Power System Operation and Control
Experiment No: 07
Title: Reactive Power Compensation
Aim: To see the effect of midpoint reactive power compensation on voltage through static
var compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensation (STATCOM)
Theory: Static Var Compensator (SVC):
A shunt connected static var generator or absorber whose output is adjusted to
exchange capacitive or inductive current so as to maintain or control specific
parameters of the electrical power system (typically bus voltage).
This a general term for a thyristor controlled or thyristor switched reactor
and/or thyristor switched capacitor or combination. SVC is based on thyristors
without gate turn off capability. It includes separate equipment for leading and lagging
vars; thyristor controlled or switched reactor for absorbing reactive power and
thyristor switched capacitor for supplying the reactive power. SVC is considered by
some as a low cost alternative to STATCOM, although this may not be the case if the
comparison is made based on the requirement performance and not just MVA size.
The SVC consists any of the following combinations.
Line Line
L L C
C
Controlled Controlled
Thyristors Thyristors
i) FC-TCR ii) TCR-TSC
STATic Synchronous COMpeansator (STATCOM):
A static synchronous generator operated as a shunt connected static var
compensator whose capacitive or inductive output current can be controlled
independent of the ac system voltage.
STATCOM is one of the key FACTs controllers. It can be based on a voltage-
sourced converter or current source converter. From overall cost point of view, the
voltage source converters are preferred, and will be the basis for presentation of most
converter-based FACTs controller.
For, voltage source converter, its ac output voltage is controlled such that it is
just right for the required reactive current flow for any ac bus voltage. DC capacitor
voltage is automatically adjusted as required to serve as a voltage source for the
converter. STATCOM can be designed to also act as an active filter to absorb system
harmonics.
Experiment No: 07 Page 01 of 04
Power System Operation and Control
Line
Transformer
Voltage
Source Converter
Simulation
Circuit:
Experiment No: 07 Page 02 of 04
Power System Operation and Control
Procedure: 1. Open the MATLAB simulink and construct the simulation circuit as shown.
2. Open the dialog box of components and fill following information.
Three phase source G1: Three phase source G2:
Phase-to-phase rms voltage 500e3*1.078 Phase-to-phase rms 500e3*0.97
voltage
Phase angle of phase A 0 Phase angle of phase A -75
Frequency 50 Frequency 50
Internal connection Yg Internal connection Yg
Three phase short-circuit level 3000e6 Three phase short-circuit 2500e6
level
Base voltage 500e3 Base voltage 500e3
X/R ratio 8 X/R ratio 7
Distributed Transmission Lines:
Number of phases N 3
Frequency 60
Resistance per unit length (ohm/km) [0.01755 0.2758]
Inductance per unit length (H/km) [0.8737e-3 3.220e-3]
Capacitance per unit length (F/km) [13.33e-9 8.8297e-9]
Line length (km) 300
Inductive Load: Capacitive Load
Nominal Phase-to-phase 500e3 Nominal Phase-to-phase 500e3
voltage voltage
Frequency 60 Frequency 60
Active power (W) 300e6 Active power (W) 300e6
Inductive reactive power 1000e6 Inductive reactive power 0
QL(positive var) QL(positive var)
Capacitive reactive power Qc 0 Capacitive reactive power 1000e6
(negative var) Qc (negative var)
Load switch for inductive load:
Initial status of breakers Open Initial status of breakers Open
Transition time (s) [0.2 0.2+10/60] Transition time (s) [0.6 0.6+10/60]
Breaker resistance Ron 0.001 Breaker resistance Ron 0.001
Snubbers resistance Rp 1e6 Snubbers resistance Rp 1e6
Snubbers capacitance Cp inf Snubbers capacitance Cp inf
Three phase VI measurement: (bus B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6)
Voltage measurement no
Current measurement no
SVC (phasor type):
Display power data
System nominal voltage and frequency [VrmsL-L fn(Hz)] [500e3 60]
Three-phase base power Pbase (VA) 100e6
Reactive power limits [Qc(var>0) Qc(var<0)] [300e6 -300e6]
Average time delay due to thyristor valves firing Td (s) 4e-3
Display Control parameters
Mode of operation Voltage regulation
Reference voltage Vref (pu) 1.0
Drop Xs (pu/Pbase) 0.03
Voltage regulator [Kp Ki] [3 500]
STATCOM: (Phasor type)
Display power data
Experiment No: 07 Page 03 of 04
Power System Operation and Control
System nominal voltage and frequency [VrmsL-L fn(Hz)] [500e3 60]
Converter rating (VA) 300e6
Converter impedances [R L] [0.02/30 0.22]
Converter initial current [Mag Pha] [0 0]
DC link nominal voltage 40000
DC link total equivalent capacitance 50e-6/2
Display Control parameters
Mode of operation Voltage regulation
Reference voltage Vref (pu) 1.0
Maximum rate of change of reference voltage Vref (pu/s) 10
Drop (pu) 0.03
Vac regulators [Kp Ki] [5 1000]
Vdc regulator gains [Kp Ki] [0.1e-3 20e-3]
Current regulator gains [Kp Ki Kf] [0.3 10 0.22]
3. Set simulation time to 1
4. copy the powergui block form simulink and set phasor simulation with 60Hz
frequency.
5. Start simulation and open scope.
6. Observe the phasor of voltage and reactive power with both SVC and STATCOM
Conclusion:
Experiment No: 07 Page 04 of 04
