.

GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Introduction to Steel Structures

CE – 2013
1. As per IS 800:2007, the cross – section in
which the extreme fiber can reach the
yield stress, but cannot develop the
plastic moment of resistance due to
failure by local buckling is classified as
(A) Plastic section
(B) Compact section (A) 30.33 and 20.00
(C) Semi – compact section (B) 30.33 and 25.00
(D) Slender section (C) 33.33 and 20.00
(D) 33.33 and 25.00
CE – 2014
2. Match the information given in Group – I 4. The first moment of area about the axis of
with those in Group - II. bending for a beam cross-section is
Group – I Group – II (A) Moment of inertia
P. Factor to decrease 1. Upper bound (B) Section modulus
ultimate strength on ultimate (C) Shape factor
to design strength load (D) Polar moment of inertia
Q. Factor to increase 2. Lower bound
working load to on ultimate CE-2015
ultimate load for load 5. Prying forces are:
design (A) Shearing forces on the bolts because
R. Statical method of 3. Material of the joints
ultimate load partial safety (B) Tensile forces due to the flexibility of
analysis factor connected parts
S. Kinematical 4. Load factor (C) Bending forces on the bolts because
mechanism of the joints
method of ultimate (D) Forces due the friction between
load analysis connected parts
(A) P - 1; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 4
(B) P - 2; Q - 1; R - 4; S - 3
(C) P - 3; Q - 4; R - 2; S - 1
(D) P - 4; Q - 3; R - 2; S – 1

3. The tension and shear force (both in kN)

in each bolt of the joint, as shown below,
respectively are

4
3
5 Pu = 250 kN

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GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. C ] 3. [Ans. D]
(fail by local lusting ) 4
Horizontal force = 250 × = 200 kN
Plastic section 5
(full plastic
3
Stress Vertical force = 250 × = 150 kN
moment 5
Compact sections capacity) Horizontal force will exert tensite pull of
(Full elastic capacity
200
only) magnitude = 33.33 kN on each bolt.
6
Strain Vertical force will exert shear force of
150
magnitude = 25 kN on each bolts
2. [Ans. C] 6
Steel structure: Plastic analysis ∴ D is correct choice
P and Q are definitions of partial factor of
safety for material and load respectively 4. [Ans. B]
R: Statical method of ultimate load I A. r2
∵ Section modulus, z = =
analysis is based on lower bound r r
theorem which states that actual = A. r, i. e. Moment of Area.
collapse load cannot be less than
collapse load obtained from static 5. [Ans. B]
method of load analysis.
S: kinematic mechanism method of
ultimate load analysis follows upper
bound theorem.
∴ P → 3; Q → 4; R → 2; S → 1

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Plastic Analysis

CE – 2007 5. In the theory of plastic bending of beams,

1. The plastic collapse load Wp for the the ratio of plastic moment to yield
propped cantilever supporting two point moment is called
loads as shown in figure in terms of (A) Shape factor
plastic moment capacity, Mp is given by (B) Plastic section modulus
w w (C) Modulus of resilience
L/3 L/3 L/3 (D) Rigidity modulus

R CE – 2011
3MP 5MP 6. The value of W that results in the collapse
(A) (C)
L L of the beam shown in the adjoining figure
4MP 6MP
(B) (D) and having a plastic moment capacity of
L L Mp is
W
CE – 2008 Fixed Hinge
2. The shape of the cross-section, which has
the largest shape factor, is 7m 3m
(A) Rectangular (C) Diamond
(A) (4/21) Mp (C) (7/21) Mp
(B) I-section (D) Solid circular
(B) (3/10) Mp (D) (13/21) Mp

3. Continuous beam is loaded as shown in

CE – 2013
the figure below. Assuming a plastic
Common data Questions 7 and 8
moment capacity equal to MP , the
A propped cantilever made of a prismatic
minimum load at which the beam would
steel beam is subjected to a concentrated
collapse is
load P at mid span as shown.
P P
P
G H I J

L L L L
L
2 2 2 2
1.5 m 1.5 m R
4MP 8MP
(A) (C)
L L 7. If load P= 80 kN, find the reaction R(in
6MP 10MP kN)(correct to 1-decimal place) using
(B) (D)
L L elastic analysis _________

CE – 2009
8. If the magnitude of load P is increased till
4. The square root of the ratio of moment of
collapse and the plastic moment carrying
inertia of the cross-section to its cross-
capacity of steel beam section is 90 kN-m,
sectional area is called
determine reaction R(in kN)(correct to 1-
(A) Second moment of area
decimal place) using plastic analysis.
(B) Slenderness ration
___________
(C) Section modulus
(D) Radius of gyration

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

CE – 2014 W
9. The ultimate collapse load (P) in terms of
L/3
plastic moment MP by kinematic X Z
approach for a propped cantilever of Y
2Mp Mp
length L with P acting at its mid – span as
shown in the figure, would be L/2 L/2
P
(A) 16.5 MP ⁄L (C) 15.0 MP ⁄L
X (B) 15.5 MP ⁄L (D) 16.0 MP ⁄L
Y
L L
2 2 CE-2016
2MP 6MP 13. The semi-compact section of a laterally
(A) P = (C) P = unsupported steel beam has an elastic
L L
section modulus, plastic section modulus
4MP 8MP
(B) P = (D) P = and design bending compressive stress
L L
of 500 cm3 , 650 cm3 and 200 MPa,
respectively. The design flexural capacity
10. A prismatic beam (as shown below) has
(expressed in kN-m) of the section
plastic moment capacity of MP , then the
is _________
collapse load P of the beam is
P
14. A propped cantilever of span L carries a
P 2
vertical concentrated load at the mid-
span. If the plastic moment capacity of the
section is Mp , the magnitude of the
L L L
2 2 3
collapse load is
2MP 6MP 8Mp 4Mp
(A) (C) (A) (C)
L L L L
4MP 8MP 6Mp 2Mp
(B) (D) (B) (D)
L L L L

CE-2015 15. A fixed-end beam is subjected to a

11. For formation of collapse mechanism in concentrated load (P) as shown in the
the following figure, the minimum value figure. The beam has two different
of Pu is cMp /L. Mp and 3 Mp denote the segments having different plastic moment
plastic moment capacities of beam capacities (Mp , 2Mp) as shown.
sections as shown in this figure. The value P
2L/3
of c is ____________
Pu 2MP MP
1m 1m
L
3 MP MP L
The minimum value of load (P)at which
2m the beam would collapse (ultimate load)
is
12. A fixed end beam is subjected to a load, W (A) 7.5 MP /L (C) 4.5 MP /L
at L/3rd span from the left support as (B) 5.0 MP /L (D) 2.5 MP /L
shown in the figure The collapse load of
the beam is:
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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. B] 2. [Ans. C]
w w Shape factors of some cross-section are as
A follows:
(i) Rectangle - 1.5
L/3 L/3 L/3 (ii) I-section - 1.14
Ds = (3 + 1) − 3 (iii) Diamond - 2
=1 (iv) Triangle - 2.34
No. of plastic hinges formed, (v) Circle - 1.7
= Ds + 1 = 2
1st case: Plastic hinge formed at A and B 3. [Ans. B]
w w P P
A B C D G H I J
θ α
MP
MP MP L L L L
L
2 2 2 2
For collapse in IJ
L/3 L/3 L/3
L 2L
θ= α MP PL
3 3
θ = 2α 4
MP
By virtual work method MP
External work = Internal work 2
L L
w ( θ) + w ( α) = Mp θ + Mp (θ + α) MP PL
3 3 MP + =
2 4
Put θ = 2α 3MP PL
5Mp ⇒ =
Wu = ……….① 2 4
L 6Mp
2nd case: Plastic hinge at (A) and (C) ⇒P=
L
w w For collapse in HI
A B C D
θ α
MP
MP MP MP PL
4
2L L MP
θ= α
3 3
α = 2θ PL
External work = Internal work MP + MP =
4
WL 2WL 8MP
θ+ θ = Mp θ + Mp (θ + α) ⇒P=
3 3 L
Put α = 2θ 6MP
4Mp ∴ Minimum load for collapse =
Wu = L
L
Hence, collapse load 4. [Ans. D]
4Mp
Wu = 5. [Ans. A]
L

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

6. [Ans. D] 180 kN
Number of possible hinges, n = 2
Statical indeterminacy, r = 1
1.5m 1.5m
Number of independent mechanisms, MP R
i=n−r=2−1=1 MP = 90 kN­m
W 3MP
3 MP. θ = P × 1.5θ ⇒ P =
1.5
7m 3m 3 × 90
= = 180 kN
1.5
R × 3 + MP = P × 1.5
θ ϕ
MP Δ (1.5 × 180 − 90)
⇒R= = 60kN
3
MP
θ+ϕ
MP 9. [Ans. C]
P
Δ = 7θ = 3ϕ L
By principle of virtual work, we get A 2

W × Δ − Mp θ − Mp (θ + ϕ) = 0 θ L θ B
( × θ)
2
⇒ W × 7θ = 2Mp θ + Mp ϕ 2θ
7θ C
⇒ W × 7θ = 2Mp θ + Mp ×
3 External work done
6Mp + 7Mp 13Mp Wext = P × ∆
⇒ 7W = ⇒W=
3 21 L
=P× ×θ
2
7. [Ans. *] Range: 25 to 25 Internal work done:
B Only point C and A will form plastic hinge
C
A (since B is free to rotate roller joint).
l1=1.5 l2=1.5 R ∴ Wint =MP × θ + MP × 2θ = 3MP θ
From compatibility equation net By principle of virtual work Wext = Wint
deflection at C = 0 L
⇒ P × × θ = 3MP × θ
RL3 Pl13 Pl12 2
⇒ − − ×l =0 6MP
3EI 3EI 2EI 2 ⇒P=
R(3)3 P × (1.5)3 P(1.5)3 L
⇒ = +
3EI 3EI 2EI
3 80 × (1.5)3 80 × (1.5)3 10. [Ans. C]
⇒R= [ + ] P P
27 3 2
2
⇒ R = 25 kN
L L L
8. [Ans. *] Range: 60 to 60 2 2 3
P Degree of static indeterminacy = 0
1.5m 1.5m
∴ Number of plastic winges required
MP DS + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
θ p
p

θ θ θ 2

θ θ
MP MP1
Mp Mp

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

From principal of virtual work 13. [Ans. *] Range: 99.9 to 100.1

L P L As per IS 800, the design bending
−Mp θ − Mp θ + P θ − × θ = 0
2 2 3 strength of laterally unsupported beam as
PLθ PLθ governed by lateral torsional buckling is:
−2Mp θ + − =0
2 6 Md = βb . Zp . fbd
PL PL
2Mp = − Ze
2 6 βb =
(3 − 1)PL PL ZP
= = for semi compact section
6 3
6Mp Ze
P= So, Md = Z . f = Ze . fbd
L ZP P bd
= 500 × 103 × 200 × 10−6
11. [Ans. *] Range: 3.30 to 3.40 = 100 kN-m

12. [Ans. C] 14. [Ans. B]

Plastic hinges formed = 3 P
(1)
L⁄3 2L⁄3
2Mp α Mp L L
θ
C 2 2
P
θ α
2Mp 2Mp θ ϕ
MP
θ MP
α=
2 MP
Δ
θ = 2α; θ = L L
L⁄3 θ= ϕ⇒θ=ϕ
2 2
L α2L
Δ = θ; Δ = By virtual work method
3 3 Work done by external force = work done
θ = 2α
by internal moments
2Mp θ + 2Mp θ + 2Mp α + Mp α = WΔ
⇒ MP θ + MP (2θ) = P. L/2θ
θ L
2Mp θ + 2Mp θ + Mp θ + Mp = W × θ 6MP
2 3 ⇒ PU =
WL L
5.5Mp =
3 15. [Ans. A]
16.5
⇒W= Mp DS = 2
L
(2) ∴ Number of plastic hinge required for
W complete collapse
2Mp Mp = DS + 1
θ θ
=2+1=3
θ Mechanism 1:
θ
2L P 4L
Mp Mp
2Mp θ + Mp θ + Mp Δ + Mp θ = W × Δ 3 3
L θ ϕ
5Mp θ = W θ 2MP MP
3 Δ
Mp
15 =W
L θ ϕ
15Mp
Lowest is collapse load 2MP 2MP
L

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

2L 4L
Δ= =
3θ 3
⇒ θ = 2θ
For principal of virtual work done
2L
−2MP θ − 2MP θ − 2MP ϕ − MP ϕ = P ( θ) = 0
3
2PL
⇒ 4MP θ + 3MP ϕ = θ
3
2PL
⇒ 8MP ϕ + 3MP ϕ = ϕ
3
4Pu L
⇒ 11MP =
3
33 MP
⇒ Pu =
4 L
MP
∴ Pu = 8.25
L
Mechanism 2:
P

θ θ
2MP MP

θ θ
MP MP
2L
2MP θ + MP θ + MP θ + MP θ = P ( )
3
2PL
⇒ 5MP =
3
15MP
⇒ Pu =
2L
MP
∴ Pu = 7.5
L
p
p 2
θ

θ θ
Mp Mp
From principal of virtual work
L P L
−Mp θ − Mp θ + P θ − × θ = 0
2 2 3
PLθ PLθ
−2Mp θ + − =0
2 6
PL PL
2Mp = −
2 6
(3 − 1)PL PL
= =
6 3
6Mp
P=
L

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Welded Connections

CE – 2010 multiple of 5 mm) of each weld to

1. Two plates, subjected to direct tension, transmit force P equal to 270 kN is
each of 10 mm thickness and having P
widths of 100 mm and 175 mm, 100mm
respectively are to be fillet welded with
an overlap of 200 mm. Given that the
permissible weld stress is 110 MPa and
the permissible stress in steel is 150 MPa,
the length of the weld required using the
maximum permissible weld size as per IS
800: 1984 is

150mm
175 mm

100 mm P
(A) 100 mm (C) 110 mm
(B) 105 mm (D) 115 mm
200 mm
(A) 245.3 mm (C) 205.5 mm CE-2016
(B) 229.2 mm (D) 194.8 mm 4. Two plates are connected by fillet welds
of size 10 mm and subjected to tension, as
CE – 2011 shown in the figure. The thickness of each
2. For the fillet weld of size ‘s’ shown in the plate is 12 mm. The yield stress and the
adjoining figure the effective throat ultimate tensile stress of steel are 250
thickness is MPa and 410 MPa, respectively. The
welding is done in the workshop (γmw =
99° 1.25).
P
S 100 mm
S Fillet weld

(A) 0.61s (C) 0.70s

(B) 0.65s (D) 0.75s

CE – 2012
3. Two plates are connected by fillet welds
of size 10 m and subjected to tension, as 150 mm
shown in the sketch. The thickness of P
each plate is 12 mm. The yield stress and As per the Limit State Method of IS 800:
the ultimate tensile stress of steel are 2007, the minimum length (rounded off
250 MPa and 410 MPa, respectively. The to the nearest higher multiple of 5 mm) of
welding is done in the workshop each weld to transmit a force P equal to
(γmw = 1.25). As per the Limit State 270 kN (factored) is
Method of IS 800.2007. The minimum (A) 90 mm (C) 110 mm
length (rounded off to the nearest higher (B) 105 mm (D) 115 mm

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. B] 3. [Ans. B]
The maximum size of a fillet weld is Design strength of fillet weld,
obtained by subtracting 1.5 mm from the fu
Pd = Lw . t.
thickness of the thinner member to be √3. γmw
jointed. = 270 × 103
∴ S = 10 − 1.5 = 8.5 mm 410
= 2Lw (0.7 × 10 ) ×
Strength of the thinner plate √3 × 1.25
= 100 × 10 × 150 × 10−3 Lw = 101.84 mm
= 150 kN Rounded off to 105 mm
Strength of the weld
S 4. [Ans. B]
=L× × σws
√2 Max force carried by plates
8.5 Ag fy 100 × 12 × 250
⇒ 150 × 103 = L × × 110 P= = = 272.7 kN
√2 γmo 1.1
⇒ L = 226.89 mm P
Load carried by each weld =
2
2. [Ans. B] = 136.36 kN
Throat thickness T = K × fillet size For minimum length of weld
K is depends upon angle between fusion Strength of weld = Load carried by weld
forces fu
lw × t × = 136.36 × 103
√3 γmw
410
⇒ lw × (10 × 0.7) ×
√3 × 1.25
3
T = 136.36 × 10
49.5
S
lw = 102.9 mm
≃ 105 mm
⇓

49.5

T +
s 99°

∴ T = cos 49.5 × 5
= 0.65s

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Simple Connections

CE – 2007 CE – 2010
1. A bracket connection is made with four 4. A double cover butt riveted joint is used
bolts of 10 mm diameter and supports a to connect two flat plates of 200 mm
load of 10 kN at an eccentricity of width and 14 mm thickness as shown in
100 mm. The maximum force to be the figure. There are twelve power driven
resisted by any bolt will be. rivets of 20 mm diameter at a pitch of
e =100 P = 10 kN 50 mm in both directions on either side of
the plate. Two cover plates of 10 mm
thickness are used. The capacity of the
joint in tension considering bearing and
30 shear ONLY, with permissible bearing and
shear stresses as 300 MPa and 100 MPa
30 respectively is
50 mm 50 mm 50 mm

40 40 50 mm

(All distance are in mm) 50 mm

(A) 5 kN (C) 6.8 kN 50 mm

(B) 6.5 kN (D) 7.16 kN 50 mm

(A) 1083.6 kN (C) 541.8 kN

CE – 2008
(B) 871.32 kN (D) 433.7 kN
2. Rivets and bolts subjected to both shear
stress (τvf,cal ) and axial tensile stress
CE – 2012
(σtf,cal ) shall be so proportioned that the
5. In a steel plate with bolted connections,
stresses do not exceed the respective the rupture of the net section is a mode of
allowable stresses τvf and σtf and the failure under
τvf,cal σtf,cal
value of ( + ) does not exceed (A) Tension (C) Flexure
τvf σtf
(A) 1.0 (C) 1.4 (B) Compression (D) Shear
(B) 1.2 (D) 1.8
CE-2016
CE – 2009 6. Two bolted plates under tension with
3. A 12 mm thick plate is connected to two 8 alternative arrangement of bolt holes are
mm thick plates, on either side through a shown in figures 1 and 2. The hole
16 mm diameter power driven field rivet diameter, pitch, and gauge length are d, p
as shown in the figure below. Assuming and g, respectively.
permissible shear stress as 90 MPa and
permissible bearing stress as 270 MPa in P d P
the rivet, the rivet value of the joint is

P/2 8mm Figure 1

P
12mm
P/2 8mm
g P
P
p
(A) 56.70 kN (C) 36.19 kN
(B) 43.29 kN (D) 21.65 kN Figure 2

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Which one of the following conditions

must be ensured to have higher net
tensile capacity of configuration shown in
Figure 2 than that shown in Figure 1?
(A) p2 > 2gd (C) p2 > 4gd
(B) p2 < √4gd (D) p > 4gd

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. D] exceed the respective allowable stresses

10 kN τvf and σtf and the expression
e =100 τvf,cal σtf,cal
( + ) does not exceed 1.4
τvf σtf

r1 3. [Ans. B]
30 mm 30 mm

θ F2 Rivet value is the lesser of shearing

F1
Fr strength or bearing strength of rivet.
Shearing strength of rivet,
π
= 2 × × (16 + 1.5)2 × 90
4
40 mm 40 mm
= 43.29 kN
Bolt will be subjected to direct shear and Bearing strength of rivet
shear force due to twisting moment. = π × (16 + 1.5) × 12 × 270
F1 = Force on bolt due to direct shear = 178.13 kN
F2 = Force on bolt due to twisting ∴ Rivet value of the joint = 43.29 kN
moment
P 10 4. [Ans. B]
F1 = = = 2.5 kN
4 4 Strength of one rivet in double shear,
(Pe) × r1
F2 = π(d′ )2
Σri2 =2× × σs
4
r1 = r2 = r2 = r4 (20 + 1.5)2 π
=2× × 100 × 10−3
= √302 + 402 = 50 mm 4
10 × 100 × 50 = 72.61 kN
F2 = = 5 kN
2500 × 4 Strength of the riveted joint in double
30 shear = 12 × 72.61 = 871.32 kN
tan θ = ⇒ θ = 37°
40 = 90.3 kN
Resultant force, Strength of one rivet in bearing,
= √F12 + F22 + 2F1 F2 cos θ = d′ t × σb
= (20 + 1.5) × 14 × 300 × 10−3
= √(2.5)2 + (5)2 + 2 × 2.5 × 5 × cos 37° = 90.3 kN
= 7.16 kN Strength of the riveted joint in bearing
= 12 × 90.3 = 1083.6 kN
2. [Ans. C] Thus the strength of joint will be
As per clause 8.9.4.5 of IS:800-1984 rivets governed by shearing and it will be equal
and bolts subject to both shear and axial to 871.32 kN
tension shall be so proportioned that the
shear and axial stresses calculated do not 5. [Ans. A]

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

6. [Ans. C]

P d P

Figure 1

P g P
p
Figure 2
Tensile strength of plate in arrangement 2
will be greater than in arrangement 1
∗ As per IS code 800: 2007 close 6.3
fup fup
(0.9 Anet ) > (0.9 Anet )
γml 2 γml 1
(Anet )2 > (Anet )1
p2
[(B − 2d + ) t] > [(B − d)t]1
4g 2
p2
B − 2d + >B−d
4g
p2
>d
4g
p2 > 4gd

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Design of Tension Member

CE – 2007 3. A steel member ‘M’ has reversal of stress

1. A steel flat of rectangular section of size due to live loads, whereas another
70 × 6 mm is connected to a gusset plate member ‘N’ has reversal of stress due to
by three bolts each having a shear wind load. As per IS 800: 2007, the
capacity of 15 kN in holes having maximum slenderness ratio permitted is:
diameter 11.5 mm. If the allowable tensile (A) Less for member ‘M’ than that of
stress in the flat is 150 MPa, the member ‘N’
maximum tension that can be applied to (B) More for member M’ than for
the flat is member ‘N’
(C) Same for both the members
(D) Not specified m the Code

4. A column of size 450 mm × 600 mm has

15 unsupported length of 3.0 m and is braced
20
T against side sway in both directions.
20
15 According to IS 456: 2000, the minimum
eccentricities (in mm.) with respect to
35
major and minor principal axis are
(A) 20.0 and 20.0 (C) 26.0 and 20.0
(B) 26.0 and 21.0 (D) 21.0 and 15.0
(A) 42.3 kN (C) 59.5 kN
(B) 52.65 kN (D) 63.0 kN

CE-2015
2. A bracket plate connected to a column
flange transmits a load of 100 kN as
shown in the following figure. The
maximum force for which the bolts
should be designed is _________ kN.
100 kN
600
75 75

75 75 All dimensions are in mm

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GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. B] 3. [Ans. A]
2 M – Due to live load
N – Due to wind load
1
M − λ − 180
As per IS 800: M<N
N − λ − 350
15
20 4. [Ans. B]
T
20 emin =
15 L D
+ (or)20 mm which ever is minimum
500 30
35 mm 3000 600
exx = + = 26 mm
500 30
1 2 3000 450
eyy = + = 21 mm
Along ①-① 500 30
Anet = (70 − 11.5) × 6 = 351 mm2
P = (Anet ) × (fy ) = 351 × 150
=52.65 kN
Along ②-②
Anet = (70 − 2 × 11.5) × 6
= 282 mm2
P = (Anet ) × fy + Force to shear 1 bolt at
position ① – ①
= 282 × 150 + 15kN = 57.3 kN
Hence, the maximum tension that we can
applied = 52.65 kN

2. [Ans. *] Range: 155 to 156.3

P 100
FD = = = 20 kN
n 5
(P. d)r 100 × 600 × 75√2
Ft = = 2
Σr2 4 × (75√2)

FR = √FD2 + F12 + 2 × FD × Ft cos θ

1
= √(20)2 + (141.42)2 + 2 × 20 × 141.42 ×
√2
= 156.20 kN

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Compression member

CE – 2009
1. Consider the following statements for a
compression member:
1. The elastic critical stress in
compression increases with decrease
in slenderness ratio.
2. The effective length depends on the
boundary conditions at its ends.
3. The elastic critical stress in
compression is independent of the
slenderness ratio
4. The ratio of the effective length to its
radius of gyration is called as
slenderness ratio.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
(A) 2 and 3 (C) 2, 3 and 4
(B) 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. D]
The elastic critical stress in compression
depends on the slenderness ratio.
π2 E
σac = 2
λ
Where λ is slenderness ratio of the
compression member

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Beams

CE – 2011 CE – 2014
1. The adjoining figure shows a schematic 2. A steel section is subjected to a
representation of a steel plate girder to be combination of shear and bending
used as a simply supported beam with a actions. The applied shear force is V and
concentrated load. For stiffeners, PQ the shear capacity of the section is Vs . For
(running along the beam axis) and RS such a section, high shear force (as per
(running between the top and bottom IS: 800 – 2007) is defined as
flanges) which of the following pairs of (A) V > 0.6Vs (C) V > 0.8Vs
statements will be TRUE? (B) V > 0.7Vs (D) V > 0.9Vs

R CE-2015
P Q 3. A simply supported reinforced concrete
S beam of length 10 m sags while
undergoing shrinkage. Assuming a
L
uniform curvature of 0.004 m−1 along the
(A) (i) RS should be provided under the span, the maximum deflection (in m) of
concentrated load only the beam at mid-span is _________
(ii) PQ should be placed in the
tension side of the flange
(B) (i) RS helps to prevent local buckling
of the web
(ii) PQ should be placed in the
compression side of the flange.
(C) (i) RS should be provided at
supports
(ii) PQ should be placed along the
neutral axis
(D) (i) RS should be provided away from
points of action of concentrated
loads
(ii) PQ should be provided on the
compression side of the flange

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.
GATE QUESTION BANK Steel Structures

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. B] 2. [Ans. A]
PQ is a horizontal stiffener in the given As per clause 9.2.1 of IS 800: 2007,
plate girder. Horizontal stiffeners are also V > 0.6 Vs
called longitudinal stiffeners. The
horizontal stiffener are provided in the 3. [Ans. *] Range: 0.05 to 0.05
compression zone of the web. The first 0
horizontal stiffener is provided at one-
fifth of the distance from the compression R
flange to the tension flange. If required A
another stiffener is provided at the
neutral axis. Horizontal stiffeners are not
continuous and are provided between A′
vertical stiffeners.
1 1
RS is a vertical stiffener in the given plate R= = = 250 m
ψ 0.004
girder. Vertical stiffeners are also called
transverse stiffeners. It is assumed that 10 2
the vertical stiffener is not subjected to OA = √(250)2 − ( ) = 249.9995 m
2
any load and is selected to provide ΔAA′ = OA′ − OA = 250 − 249.9995
necessary lateral stiffness only and can = 0.05
therefore, be crimped or joggled for tight
fitting. Such stiffeners increase the
buckling resistance of the web caused by
shear.

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