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Probability / izkf;drk
(CLASSROOM SHEET)
Terminologies Involved/ 'kkfey 'kCnkoyh ftl ?kVuk dh vklkuh ls Hkfo";ok.kh ugha dh tk ldrh
The list of the terms related to probability is og ;kn`fPNd ?kVuk gSA ,slh ?kVukvksa ds fy, çkf
as follows. eku cgqr de gksrk gSA ckfj'k ds nkSjku baæ/uq"k dk
izkf;drk ls lacaf/r 'kCnksa dh lwph bl çdkj gSA ,d ;kn`fPNd ?kVuk gSA
Experiment/ç;ksx : An activity whose outcomes Outcome/ifj.kke: This is the result of a trial.
are not known is an experiment. Every In the process of a sportsperson hitting a ball
experiment has a few favorable outcomes and towards the goal post, there are two clear

r
a few unfavorable outcomes. The historic outcomes. He may either make the goal or
experiments of Thomas Alva Edison had more miss the goal.

si
than a thousand unsuccessful attempts before ;g ,d ijh{k.k dk ifj.kke gSA fdlh f•ykM+h }kjk xsan
he could make a successful attempt to invent
the light bulb.
an by
,d xfrfof/ ftlds ifj.kke Kkr ugha gSa ç;ksx dgykrk
dks xksy iksLV dh vksj ekjus dh çfØ;k esa nks Li"V ifj
gksrs gSaA og ;k rks y{; cuk ldrk gS ;k y{; ls pwd

n
gSA çR;sd ç;ksx ds dqN vuqdwy ifj.kke vkSj dqN çfrdwyldrk gSA
Possible Outcome/laHkkfor ifj.kke
ifj.kke gksrs gSaA FkkWel vYok ,fMlu ds ,sfrgkfld ç;ksxksa : The list of all

ja
R s
the outcomes in an experiment can be referred
esa çdk'k cYc dk vkfo"dkj djus dk liQy ç;kl djus to as possible outcomes. In tossing a coin, the
ls igys ,d gtkj ls vf/d vliQy ç;kl gq, FksA
a th

possible outcomes are head or tail.

Random Experiment/;kn`fPNd ç;ksx : A random fdlh ç;ksx ds lHkh ifj.kkeksa dh lwph dks laHkkfor ifj.k
experiment is an experiment for which the set dgk tk ldrk gSA ,d flDdk mNkyus ij laHkkfor ifj.kke
of possible outcomes is known, but which
fpr ;k iV gksrs gSaA
ty a

particular outcome will occur on a particular

execution of the experiment cannot be said Equally likely Outcomes/leku :i ls laHkkfor
ifj.kke: An experiment in which each of the
di M

prior to performing the experiment. Tossing

a coin, rolling a die, and drawing a card from outcomes has an equal probability, such
a deck are all examples of random outcomes are referred to as equally likely
experiments. outcomes. In the process of rolling a six-faced
,d ;kn`fPNd ç;ksx ,d ,slk ç;ksx gS ftlds fy, laHkkfor dice, the probability of getting any number is
ifj.kkeksa dk lewg Kkr gksrk gS] ysfdu ç;ksx ds fdlh equal.
fo'ks"k fu"iknu ij dkSu lk fo'ks"k ifj.kke vk,xk] ;g ,d ç;ksx ftlesa çR;sd ifj.kke dh leku laHkkouk gksrh
ç;ksx djus ls igys ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA flDdk mNkyuk] gS] ,sls ifj.kkeksa dks leku :i ls laHkkfor ifj.kke dgk
iklk ?kqekuk vkSj Msd ls dkMZ fudkyuk lHkh ;kn`fPNd tkrk gSA Ng eq•h ikls dks ?kqekus dh çfØ;k esa dks
ç;ksxksa ds mnkgj.k gSaA la[;k çkIr gksus dh laHkkouk cjkcj gksrh gSA
Event/ ?kVuk : A trial with a clearly defined 1
P (any number) =
A

outcome is an event. For example, getting a 6

tail when tossing a coin is termed as an event. Sample Space/izfrn'kZ lef"V : It is the set of
Li"Vr% ifjHkkf"kr ifj.kke okyk dksbZ ijh{k.k ?kVuk dgykrh
outcomes of all the trials in an experiment.
gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] flDds dks mNkyus ij iV vkuk ,d On rolling a dice, the possible outcomes are
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. These outcomes make up
?kVuk dgykrh gSA
the sample space. S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Random Event/;kn`fPNd ?kVuk : An event that
;g ,d ç;ksx esa lHkh ijh{k.kksa ds ifj.kkeksa dk lewg
cannot be easily predicted is a random event.
For such events, the probability value is very ,d ikls dks ?kqekus ij] laHkkfor ifj.kke 1] 2] 3] 4] 5
less. The formation of a rainbow during the vkSj 6 gSaA ;s ifj.kke izfrn'kZ lef"V cukrs
S = gSaA
{1, 2,
rain is a random event. 3, 4, 5, 6}

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Probable Event/laHkkfor ?kVuk

: An event that can be vFkkZr~ ,d fuf'pr ;kn`fPNd ç;ksx ls mRiUu gksus o
predicted is called a probable event. We can lHkh laHkkoukvksa esa ls] vuqdwy ifj.kke dh laHkk
calculate the probability of such events. The
izkf;drk ds :i esa ekik tkrk gSA
probability of a particular child being promoted
Hence, if in an experiment there are 'n'
to the next class can be calculated, hence, we can occurrences out of which 'm' occurrences are
refer to this as a probable event. favourable to a particular event E, then the
ftl ?kVuk dh Hkfo";ok.kh dh tk ldrh gS mls laHkkfor probability of the event E, denoted by P(E); is
?kVuk dgk tkrk gSA ge ,slh ?kVukvksa dh laHkkouk dh x.kuk
defined as P(E) =
m
.
dj ldrs gSaA fdlh fo'ks"k cPps ds vxyh d{kk esa inksUur n
blfy,] ;fn fdlh ç;ksx esa 'n' ?kVuk,¡ gSa ftuesa
'm'ls
gksus dh laHkkouk dh x.kuk dh tk ldrh gS] blfy,] ge ?kVuk,¡ fdlh fo'ks"k ?kVuk
E ds vuqdwy gSa] rks ?kVuk
E
bls ,d laHkkfor ?kVuk ds :i esa lanfHkZr dj ldrs gSaA dh çkf;drk] P(E) }kjk fu:fir dh tkrh gS_ P(E) =
Impossible Event/vlaHko ?kVuk : An event that m
is not a part of the experiment, or which does n
ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
not belong to the sample space of the Also, the non-occurrence of the event E, is
outcomes of the experiment can be referred denoted by E , that is (n-m) in this case. So,

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to as an impossible event. There is no snowfall (n-m) occurrences are not favourable to the
in a temperate climatic region. Here, the
event E, and favourable to the event E .

si
snowfall can be referred to as an impossible
event because the probability of occurrence of lkFk gh] bl ekeys esa ?kVukE ds ?kfVr u gksus dks
E]
such an event is zero.
an by ;kuh (n-m) ls n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA (n-m)
,d ?kVuk tks ç;ksx dk fgLlk ugha gS] ;k tks ç;ksx ds E ds vuqdwy ugha gSa] vkSj E?kVuk
rks] ?kVuk,¡ ?kVuk
ds vuqdwy gSaA

n
ifj.kkeksa ds izfrn'kZ lef"V ls lacaf/r ugha gS] mls vlaHko
n–m
?kVuk dgk tk ldrk gSA le'khrks".k tyok;q okys {ks=k esa  P(E) 
n

ja
ciQZckjh ugha gksrh gSA ;gka ciQZckjh dks ,d vlaHko ?kVuk
R s
We can observe that, P(E) + P( E ) = 1
dgk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd ,slh ?kVuk ds ?kfVr gksus dh Note: From the above discussion, we can infer
a th

laHkkouk 'kwU; gSA that, 0  P(E)  1 in all the cases.

Complementary Events/ i w j d ? k Vu k: ,¡ If P(E) = 1, the event is called a certain event.
Complementary events occur when there are ;fn P(E) = 1 gS rks ?kVuk fuf'pr ?kVuk dgykrh gSA
just two outcomes, and one event is exactly
ty a

P(E) = 0, the event is called an impossible

opposite to another event. For an event with event.
probability P(A), its compliment is P( A ). ;fn P(E) = 0 gS rks ?kVuk vlEHko ?kVuk dgykrh gSA
di M

iwjd ?kVuk,¡ rc ?kfVr gksrh gSa tc dsoy nks ifj.kke1.gksrsIf the probability of winning a game is 0.3,
gSa] vkSj ,d ?kVuk nwljh ?kVuk ds fcYdqy foijhr gksrh gSA what is the probability of losing it?
izkf;drk P(A) okyh fdlh ?kVuk ds fy,] bldk iwjd ;fn fdlh [ksy esa thrus dh izkf;drk 0-3 gS] rks mles
P( A ) gSA gkjus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
(a) 0.9 (b) 0.7
P(A) + P( A ) = 1
In an examination, the event of success and (c) 0.8 (d) 0.6
the event of failure are complementary events. Sol: P (W) + P ( W ) = 1
fdlh ijh{kk esa liQyrk dh ?kVuk vkSj vliQyrk dh ?kVuk
0.3 + P ( W ) = 1
iwjd ?kVuk,¡ gSaA
P ( W ) = 0.7
A

P(Success) + P (Failure) = 1
2. What is the probability of a prime number, if
Probability/izkf;drk we select a number from first 20 natural
numbers?
Probability is the measure of the likelihood of ;fn ge izFke 20 izkÑfrd la[;kvksa esa ls ,d la[;k dk p;u
occurrence of an event. djrs gS] rks ml la[;k ds vHkkT; gksus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
izkf;drk fdlh ?kVuk ds ?kfVr gksus dh laHkkouk dh eki gSA 1 4
That is out of all the possibilities arising out (a) (b)
2 5
of a certain random experiment, the chances
of favourable outcome is measured in terms 2 1
(c) (d)
of probability. 5 4

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Sol: Natural numbers = 1, 2, 3 ............ 20

,d tkj esa 54 daps gSa ftuesa ls çR;sd uhyk] gjk ;k
Prime number = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 liQsn gSA tkj ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls uhys daps dks pquus d
8 2 1 4
Probability = 
20 5
çkf;drk gS] gjs daps dks pquus dh çkf;drkgSA
3 9
3. There are 3 white and 4 black balls in an urn. tkj esa fdrus liQsn daps gS\
A ball is selected randomly. What is the (a) 12 (b) 14
probability to be white – (c) 16 (d) 20

,d dy'k esa 3 liQsn vkSj 4 dkyh xsans gSA ,d xsan dks 1 B

Sol:  B = 18
;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk tkrk gSA blds liQsn gksus dh çkf;drk 3 54
D;k gS& 4 G
&  G = 24
9 54
1 1
(a) (b) Total number of white balls = 54 – (18 + 24) = 54 –
4 7
42 = 12

r
4 3 6. Find the probability that a number selected at

si
(c) (d) random from first hundred natural numbers is
7 7
a multiple of 3 or 5?

an by
Sol: Total number of balls = 3 + 4 = 7

3
çkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd igyh lkS çkÑfrd la[;kvksa esa
ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquh xbZ la[;k 3 ;k 5 dh xq.kt gS \

n
Probability =
7 53 47
(a) (b)
4.
ja
A bag contains cards which are numbered from 100 100
R s
2 to 90. A card is drawn at random from the 3
a th

bag. Find the probability that the card number (c) (d) None of these
50
is a perfect square.
,d FkSys esa dkMZ gSa ftu ij 2 ls 90 rd la[;k,¡ vafdr
Sol: Multiple of 3 =
99
= 33
3
gSA Fksys esa ls ,d dkMZ ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkyk tkrk gSA
ty a

izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd dkMZ la[;k ,d iw.kZ oxZ gSA 100

Multiple of 5 = = 20
di M

5
4 7
(a) (b) 90
45 89
Multiple of both 3 & 5 = =6
15
8 1  Total no. of probable conditions = 33 + 20 –
(c) (d)
89 10 6 = 47
Sol: Perfect square numbers between 2 and 90 47
Probability =
= 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 100

8 Concept of Factorial /Øexqf.kr dh vo/kj.kk

Probability =
89 The product of first n consecutive natural
A

numbers is called as n!
5. A jar contains 54 marbles each of which is
blue, green or white. The probability of izFken Øekxr izkÑfr la[;kvksa dk xq.kuiQy
n! dgykrk gS
selecting a blue marble at random from the jar Ex. 3! is defined as product of first three natural
numbers.
1 3! dks igys rhu izkÑfrd la[;kvksa ds mRikn ds :i esa
is , and the probability of selecting a green
3 ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
4 3!=1×2×3
marble at random is . How many white 3!=6
9
marbles does the jar contain? 1! = 1 2! = 2

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3! = 6 4! = 24 Some important Result on Permutation:

5! = 120 6! = 720 Øep; ij vk/kfjr dqN egRoiw.kZ ifj.kke
Note : 0! = 1
n n! n! n!
 Pn     n!
5! 5  4  3! (n – n)! 0! 1
Ex.  = 20
3! 3! n! n!
n
 P0   1
(n – 0)! n !
7! 7  6  5  4 !
 = 210
4! 4! n n! n(n – 1)!
 P1   n
(n – 1)! (n – 1)!
8! 8  7  6  5! 7. In how many ways can the letters of the word
Ex. 
5! 3  2  1 = 56
5!3! QUANTS be arranged (Repetition is not
allowed)?
10  9  8  7  6!
10! QUANTS 'kCn ds v{kjksa dks fdrus rjhdksa ls O;ofL
6!4!

6! 4  3  2  1 = 210 fd;k tk ldrk gS (nksgjko dh vuqefr ugha gS)\

r
(a) 720 (b) 616
7! 7 6 5 4!

si
(c) 480 (d) None of these
4!3!

4 ! 3  2  1 = 35
Sol: Number of ways = n! = 6! = 720

an by
Basics of Permutation & Combination
Øep; vkSj lap; dh ewyHkwr vo/kj.kk
8. In how many different ways can the letters of
the word 'ADITYA' be arranged?

n
'kCn ‘ADITYA’ ds v{kj vYkx&vyx fdruh rjg ls
Øec¼ fd, tk ldrs gSa\
1. Permutation Formulae ja (a) 120 (b) 360
R s
(c) 480 (d) 720
Øep; lw=k
a th

6!
 The number of permutations (arrangements) of 'n' Sol: Number of ways = = 360
2!
different things out of which 'r' things are taken at
a time and where the repetition is not allowed is: 9. In how many different ways can the letters of
ty a

the word 'BANKING' be arranged?

'n'fofHkUu oLrq v ksa ds Øep; (O;oLFkk) dh la[;k] ftuesa'r'ls
oLrq,d le; esa yh xbZ gSa vkSj tgka iqujko`fÙk dh vuqefr
% ugha gS
'kCn ‘BANKING’ ds v{kjksa dks fHkUu&fHkUu rjh
di M

fy[kk tk ldrk gS\

n n!
Pr  (a) 5040 (b) 2540
(n – r)! (c) 5080 (d) 2520
 Using the above formula, the total number of ways of
arranging n different things (taking all at a time) is n!. 7!
Sol: Number of ways = = 2520
mijksÙkQ lw=k dk mi;ksx djrs n fofHkUu
gq,] phtksa dks O;ofLFkr 2!
djus ds rjhdksa dh dqy la[;k (,d le; esa lHkh dks feykdj) 10. In how many different ways can the letters of
n! gSA the word ‘DESIGN’ be arranged so that the
Because in this case/ D;ksafd bl fLFkfr, resa
=n vowels are at the two ends?
n
 Pn 
n!

n! n!
  n! 'kCn ‘DESIGN’ ds v{kjksa dks vyx&vyx fdruh rjg
(n – n)! 0! 1 ls fy[kk tk ldrk gS fd Loj nksuksa Nksj ij gks\
Permutations Formula WITH Repetition
A

(a) 48 (b) 72
iqujko`fÙk ds lkFk Øep; lw=k (c) 36 (d) 24
When 'r' things from 'n' things have to be arranged Sol: Number of ways = 4! × 2! = 48
with repetitions then number of permutation= nr.
11. In how many different ways can the letters of
This is because each of the 'r' things can be
selected in 'n' different ways, thus givining n × n the word ‘RECTITUDE’ be arranged so that the
r
× n × .... × n (r times) = n . vowels come together?
;fn 'n' phtksa esa'r'ls phtksa dks iqujko`fÙk ds lkFk O;ofLFkr'kCn‘RECTITUDE’ ds v{kjksa dks fdrus çdkj ls iquO;ZofLF
djuk gksrk gS rks
Øep; dh la[;k = nr A ,slk blfy, gS D;ksafd fd;k tk ldrk gS rkfd lHkh Loj ,d lkFk vk,a\
çR;sd 'r' pht dks 'n' vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls pquk tk ldrk (a) 4302 (b) 7200
gS] bl çdkj n × n × .... × n ( r ckj) = nr çkIr gksrk gSA (c) 4320 (d) 4430

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Sol: Direct shortcut- tc 'kCnksa dh iqujko`fÙk dh vuqefr SMOKE

gks rks 'kCn
Number of ways that the letters of the given ds v{kjksa ls vFkZ lfgr ;k fcuk vFkZ okys fdrus r
word be arranged so that vowels come together v{kj okys 'kCn cuk, tk ldrs gSa\
= (No. of vowels)! × (No. of consonants + 1)! (a) 125 (b) 150
 4 ! 6 !  (c) 160 (d) None of these
Number of ways =   = 4320
 Sol: Number of ways = n = 53 = 125
r
 2!  2! 
Note: Number of ways that the letters of the
2. Combination Formulae
given word be arranged so that consonants lap; (la;kstu) lw=k
come together = (No. of consonants)! × (No. of Combinations are selections made by taking some
vowels + 1)! or all of a number of objects, irrespective of their
12. How many words of three letters can be arrangements. The number of combinations of n
different things taken r at a time, denoted by nCr
created using only consonants of the English
alphabet? n n!
and it is given by, Cr 
vaxszth o.kZekyk ds dsoy O;atuksa dk ,d gh ckj iz;ksx r !(n – r)! , where 0 r  n.

r
djrs gq, rhu v{kj ds fdrus 'kCn cuk;s tk ldrs gSa\ la;kstu dbZ oLrqvksa esa ls dqN ;k lHkh
pquus
dksds rjhdks dh

si
(a) 7980 (b) 15600 la[;k gS] pkgs mud
k Øe dqN Hkh gksA
n fofHkUu phtksa ds la;kstu
(c) 6000 (d) None of these esa ls,d le; esa r phtsa ysus ls dqy l;ksatuksa dh nla[;k
Cr

Sol: Number of ways = 21

an by 21!
P3= (21 – 3)! n n!
}kjk fu:fir dh tkrh gS] vkSj bls C r  r !(n – r)! }kjkiznf'kZr

n
21 20  19  18!
= = 7980 fd;k tkrk gS] tgka0 r  n gSA
18!

ja Note: nCr formulae ls Direct value fy[kus ds fy,

R s
13. If there are 10 pairs of socks and you choose 2
pairs out of them, then Nr esan dksr- times ?kVrs Øe esa xq.kk djdsa fy[ks rF
a th

(i) Number of permutation, If repetition is not allowed Dr esar dks 1 rd ?kVrs Øe esa xq.kk djds fy[ksA
Øep; dh la[;k] ;fn iqujko`fÙk dh vuqefr u gks
(ii) Number of permutation, If repetition is allowed 5 4
For Example 5C2 =  10
Øep; dh la[;k] ;fn iqujko`fÙk dh vuqefr gks 2 1
ty a

10 10! 10! 10  9  8! 6 5 4  3

Sol: (i) P2    = 90 ways Another example = 6C4 =  15
(10 – 2)! 8! 8!
di M

4  3  2 1
(ii) If we have repetitions, we always have n Some Important result on Combinations
arrangements every time. We have 102 ways =
100 ways. la;kstu ij vk/kfjr dqN egRoiw.kZ ifj.kke
;fn gekjs ikl nksgjko gS] rks gekjs ikl gj ckj
n O;oLFkk,¡ The number of ways of selecting n objects out
gksrh gSaA gekjs 2ikl
rjhds
10 ¾ 100 rjhds gSaA of n objects is:
14. How many 3 letter words with or without n oLrqvksa esa
n oLrqvksa
ls dks pquus ds rjhdksa dh la[;k
meaning can be formed out of the letters of
the word SWING when repetition of letters is n n! n!
Cn   1
not allowed? n !(n – n)! n ! 0!
tc v{kjksa dh iqujko`fÙk dh vuqefr ughaSWING
gS rks  The number of ways of selecting 0 objects out
'kCn ds v{kjksa ls vFkZ lfgr ;k fcuk vFkZ okys fdrus rhu of n objects is:
A

v{kj okys 'kCn cuk, tk ldrs gSa\ n oLrqvksa esa ls 0 oLrqvksa dks pquus ds rjhdksa dh l
(a) 60 (b) 72
n n! n!
(c) 90 (d) None of these C0   1
0!(n – 0)! 0! n !
5!
Sol: Number of ways = 5P3 = (5 – 3)! = 60  The number of ways of selecting 1 object out
of n objects is:
15. How many 3 letter words with or without n oLrqvksa esa ls 1 oLrqvksa dks pquus ds rjhdksa dh l
meaning can be formed out of the letters of
n n! n  (n – 1)!
the word SMOKE when repetition of words is C1   n
1!(n – 1)! (n – 1)!
allowed?

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16. Amit has 5 blue, 4 red and 3 green socks in

his cupboard. Out of this he has to choose 4 Questions Based on Coins
socks. In how many ways can he do this?
flDdksa ij vk/kfjr iz'u
vfer dh vyekjh esa 5 uhys] 4 yky vkSj 3 gjs eksts gSaA

blesa ls mls 4 eksts pquus gSaA og fdrus izdkj ls ,slk dj When an unbiased coin is tossed once:
ldrk gSa\ tc fdlh ,d flDds dks ,d ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks%
(a) 245 (b) 120 Possible outcomes are/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke
(c) 495 (d) 60 2n = 2 1 = 1
Sample space  Head and Tails
12!
Sol: Number of ways = 12
C4 = 4 !(12 – 4)!  When two unbiased coins are tossed
simultaneously.
12  11  10  9 tc nks flDds dks ,d ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gS rks%
=
4  3  2 1
= 495 Possible outcomes are/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke
2² = 4
17. A school team has eight volleyball players. A
five member team will be selected out of these Sample space = {(H,H) (H,T) (TH) (TT)}

r
eight players. How many different selections  When three unbaised coins are tossed
can be made? simultaneously.

si
,d Ldwy dh Vhe esa vkB okWyhcky f[kykM+h gSaA butcvkB rhu flDds dks ,d ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gS rks%
Possible outcomes are/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke
f[kykfM+;ksa esa ls ikap lnL;h; Vhe pquh tk,xhA fdrus
an by
vyx&vyx pquko fd, tk ldrs gSa\ 2³ = 8
Sample Space = {(HHH) (HHT) (HTH) (THH)

n
(a) 224
(HTT) (THT) (TTH) (TTT)}
(b) 112  When n coins are tossed or single coin tossed
(c) 56
ja
R s
n times:-
(d) None of these tc n flDds dks ,d ,d lkFk vFkok ,d flDds dks n
a th

8× 7 × 6 × 5! ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks%

Sol: Number of ways = 8C5 = = 56 Possible outcomes/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke
= 2n
5! 3  2  1
18. A group of 3 lawn tennis players S, T, U. A 20. Two unbiased coins are tossed up
ty a

team consisting of 2 players is to be formed. simultaneously. Find the probability of getting

In how many ways can we do so? nks fu"i{k flDdksa dks ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gSA fuEu if
3 ykWu Vsful f•ykfM+;ksaS, T, U dk ,d lewgA 2 izkIr djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
di M

f•ykfM+;ksa dh ,d Vhe cukbZ tkuh gSA ge ,slk fdrus (i) Two tails/nks iV
rjhdksa ls dj ldrs gSa\ (ii) One head/,d fpr
(a) 3 (iii)At least one tail/de ls de ,d iV
(b) 4 (iv) At most one tail/vf/d ls vf/d ,d iV
(c) 5 (v) No tail/dksbZ iV ugha
(d) 6
Sol: Sample space = {(H,H) (H,T) (TH) (TT)}
3 × 2!
Sol: Number of ways = 3C2 = 2! 1 = 3 1
(i) P(two tails ) =
4
19. In how many ways can a group of 5 men and
2 women be made out of total of 7 men and 3 2 1
A

women? (ii) P(one head) = =

4 2
dqy 7 iq:"kksa vkSj 3 efgykvksa esa ls fdruh rjg ls 5
3
iq:"k vkSj 2 efgykvksa dk lewg cuk;k tk ldrk gS\ (iii)P(at least one tail) =
4
(a) 63
(b) 45 3
(iv) P(at most one tail) =
(c) 126 4
(d) 90
1
7 × 6 × 5! 3  2 ! (v) P(no tail) =
Sol: Number of ways = 7C5 × 3C2 = 5! 2  1 × = 63 4
2! 1

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21. If two coins are tossed aimultaneously, what 25. A coin is tossed 5 times, what is a probability
is the probaility that one coin will get head of getting exactly 2 heads?
and the other coin will get tail? ,d flDds dks 5 ckj mNkyk tkrk gS] Bhd 2 fpr vkus
;fn nks flDdksa dks ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gS] rks bldh dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
D;k izkf;drk gS fd ,d flDds ij gsM vk,xk vkSj nwljs 8 6
(a) (b)
flDds ij Vsy vk,xk\ 20 45
1 1 5 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 16 51
2 3 Sol: Total cases = 25 = 32
(c) (d)
3 4 5!
Sol: Sample space = (HT, TH, TT, HH) No. of favourable cases = 5C2 = 2!  3!
2 1 5.4.3!
Probability = =
4 2 = 2!  3! = 10
22. Three unbiased coins are tossed up together.
Find the probability of getting. 10 5

r
rhu vufHkur flDdksa dks ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gSA Probability = 
32 16
fuEu ifj.kke djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A

si
26. A coin is tossed 8 times, what is a probability
(i) all heads/lHkh fpr of getting exactly 6 tails?
,d flDds dks 8 ckj mNkyk tkrk gS] Bhd 6 iV vkus
an by
(ii) at least one tail/de ls de ,d iV
(iii)exactly 2 heads/fcYdqy nks fpr
dh izkf;drk D;k gS\

n
7 7
Sol: Sample Space (a) (b)
= {(HHH) (HHT) (HTH) (THH) (HTT)(THT) (TTH) 20 12
(TTT)}
ja 7 7
R s
(c) (d)
1 13 64
(i) P(all heads) = Sol: Total cases = 28 = 256
a th

8
7 8!
(ii) P(at least one tail) = No. of favorable cases = 8C6 = 2!  6!
8
3
ty a

8.7.6!
(ii) P(exactly 2 heads) = = 2!  6! = 28
8
23. Three coins are tossed, what is the probability
di M

that neither 3 heads nor 3 tails are obtained? 28 7

Probability = 
rhu flDds mNkys tkrs gS] rks bl ckr dh izkf;drk fdruh 256 64
27. A coin is tossed 9 times. Find the probability
gSa fd u rks 3 gsM vkSj u gh 3 Vsy izkIr gksa\ of atmost 2 tails.
(a)
1
(b)
1 ,d flDdk 9 ckj mNkyk tkrk gS] vf/dre 2 iV vkus
2 3 dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,&
2 3 23 25
(c) (d) (a) (b)
3 4 250 256
6 3 23 27
Sol: Probability = = (c) (d)
8 4 256 250
24. Four coins are tossed simultaneously, what is Sol: Total cases = 29 = 512
the probability that at least three coins get
A

9!
heads or tails? 0 tail  9C0 = 9!  0 ! =1
pkj flDdksa dks ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gSa fd bldh D;k
izkf;drk gSa fd de ls de rhu flDds ij gsM ;k Vsy vk,\ 9!
1 tail  9C1 = 8!  1! = 9
5 5
(a) (b) 9!
8 11 2 tail  9C2 = 7!  2! = 36
7 1
(c) (d)  Total no. of favourable cases = 1 + 9 + 36 = 46
64 8
10 5 46 23
Sol: Probability = = Probability = =
16 8 512 256

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28. A coin is tossed 7 times. Find the probability Sol: Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = 6
of atleast 2 tails. (i) Prime number = 2, 3, 5
,d flDdk 7 ckj mNkyk tkrk gSA de ls de 2 iV vkus 3 1
dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,& Probability = 
6 2
14 16 (ii) Multiple of 2 or 3 = 2, 4, 6
(a) (b)
15 54 4 2
Probability = 
6 3
18 15
(c) (d) (iii)Numbers greater than 4 = 5, 6
11 16
2 1
Sol: Probability = 
Total cases = 27 = 128 6 3
0T  7C0 = 1 30. A dice is thrown, find the probability of:
1T  7C1 = 7 ,d ikls dks iQsadk tkrk gS] fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus dh
2T  izkf;drk Kkr dhft,%
3T  (i) Getting an even number/le la[;k

r
4T  (ii) Getting an odd number/fo"ke la[;k

si
5T 
(iii)Getting a natural number less than 7
6T 
7 ls NksVh izkÑfrd la[;k
7T 
an by
Favourable cases = 128 – (1 + 7) = 120 (iv) Getting a natural number greater than 6
6 ls cM+h izkÑfrd la[;k

n
120 15
Probability =  Sol: Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = 6
128 16
(i) Number of favourable outcomes = 3

ja
Questions Based on Dice
R s
3 1
 P(E1) = 
iklsa ij vk/kfjr iz'u 6 2
a th

 When a dice is thrown once/tc fdlh ikls dks ,d 1 1

(ii) P(E2) = P( E 1) = 1 – = or else, we can say
ckj iQasdk tkrk: gS 2 2
P(E2)
ty a

Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = 6

3 1
29. A dice is thrown, find the probability of: = 
di M

6 2
,d iklk dks iQsadk tkrk gS] fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus dh (iii)Here, number of favourable outcomes = 6
izkf;drk Kkr dhft,%  P(E) = 1  This is called a certain event as
(i) a prime number/,d vHkkT; la[;k there is no chance of failure.
(iv) Here number of favourable outcomes = 0
1 1  P(E) = 0  This is called impossible event,
(a) (b) i.e.,
3 2
there is no chance of success.
2 1  When two dices are thrown simultaneously.
(c) (d)
3 4 tc nks ikls ,d lkFk iQsads tkrs gSaA
(ii) a multiple of 2 or 3 /2 ;k 3 dk xq.kd Total number of possible cases = 6² = 36
3 2 Sample space:-
A

(a) (b)
4 3 First throw
4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
(c) (d)
5 8 1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(iii)a number greater than 4/4 ls cM+h la[;k 2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
1 2 Second 3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(a) (b) throw
5 3 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
5 1 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(c) (d)
8 3 6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)

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Note: tc dHkh Hkh nks Dice dks mNkyus ds ckn izkIr (ii) Atleast a sum of 9/izkIr ;ksxiQy de ls de 9 gks
la[;kvksa ds
Sum dh Probability iwNh tk;s rks è;ku j[ksa]
3 8
;ksx esa ls 1 de djsa vkSj
Total No. of cases (36) ls (a) (b)
24 20
Divide djsa rFkk ;fnsum dh value 6 ls vf/d gks rks
sum dks 13 esa ls ?kVk dj 36Divide
ls djsaA 5 6
(c) (d)
18 20
Sum Cases No. of cases Probability

(1,1)
1 (iii) A doublet i.e, same number on both the
2 1
36
dice/nksuksa iklksa ij ,d gh uacj
2
3 (1,2), (2,1) 2
36
3
1 1
4 (1,3), (2,3), (3,1) 3 (a) (b)
36 8 9
(1,4), (2,3), 4
5 (3,2), (4,1) 4
36
1 1
6
(1,5) (2,4), (3,3),
5
5 (c) (d)
(4,2), (5,1) 36 2 6
(1,6), (2,6), (3,4), 6
7 6 (iv) A multiple of 2 on one dice and a multiple

r
(4,3), (5,2), (1,1) 36
(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), 5 of 3 on the other dice/,d ikls ij 2 dk xq.kt
8 5

si
(5,3), (6,3) 36 vkSj nwljs ikls ij 3 xq.kt
(3,6), (4,5), 4
9 4

10
(5,4), (6,3)

(4,6), (5,5), (6,4) an by 3

36
3
36
(a)
15
40
(b)
11
50

n
11 (5,6), (6,5) 2 2
36 11 15
(c) (d)
12 (6,6)

ja 1
1 36 63
R s
36
Sol: Total number of possible cases = 6² = 36
Total 36
a th

(i) Sum = 8
31. A dice is thrown twice, what is the probability
of getting a sum of 7 when thrown twice? (13 – 8) 5
Probability = 
36 36
,d iklk nks ckj iQsadk tkrk gSa nks ckj iQsad tkus ls 7 dk
ty a

(ii) Alteast a sum of 9 means sum can be 9, 10,

;ksx vkus dh laHkkouk fdruh gS\ 11 or 12.
di M

5 1 Favourable cases for 9 as sum = 13 – 9 = 4

(a) (b) Favourable cases for 10 as sum = 13 – 10
18 18
=3
1 1 Favourable cases for 11 as sum = 13 – 11
(c) (d) =2
9 6
Favourable cases for 12 as sum = 13 – 12
Sol: Sum = 7 =1

(13 – 7) 1 (4  3  2  1) 10 5
Probability =  Probability =  
36 6 36 36 18
A

32. Two Dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the (iii) Favourable cases = (1,1) (2,2) (3,3) (4,4) (5,5)
probability of (6,6) = 6

nks ikls ,d lkFk iQsads tkrs gSaA izkf;drk Kkr dhft,& 6 1

Probability = 
36 6
(i) Sum as 8/;ksx 8 gks
(iv) Favourable cases = (2, 3) (2, 6) (4, 3) (4, 6)
5 5 (6, 3) (6, 6) (3, 2) (3, 4) (3, 6) (6, 2) (6, 4)
(a) (b)
36 18 (6, 6) = 11

1 11 11
(c) (d) Probability =
6 36 36

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33. Two Dice are thrown Simultaneously. Find the 35. Two fair dice are thrown. Find the probability
probability that the number on the first dice of getting a number whose sum is divisible by
is more than the number on the 2nd dice? 2 and 4 ?
nks ikls ,d lkFk isaQds tkrs gSaA igys ikls ij la[;k nwljsnks fu"i{k ikls iQsads tkrs gSaA og la[;k ftldk le 2 vk
ikls ij la[;k ls vf/d gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A 4 ls foHkkT; gks] rks ,slh la[;k vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr djs
1 7 1 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
2 12 3 4
5 5
(c) (d) 3 5
12 6 (c) (d)
4 7
Sol: No. of favourable cases
Sol: Sum is divisible by 2 and 4 means, sum can
(2, 1) be 4, 8, 12.
(3, 1) (3, 2)
Favourable cases = (1 + 3, 3 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 6,

r
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) 6 + 2, 3 + 5, 5 + 3, 4 + 4, 6 + 6) = 9 cases

si
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4)
9 1
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) = 15 Probability = =
36

Probability =
15

5 an by 4

Questions Based on Playing Cards

n
36 12

Note: Total cases = 36

rk'k ds iÙkksa ij vk/kfjr iz'u
ja Playing Cards/rk'k ds iÙks
R s
6 ,sls case gksxsa ftlesa nksuksa ikls ij leku la[;k
(Doublet) izkIr gksxhA 'ks"k 30 esa ls 15 ,slscase 52
a th

case
gksxsa ftuesa igyh la[;k cM+h gkxh rFkk
case 15
,sls gksxsa
ftlesa nwljh la[;k cM+h gksxhA bl izdkj fcuk lkjs
cases
fy[ks gq, ghNumber of favourable cases izkIr dj
ty a

ldrs gSA 13 – Cards 13 – Cards 13 – Cards 13 – Cards

di M

34. Two fair dice are thrown. Find the probability Diamonds He arts Spade s Clubs
of getting a number whose sum is divisible by (RED) (RED) (BLACK) (RED)
2 or 4?
♦
nks fu"i{k ikls iQsads tkrs gSaA og la[;k ftldk ;ksx 2 ;k 4 Ac e - 1
♠ ♣
Ac e - 1 Ac e - 1 Ac e - 1
ls foHkkT; gks] rks ,slh la[;k vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr djsa\
2 2 2 2
1 3 3 3 3 3
(a) (b)
2 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
1 2
(c) (d) 6 6 6 6
3 3
A

7 7 7 7
Sol: Sum is divisible by 2 or 4 means, sum can be
8 8 8 8
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
9 9 9 9
Favourable cases = (1 + 1, 1 + 3, 3 + 1, 2 + 2,
1+ 5, 5 + 1, 2 + 4, 4 + 2, 3 + 3, 2 + 6, 6 + 2, 3 10 10 10 10
+ 5, 5 + 3, 4 + 4, 5 + 5, 6 + 4, 4 + 6, 6 + 6) Fac e Cards
= 18 cases King King King King

18 1 Que e n Que e n Que e n Que e n

Probability = = Jac k Jac k Jac k Jac k
36 2

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36. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. 37. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards.
What is the probability that the card drawn is. What is the probability that the card drawn is?
52 iÙkksa dh ,d xM~Mh eas ls ,d iÙkk fudkyk tkrk gSaA
52 iÙkksa dh ,d xM~Mh esa ls ,d iÙkk fudkyk tkrk
dkMZ ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus dh izkf;drk D;k gSA dkMZ ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
(i) An ace/,d bDdk
(i) a jack, queen or a king/,d tsd] jkuh ;k jktk
4 2
(a) (b)
15 26 5 8
(a) (b)
1 5 15 11
(c) (d)
13 18
9 3
(ii) “10” of a Red suit/yky jax dk 10 (c) (d)
18 13
5 1
(a)
28
(b)
26 (ii) Neither a heart nor a king/uk rks yky iku gS
uk gh jktk
3 2

r
(c) (d) 9 8
30 25
(a) (b)
18 10

si
(iii)A face card/,d iQsl dkMZ

(a)
5
15 an by
(b)
4
14
(c)
5
12
(d)
9
13

n
3 6 (iii) Other than ace/bDdk ds vykok
(c) (d)
13 16
ja 13 12
R s
(iv) Either red or king/;k rks yky ;k rks jktk (a)
12
(b)
13
a th

9 7
(a) (b) 15 14
11 13 (c) (d)
14 15
4 5 (iv) Red king/yky ckn'kkg
ty a

(c) (d)
5 12
(v) Black and a queen/dkyk vkSj ,d jkuh 2 1
di M

(a) (b)
13 26
1 5
(a) (b)
30 40 1 4
(c) (d)
52 13
8 1
(c) (d)
55 26 Sol: No. of possible cases/laHkkfor ifj.kkeksa dh la[;k
= 52
Sol: No. of possible cases/laHkkfor ifj.kkeksa dh la[;k
=
(4  4  4) 3
52 (i) 
52 13
4 1
(i)  (ii) Heart = 13 & King = 4
52 13
A

Heart or King = 13 + 4 – 1 = 16
2 1
(ii)  (52 – 16) 9
52 26 Probability = 
52 13
12 3
(iii) 
52 13 48 12
(iii)Probability = 
(26  4 – 2) 28 7 52 13
(iv)  
28 52 13
2 1
2 1 (iv) Probability = =
(v)  52 26
52 26

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38. Jacks, Queens, Kings and Aces of red color are 52 iÙkksa esa ls rhu iÙks ;kn`fPNd vk/kj ij [khaps tk
removed. From the remaining cards a card is bu iÙkksa ds ,d jktk] ,d jkuh vkSj ,d xqyke gksus dh
drawn at random. Find the probability, that
izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
the card drawn is a black queen?
yky jax ds xqyke] csxe] ckn'kkg vkSj bDdk gVk fn, (a) 16 (b)
1
133
tkrs gSaA 'ks"k iÙkksa esa ls ,d iÙkk ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkyk 5525
x;k dkyh csxe dh izkf;drk gS\ 1 1
(c) (d)
14 3
153
1 1
(a) (b) 4
C1  4 C1  4 C1 16
20 15 =
Sol: Probability = 52
C3 5525
1 1 42. Find the probability that when a hand of 3
(c) (d)
22 30 cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck.
What is the probability that it has:
Sol: Remaining Cards = 52 – 8 = 44 cards
bl ckr dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd tc ,d vPNh rjg

r
ls iQsVh xbZ rk'k dh xM~Mh ls 3 iÙkksa dks fudkyk
bldh D;k izkf;drk gS fd%

si
2 1
Probability = 
44 22 (i) all faces cards/lHkh iQSl dkMZ
39.
an by
A bag contains 13 white and 7 black balls. Two
balls are drawn at random. Waht is the (a)
12
1115
(b)
11
1105

n
probability that they are of this same colour?
,d cSax eas 13 liQsn vkSj 7 dkys xasan gSaA ;kn`fPNd (c)
:i 15 18

ja
ls nks xsan fudkys tkrs gSaA budsa ,d gh jax ds gkus dh 1120
(d)
1122
R s
laHkkouk D;k gSa\ (ii) atleast one king/de ls de ,d jktk
a th

41 21 1201 1300
(a) (b) (a) (b)
190 190 5525 5225
ty a

1400 1155
59 99 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 1515 1122
159 190
di M

13 12.11.10
C 2  7 C 2 78  21 99 C3 12
Sol: Probability = = = 3.2.1  11
20
C2 190 190 Sol: (i) Probability = 52 
C 3 52.51.50 1105
40. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 3.2.1
cards. then find the subsequent probability (ii) P(atleast one king) = 1 – P(No king)
that this card is a king or a queen? 48
C3 48.47.46
52 iÙkksa dh ,d xM~Mh esa ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls ,d iÙkk =1– 52 =1–
C3 52.51.50
fudkyk tkrk gSa rks bl ckn dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd
;g iÙkk ,d jktk ;k jkuh gSa\ 4324 1201
=1– 
5525 5525
3 2
A

(a) (b) 43. A person draws 3 cards from a pack of 52

13 13
cards. Find the probability of getting exactly
7 1 two red cards?
(c)
52
(d)
69 ,d O;fDr 52 iÙkksa dh ,d xM~Mh esa ls 3 iÙks fudk
4
gSA Bhd nks yky iÙks vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,\
C1  4 C1 4  4 2
Sol: Probability = 52
= = 15 18
C1 52 13 (a) (b)
34 30
41. Three cards are drawn at random from 52
cards. Find the probability of these cards being 20 13
(c) (d)
a king, a queen and jack. 14 34

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26  25 3  8 11
26 26  26 Sol: Probability = 
C2  C1 2 1 13 21 21
Sol: Probability = 52
 = 46. A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. 2
C3 52  51  50 34
3  2 1 balls are drawn at random. Find the probability
that they are of same color.
44. A person draws 3 cards from a pack of 52 cards ,d FkSys esa 6 liQsn vkSj 4 dkyh xsans gSaA 2 x
(with replacement). Find the probability of ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkyk tkrk gSA izkf;drk Kkr dhft,
getting : fd os ,d jax ds gSaA
,d O;fDr 52 iÙkksa (izfrLFkkiu ds lkFk) dh ,d rk'k 1 7
(a) (b)
dh xM~Mh ls 3 dkMZ [khaprk gSA fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus 2 15
dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,% 8 1
(c) (d)
15 9
(i) all three red cards/rhuksa yky dkMZ
6 5 1
Sol: P(Both white) =  
1 2 10 9 3
(a) (b)

r
10 7 4 3 2
P(Both black) =  
10 9 15

si
1 2 1 2 7
(c) (d) P(Same colour) =  
8 3
an by
(ii) that none of the cards is an ace 47.
3 15 15
There are 2 bags. First Bag contains 3 Red &

n
4 Blue balls and the second bag contains 5 Red
dksbZ Hkh iÙkk bDdk ugha gS & 2 Blue balls. One ball is picked from each
of the bags. Find the probability that both balls
1728
ja 1755
R s
(a) (b) are of :
2197 1457 2 cSx gSaA igys cSx esa 3 yky vkSj 4 uhyh xsansa gSa
a th

cSx esa 5 yky vkSj 2 uhyh xsansa gSaA çR;sd cSx ls

2174 4185
(c) (d) fudkyh tkrh gSA çkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd nksuksa xsansa gS
4546 5246
(i) Same color/leku jax
ty a

26 26 26 1 25 49
Sol: (i) Probability =    (a) (b)
52 52 52 8 50 54
di M

23 55
48 48 48 1728 (c) (d)
49 45
(ii) Probability =   
52 52 52 2197 (ii) different color/vyx jax

Questions Based on Ball/Marbles (a)

28
(b)
49
26 55
xsan@daps ij ij vk/kfjr iz'u
26 26
45. A glass jar contains 6 white, 8 black, 4 red (c) (d)
and 3 blue marbles. If a single marble is chosen 88 49
at random from the jar, what is the probability Sol: (i) I II
that it is black or blue? 3R, 4B 5R, 2B.
,d dkap ds ik=k esa 6 lÝQsn] 8 dkys ] 4 yky vkSj 3 3 5 15
A

P (Both red) =  
uhys daps gSaA ;fn ik=k esa ls ,d dapk ;kn`fPNd :i 7 7 49
ls pquk tkrk gS] rks blds dkys ;k uhys jax gksus dh 4 2 8
D;k izkf;drk gS\ & P (Both black) =  
7 7 49
SSC CGL TIER - II 02/03/2023
15 8 23
8 11 P(Same colour) =  =
49 49 49
(a) (b)
21 21 (ii) P(different colour)=1 – P(Same colour) =1–
5 1 23 26
(c) (d) =
21 7 49 49

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48. A bag contains 6 red balls, 5 yellow balls and

5 3
3 pink balls. Two balls are drawn at random. (a) (b)
What is the probaibility that none of the balls 68 68
are red? 7 9
(c) (d)
,d FkSys esa 6 yky xsansa] 5 ihyh xsans ,oa 3 xqykch xsans gSA
68 68
nks xsans ;kn`fPNd fudkyh tkrh gSaA fdlh Hkh xsans ds yky 6
C 2  4 C1 5
jax ds ugha gkus dh D;k izkf;drk gSa\ Sol: Probability = 18 =
C3 68
8 4 52. A bag contains 4 white, 4 red and 2 green balls.
(a) (b) Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
13 13
probability that at least one balls is green?
6 5 ,d FkSys esa 4 'osr] 4 yky ,oa 2 gjh xsansa gSA nks x
(c) (d)
13 13 ;kn`fPNd fudkyk tkrk gSA de ls de ,d xsan ds gjh
8
jax ds gkus dh D;k izkf;drk gSa\
C2 4
Sol: Probability = = 16 12

r
14
C 2 13 (a) (b)
45 45

si
49. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls.
Two balls are drawn at random. What is the 21 17
(c) (d)

blue? an by
probability that none of the balls drawn is 35
8
C2
45

28 17

n
Sol: Probability = 1 – 1–
,d FkSys esa 2 yky] 3 gjh vkSj 2 uhyh xsansa gSaA nks xsanksa 10
C2

45 45
dks vfu;fer :i ls fudkyk tkrk gSA bldh D;k izkf;drk 53. A bag contains 3 red, 6 white and 7 black balls.
ja
gS fd fudkyh xbZ dksbZ Hkh xsan uhyh ugha gS\
R s
Three balls are drawn at random, then find the
probability that all the three balls are black?
a th

5
C
Sol: Probability = 7 2 
5.4 10
 ,d cSax esa 3 yky] 6 liQsn vksj 7 dkyh xsansa gSA rh
C 2 7.6 21 ;kn`fPNr vk/kj ij fudkyh tkrh gS rks bl ckj dh izkf;drk
50. A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 yellow balls and Kkr dhft, fd rhuksa xsansa dkyh gSa\
ty a

7 pink balls. If 1 ball is drawn at random from 1 7

the bag, what is the Probability that it is pink (a) (b)
8 40
di M

or red in colour?
,d FkSays esa 3 yky xsans] 5 ihyh xsansa ,oa 7 xykch xsans 1 13
(c) gSaA (d)
16 40
;fn FkSys ls 1 xsan ;kn`fPNd fudkyh tkrh gks] rks blds
xqykch ;k yky jax ds gksus dh D;k izkf;drk gS\ 7
C 1
Sol: Probability = 16 3 =
C 3 16
1 2
(a) (b) 54. A basket contains three blue and four red balls.
3 3
If three balls are drawn at random from the
basket, what is the probability that all three
1
(c) (d) None of these are either blue or red?
4
,d Vksdjh esa rhu uhyh vkSj pkj yky xsan gSaA ;fn csrj
<ax ls Vksdjh ls rhu xsansa fudkyh tk,] rks rhuksa ds
A

7
C1  3 C1 10 2
Sol: Probability = =
15
C1

15 3 uhys ;k yky gksus dh fdruh laHkkouk gSa\
51. A bag contains 6 red balls, 4 green balls and 8 1
(a) 1 (b)
yellow balls. Three balls are drawn at random 7
from the bag. What is the probability that two 3
3
balls are red and one ball is green? (c) (d)
14 28
,d FkSys esa 6 yky xsansa] 4 gjh xsanas vkSj 8 ihyh xsana gSaA
FkSys ls ;kn`fPNd rhu xsansa fudkyh tkrh gSA D;kSol:
izkf;drk
3
C3  4 C 3 1
Probability = =
gSa fd nks xsansa yky ,oa ,d xsan gjh gksxh\
7
C3 7

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55. A box contains 5 green , 4 yellow and 3 white

1 1
marbles. Three marbles are drawn at random. (a) (b)
What is the probability that they are of the 12 4
same color ? 11 1
(c) (d)
,d ckWDl esa 5 gjsa] 4 ihys vkSj 3 liQsn daps gSaA rhu 12 2
daps ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkys tkrs gSaA D;k laHkkoukSol:
gS fdProbability that atleast one of them clears the
os ,d gh jax ds gSa \ exam
=1 – P(No body clears)
41 52
(a) (b) 1 1 1 11
40 55 =1– . 1– 
3 4 12 12
3 3 58. A problem is given to three students whose
(c) (d)
55 44
1 11
5
C 3  4 C3  3 C3 10  4  1 15 chances of solving it are , and
3 2 34
Sol: Probability = 12
C3

220

220
=
44
respectively. What is the probability that the

r
Miscellaneous Questions problem will be solved?
rhu Nk=kksa dks ,d leL;k nh tkrh gS ftlds gy djus dh

si
fofo/ iz'u 1 1 1
laHkkouk Øe'k%, vkSj gSA D;k laHkkouk gS f
56.
an by
A basket contains 10 apples and 20 oranges
out of which 3 apples and 5 oranges are
2 3
leL;k gy gks tk,xh\
4

n
defective. If we choose two fruits at random,
what is the probability that either both are 1 1
(a)
oranges or both are non defective?
ja 4
(b)
2
R s
,d Vksdjh esa 10 lsc vkSj 20 larjs gSa ftuesa ls 3 lsc
7
vkSj 5 larjs •jkc gSaA ;fn ge nks iQyksa dks ;kn`fPNd :i (c) 3
a th

(d)
4 12
ls pqurs gSa] rks bldh D;k çkf;drk gS fd ;k rks nksuksa
Sol: P(Solved) = 1 – P(Not Solved)
larjs gSa ;k nksuksa nks"kiw.kZ ugha gS\
1 2 3 1 3
ty a

136 17 = 1–   = 1– 
2 3 4 4 4
(a) (b)
345 87
di M

59. The probability that three students A, B and

316 158 3 5 1
(c) (d) C solve a problem are , and
435 435 7 9 5
Sol: respectively. What is the probability that the
A O
problem is solved?
D 3 5 rhu Nk=kksa
A, B vkSjC }kjk ,d leL;k dks gy djus dh
N 7 15
3 5 1
izkf;drk Øe'k% , vkSj5 gSA leL;k ds gy gksus dh
20 22 15
C 2  C2 – C 2 190  231 – 105 316 7 9
 
30
C2 435 435 izkf;drk D;k gksxh\
SSC CGL TIER- II 06/03/2023
57. The probability of A and B clearing an exam
A

2 3 64 32
is and respectively. What is the (a) (b)
3 4 315 315
probability that atleast one of them clears the
exam ? 251 155
(c) (d)
fdlh ijh{kk easA vkSj B ds mÙkh.kZ gksus dh izkf;drk 315 315
Sol: P(solved) = 1 – P (Note solved)
2 3
Øe'k% vkSj gSA muesa ls de ls de ,d ds ijh{kk 4 4 4 64 251
3 4
=1– . . =1– 
mÙkh.kZ djus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\ 7 9 5 315 315

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60. A man and his wife appear in an interview for A, 75» ekeyksa esa lp cksyrk gS B,
vkSj
80» ekeyksa esa
two vacancies in the same post. The lp cksyrk gSA bldh D;k izkf;drk gS fd os ,d gh ?kVuk
1  dk o.kZu djrs gq, ,d&nwljs dk [kaMu djsaxsA
  and
probability of husband’s selection is 
7  3 7
(a) (b)
10 20
1 
the probability of wife’s selection is   . What 9 1
5 (c) (d)
20 2
is the probability that only one of them is 3 1 1 4 7
selected ? Sol: Probability =    
4 5 4 5 20
,d vkneh vkSj mldh iRuh ,d gh in ij nks fjfÙkQ;ksa 63.
ds A speaks the truth in 60% cases while B
speaks the truth in 40% of the cases. What is
fy, lk{kRdkj esa 'kkfey gksrs gSaA ifr ds p;u dh çkf;drk the probability that they will contradict each
1  1  other in a case ?
  rFkk iRuh ds p;u dh çkf;drk   gSA muesa ls A 60» ekeyksa esa lp cksyrk gS BvkSj
40» ekeyksa esa
7  5
lp cksyrk gSA bldh D;k izkf;drk gS fd os ,d ekeys esa
dsoy ,d ds pqus tkus dh çkf;drk D;k gS \
,d nwljs dk [kaMu djsaxsA

r
16 13

si
2 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
7 7 25 25

(c)
3 an by
(d)
4 (c) 1 (d)
12
25

n
4 5 3 3 2 2 13
Sol: Probability =    
5 5 5 5 25
1 4 6 1 10 2
Sol: Probability =    =
ja 64. A speaks the truth 5 out of 7 times and B
R s
7 5 7 5 35 7 speaks truth 8 out of 9 times. What is the
probability that they contradict each other in
61. A brother and a sister appear for an interview
a th

stating the same fact?

against two vacant posts in an office. The
A, 7 esa ls 5 ckj lp cksyrk gS vkSj
B, 9 esa ls 8 ckj
probability of the brother’s selection is
1
and
lp cksyrk gSA bldh D;k izkf;drk gksxh fd os ,d gh
5 rF; dks dgus esa ,d nwljs dk [kaMu djsaxs\
ty a

SSC CGL TIER- II 03/03/2023

1
that of the sister’s selection is . What is the 1 1
di M

3 (a) (b)
7 9
probability that only one of them is selected?
1 1
,d HkkbZ vkSj ,d cgu ,d dk;kZy; esa nks fjÙkQ inksa ds(c) 4 (d)
3
fo#¼ lk{kkRdkj ds fy, vkrs gSaA HkkbZ ds p;u dh çkf;drk 5 1 2 8 21 1
Sol: Probability =     
1 1 7 9 7 9 63 3
rFkk cgu ds p;u dh çkf;drk gSA muesa ls dsoy
65. Out of 17 applicants 8 boys and 9 girls. Two
5 3 persons are to be selected for the job. Find the
,d ds pqus tkus dh çkf;drk D;k gS\ probability that at least one of the selected
persons will be a girl.
1 3 17 vkosndksa esa ls 8 yM+ds vkSj 9 yM+fd;k¡ gSaA
(a) (b)
5 4 fy, nks O;fÙkQ;ksa dk p;u fd;k tkuk gSA çkf;drk Kkr dhft
A

fd pqus x, O;fÙkQ;ksa esa ls de ls de ,d yM+dh gksxhA

2 3
(c) (d) 19 5
5 5 (a) (b)
34 4
1 2 4 1 2 4 6 2
Sol: Probability =    =    20 27
5 3 5 3 15 15 15 5 (c) (d)
34 34
62. A speaks truth in 75% of cases and B in 80% Sol: P(at least one girls) = 1 – P(No girls)
of cases. What is the probability that they 8
C2 8.7 27
likely to contradict each other, narrating the =1– 17 = 1– 
same incident. C2 17.16 34

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66. Two friend Himanshu and Naman appeared in 37 55

an exam. The probability that Himanshu will (a) (b)
50 85
1 37 55
qualify the exam is and Naman will qualify (c) (d)
20 60 50
1 1 1 1 15  12  10 37
the exam is . The probability that both will Sol: Probability =    =
10 4 5 6 60 60
68. Two letters are chosen from English Alphabet.
1 What is the probability that both are vowels.
qualify the exam is . Find the probability
50 vaxszth o.kZekyk ls nks v{kj pqus x, gSaA D;k izkf;
that only one of them qualify the exam.
fd nksuksa Loj gSaA
nks fe=k fgeka'kq vkSj ueu ,d ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gq,A fgeka'kq
1 2
1 (a) (b)
ds ijh{kk mrh.kZ djus dh çkf;drk gS vkSj ueu ds 65 65
20
3 4
(c) (d)
1 65 65
ijh{kk mrh.kZ djus dh gSA nksuksa ds ijh{kk esa mrh.kZ

r
5
10 C2 5.4 2
Sol: Probability =  26

C 2 26.25 65

si
Sol: H N
69. A word consists of 9 letters; 5 consonants and

3% 2% 8%
an by 4 vowels. Three letters are chosen at random.
What is the probability that more than one
vowel will be selected ?

n
,d 'kCn esa 9 v{kj gksrs gSa_ 5 O;atu vkSj 4 LojA ;kn`f
:i ls rhu v{kj pqus tkrs gSaA ,d ls vf/d Loj pqus
1
ja 1
R s
P(H) = = 5% P(N) = = 10% & P(Both) = tkus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
20 10
a th

1 13 17
= 2% (a) (b)
50 42 42
Probability that only one of them qualify the 27 37
(c) (d)
42 42
ty a

8  3 11
exam = = Sol: Probability that more than one vowel
100 100
di M

4
67. In a cricket world cup the probability that India C 2  5 C1  4 C 3 17
= 9 =
1 C3 42
will win the cup is . The probability of
4 70. A letter is taken out at random from
‘ASSISTANT’ and another is taken out from
1
Pakistan winning the cup is and of Australia ‘STATISTICS’. The probability that they are
5 the same letter is :
1 ,d v{kj ‘ASSISTANT’ ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkyk
winning the cup is . What is the probability
6 tkrk gS vkSj nwljk
‘STATISTICS’ ls fudkyk tkrk gSA
that either of these 3 teams India, Pakistan and laHkkouk gS fd os ,d gh v{kj gS%
Australia would win the world cup ?
35 19
,d fØdsV fo'o di esa Hkkjr ds de ds thrus dh izkf;drk (a) (b)
96 90
A

1 1 19
gSA ikfdLrku ds di thrus dh izkf;drk gS vkSj (c) (d) None of these
4 5 96
1 Sol: AA SSS
vkWLVªsfy;k ds di thrus dh izkf;drkgSA bldh D;k SSS TTT
6
I A
izkf;drk gS fd bu 3 Vheksa esa ls dksbZ ,d Hkkjr] ikfdLRkku
TT IF
vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k fo'o di thrsxh\ N C
Note : Only one team can win the cup 2 1 19
3 3 1 2 2 3
Probability =  +      =
uksV% dsoy ,d Vhe dh di thr ldrh gS 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 90

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71. Find the probability that a leap year will have: Sol: Direct shortcut
,d yhi o"kZ esa fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus dh izkf;drk Kkr n
Cr (P)r (1 – P)n – r
dhft,%
(i) atleast 52 Sundays/de ls de 52 jfookj 5 3
P(Hit) = , P(not hit) =
(a) 4 (b) 5 8 8
(c) 1 (d) 3
(ii) exactly 52 Sundays/fcYdqy 52 jfookj  5 2  3 8
10
Probability = C 2    
8 5 8  8 
(a) (b)
7 7
5 8
(c) (d) 10  9 52 38 1125  38
8 5 = ×  
2  1 82 88 810
(iii)exactly 53 Sundays/fcYdqy 53 jfookj
8 4 73. In a biased coin the probability of getting a
(a) (b)
7 5 head is 0.4, if we toss a coin 10 times, what
2 5 is the probability of getting exactly three

r
(c) (d)
7 8 heads?

si
Sol: (i) Leap year = 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 days
Since in a leap year 52 weeks are there,
,d ck;LM flDds esa fpr vkus dh izkf;drk 0-4 gS] ;fn
ge ,d flDds dks 10 ckj mNkyrs gSa] rks Bhd rhu fpr
hence
an by
P(atleast 52 Sundays) = 1 vkus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\

n
(ii) Remaining 2 days can be = MT, TW, WTh,
5 26  38 27  39

ja
TF, FS P(exactly 52 Sundays) =
7
(a)
59
(b)
510
R s
2
a th

(iii)P(exactly 53 Sundays) = 26  38 27  39
7 (c) (d)
510 59
72. A person can hit a target 5 times out of 8
shots. If he fires 10 shots, what is the Sol: Direct shortcut
ty a

probability that he will hit the target twice? n

Cr (P)r (1 – P)n – r
,d O;fDr 8 'kkWV esa ls 5 ckj fu'kkuk yxk ldrk gSA
di M

2 3
;fn og 10 'kkWV iQk;j djrk gS] rks bldh D;k çkf;drk P(Head) = P(not head) =
5 5
gksxh fd og nksckjk fu'kkuk yxk ysxk\
SSC CGL TIER- II 07/03/2023  2 3  3 7
10
1135  38 1165  38 Probability = C3    
(a) (b) 5  5
810 810
1175  38 1125  38 10  9  8 23  37 26  38
(c) (d) =  =
810 810 3  2 1 510
59
A

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