventilation system
A lube oil hole is drilled in the top part of the
arm.
The rocker shaft is fabricated from carbon-
steel pipe stock; its hollow serves as oil passage.
Those parts of the shaft on which rocker arms
are mounted are induction-hardened.
There are three shaft stays made of an
aluminum alloy by casting. The stay on the rear
side has an internal oilway drilled in such a way
as to convey the lube oil coming from the
cylinder head. The stay for the rear side is also
usable for the front side.
:ant
in- Crankcase ventilation system
lUst This system refers to the arrangemen t designed
1 is
to feed back the blowby gas (occurring in the
crankcase) to the air breather pipe, so that the
:ing gas (which is high in combustible content) will
r so be drawn into the air inlet side and then into the
lad. cylinders.
leI. The space inside crankcase is communicated
md to the space inside the rocker cover through the
res. tappets and the space around the pushrods.

2-5
 F

ENGINE

CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY

b
a

sl
iJ

31

tl
l-Front plate 4-0il seal 7-Main bearing, No.1
2-Cylinder block 5-Bearing cap, No.1 8-Main bearing, flanged, No.3 gl
3-0il seal case 6-Cap bolt 9-Cap side seal t;:

Cylinder block assembly - Exploded view bl

at
Cylinder block
The material of the block is a special cast iron fi
whose composition is carefully controlled to it
present surfaces adapted to sliding contact with c(

pistons. In other words, liners are not used in \ - ()

In

this block. Four ribs are cast out of the block o

for four main bearings, of which No.3 bearing is

flanged to take up the axial thrust. (
These bearings are of shell type constructed o
according to the tri-metal concept: a sintered -=-
copper alloy (Kelmet type) deposited on the No.3 bearing as thrust-and-journal bearing
steel backing, with an overlay of a tin-lead alloy
for improved initial wearing-in action. The whole Crankshaft
surface is flash-plated, The crankshaft is a carbon-steel preCISIOn
The bushing supporting the front journal of forging, whose sliding-contact surfaces at jour-
camshaft is a special copper alloy deposited on nals, crankpins and sealed portions are induction-
the backing, (The early production of this engine hardened. It is an integral piece, well-balanced
is not equipped with this bushing,) and shaped for high rigidity.
ca
 ENGINE

ring are plated with hard chromium at their

sliding faces.

Crankshaft

Flywheel and ring gear

Piston and piston rings
The flywheel is made of a cast iron. The pilot
bearing for holding the clutch main shaft end is Connecting rods
a ball bearing. The connecting rod has its big end split
The ring gear is made of a carbon steel and horizontally and its shank forged into "I" shape
shrink-fitted to the flywheel; its gear teeth are in cross section for greater rigidity. The bearing
induction-hardened. in the big end is of the same tri-metal type as the
main bearings. The bearing shells are flash-plated.
Pistons, piston pins and piston rings
The piston is an aluminum-alloy die casting,
and possesses a minimized inertial mass so that
the high-speed load on the main bearings is
greatly reduced. Its diameter is cam-ground and
tapered to optimize its fit in the bore when the
block comes up to the normal operating temper-
ature.
The piston pin is a hollow forging, whose
finished surface is casehardened by carburization;
®
it rotates in the piston but press-fitted into the
Connecting rod
connecting rod, thereby presenting a semi-float-
ing type of small end connection. Front plate and gear case
The front plate is bolted to the cylinder
block; it is a steel plate, located in place by a
positioning pin above the camshaft gear and
another pin below the injection pump gear. A
gasket is used between this plate and the block.
To the left-hand rear face of this plate is
secured the hydraulic pump gear bearing housing
together with the gear case.
n
r-
The gear case is an aluminum casting secured
1-
to the front plate, and houses the front b~aring
Piston and piston pin for the hydraulic pump gear and also other parts
d
associated with the governor. It should be noted
The three compression rings are of a special
that the gear case serves also as stoppers for the
cast iron. The top ring (compression) and oil camshaft and idle gear.

2-7
 f

ENGINE

Camshaft and timing gears Helical gears, finished by shaving and crown-
The camshaft is a high-carbon steel forging ing for greater durability and quieter running,
having three journals by which it is fitted into are used for the timing gears.
and held by the cylinder block. Its journal and
Hydraulic pump gear
cam faces are induction-hardened for increased
resistance to wear. Lube oil is pressure-fed from The gear for driving the hydraulic pump is
cylinder block to each camshaft journal. By a located at the left-hand end part of the gear
recess or notch provided in the rear journal, lube case. The rear end face of the shaft of this gear
oil is intermittently supplied through the cylinder has a groove for Oldham coupling. The pump
head in order to lubricate the rocker arms and is connected to the bearing housing directly.
related parts of the valve mechanism. An oil Tappets and pushrods
hole which permits an excess of the oil to return
The tappet, pot-like in shape, is heat-treated (
to the oil pan is drilled in the rear end of the
in a carburizing gas furnace and has its bottom
shaft.
face hardened by chilling. Thus, it is highly c
resistant to wear. Relative to the center of its t
cam, the center of the tappet is slightly offset
in order to avoid uneven wear of its bottom
face riding on the cam.
The pushrod is a steel bar, whose end portions
are flame-hardened.

Camshaft

Valve timing
Intake valve opens 18° Before Top Dead Center
Exhaust valve closes 18° After Top Dead Center
Intake valve closes 46° After Bottom Dead Center
Exhaust valve opens 46° Before Bottom Dead Center s
0
Fuel injection lining 21 Before Top Dead Center Offset between tappet and cam
Top dead center 0]
Intake valve Fuel-injection-pump camshaft
Exhaust valve closes
bl
opens This injection pump is of "in-line" type and
is driven by the camshaft built in the engine
\ Direc~ion of side. Its material is a high-carbon steel, the cam
f rotation faces being induction-hardened.
Exhaust stroke
A ball bearing is used to support the front
part of this camshaft; the tip of the front part is
shaped to admit the governor shaft. The rear end
Bottom dead center
face has a groove for Oldham coupling. It is
Valve timing diagram through this coupling that the oil pump is
The valvetirning data, listed above, presuppose driven.
that the valve clearance has been accurately set
to meet the specification for each valve.

2·8
 ENGINE

having and crowl)

I quieter running
2--!"I'
3
4
Vdraulic pump i~
e>art 0 f the geaJ
:haft 0 f this gea{
)1ing. The pump
ing directly. (Rear view)

Injection-pump camshaft 1-"0" ring (small) 4-Driven gear shaft

2-"0" ring (large) 5-Camshaft
, is heat-treated.'Oil
' pan 3-Sleeve 6-Cylinder block
has its bottom . . .
't .' The 011 pan IS a steel-sheet vessel havmg a Speedometer driven gear
,s, 1 is highly
drain plug located at the lowest point of its
e center
. of itsb tt
0 om.
1
sIgh tly offset
of its bottom

~ end portions

nshaft

Oil pan

Speedometer driven gear

This driven gear is of high-speed automotive
type and provides good durability. It is mounted
on the center part of the left side of cylinder
" type and block and is driven by the camshaft.
the engine
1, the cam

the front
>11t part is
~ rear end

ing. It is
pump is

2-9
 F

ENGINE

Besides the daily or routine services required (4) Water pump.

on the engine, repair and replacement services (5) Gear case cover, timing gears or related
have to be carried out at times depending on the parts.
internal conditions of the engine. For the latter
class of services, the whole engine may have to
ENGINE REMOVAL
be dismounted from the tractor or some of its
components may have to be dismantled and In the event of the flywheel or clutch needing
taken down with the engine remaining in place. a repair service, the engine must be taken down,
In either case, it is essential that the work be complete with the radiator, front axle and
performed in a clean place, with a clean floor chassis, by detaching it from the clutch housing.
and a surrounding space large enough to handle The method of separating the engine from the
the engine or its components freely. clutch housing is detailed in the section for
Use of the prescribed tools (special tools) in CLUTCH.
addition to the common tools is another essen- The engine removal procedure for replacing (4
tial requirement. The standard practices for crankshaft or cylinder block is as follows:
engine servicing include the following: (I) Bring the tractor to the place of work,
(a) Have a hoisting or lifting means ready for letting it stand on the level floor, and drain
use. Some of engine components are too the engine oil pan.
heavy to handle with bare hands.
(b) The exterior surfaces of any part or com-
ponent must be cleaned before its removal.
(c) Have a full assortment of hand tools
(including special tools) ready for use.
Make sure they are clean.
(d) There should be an adequate number of
trays and pans for holding disassembled
parts in an orderly manner, plus plenty of
washing fluid and wiping cloths. A supply
of clean compressed air is desirable. Drain plug on oil pan (S)
A repair or replacement service is usually (2) Drain the engine coollng system by opening (6)
occasioned by an operating difficulty or failure the cock cock on the cylinder block.
of one or more components of the engine. If the
service involves removal of one or more of the G
below-named engine parts, it is not necessary to
take down the engine from the tractor; the
service can be carried out with the engine in
place.
(1) Cylinder head. (This includes the valve
mechanism.)
(2) Pistons.
(3) Fuel-injection pump or oil pump.

2·10
 ENGINE

(3) Unlatch and open the bonnet, and undo

the headlight wire connectors inside.
Remove hinge bolts and take down the
bonnet.
Lightlg wire connectors

utch needing
taken down ,
It axle and
tch hOUsing.
le from the (7) Loosen the clamp on the manifold-side end
section for of air cleaner hose, and pull off this end.
Lighting wire connectors Loosen the bolt on air cleaner band , and
remove the air cleaner.
Irreplacing (4) Disconnect cables from the battery termi-
'ws: nals: disconnect the minus (-) cable first
of work, and the plus (+) cable next.
, and drain Negative cord

Removing air cleaner

(8) Remove the bolt and unit securing the air

)/ug Positive cord
cleaner mounting bracket in place, and take
(5) Remove safety covers and engine covers off the bracket.
'pening (6) Undo all electrical connectors and discon- (9) Disconnect upper and lower hoses of the
nect wires from their terminals. radiator from the engine side, loosening the
clamps on hose connections.
~
------/

:lrain
cock
~
\/
Thermo switch
Removing radiator hose

2·11
 f
ENGINE

Mounting bolts

Removing radiator mounting bolt

Removing oil pipe (engine side) (
(0) Loosen radiator mounting bolts, right and
left, and take down the radiator from the (16) Place a jack under the clutch housing, and
chassis. operate the jack to push up the housing (
(11) Disconnect fuel return pipe from fuel tank. lightly.
(2) Turn off fuel filter cock, and remove the (17) Remove the bolts securing the chassis:
fuel pipe between filter and injection there are two bolts on front side and a
pump. total of eight on right and left sides.
(13) Disconnect engine control rod from gover- Remove the chassis gently.
nor lever.
(14) Disconnect drag link from steering lever.

Ball socket (2

Removing chassis

Cotter pin

. Removing drag link

(5) Disconnect oil pipes from the hydraulic

pump, making sure that "0" rings come
out of the pipe connections.
In case of MT180H/HD, remove cooler
outlet pipe and cooler in let pipe.

2-12
 ENGINE

Cover

(18) Hitch a wire-rope lifting sling to the engine ENGINE INSTALLATION

hanger bolts, and operate the hoist to take
and up the weight of the engine. The procedure of re-installing the engine is
sing reverse of the foregoing removal procedure.
(19) Remove the bolts securing the engine to
the clutch housing. As necessary, ply open
,sis: the joint to sever the engine from the
PISTON REMOVAL
d a housing by using a flat-tip (plain) screw-
des. driver. Pull the engine (in suspended state)
To remove the pistons, proceed as follows
off the housing.
(with the engine in place):

[NOTE] (I) Drain oil pan.

The bolts securing the fuel tank (2) Drain the cooling system by opening the
bracket need not be removed. cock on the lower part of the radiator.
(3) Remove air cleaner cap. Unlatch and open
(20) Bring the engine over to and set it on the
the bonnet.
work stand: the engine is now ready for
disassem bly. (4) Disconnect cables from the battery termi-
nals, undoing the terminal connection of
<4-WD TRACTOR>
minus (-) cable first and that of plus (+)
If the machine is a 4-WD tractor, two more
cable next.
steps must be carried out just before taking
up the weight of the clutch with a jack in (5) Remove safety guards, right and left.
Step (17), above. The two additional steps (6) Loosen the clamp on air cleaner hose at
concern the universal joint: manifold side, and disconnect the hosf.
(a) Remove the front and rear universal- Loosen the air cleaner band bolt, and take
joint covers. down the cleaner.

(b) Pick out the front universal-joint circlip, (7) Remove the bolts securing air cleaner
pull out the pin, and disconnect the joint. bracket in place, and take off the bracket.
(8) Disconnect the radiator upper hose from
the engine.
(9) Disconnect the tractor meter wire at
engine side.
(10) Disconnect the fuel eturn pipe from the
fuel tank.

2-13
 P
f

ENGINE

(11) Undo the wire connectors of glow-plug and PISTON INSTALLAnON

water-temperature wires. To re-install the pistons, carry out the fore-
(12) Remove the bolts securing the alternator going procedure in the reverse order. Be sure to
brace to cylinder head. clean each part thoroughly before installing it,
(13) Disconnect the exhaust manifold (complete and to oil it just before it is inserted or fitted if
with muffler) from the cylinder head. it is a rotary or sliding part.

(14) Disconnect and remove fuel injection pipes.

WATER PUMP REMOVAL
(15) Remove the nuts fastening down the rocker
cover, and take off the cover. It is necessary to take down the radiator from
the chassis in order to remove the water pump.
(16) Remove the bolts securing the rocker stays,
and take off the three stays complete with
rocker arms and shaft.
(17) Pull out the pushrods one by one.
(18) Loosen the cylinder head bolts sequentially
in the ascending order of num bers as shown
below and remove the cylinder head.

Removing water pump

CYLINDER HEAD DISASSEMBLY

Carry out the Steps (1) through (19) of

piston removal procedure, outlined above. Set
the removed cylinder head assembly on the
Cylinder head bolt loosening sequence bench, and proceed as follows:
(1) Remove nozzle holders.
(19) Remove the cylinder head gasket.
(2) Disconnect glow-plug lead wires, and
(20) Disconnect tie rod from knuckle arm.
remove the plugs.
(21) <4-WD TRACTOR>
(3) Using the valve lifter, remove each valve in
Remove the front and rear universal-joint
this manner: Compress the spring with the
covers; pick out the front circlip; pull off
lifter; take off retainer locks; and pick out
the pin; and disconnect the universal joint.
retainer, spring and valve in that order.
(22) Remove the bolts securing the oil pan to Place the removed parts in trays or pans,
the cylinder block, and take off the oil pan, separating them into three groups, one
taking care not to distort it. Remember, group for each cylinder. Be sure to identify
the sealing compound used in this joint each part for the cylinder it has been
may not permit the oil pan to separate servicing.
easily.
(23) Remove the cap nuts on each connecting-
rod big end, take off the cap, and push out
the piston assembly from block top.

2·14
 ENGINE

t the fore-
Be sure to
stalling it,
Dr fitted if

ator from
'pump, Cylinder head assembly Removing tie rod

(4) Disconnect water bypass hose, and remove [NOTE)

thermostat fitting.
It is very important that, before the
gear case is removed, the injection pump
CYLINDER BLOCK DISASSEMBLY control rack should be disconnected
from the tie rod. As mentioned previ-
(1) Take down the engine from the machine.
ously, the front plate is bolted to the
(2) Remove the cylinder head assembly, as cylinder block, the bolts being run in
outlined in piston removal procedure, above. from inside the gear case. Be careful not
(3) Remove the water pump and electrical to remove the plate together with the
parts and components as outlined in respec- gear case and also not to disturb the
tive paragraphs. dowel pins.
(4) After pulling out the pushrods, draw out
the tappets, taking them out from the
19) of cylinder block top.
~. Set (5) Remove the speedometer driven unit.
I the
(6) Loosen the nut securing the crank pulley,
and take off the pulley and washer.
(7) Take down the flywheel: loosen the fly-
and wheel bolts just a little at a time.
(8) Remove the rear plate and rear oil seal case.
ve in
(9) Turn over the cylinder block upside down, Removing gear case
I the
and remove the oil pan and oil screen.
out (11) Remove the fuel injection pump.
·der. (10) Remove the hydraulic-pump gear bearing
housing and the gear case. Just before (12) Remove the governor weight securing bolt,
ans,
detaching the gear case, be sure to remove and take out the weights.
one
tify the inspection peep hole cover and to (13) Remove the set screw on pump camshaft.
een disconnect the stopper spring and tie rod (14) Remove oil filter and oil pump assembly,
from the pump control rack. and draw out the pump camshaft.

2·15
 F

ENGINE

(18) Use the piston pin setting tool (special tool)

to separate piston pin from piston in the
manner illustrated here: lay down the
connecting rod on the tool body, fit the
pushrod tool to the piston pin in place,
and press down the pushrod to force the
pin out. Never use a hammer to drive on
the pushrod tool.

Removing timing gears

(15) Remove timing gears and detach the front

plate from cylinder block.
(16) The push rods, tappets and speedometer
driven unit having all been removed, draw
out the engine camshaft.
(17) Open the big end of each connecting rod
by removing the cap. Push out each piston Removing piston pin
assembly from block top.
[NOTE]
[NOTE] a) Never drive off the pin. If the pin is
Have all removed parts laid out in seized in the piston, it may be neces-
groups, identifying each part for the sary to replace, piston, pin and con-
cylinder from which it was taken. It is a necting rod with new ones.
standard practice to assign a reference
b) Do not apply a press force of more
number to each cylinder and use that
than 3000 kg (6615 Ib) to the special
number to refer to the group of parts,
tool.
whIch of course include bearing shells,
piston rings, etc. Never drive out the (19) Remove the main bearing caps. Set aside
combination of piston and connecting the removed caps and bearings separately
rod: push on the mating face of big end in groups, each marked for its journal, so
with a wooden stick, as necessary, not to that the same combination as before can be
damage the bearing shell. reproduced at the time of reassembling.
Before removing caps, read the crankshaft
end play and write the reading down for
reference.
(20) Take off the crankshaft.

INSPECTION

Cylinder head
(1) Wash the cylinder head clean. Before doing
so, visually examine it for evidence of
Removing piston complete with connecting rod cracking, water leakage or any damage.

2·16
 ENGINE

(2) Check to be sure that the internal oil Valve seats

)
passages are all clear. (I) Visually inspect each valve seat for seating
e
e (3) Using a straightedge and feeler gauge, check contact pattern and for damage and, as
e the gasketed surface for flatness. necessary, repair it by lapping in the usually
, manner to the seat angle and diameter
"
e specified.
n

Intake side Exhaust side

Valve seat angle and diameter
(2) An insert-type valve seat in service is
Checking the gasketed surface for flatness
subject to beating action of its valve and
might force itself, though very gradually,
Valve guides
into the cylinder head, thereby presenting a
(I) Take diameter measurements on valve guide phenomenon of "seat sinkage," which is
and stem to find out the radial clearance primarily due to creeping effect of stressed
by subtraction; if the determined clearance metal. This sinkage shows up as an incre-
exceeds the limit, replace the guide or ment in the as-installed length of valve
valve, or both. spring.
(2) To remove the guide for replacement, drive Measure the length of each valve spring in
it out of the cylinder head by giving a push place and, if the increment (corresponding
to the bottom side of the guide. Use the to the sinkage) is found to exceed the limit,
valve guide remover. replace the whole cylinder head.
To install the replacement guide, press it
In measuring the as-installed length, it is
into the hole until its trailing portion
permissible to read the distance between
measures 12 ± 0.5 mm (0.5 ± 0.02 in.) from
the bottom end of spring to the top face of
de cylinder head top, as shown below. After
spring retainer. In such a case, the thickness
ly pressing the guide in, check the radial
(measured in advance) of the retainer must
so clearance by inserting its valve stem just for
be subtracted from the reading. The retainer
be a trial: if the clearance is too small, ream
(actually the flange) thickness is 1.7 + 0'8
Ig. the guide to produce a proper radial
mm (0.067 +0.0118 in).
clearan~e.
ift
'or
: 12±O.5

Valve guide

lng Pressing in of valve guide

of
Measuring as-installed length of valve spring

2-17
ENGINE

Valves (2) A rocker arm whose end face for pushing

(I) Visually inspect the seating face and stem down the valve stem is badly worn must be
of each valve for wear and damage, and replaced. The same consideration is required
repair or replace the valve, as necessary. for the adjusting screw, whose end face
comes into contact with the top of the
(2) A valve whose head is worn down to the pushrod: if this face is found badly worn,
limit of "T" value must be replaced. replace the adjusting screw.
(3) Inspect the valve for localized wear at three
places in particular, which are indicated in Cylinder block
the illustration, and repair or replace the (I) Visually inspect the cylinder block before
valve, as necessary. Make sure tha t the top and after washing it clean. If any crack or
end face and other surfaces of the stem as serious damage is noted, replace the cylin-
shown by arrows are smooth and that der block.
there are no dents nor groovy depressions (2) Check the camshaft front journal bushing
on the stem. for wear. If the bushing is worn beyond the
service limit or damaged beyond repair,
Inspect here. remove it by using the special tool (installer)
and replace it with new one.

Check here.

Valve wear Front face of

cylinder block

Removing camshaft bushing

Valve springs
(I) Cracked, worn or otherwise damaged springs
must be replaced.
(2) A weakened valve spring, the weakness
being evidenced by its reduced free length
or spring rate, must be replaced.
(3) Check each spring for squareness. Never
re-use distorted valve springs.

Rocker arms and rocker shaft

(1) Take diameter measurement on rocker arms
and rocker shaft to determine the clearance
between the two. Replace the arms if the
clearance exceeds the service limit.

2-18
 ENGINE

ing (3) Clean the water jackets of the cylinder

be block, removing water scales and rust, if
red any.
ice (4) Check each cylinder bore for wear and
the inspect the bore wall for scoring, scuffing
rn, and other types of surface flaw, to deter-
mine whether repair by reboring or honing
is necessary or not. To take micrometer
readings for wear determination, be sure to
ore measure at three levels, I, 2 and 3, in two
or directions, A and B, as shown, thereby
lin- Measuring the piston outside diameter
producing a total of six readings.
(5) If the piston rings are the only parts to be (3) Check the side clearance of each ring in
ing renewed, there being no need of reboring the groove and, as neceSS31Y, replace the
the or honing the cylinder bores, check the ring.
air, amount of "ridge" formed of the top
ler) To measure the side clearance of No. I ring,
portion of the bore and, as necessary, which is taper, hold the ring face flush with
remove the ridge by reaming. The bore the land face, and insert a feeler gauge
should be honed after this reaming. between the piston and the bottom (flat)
side of the ring.
Ig

O~O,2 mm
(O~O,008 In)
Empty weight of
ring

Measuring cylinder bore diameter

Checking ring side clearance

Pistons, piston pins and piston rings (4) Piston rings whose joint gap is too large
(1) Burnt, grooved or badly scuffed pistons must be replaced. To check the gap, place
must be replaced. the ring in the cylinder bore and push it
(2) Measure the piston diameter at its skirt in down with the piston inserted upside down.
the direction perpendicular to the piston
pin to determine its radial clearance in the
cylinder. If the piston is found excessively
worn, replace it.

2-19
 F
ENGINE

When the ring is located at the least worn (2) Inspect the surfaces of journals and crank-
part (lower section) of the cylinder, take pins for burning and damage and, as
out the piston and read the gap with a necessary, repair these surfaces by grinding
feeler gauge. to the next undersize. Grinding to an
undersize necessitates replacement of the
existing bearings by the corresponding
i~ undersize ones .
....~
] When grinding the journals and crankpins,
)"' Cylinder
be sure to finish the comer radii to 2.5 mm
~~ (0.1 in.).

Piston ring
Checking rings for joint gap

Connecting rods
(1) To check each connecting rod for bend and
twist, the connecting rod aligner must be
used. Fit the connecting rod to the aligner
and, if the rod is found to be excessively
distorted, that is, bent or twisted, repair Measuring crankshaft outside diameter
or replace it.
(3) Check the crankshaft end play and, if the
(2) Check the big end for thrust clearance by
measured play is in excess of the specifica-
fitting the big end to the crankpin and by
tion, replace the No.3 main bearing. End
using a feeler gauge. If the clearance is
play measurement is valid only when the
noted excessively large, replace the con-
crankshaft is set in place in the normal
necting rod.
condition, with its main bearings fitted
correctly and its bearing cap bolts tightened
to the prescribed torque value. Use a dial
gauge in the illustrated manner to read the
end play.

Checking connecting rod thrust clearance

Crankshaft
(1) A distorted crankshaft must be straightened
or, if the distortion is too large to correct,
be' replaced. Distortion here refers to the
bow, if any, of the crankshaft, which can Reading crankshaft end play
be measured with a dial indicator in the
usual manner.

2-20
 ENGINE

Main bearings and connecting-rod bearings grind the crankshaft journals and crankpins
s (1) Inspect the bearing shells, paying particular to the next undersize and use the undersize
g attention to the tri-metal surface for evi- bearings.
11 dence of flaking. Burnt, pitted or wiped
e shells and shells showing bad contact Timing gears and hydraulic pump gear
g pattern must be replaced. Inspect these gears for tooth contact pattern,
tooth wear and damage and, as necessary,
(2) Mike the main bearings and connecting-rDd
replace them. Inspect the Oldham coupling
s, bearings and also the crankshaft journals
groove formed of the end of the pump gear; if
n and crankpins to determine, on the basis of
this groove is disfigured or damaged, replace the
ID readings and OD readings, the amount
gear.
of oil clearance available in each fit. (A press
gauge can be used instead.) Camshaft
(1) If the running clearance between the
camshaft journal and its hole provided in
the block is too large, then either the
camshaft or the block must be replaced.
This clearance is to be determined by
measuring journal diameter and hole dia-
meter.
(2) Visually inspect the cam faces for damage,
and check each cam for cam height by
miking. Replace the camshaft if any of the
he cams is in bad condition in regard to cam
;a- Measuring main bearing ID
height and face.
nd
he
1al
ed
led
lial
the

Measuring connecting rod (crankpin) bearing

When reading the bearing ID, whether it is

a main bearing or a crankpin bearing, be Measuring cam height on engine camshaft
sure that the bearings shells are tight in the
usual manner, with the cap bolts torqued Fuel-injection-pump camshaft
to the specification. If the clearance Inspect and check this camshaft as in the case
determined by computing with the ID and of engine camshaft. Additionally, inspect the
OD readings exceeds the limit, replace the shaft end, which is shaped for Oldham coupling:
bearings or, if mere bearing replacement the camshaft must be replaced if the coupling
does not produce the specified clearance, end is disfigured.

2-21
 f

ENGINE

REASSMBLY
Cylinder head
To reassemble, use reverse of disassembly
procedure. Observe the following rules:
( I) Install valve guides, making sure that each
guide protrudes out of the top of the head
to the specified height. (The method of
installing them is explained in "Inspection,"
above.) (
(2) Fit the valve stem seal to each valve guide,
Measuring cam height on injection-pump camshaft
making the seal settle snugly on the guide
Tappets end.

(1) A tappet whose bottom face is flaked, (3) Oil valve stems, and insert them into the
grooved or cracked must be replaced. guides. Put on valve springs, retainers and
locks, in that order.
(2) Check each tappet for radial clearance by
miking its OD and hole ID. Be sure to (4) Build up the rocker mechanism by proceed-
replace the tappet if the clearance is found ing as follows: Hold the front stay with its
mounting bolt hole coming on the right-
to exceed the limit.
hand (nozzle) side. Insert the rocker shaft
into the stay so that the identifying mark
(3-mm or O.l-in. dia. hole) on the end of
the shaft faces the right-front side (theJn
pump). Mount the outer front rocker an
and secure it in place by fitting snap ring;
mount the inner front rocker, thus com-
pleting the reassembly of the first group.
Reassemble the second and third groups
similarly, ending with the fitting of the rear-
most snap ring; set the whole mechanism
Engine tappets on the cylinder head; and secure it to the
head by bolting. Be sure to use seat washers
Pushrods (10
on the bolts for front and rear stays.
(1) A pushrod which is excessively worn at
either end must be replaced.
. . Front Identifying mark
(2) Check each pushrod for straightness by
rolling it on a surface plate. If it is bowed
or otherwise distorted, straighten it in the
usual manner or replace it.

Speedometer driven unit

Inspect this unit for wear and damage at its
gear and shaft. Be sure, at the time of installing Rocker arms and shaft
this unit, that the "0" ring is in good condition.
(5) Run the glow plugs into the head, and
tighten them to the prescribed torque

2-22
 ENGINE

value. (Gaskets are not required because of center on compression stroke when the
the tapered seal feature.) engine is cold.
(6) Mount the nozzle holders. The mounting Be sure to tighten the cylinder head
ly
bolts must be tightened equally, and to the bolts to the specified torque before
prescribed torque value. Use new gaskets adjusting the valve clearance.
~h on the holders.
ld
(7) Connect lead wires to the glow plugs in
of
place.
"
(8) Do not apply any sealant to the cylinder
head gasket: the replacement gasket comes
,e,
with its surfaces coated with sealant.
je
(9) When securing the cylinder head to the
block, be sure to tighten its bolts sequen-
h.e
tially to make sure that the pressure will
ld
be equalized. This is accomplished by
running all bolts in till they become finger-
d- Adjusting valve clearance
tight, and then tightening them with a
ts torque wrench gradually and in two or
It- (b) To bring the No.1 cylinder piston to top
three steps, each time moving the wrench
ift dead center on compression stroke, align
from one bolt to another in the sequential
rk the timing (TDC) mark on the crank
order indicated by the numbers and tighten-
Df pulley with that on the gear case by
ing to the prescribed torque limit in the
turning the cranksahft in normal direc-
final step. 5 tion, as shown below. Now, the intake
g; 8 and exhaust valves of the No.1 cylinder
n- are ready to be checked. Check the
clearance and, if it is incorrect, adjust it
3
by turning the adjusting screw.
ps
H- Be sure to align the timing marks
rn perfectly or the valves are moved away
h.e Cylinder head tightening order from the correction position, making it
:rs impossible to obtain the correct valve
(10) Several kinds of gaskets and packings are clearance.
used on the cylinder head. Be sure to use
new gaskets and packings in reassembly. ( "-
No.2 TOC\ " -
Also, be sure to use the prescribed sealant ---"'-...

at the places specifically designated.

(11) To adjust the valve clearance, proceed as
follows:
(a) Valve clearance adjustment should be
carried out with the piston in top dead

No.3 TOC

Timing marks

2-23
 p
z

ENGINE

(c) Next tum the crankshaft 240 degrees in f) Important clearances, end plays and
normal direction to bring the No. 3 thrust plays are specified to be within
cylinder piston to top dead center on a certain range or to take a certain
compression stroke. Having made sure value. In the process of reassembly, be
that the timing marks are perfectly sure to check and double-check such
aligned, check and adjust the valve clear- a clearance or play.
ance on this cylinder.
The sequence of steps for reassembling the
(d) Further tum the cra'1kshaft 240 degrees, engine is exactly reverse of the disassembly.
and similarly adjust the valve clearance However, a large number of reassembling steps
of No.2 cylinder valves. involve special techniques, treatments, checks
for meeting specific requirements, and adjust-
Cylinder block ments. Those steps will be described.
The procedure of building the cylinder block
assembly is as follows: (I) When installing the camshaft front journal
bushing into the cylinder block, use the
[NOTE] installer and press in the bushing so that the
a) Clean all parts thoroughly. Make sure oil holes in the bushing and cylinder block
(:
oil holes are clean and clear, sliding are aligned. It is advisable to put a mark
surfaces free of any foreign matters, indicating oil hole position on the front
and rotary parts capable of smooth face of cylinder block with a soft pen
rotary motion. before installing the bushing for the
convenience of aligning the holes and also
b) Before fitting a part, be sure to oil it
of checking after the installation of the
lightly.
bushing is completed
c) Do not re-use the gaskets, packings,
"0" rings and the like that have been
removed in disassembly. Use new
Oil passage in block
sealing parts in reassembly.
, . . - - - - - - - - - Oil hole in the bushing
d) Use of sealant is specified for some
(Make sure oil hole in the
joints and fits. Be sure to use the bushing is aligned with oil
sealant where its use is prescribed. passage in block. Be careful
riot to insert bushing the
e) Adhere to the standard practice of other way arround.)

tightening bolts or nuts sequentially

on a part secured by a plurality of
bolts or nuts (in order to avoid distort-
ing the part) and to use a torque
wrench on bolts for which a torque
limit is specified. Even those bolts
or nuts for which no torque limit is
specified must be tightened to a How to align bushing oil hole
certain limit established for the type a) Before installing the bushing, scribe
oil hole center mark on front face of (5)
and size of the bolts or nuts. Under- block with a marking pen or the
tightening or stripped screw threads like.

are usually a result of ignoring the fact b) Set up the bushing on the tool and
press it into bushing hole as guided
that a so-called "torque limit" is by the mark scribed in step a).
synonymous to required tightening
Installing camshaft front journal bushing
torque.

2·24

z
 ENGINE

(2) Fit the main bearing shells to the caps and

to the half-bores formed of the block,
making sure that each shell is correctly
positioned.

the
)ly.
:eps
:cks
Fitting directions of side seals
ust-
(7) To the rear oil seal case of crankshaft, fit
mal the oil seal; and install the seal case with its
gasket, securing the case fast to the cylinder
the
Securing main bearing caps block.
the
.ock
(3) Oil the crankshaft journals and crankpins,
1ark
and set the crankshaft in place.
ront
pen (4) Put on main bearing caps and secure them
the by tightening their bolts to the prescribed
also torque value.
the Each cap has an arrow mark and numeral
cast out: refer to these marks and position
the cap correctly. When installing Nos. I
()
and 4 caps, be sure to apply sealant to their ~
mating faces.
Installing oil seal case

(8) Using the piston pin setting tool (three-

piece tool), combine piston with connect-
ing rod in the following manner:
(a) Fit piston pin to the pushrod (tool), and
run guide (tool) all the way into push-
rod.
(b) Insert the combination of pushrod, pin
and guide into the piston from the guide
side, passing the pushrod through the
small end of connecting rod, making
<:I
sure that the front arrow mark (on
Fitting side seal of main beanng cap piston crown) and the identifying mark
lcribe on connecting rod corne on the same
face of (5) Check the end play of crankshaft.
~e
side ( top side).
(6) Apply sealant to the periphery of the side Before inserting the pin, be sure to oil it
I and
seals, and push them into the front and as well as the small end.
lided
rear caps. This completes the installation of
the crankshaft.

2-25
 f
ENGINE

b) As stated previously, restore all parts

to their original positions in reassem-
Pllshrod bly. Remember, piston and pin consti-
Piston pin

Piston ~
Arrow mark
Piston
Ji: I

I
Ir'IJ~. --- :::-1
-! I" 1,/1
--1;
I
Connecting rod
Identifying mark
tute a set and must not be inter-
changed. Be sure, too, that the three
pistons are of the same size (same
mark).

(9) Fit the rings to the piston, discriminating

Guide
U I'[ ::-
the three compression rings, as shown, and
Base plug ____ / I'~. Tool body distributing the gaps equiangularly. The
side face of each ring with the maker and
Pressing in piston pin size marks comes on top side. When install-
ing the oil ring with expander, be sure to
(C) Rest the whole work (piston, pin and position the expander tube opposite to the
connecting rod with pushrod and guide) gap of the ring.
on the tool body, bringing the notch of (I
the guide into register with the notch No.1

provided in the tool body; and turn the

guide by 90°, making sure that the small .~~
No.2 (1

:1\
end is snugly settled in the recess of the
body. Again, check to be sure that the
(I
front mark on piston crown and the
identifying mark of the rod are both on
Oil ring (1
top side and pointing upward.
(d) Using a press and applying a force of
anywhere between 500 and 1500 kg ~
(1103 and 3308 lb), push the pin into
Piston rings
the connecting rod. Should the pin go in
with a push of less than 500 kg (1103 lb)
or greater than 1500 kg (3308 lb), the Front
connecting rod or pin and piston must
be replaced. The guide (tool) serves to
locate the pin in the prescribed position. No.1

After pressing the pin in, turn the push-

rod by 90° and take off the combination
from the tool body.

[NOTE] (l0) Insert the three combinations (piston and

connecting rod) into the cylinders from
a) After combining piston with connect- the gasketed surface, using a ring band on
ing rod, check to be sure that the pin each piston to embrace its rings. Make sure
is centered on the axis of connecting that the ring gaps are correctly distributed
rod. If the pin is found displaced to and that the arrow mark on piston crown
one side, check the tool and, after points toward the front end of the engine.
correcting it as necessary, use it to On the crankshaft side, connect the con-
push the pin back to the center necting rods to respective crankpins, with
position.

2-26
 ENGINE

ts the bearings fitted properly, and secure the

\- caps by tightening their bolts to the pre-
i- scribed torque value.
r-
e
e

ating
, and Timing gears
The
. and (15) Attach the governor weight assembly to the
stall- injection-pump camshaft gear.
re to (16) After installing governor parts, install the
D the I nserting piston-connecting rod combination gear case, with its gasket properly set, while
inserting the tie rod and its stopper spring
(11) Install the front plate, with its gasket
properly positioned and doweling the plate into the cylinder block.
securely.
(12) Turn over the crankshaft to bring No. I
piston to top dead center position.
(13) Fit the key into the keyway formed of
crankshaft, and install the crankshaft gear.
(14) Set idle gear in place, matching its" 1" mark
to the" 1" mark on crankshaft gear. If the
crankshaft front bearing is already in place,
the latter" 1" mark may be hard to see and,
in such a case, reference should be made to
the engraved line, instead of the" 1" mark,
that is provided on the side face of gear Securing gear case to cylinder block
boss. Fit the guide seals coated with sealant
to the front and rear main bearing caps at (17) Put on the crank pulley, followed by its
this time by pushing the seals in, and have washer and nut, and tighten the nut to the
the cap bolts tightened to the torque limit. torque limit.
Insert the camshaft assembly into the (18) Fit the gasket to the block, and install the
cylinder block, positioning its gear in such rear plate.
a way as to bring its match mark "2" into
and register with the mark "2" on idler gear.
from Similarly install the injection-pump cam-
don shaft, making the match mark "3" of its
sure gear to the mark "3" of idle gear. Finally,
uted install the hydraulic pump drive shaft,
:own meshing its gear with camshaft gear.
gine.
con-
with

Securing rear plate to cylinder block

2-27
ENGINE

~ 19) Attach the oil screen, and install the oil

pan.
(20) Tum over the cylinder block. While slowly
rotating the camshaft or the speedometer
driven gear shaft, install the driven unit,
making sure to tIt its "0" ring correctly. d
Apply sealant such as Three-Bond #2 to c:
the periphery of the sleeve. d
a
To reassemble the driven gear unit, proceed
as follows:
(a) Fit "0" ring in the groove in the sleeve. Inserting tappets OJ
oj
(b) Apply EP (extreme-pressure) type grease bl
(22) Install the cylinder head assembly on the
to the periphery of driven gear shaft,
block, as outlined in the preceding section.
especially to its "0" ring surface, and
insert the shaft. (23) Install the injection pump assembly: refer
to the section dealing with the fuel system.
(c) Secure the shaft to the sleeve by insert-
ing the spring pin, being sure that the
grO<;lVe of the pin faces outward and that
the tip of the pin is not protruded
beyond the periphery of the sleeve.
(d) Put "0" ring to the groove on the
periphery of sleeve. After completing
reassembly, check to be sure that the
gear shaft rotates smoothly.

1 2
Installing injection pump

(24) Install the oil pump and filter: refer to the

section covering the lubrication system. Be
sure to apply sealant to the screw threads
of the oil pressure switch when installing
5 this switch.
1-Driven gear shaft 4-"0" ring (small) (25) Install the fuel filter.
2-Sleeve 5-Spring pin (26) Install the water pump and cooling fan.
3-"0" ring (large)
Reassembling driven gear unit (27) Install the starter and alternator. For this
installation work, refer to the section
(21) Oil the tappets liberally, insert them into dealing with the electrical system. Eng
the holes, and follow them with pushrods, F
making sure each pushrod fits snugly. pres
abo\

2·28

b
 ENGINE

DESCRIPTION
Grade (SAE No.)
Air temperature
The oil pump is of trochoidal type; it is Single Multi
driven from the rear end of the injection-pump Below _lODe (14°F) SW SW-20
camshaft through an Oldham coupling. The -200~oOe (-4°~ 32°F) lOW lOW-30
discharge pressure is kept at a constant level by -10o~ lOoe (14°~ 50°F) 20W
a check valve. 0
Oo~ 20 e (32°~ 68°F) 20
The oil filter is of full-flow type. Discharged o
lOo~ 3s e (SOO~ 95°F) 30
oil is cleaned while flowing through the cartridge 0
30 e (86°F) & above 40 20W-40
of this type oil filter before entering the cylinder
le
block. The oil in the oil pan should be changed every
100 hours of engine operation. The first oil
8
change should be effected after 50 hours of
er
initial operation.
L
Here's the method of changing the oil: When
the engine is still hot after a substantial duty
run, drain the oil pan completely, and add the
fresh oil through the filler (whose cap is atop
2 the rocker cover) until the oil surface comes up
to the upper level mark on the level gauge. After
4 filling up the oil pan, run the engine a minute or
so and then re-check the level.
3
Oil fIlter
This cartridge-type filter is easier to handle
12
because its body and filtering element are
integral. It has a built-in check valve on the
he upstream side, which is arranged to respond to
6
Be the differential pressure across the element
ds When this pressure exceeds I kg/cm 2 (14.2 psi)
ng 1-0il filter 7-0il pan
2-Check valves
(due, invariably, to a dirty element), the valve
8-0il filler cap
3-0il pump 9-Rocker arm opens to allow the oil to bypass the element,
4-0il pressure switch 10- R0 kcer shaft causing an unfiltered oil to flow into the
5-Cran kshaft ll-Camshaft cylinder block in order to maintain an adequate
6-0il screen 12-0il level gauge supply of lube oil to the running parts of the
his
Engine lubrication scheme engine. The filter element is prescribed to be
on
replaced by a new one every 100 hours. The
Engine oil infonnation first replacement should be effected after 50
For the present engine, the engine oil is hours of initial operation.
prescribed to be of API classification of CC or
above, whose viscosity rating is as follows:

Oil filter

2-29
 f
ENGINE

Oil pump REMOVAL AND DISASSEMBLY

The oil pump is of the trochoid type and is U
Oil filter
located at the right side of the cylinder block, t1
behind the fuel injection pump. It has a build-in The filter can be loosened and removed with
m
check valve; this valve limits the discharge bare hands. If the filter is too tight to turn, use
13
pressure to 4 kg/cm 2 (57 psi). a filter wrench (available in the market).

When the check valve operates to relieve the Oil pump

excess pressure, part of the discharged oil is The oil filter must be removed to take down
bled out into a line leading to the oil pan. The the oil pump. Separate the pump cover assembly
running parts of the pump are two: inner rotor from the body and take off the gasket.
and outer rotor.

e INSPECTION
o
Spring --8 Oil pump
Check valve --{l If the clearance of the outer rotor in the body
Oil pressure 4!> is too large, replace the rotor assembly. To
switCh-G Rotor ass~~ measure this clearance, use a feeler gauge, as
Pump body .dbW1 shown.
the
Cover

Oil
l
cire
Oil pump - Exploded view
pre:
the
Oil pressure switch
spel
This switch is located at the rear right-hand clos
side of cylinder block, and senses the oil pressure kg/<
by means of its diaphragm to close the circuit one
when the pressure falls to anywhere between Checking outer-rotor clearance in the body
0.15 to 0.30 kg/cm 2 (2.13 to 4.27 psi.) As this
switch operates, the warning lamp lights up to If inner rotor clearance in outer rotor (as
alert the operator. Whenever this lamp lights measured in the manner shown with a feeler
(except when the engine is started), the engine gauge) is too large, replace the rotor assembly.
must be promptly shut down to search for the
cause of low oil pressure condition.
State in which pressure is
down below 0.15 to 0.30 kg/cm 2
(2.13 to 4.27 psi.) or is gone.

State of normal operation Checking inner-rotor clearance in the outer rotor

Oil pressure switch

2·30
 ENGINE

Using a straightedge and feeler gauge, check REASSEMBLY

the side clearance between the outer rotor and
the pump cover. The body or rotors, 01' both, Oil filter
h must be replaced if the clearance is found too The filter can be installed with bare hands to
large. torque it in place. The required tightening
torque is from 1.1 to 1.3 kg-cm (0.08 to 0.09
Ib-ft). When fitting the filter, be sure that its
"0" ring is snug in the groove. Oil the "0" ring
n when fitting it to the groove. After completing
y the whole installation work, observe the oil
filter, when the engine is running, to be sure
that no oil leaks from the filter.

Oil pump
Oil the inner and outer rotors; attach the
.y gasket to the pump body; set the rotors in the
'0 Checking rotor side clearance body; fit "0" ring; put on the pump cover; and
is secure the pump by tightening its bolts.
Be sure to replace the "0" ring, which seals
the joint between body and cover. Oil pressure switch
Apply sealant to the screw threads of the
Oil pressure switch
switch body just before running it into the hole.
Test the removed pressure switch in a test Apply sealant sparingly so that the oil sensing
circuit arranged as shown, with variable oil hole of the switch will not be clogged.
pressure applied to its oil side, in order to see if
the switch opens and closes its contact at the
specified pressure values. If the switch does not
close at a falling pressure between 0.15 to 0.30
2
kg/cm (2.13 to 4.27 psi), replace it by a new
one.

lS
~r
Oil pressure . .

Oil pressure switch testing circuit

2-31
ENGINE

SYSTEM I

a
DESCRIPTION
a
Fuel oil in the tank flows by gravity through a
the fuel filter to the injection pump, by which it
is pumped to the three injection nozzles through
injection pipes. The injection nozzle is in the
holder, and has its spraying tip exposed to the
combustion chamber. Some of the oil reach-
ing the nozzle from the top of the nozzle holder
is spilled into overflow pipe and returns to the
fuel tank.

Overflow pipe

~
Fu
Injection pipe

Nozzle holder
a 1
ani
COl

injl

hal
Air vent screw "SIl
Injection pump
adjl
Fuel filter
l
the
the
ing
in t.

Fuel system components

2-32

h
 ENGINE

Fuel filter
This filter is complete with a cock at its inlet
and two air-vent screws. The filtering element is
a pleated paper unit easy to install and remove
and high in filtering performance.

Body - -:lfIl::~A;C " o j "COW

~ ~'O~COCk lever
Element lJ Adjusting plate side of pump

.. Injection quantity control

o The three plungers move up and down by the
same amount: the plunger stroke is constant.
cup~ "Injection quantity" refers to the amount of

Ringnut~
fuel injected through the nozzle into the cylinder
for each slug of fuel delivered under very high
Fuel filter pressure by the pumping element. (For test and
adjusting purposes, the value of injection quan-
Fuel injection pump tity is specified for so many slugs or, to say the
Each pumping element consists essentially of same thing, plunger strokes.)
a barrel, plunger, spring, tappet, control pinion Injection quantity is varied, not by varying
and delivelY valve. Three such elements are the plunger stroke (which is fixed), but by
contained in a single valve body to constitute an angularly displacing the plungers in place. This
injection pump. angular displacement of three plungers in unison
The injection pump is mounted on the right- is accomplished by the control rack, whose
hand side of the engine cylinder block, with its teeth are meshed with three control pinions. The
"smoke-set" device facing outward and its control rack moves straight; its linear movement
adjusting plates coming on the inboard side. causes all three pinions to turn, thereby causing
The three tappets ride on the three cams of the plungers to turn around their axes.
the pump camshaft by their rollers and convert The pinion is mounted on the con trol sleeve
the rotary motion of the cams into a reciprocat- surrounding the lower portion of the plunger.
ing motion for driving the plungers up and down The plunger is capable of reciprocating in but
in their barrels. angularly restrained by the sleeve.
The control force for actuating the control
rack comes from two sources: the fuel control
lever used by the operator and the governor
operating in response to engine speed.
Injection quantity decreases when the rack
moves to the right (towards STOP -- mark) and
it increases when the rack moves to the left.

"Comrol rack" side of pump

2-33
 F
ENGINE

10
operation, the ungleich set plate which con·
II trois the motion of the smoke set stopper is
provided. This injection increase characteris-
12 tic (ungleich effect "L") provides ,proper dE
13 torque performance suitable for the work CC
machine between the maximum output
fiE
point and maximum torque point.
14 an
~---'5 Resetting Ungleich Device and Starting ke
Engine pI,
16
To start the engine, push the speed control reI
17 lever in all the way in the stop direction and
then move it to the fully opened position,
18
and the ungleich set plate will be reset and
an excessive injection state created.
19

1-Air vent screw 11-Spring

2-Stopper 12-Del ivery valve
3-Control rack 13-Valve seat
4-Return spring 14-Plunger barrel
5-Gasket 15-Adjusting plate
6-"0" ring 16-Contr'ol pinion
7-Plunger 17-Upper seat
8- Lower seat .18-Plunger spring
9-Tappet 19-Pump body (housing) I
lO-Valve holder FJ
Injection pump - Cross section
Smoke set position Over· inJection stru
.. Smoke-set device "Smoke-set" device ope
The smoke set unit restricts the maximum higl
fuel injection rate from the injection pump and pres
reduces the amount of exhaust smoke. posi
The stopper is held by a spring in the illustrated ama
position. This position is the smoke set position. retn
When starting the engine, pull the speed control proc
lever fully toward the maximum speed, and the won
tie rod (with the stopper spring) moves the
control rack, which overcomes the spring force Ungieich set spring

and moves in the direction of the arrow, thus

allowing over-injection for easy engine starting.
Ungleich Device
On engines with an ungleich device described
under the following item c, however, the opera-
tions described under item d are required.
Ungleich Device
When an overload is imposed on the engine
during operation, the engine speed falls and l,
the function of the governor moves the
speed control rack in the direction that fuel J
injection is increased against the smoke set
spring to provide larger torque. To ensure an
optimum increase of the injection during ~
L
....-.------
Ungleich Effect "L"

2·34
 ENGINE

.. Injection-quantity equalizing adjustment Injection nozzles and nozzle holders

The three pumping elements are required to The nozzle l:l.Older and nozzle constitute a
deliver the same quantity of fuel for each unit, as will be noted in this partial cutaway
control rack position. The requirement is satis- view. Nipple
fied by allowing the two plunger barrels to be Shim washer
angularly repositioned while the third barrel is
Body
kept fixed in place. There are two adjusting
plates, each functioning as a cam to angularly
Spring
reposition the barrel. Flange

Pin
Distance piece
Retaining nut

o rr:;;J3) .
W 0-.-
Nozzle
Nozzle holder and nozzle - Sectional view

In operation, the highly pressurized shot of

fuel admitted into the top part of the holder
acts on the face, near the spray tip, of the
Cam mechanism for equalizing injection quantities needle valve and forces the needle valve upward
against the force of the spring to burst into the
Delivery valve
combustion chamber. through the spray
This is a spring-loaded valve similar in con- orifices in the tip. The drop of fuel pressure to
struction to a relief valve. In operation, the valve terminate the shot is so abrupt that the needle
opens when the plunger rises to develop a very valve seats itself sharply. Fuel spilled from the
high fuel pressure within the barrel. As the nozzle returns through overf1ow pipe to the
pressure falls, the valve snaps back to its closed fuel tank.
position in such a way as to draw back a tiny
amount of fuel from the injection pipe. By this DISASSEMBLY
retracting action, the nozzle is prevented from
producing an after-injection dribble. In other [NOTE]
words, each injection is sharply articulated. a) Do not remove the two adjusting
plates (locking the two rotatable
plunger barrels) if pump testing equip-
ment is not available. It is on the
equipment (pump tester) that the
pump can be adjusted and set for
proper injection quantity.
b) Internal moving parts, particularly
plungers, barrels, delivery valves and
the like, are high-precision parts and,
Injection in progress End of injection upon pump disassembly, must be
Del ivery valve action
protected against rusting. Be sure to
keep them immersed in a clean diesel
fuel contained in a suitably sized pan
or tray.

2-35
 P
1f

ENGINE

Fuel filter
Remove the retaining nut, pick out "0" ring,
and take out the element. o
Fuel injection pump
(1) Disconnect fuel injection pipes from
delivery valve holders.
II 10
(2) Removing the pump mounting bolts allows
the pump to be taken down. Just before 1/
~cu
lifting the pump off, have the tie rod
.~12
disengaged from the control rack inside:
to gain access to this rod, the side cover ~~13
must be removed. @~14

(3) Place the removed pump on the bench, and I-iS

@---IS
disassemble each pumping element in the
©-17
following manner:
[9----18

(1) Valve holder (11) Plate

During this disassembly, be sure to (2) Delivery valve (12) Control rack
measure the thickness of the adjusting (3) Plunger and barrel (13) Control pinion
shims (indicated as (17) in the exploded (4) Air vent screw (14) Upper seat
view) and write down the reading and (5) Hollow screw (15) Plunger spring
also the number of shims as reference (6) Pump housing (16) Lower seat
data for reassembly. (7) Return spring (17) Adjusting shim
(8) Stopper (18) Tappet
(9) Adjusting plate (19) Ungleich set plate
(a) Remove delivery valve holder (I).
(1 0) Tappet guide pin (20) Ungleich set spring
(b) Pick out delivery valve spring, valve (2)
Fuel injection pump - Exploded view
and "0" ring.
(c) Remove gasket and delivery valve seat.
(d) Straighten the lock plate, which restrains (h) Remove the smoke-set stopper by pulling
the tappet guide pin; push in the tappet off split pin and taking off washer and
return spring. Draw out control rack (12). No
(18) just a little and pull off the guide
pin with pincers. Take out the tappet (18).
Shims (17) and lower seat (16) will come
out.
(e) Pick out spring (15) and upper seat (14).
([) Pull down and remove pinion (13).
(g) Draw out plunger and barrel (3) from
(4
the delivery valve side of pump housing.
Be sure to group the delivery valve,
plunger and barrel, so that these and
related parts (pinion, spring, seats and Removing plunger
shims) will be restored to the place to
which they belong.

2-36
 ENGINE

body to protect the body when tighten-

ing the vise.
(b) Take out shim washer, pressure spring,
flange, pressure pin and distance piece
in that order.
(c) Take nozzle out of retaining nut. If the
nozzle will not come easily, shake it
loose by tapping on. it lightly with a
wooden mallet: be careful not to damage
the needle valve part in the nozzle.
Removing tappet

Removed delivery valve

Disassembled nozzle holder

(NOTE] INSPECTION
Do not remove the injection-quantity
adjusting plates since this removal Fuel filter
makes it necessary to test the pump on a Visually examine the filtering element and, if
bench tester. If necessary to remove it is found in clogged, deteriorated or damaged
these plates, be sure to mark the plates condition, replace it.
and pump body to aid reassembly.
Fuel injection pump
I. Nozzle holders " Delivery valve seat
(1) From each nozzle holder, disconnect over- If the seat is found with evidence of poor
flow pipe. seating contact, replace it.
(2) Similarly disconnect injection pipe. (I) In addition to the above requirement, each
(3) Loosen nozzle holder securing bolts, and pumping element has to meet the following
remove the holder assembly. requirement as proof of a proper fit of the
plunger in its barrel: Into the barrel re-
(4) Break apart the nozzle holder assembly in
moved upon injection pump disassembly,
the following manner:
insert its plunger about 15 ~ 20 mm
(a) Grip the holder body in 'the vise; put the (0.59 ~ 0.79 in) of the way, leaving a third
wrench to the retaining nut and loosen of its length outside the barrel, while
the body. Use soft-metal pads (aluminum holding the barrel horizontal; then angle
or copper) between vise jaws and holder up the barrel slowly by about 60°. This

2-37
 r
ENGINE

should cause the plunger to slide in all

the way by its own weight to evidence a
proper fit. If the plunger goes inward in a
free-falling manner or becomes stuck on
the way, then the pumping element must
be replaced.

15~20 mm
(O.59~O.79 in)

Barrel (2) Upon disassembly, inspect plungers and

barrels for signs of rusting, burning or any
other ma1condition, and repair or replace
pumping elements as necessary. Each
plunger inserted into its barrel should be
capable of smooth sliding motion when
pushed and pulled.

o
tt,
[J
."
,

,:

Delivery valve
F

Plunger and barrel

• Plunger and barrel
(I) When the injection pump is in disassembled
state, check the fit of the delivery valve piston F
in the bore by holding the valve with fingers
as shown. First, let down the valve all the way
into the bore, and give thumb pressure to the
bore. This should raise the valve a little and
release of thumb pressure should allow it to
settle into seated condition; if the valve remains
seated without responding to the thumb pres-
sure, its fit in the bore is too loose.

2·38
 ENGINE

• Control rack and pinions (4) Feed the control rack into the pump
Inspect the rack and pinions for tooth wear housing.
and damage. Badly worn or damaged rack and (5) Install pinions, positioning each pinion in
pinions must be replaced. such a way as to index its tall tooth (sided
• Tappet by deep valleys) to the engraved line on
Inspect each tappet for wear at its. sliding the rack.
surface, roller and shaft. A damaged or exces-
sively worn tappet must be replaced.

Injection nozzles
(I) Inspect each nozzle for damage, paying
particular attention to its needle valve. If
the needle valve is not seating tight, as
evidenced by its contact pattern, or if any
Control rack Engraved line
part of the nozzle is damaged, replace the
1 whole nozzle assembly. Meshing the rack with pinions
(2) Check to be sure that pressure springs are
(6) Insert the upper seat and its spring into
in good condition, free from any signs of
weakening. each pumping element.

(3) Each nozzle assembly must be tested for

spray pattern after its reassembly. The
testing method will be explained in "Re-
assembly," below.

REASSEMBLY

Fuel fIlter
(1) When setting the element, be sure that the
"0" ring fits snugly. With the element set
properly and "0" ring in place, tighten the Pumping element parts
retaining nut fully.
(7) Combine plunger with lower spring seat,
(2) Secure the filter assembly to the support. and insert the combination, bringing the
"L" mark on plunger flange to control rack
Fuel injection pump
side.
(1) Insert the barrel into the pump housing by
aligning its notch with the dowel of adjust-
ing plate.
(2) Fit "0" ring to valve holder.
(3) Insert spring seat, gasket and valve assembly
into the valve holder, and run the holder
into the pump housing. With the wrench,
tighten the holder in place to compress the
"0" ring fully.

2-39
 p

ENGINE

(8) Insert the tappets, each tappet being com- vent air out of this line by loosening the
plete with shim. Be sure that guide pin air vent screw.
holes in tappet and pump housing are (c) In the present engine, fuel injection is
aligned. Attach lock plate and, through the prescribed to begin at 19° before top
plate, insert guide pin. After installing the dead center. In other words, each pump-
guide pins, lock the pins by bending the ing element of the pump is required to
plate sharply. start delivering a slug of fuel when the
piston in its corresponding cylinder
comes to a position of 19° (crank angle)
B.T.D.C. on compression stroke. This
start, that is, injection timing, can be
checked in the following way:
.. Take No. 1 cylinder as the reference.
Remove the delivery valve holder,
delivery valve and spring, and install the
holder only, so that the fuel will con-
tinuously spill out from the holder.
Installing tappet .. Slowly turn over engine crankshaft by
hand until the fuel ceases to overflow
(9) Install the smoke-set device, positioning its from the holder and, right then at the
return spring and washer correctly, and crank pulley, observe the timing mark to
lock it by inserting split pin. see if the piston (in No.1 cylinder) is at
(10) Adjust and set the reassembled injection 19° B.T.D.C.; if not, increase or decrease
pump in the following manner: the thickness of the shim on the mount-
(a) A proper amount of shim must be used ing seat.
on the mounting seat when positioning
the pump in place. Engage the tie rod
(linked to the governor lever) with the
control rack, and fit the tie rod spring.
Shim stocks are available in nine thick-
nesses: 0.2 to 1.0 mm (0.01 to 0.04
in.), the thickness increment being 0.1
mm (0.004 in.).

Checking injection timing

• The moment the fuel ceases to overflow

corresponds to the start of injection.
Increase the shim thickness to retard the
timing and vice versa. Changing the
thickness by 0.1 mm (0.04 in.) produces
a change of about lOin timing.
.. The start of injection can be checked
(b) Reconnect the fuel feed line to the
at the end of injection pipe, with
pump, admit fuel oil into the pump, and
2·40
 ENGINE

the delivery valve and spring in place

and with the injection pipes properly
installed: this is an alternate checking
method. In this case, disconnect No. I
pipe from its nozzle holder. Using a
socket wrench at the crank pulley nut,
gradually turn over engine crankshaft to
let No. I pumping element force fuel out
of the pipe. The moment the fuel starts
swelling out of the pipe is the start of
injection. This will occur approx. I deg.
behind the standard injection timing.
(d) After making sure that the injection timing
is correct, install the tie rod cover. When Low-speed
installing the cover equipped with damper set bolt
High speed adjustments
spring, keep the tie rod pushed in the
direction of increasing the speed. ® Run in the damper spring adjusting bolt
to set the engine speed to the "B" rpm,
and lock the bolt with lock nut. (Apply
Damper Super Three-Bond #20 to the threads of
the bolt before locking.)
Specification
Model "B" rpm

K3A-13MT 2850 +30

-25
K3C-13MT 2850 +30
-25

Sealing cap
Tie rod cover
Installing tie rod cover

To set the high engine speed, proceed as

follows:
CD With the damper spring in free state (the
adjusting bolt backed), set the engine
speed to the "A" rpm by means of the
high-speed set bolt. After setting, lock
Damper spring adjustment
the set bolt with lock nut.
Specification ® Seal the adjusting bolt with sealing cap.
Model "A" rpm @ Seal the high-speed set bolt with wire
and cachet.
K3A-13MT 2840 0
-40
0 Injection nozzles and nozzle holder assemblies
K3C-13MT 2840
-40 (1) Fit nozzle assembly, distance piece and
pressure pin to retaining nut.

2-41
L
r
ENGINE

(2) Fit shim, spring and flange to body, and intermittently. A small amount of fuel
tighten the body and retaining nut together is discharged in this test at such a
by torquing to the prescribed value. pressure as will allow the needle valve to
chatter and, therefore, spray intermit-
(NOTE] tently with some low-tone sound. The
The body may be gripped in the vise, test is often called "chattering test." A
but not the retaining nut. This is because good spray is characterized by fine
the nozzle might suffer distortion if the atomization and straightforward jetting.
nut is clamped between the vise jaws.

(3) Fit gasket and nipple to the body.

(4) When installing the nozzle holder assem-
y 1.,
I':~
.J l,J ~

~~
U ~!,\,1
,',I.:
"I,'
blies, be sure to use new gaskets and tighten .,','

the securing bolts to the prescribed torque

Good Bad Bad
value.
Spray patterns in chattering test
(5) Prior to installing the overhauled nozzle
holder assemblies, test each for "start-of- (c) After-injection dribbling test
injection" pressure, spray pattern, "after- See if the nozzle dribbles after each
injection" dribbling and fuel atomization. injection. A dribbling nozzle must be
(a) Start-of-injection pressure test replaced. In the chattering test, fuel
A nozzle tester must be used to deter- might ooze out to form a globule of fuel
mine the pressure at which the nozzle at the nozzle tip but, since this is due to
starts spraying. If the pressure noted on the chattering action of the needle valve,
the nozzle under test is at variance with such a globule need not be taken as a
the specification, increase or decrease
the shim thickness. Changing the thick-
ness by 0.1 mm (0.04 in.) changes the
start-of-injection pressure by about 10
kg/cm 2 (142 psi).
·u· '·; \
.
cause of nozzle replacement.

,l)
';'i
·-t
i
~
,Iii I ]!1
~
~ ~~

Good Bad Bad

Dribbling in test condition

(d) Atomization test

Operate the tester lever rapidly, at a
rate of about 800 strokes per minute to
make the nozzle spray out with full
force. Visually observe the spray to see
if it consists of uniformly fine particles
of fuel, straight in direction and having
Start-of-injection pressure test no fissures.

(b) Spray pattern test

Operate the tester lever rather slowly
to see if the nozzle shoots out fuel

2-42
 ENGINE

DESCRIPTION

The principal device in the governor is three

flyweights mounted on injection-pump gear to ®
move its sliding shaft in linear direction. This
shaft pushes the governor lever ahead, and the @
lever is connected to the control rack through ®
the spring-loaded tie rod.
®
In operation, the flyweights spread apart and
contract according as engine speed rises and
(j)
falls. As the speed rises, the flyweights pushes its ®
sliding shaft to pull out the control rack in the
direction of decreasing injection quantity to
®
reduce engine speed. In the steady-state condi-
tion, this push by flyweights is counterbalanced
by the force of governor spring acting on the
governor shaft.

1-lnjection pump 9-Pump gear

2-Stopper spring 10-Camshaft
3-Tie rod 11-ldle gear
4-Governor lever 12-Needle bearing
5-Governor weight 13-Needle bearing
6-Sliding shaft 14-Governor spring
7-Gear case 15-Speed control lever
8-Governor shaft
Governor mechanism

2·43
 f
f'

ENGINE

DISASSEMBLY

(l) Remove fan belt. (Refer to the section

dealing with the cooling system.)
(2) Remove crank pulley nut, and take off the
pulley.
~3) Remove the fuel injection pump. (Refer to
the section dealing with the disassembly of
fuel injection pump.)
(4) Remove the gear case. (Refer to the re-
moval method outlined in Cylinder block.) Governor lever
(5) Take out governor spring, taking care not
to disfigure the spring. Governor spring
Check this spring for evidence of weakening,
(6) Remove nut, washer and governor spring
inspect it for breakage, and replace it if it is
lever; and take out speed control lever
found in defective condition.
from the gear case.
(7) Remove nut, washer and spring lever;
loosen the bolt securing the governor lever;
and remove the lever.
(8) Remove the governor weight assembly and
sliding shaft from the pump camshaft.
(9) From the governor lever, take off the tie
rod and spring.

INSPECTION
Governor weight assembly and sliding shaft
Governor weights assembly
Inspect the sliding and rotating portions of
Needle bearings
the weight assembly, and replace the assembly if
Check to be sure that the needle bearings on
any part is excessively worn or damaged badly.
the governor lever shaft which is held by the
Be sure that the sliding shaft is capable of
gear case, are in good condition, free from
smooth sliding motion.
excessive wear.
Governor lever
That part of the governor lever in contact REASSEMBLY
with the sliding shaft must be inspected for
wear. Similarly, the connection of the tie rod Reassemble the governor mechanism by
with the control rack must be inspected. Inspect reversing the sequence of disassembling steps.
the tie rod spring, too. After reassembly, move the rotating and sliding
parts by hand to be sure that they all move
smoothly.

2-44
 ENGINE

COOLING SYSTEM
Thermostat

~==

g,
is

Radiator

Schematic coolant circuit diagram

Bracket Seal unit

WATER PUMP aiiiiiilli
Construction
Engine coolant is set in recirculation by the
water pump, a centrifugal pump mounted on the
front end of cylinder block. The pump casing,
shaped like a bracket, is bolted to the front end
m of cylinder block and, by its protruding end,
Je holds the pump shaft through a double-row ball
m bearing. The inner portion of the shaft carries
the pump impeller and the outer portion, Water pump - Cross section
outside of the casing, carries a bracket, to which
the cooling fan hub and pulley are bolted. Removal
The space between the two rows of balls, (1) Drain the coolant space of the engine by
)y opening the drain cock, located on the
surrounded by the casing, is filled with grease:
~s.
there is no need to give lubricating attention to left-hand side of the cylinder block.
19
this bearing. A seal unit is fitted to the shaft, (2) Disconnect water hoses from the pump.
ve
right next to the bearing, to isolate the coolant (3) Remove fan belt.
space from the grease-filled space.
(4) Remove cooling fan.
(5) Remove the mounting bolts and take down
the pump.

2·45
 ENGINE

Inspection
[NOTE]
• Water pump Check to be sure that the bypass hose
(1) Inspect the as-removed pump for crack in ih
is installed away from the cooling fan.
the casing, evidence of failure in the seal be
unit and damage to the impeller. th
THERMO SWITCH Wi
(2) Spin the impeller by hand to see if the
pi:
shaft rotates rough and, if so, the pump This switch is installed on the cylinder head, We
should be replaced as a whole. on the front end face of its right-hand part. The Be
(3) Inspect the fan blades and hub for damage. actuating element, built in the switch body, Wf
responds to the change in coolant temperature
(4) Check the fan belt for permanent stretch.
and closes the switch contact at 108 ~ 1140 C
A stretched or otherwise deteriorated belt
(226 to 237 0 F) of rising coolant temperature.
must be replaced. Cracks in the belt mean
As the switch closes, the warning lamp lights up
that the belt is aged too much to stand
to alert the operator, telling him to take a
further use.
necessary step, namely, reducing the load, refill
• Bypass hose the cooling system as necessary or check the
Check the hose for cracks, deterioration or cooling-system components for the cause of
other defects. abnormal temperature rise.

Installation
• Water pump and fan belt
Install the pump by reversing the sequence of
removing steps and, after putting on the belt,
adjust its tension as follows:
The belt is in properly tensioned condition if
its middle part between alternator pulley and
crank pulley deflects 10 to 12 mm (0.4 to 0.5
in.) when pushed with a fingertip. To adjust the Ins
tension, displace the alternator in place. After Thermo switch (I
displacing the alternator to give a proper tension
to the belt, tighten the support bolt and brace
THERMOSTAT
bolt good and hard.
The thermostat, located in the path of return-
ing coolant, has a wax-pellet expanding and
contracting in response to the rise and fall of
coolant temperature. By its expanding and
contracting movements, the pellet actuates
the valve to control the coolant flow rate in the
return line to the radiator. When coolant tem-
perature is low, a little coolant is admitted by
the thermostat direct into the suction side of the
pump, thereby reducing the flowrate through the
radiator.
(2:
Adjusting fan belt tension

2·46
 ENGINE

Installation temperature, that is, when the water is

To install the thermostat, first secure the cold; if not, it means that the wax-type
thermostat fitting by tightening its mounting element is defective or has failed to require
bolts (2 pes) good and hard, and place the replacement of the thermostat as a whole.
thermostat in it, as shown. Then install the
Functional specifications
water outlet fitting with its arrow mark up after
Item Standard
placing its gasket. Installing this fitting the other
I, Valve opening
way round will cause damage to the thermostat. temperature
82°C (180°F)
e Be sure to apply Three-Bond #4 to the nipple
Valve full-open 95°C
when installing it to the thermostat fitting. temperature (203°F)
e
1 2 3 4

p [NOTE]
a The wax-pellet type thermostat will
.I be stuck closed if its sensing part is
e damaged, causing the engine to overheat.
f
COOLANT CHANGE

Soft water should be used in the cooling

system: hard water is likely to foul up the water
1-Water outlet fitting 5-Water bypass hose side of the system in a relatively short time by
2-Thermostat 6-Thermo switch forming scales and sludges - substances that
3-Nipple 7-Water pump
interfere with smooth conduction of heat from
4-Thermostat fitting
metal to the coolant. Even soft water, if used
Installing thermostat
too long, becomes high in the concentration of
scale- and sludge-forming impurities.

Inspection Twice a year, or at least once a year, clean the

whole cooling system by vigorous flushing and
(I) The thermostat valve remains seated
fill up the system with a fresh batch of coolant.
(closed) when coolant temperature is down.
The temperature at which the valve starts
unseating itself is specified; similarly, the RUST INHIBITORS AND
1- temperature at which the valve reaches its ANTIFREEZE ADDITIVES
J full-open position is specified.
It is recommendable that a rust inhibitor, which
f
To test the thermostat to see if it meets is commercially available in most of auto supply
j
these specifications, the thermostat must stores, should be added to the coolant in order
s
be taken down and placed in a pool of to retard the formation of rust and sludges in
e
water, whose temperature can be raised the cooling system. In areas where the lowest
and lowered. Remember, the thermostat is temperature is anticipated to be below the
y
insensitive to the pressure of engine coolant. freezing point, an antifreeze compound should
A thermostat not meeting the specifications be added to the coolant in an proportion
e
must be replaced. appropriate for the lowest expected sub-zero
temperature.
(2) When tested as above, the thermostat valve
should remain seated tight at the ambient

2·47
 P
it

ENGINE

A typical antifreeze compound is effective the corresponding temperature level, down to

to the extent and degrees illustrated. Its percent which the coolant will not freeze, are as listed
concentration in the coolant (cooling water) and in this chart:

Antifreeze
concentration 13 23 30 35 45 50 60
(%)
Freezing
temperature -5 -10 -15 -20 -30 -40 -50
[OC (OF)] (23) (14) (5) (-4) (-22) (-40) (-58)

r,
d
n

d
a
rE
w
IT

al
sl-

2·48
 ENGINE

AIR CLEANER

DESCRIPTION

The air cleaner is composed of three stages of

air cleaning: 1st stage is a wire-netting for keeping
out larger dusts such as straw, weed, etc. 2nd
stage is a cyclone-type centrifugal dust remover.
3rd stage is a paper-element cleaner. Incoming
air entering the 2nd stage is set in swirling
motion by cyclonic vanes, so that heavy dust
particles are flung off the air stream. The air
then enters the 3rd stage, in which it has to flow
through microscopically small pores formed in
the filtering paper and leaves fine dust particles
on the outer surfaces of the pleated paper wall.
The heavy dust particles cen trifugally sepa-
rated from the air fall into a dust cup. The fine
dust particles left on the paper element can be 1-Body 3-Dust cap
2-Element 4-Vane
removed by air-blasting.
Partial cutaway view of air cleaner
AIR CLEANER SERVICES

After each 100 hours of operation, empty the

dust cup, and clean the paper element, first with
a blast of compressed air and, if this does 110t
remove the deposited dust completely, then by
washing with a non-sudsing water-detergent
mixture.
If the machine is worked in a dusty area, the
above-mentioned servicing interval of 100 hours
should be shortened.

2·49
ENGINE

0, , , Check, adjust or replenish 0" , Clean l1li'" Replace /:;'" Drain

Time to check or adjust ~

:§ro ,-,
~~ '<:l cll
+-' 0 0 0 0
P<'" '1:1 Remarks
o~ tE~
0
..... 0 0 ca
"''''
'<t 00
'"P<'"
~~ ~~
,-0
t;'<:l i:;>'" i:;>~
~~
"'..<:1 ",t:J rIC
Check and service point t:Q3 ~s:; > 0 >0
~..<:1 ~..<:1
'" 0
> ;:l
~..<:1
00
...:11;; 0\1

OL
Engine proper
oi~
Loose, damaged and leaky points 0 in
Exhaust fume, noise, and vibration 0
Additional tightening of engine parts 0 0 inl
Valve clearance 0 0 as
gal
Engine idle speed 0 0
rei
Engine compression pressure 0
Lubrication system
Engine oil OVI

Oil fllter

Fuel system
Fuel 0 /:;

Fuel tank 0 0
Fuel fllter Replace only the
0 l1li element for the type
with cock
Injection pump 0 Adjustment of fuel
injection rate
Nozzle 0
I ntake system
Air cleaner (filter paper type) o
Cooling system
Cooling water Unless anti-freeze is onl
0 • • /:; mixed, drain after
each operation
inje
rnis
Fan belt 0
The
Electrical system hall
Check of each instrument (pilot lamp) 0 for
Starter motor, alternator, regulator 0 0* * Adjustment of
voltage and current
Glow plug 0

2-50
 ENGiNE

When to overhaul
The object of engine overhauling is to repro-
duce, as closely as possible, the vitality and
capability which the engine had when it was
new. The symptoms that justify the decision to
overhaul the engine are two: reduced power
output and high consumption of fuel and lube
oil, both being concurrent and attributable to
internal deterioration inside the engine.
There is no method nor test that verifies the
internal deterioration so accurately and quickly Fuel injection pump
as compression test. With a special pressure
Suppose that the engine has ceased to develop
gauge and its adaptor and fittings, one can
full power, so that you have to decide whether
readily measure the "compression" pressure on
the engine should be overhauled or not. The
each cylinder of the engine and tell, from the
right approach begins with posing these questions
readings taken, whether the engine should be
to yourself:
overhauled or not.
.. Is fuel or oil consumption appreciably higher
than before?
.. Is it harder to start up the engine?
.. Does the engine make more noise, coming
from inside, than before?
If the answer is yes to all these questions,
read "compression" pressures by the method
to be described and, if the readings are too
low (as compared with the specification), it
means that the engine needs overhauling
Pressure gauge, adaptor and fittings because it is internally deteriorated, that is,
for engine "compression" test
its internal running parts are excessively worn
In a diesel engine, low power output could - cylinder bores, pistons, piston rings and
often be due to some malconditions in the valves.
injection system - damaged injection nozzles, If, however, the readings (compression pres-
mistimed injection, low injection pressure, etc. sure) are adequately high, then the injection
These malconditions, if present, call for over- system should be blamed f01' the low power
hauling of the injection system components or output.
for re-timing of the injection. In conducting a "compression" pressure test,
it should be borne in mind that the pressure rise
occurring above the piston in the cylinder is
affected by the speed with which the piston
rises on compression stroke. It is for this reason
that the specification (a certain pressure which

2·51
 f
£

ENGINE

a brand-new engine should be capable of devel- Engine diagnosis on the basis of compression
oping) is based on a specific speed of engine pressure readings
cranking. (a) Compression pressure of a brand-new
engine could be slightly increased as the
piston rings, valve seats, etc. wear in. As
the engine parts wear down after "run-in"
period, compression pressure lowers gradu-
ally.
(b) If the readings are down to the limit (repair
limit), the engine should be overhauled.

Nozzle tester

Compression pressure test - how to measure

compression pressure
(1) Remove the preheater plug of the cylinder
to be checked.
(2) Run the pressure-gauge adaptor into the
threaded hole just vacated by the plug, and Measuring "compression" pressure
tighten the adaptor good and hard. Tie the
gauge line, complete with the compression Engine diagnosis on the basis of oil consumption
pressure gauge, into the adaptor. The gauge Another yardstick is oil consumption: if
is now rigged up. the current oil consumption is higher by more
(3) Start cranking the engine with the speed than 50% than the normal consumption, the
control lever fully pushed in so that no fuel engine is probably in need of overhauling.
oil will be injected and read the engine
speed just when the cranking speed has General working rules on disassembling and
reached a steady level. Read the pressure reassembling steps
gauge indication: this reading is the "com- (a) Cleanliness is absolutely essential for suc-
pression" pressure of that cylinder. cessful work, with respect to the place of
work, shop facilities such as benches and
(4) Carry out the foregoing steps on the next
fixtures, the engine parts handled, the
cylinder to read its "compression" pressure.
tools and materials.
[NOTE] (b) Use of right kinds of tools is another
Taking a reading only on one cylinder essential.
and assuming the other cylinders to (c) Before disassembling the engine, drain
produce the same pressure reading - this water, lube oil and fuel completely. Check
is a practice likely to result in an unwise oil for contamination. Also check the
decision. In the present engine, take qualities.of the oil and fuel.
three readings, one on each cylinder .•

2-52
 ENGINE

General hand tools

(d) Never try to economize sealing parts in

rebuilding the engine. "0" rings, oil seals,
gaskets and packings are "expendable"
items in most cases.
(e) Read the instructions given in the manual,
paying particular attention to the special
notes, hints and warnings.
(0 Crank the engine by hand to be sure it will
run smoothly before mounting it on the
machine.

f
i
e

n
k
e

2·53
ENGINE

Starting difficulties

Symptoms and possible causes Remedy

Starting run is slow a) Lube oil is too high in viscosity a) Replace by a low-viscosity lube
oil.
b) Battery has run down b) Recharge.
c) Aged battery c) Replace.
N
d) Defective connections of cable d) Clean battery terminals and
clamps with battery terminal cable clamps; correct loose
posts clamps.
e) Starter is defective e) Overhaul, repair or replace.
f) Defective drive parts in power f) Check the clutch for OFF.
train

Defective fuel injection a) Air is present in fuel a) Carry out an air bleeding opera-
system tion on fuel lines.
b) Fuel filter is clogged b) Clean or replace.
c) Injection pressure is low c) Adjust injection pressure.
d) Poor spray pattern d) Clean or replace nozzle. i
e) Unsatisfactory fuel delivery from e) Overhaul or replace injection
injection pump pump.
f) A wrong kind of fuel is used f) Replace by No. 2-D fuel oil or I
a lower-viscosity fuel oil in
severe cold season. c
g) Fuel injection timing is too g) Adjust fuel injection timing.
advanced

Poor compression a) Improper valve clearance a) Adjust valve clearance.

b) Defective valve seats b) Repair by relapping.
c) Seized valve stems c) Replace valves and valve guides.
d) Broken valve springs d) Replace valve springs. En

e) A leaky cylinder head due to e) Replace gasket.

blown gasket
c
f) Piston rings are seized in the f) Replace pistons and piston
grooves rings.
g) Piston rings, pistons or cylinders g) Overhaul engine.
are excessively worn

2-54
 ENGINE

Symptoms and possible causes Remedy

Glow plugs a) Glow plugs are burnt out a) Replace glow plugs.
b) Glow plugs do not become red b) Check and correct lead wire
hot connections.

Governor a) Governor control lever is set to a) Reset it to the start position.

a wrong position
b) Governor spring is off b) Correct.

Not enough output power

Symptoms and possible causes Remedy

Poor compression Refer to a), poor compression

"Starting difficulties," above.

Maladjusted fuel injec- a) Improper fuel injection timing a) Adjust fuel injection timing.
tion system b) Injected fuel quantity is not b) Overhaul or replace injection
enough pump.
c) Fuel injection pressure is too low c) Check injection nozzles and
adjust pressure.

Fuel is not reaching a) Air is trapped in fuel circuit a) Check connectors and retighten.
injection pump b) Fuel filter is clogged b) Clean filter or replace elemen t.
c) Fuel tank is not clean c) Clean fuel tank.

Insufficien t in take air Clogged air cleaner Clean air cleaner and replace
element.

Overheating a) Cooling water shortage a) Add cooling water.

b) Loose fan V-belt b) Adjust or replace V-bel t.
c) Radiator is clogged or leaking c) Clean or replace radiator.
d) Fuel injection is mis-timed d) Adjust fuel injection timing.
e) Engine oil shortage e) Add engine oil.

Engine oil consumption rate is high

Symptoms and possible causes Remedy

Oil leakage a) Defective oil seals a) Replace oil seals.

b) Blown gear case gasket b) Replace gasket.
c) Loose gear case mounting bolts c) Retighten.
d) Loose drain plug d) Retighten.
e) Loose oil pipe connectors e) Retighten.
f) Blown rocker cover gasket f) Replace gasket.
g) Loose rocker cover mounting bolts g) Retighten.
2·55
ENGINE

Symptoms and possible causes Remedy

Pumping up of oil a) Piston ring gaps are not positioned a) Correct.

correctly
b) Bent or twisted connecting rods b) Replace connecting rods.
c) Worn piston rings c) Replace piston rings.
d) Worn pistons or cylinders d) Replace pistons or re-bore the
cylinders.

Oil down a) Defective stem seals a) Replace stem seals.

b) Worn valves or valve guides b) Replace valves or valve guides.

Abnonnal sound or noises

Sumptoms and possible causes Remedy

Crankshaft main a) Worn bearings a) Replace bearings or grind the

bearings crankshaft.
b) Worn crankshaft b) Grind the crankshaft.
c) Fused bearings c) Replace bearings and check
lu brication system.

Connecting rods and a) Worn connecting rod big end a) Replace bearings.
connecting rod bearings bearings
b) Worn crankshaft pins b) Grind the crankshaft.
c) Bent connecting rods c) Correct bend or replace.

Pistons, piston pins and a) Worn cylinders a) Re-bore and grind cylinders to
piston rings oversize and replace pistons.
b) Worn piston pins b) Replace pistons.
c) Seized pistons c) Replace pistons and grind
cylinders.
d) Seized pistons and worn or d) Replace pistons and piston rings.
broken piston rings
--
Camshaft and others a) Worn camshaft a) Replace camshaft.
b) Excessive valve clearance b) Adjust.
c) Worn timing gear c) Replace gear.
d) Worn fan pulley bearing d) Replace bearing.

2-56
 ENGINE

Engine run is not smooth

Symptoms and possible causes Remedy

Fuel injection pump a) Injection quantity varies from a) Adjust fuel injection quantity
one cylinder to another or replace defective parts.
b) Malfunctioning of control rack b) Overhaul, check and repair the
fuel injection pump.
c) Worn delivery valves c) Replace delivery valves.
d) Poor atomization of fuel sprayed d) Replace nozzles.
from nozzles

Governor a) Malfunctioning of governor a) Check governor shuft and

correct.
b) Weakened governor spring b) Replace spring.

2-57
 P
l
ENGINE

Engine proper All values in mm (in.) unless otherwise indicated

Descrip tion Type Standard value Repair limit Service limit

2
Compression pressure 32 kg/cm 2 (455.2 psi)/280 rpm 26 kg/cm Approx.
(369.8 psi) 22 kg/cm 2
(312.9 psi)
Pressure difference between 2.5 kg/cm 2 (35.6 psi)
cylinders (max)
Injection order 1-3-2
Injection timing
K3A, K3C-13MT 21° ± 1.5° B.T.D.C. (when started 21° ± 2°
at smoke set position)

Cylinder head
Bottom surface flatness 0.05 (0.0020) max. 0.1(0.0039)
(distortion)
Valve guide L.D. (both 6.6 (0.2598)
intake and exhaust valves)
Valve seat angle (both 45°
intake and exhaust valve)
Valve seat width (both 1.3 to 1.8 (0.0512 to 0.0709) 2.5 (0.0984)
intake and exhaust valve s)
Valve seat sinkage -1 (-0.0394)

Valve timing
Intake valve opened 18° B.T.D.C.
Intake valve closed 46° A.B. D.C.
Exhaust valve opened 46° B.B.D.C.
Exhaust valve closed 18° A.T.D.C.
Valve clearance (both intake 0.25 (0.0098) (when engine is
exhaust valves) cold)

Valve
Valve head diameter
Intake valve 27.2 (1.079)
Exhaust valve 25.2 (0.9921)
Overall length 114.5 (4.5079)
Stem O.D. 6.6 (0.2598)
Clearance between stem
and guide
Intake valve 0.10(0.0039)
Exhaust valve 0.15(0.0059)
Valve face angle 45°
Valve head thickness(margin) 1.0 (0.0039) 0.5(0.0197)

Valve spring
Free length 43 (1.6929) 41. 7(1.6417)
Installed load/Installed length 14.0 ± 0.7 kg (30.9 ± 1.5 Ibs.)/36 -15%
(1.42)
Squareness 15° 3°

2-58
 ENGINE

Description Type Standard value Repair limit Service limit

Rocker arm
Rocker arm I.D. 18.9 (0.7441)
Clearance between rocker 0.2(0.0079)
arm and shaft
Cylinder block
Camshaft hole I.D.
Front 45 (1.7716)
Center 44 (1.7323)
Rear 34 (1.3386)
Cylinder bore
K3A 65 (2.5591) +0.2 +0.95
(+0.0079) (+0.0374)
K3C 70 (2.7559) +0.2 +0.95
(+0.0079) (+0.0374)
Oversize finish tolerance o to 0,03 (0 to 0.0012)
Taper of cylinder 0.01 (0.0004) max.
Top surface flatness 0.05 (0.0020) max. 0.1 (0.0039)
( distortion)
Piston
Solid type
Material Aluminum alloy
O.D. (skirt end) K3A 65 (2.5591)
K3C 70 (2.7559)
Clearance between piston 0.3(0.0118)
an~ cylinder
Oversize 0.25 (0.0098),0.50 (0.0197)
0.75 (0.0295)
Piston pin
Semi-floating type
O.D
19 (0.7480)
Clearance between piston 0.08(0.0031)
pin and piston
Clearance between piston
pin and connecting rod
Press-fitting load:
500 to 1,500 kg
(1,102.3 to 3,306.9 lbs.)
Piston ring
Type and number of rings 3

Compression ring
No.1 Barrel type
No.2 Tapered ring
No.3 Tapered ring
Oil ring

2-59

j
ENGINE

Description Type Standard value Repair limit Service limit

Ring width
Compression ring
No •. 1 toNo. 3 2.5 (0.0984)
Oil ring 4.0 (0.1575)
Ring side clearance
Compression ring
No.1 0.06 to 0.12 (0.0024 to 0.0047) 0.3(0.0118)
No.2 0.05 to 0.09 (0.0020 to 0.0035) 0.2(0.0079)
No.3 0.04 to 0.08 (0.0016 to 0.0031) 0.2(0.0079)
Oil ring 0.03 to 0,07 (0.0012 to 0.0028) 0.2(0.0079)
Ring end gap 0.15 to 0040 (0.0059 to 0.0157) 1.5(0.0590)

Connecting rod
Forged I-beam
Bend and distortion 0.05 (0.0020) max.
Big end thrust clearance 0.1 to 0.35 (0.0039 to 0.0138) 0.5(0.0197)

Connecting rod bearing

Kelmet metal with
backing metal
Oil clearance 0.15(0.0059)
Undersize 0.25 (0.0098),0.50 (0.0197)
0.75 (0.0295)

Crankshaft
Fully
counterbalanced
Bend 0.03 (0.0012) max.
End play 0.06 to 0.3 (0.0024 to 0.0118) 0.5(0.0197)
Journal O.D. 52 (2.0472) -0.15 -0.95
(-0.0059) (-0.0374)
PinO.D. 42 (1.6535) -0.15 -0.95
-0.0059) (-0.0374)
Undersize finish dimensions
Journal
U.S.0.25 51.735 to 51.750
(2.0368 to 2.0374)
U.S. 0.50 51.485 to 51.500
(2.0270 to 2.0276)
U.S. 0.75 51.235 to 51.250
(2,0171 to 2,0177)

Crankshaft
Pin
U.S. 0.25 41.700 to 41.715
(1.6417 to 1.6423)
U.S. 0.50 41,450 to 41.465
(1.6319 to 1.6325)
U.S. 0.75 41.200 to 41.215
(1.6220 to 1.6226)

2-60