Route53

Ponnam Phani Krishna

[email protected]
 ROUTE53
Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web
service. It is designed to give developers and businesses an extremely reliable and cost effective way to
route end users to Internet applications by translating names like www.example.com into the numeric
IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to connect to each other. Amazon Route 53 is fully
compliant with IPv6 as well.

Benefits:

• Highly Available and Reliable

• Flexible
• Use with other AWS Services
• Simple
• Fast
• Cost-effective
• Secure
• Scalable
• Simplify the Hybrid Cloud

Domain Name System (DNS): DNS is the Internet Equivalent of a phonebook. They maintain a directory
called Hosted Zone of domain names and translate them to IP Address.

Every website will be accessible with the help od DNS, when you type nareshit.com it will retrieve the
actual IP Address of the website and the request will be redirected to the actual IP Address.

Top-Leve Domains (TLD):

A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name
System of the Internet after the root domain.

Ex: .com, .org. .net etc..

These top level domain names are managed and controlled by the organization called ICANN (Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

Each Domain name will be registered in a central database, known a the WhoIs (who.is) Database.

Domain Name Registrars: All the domain names must be unique and they need to be managed by
someone , so that the domain names aren’t duplicated. This is where domain name registrars come in.

A domain Name registrar is an organization that manages the reservation of Internet Domain names.

Popular Domain Registrars: godaddy.com, bigrock.in, namecheap.com amazon route53 etc..

Route53 acts as a Domain registrar as well as a DNS service.

Route53 allows you to transfer your domain name from another registrar to Rute53.
Route53 Records: DNS service contains different types of records, we create records to tell the DNS,
how you want to traffic to be routed for that domain

Amazon Route53 supports the DNS record types that are listed below.

NS: An NS record identifies the name servers for the hosted zone. Note the following:

1. The most common use for an NS record is to control how internet traffic is routed for a
domain.
2. You can create a separate hosted zone for a subdomain (acme.example.com) and use
that hosted zone to route internet traffic for the subdomain and its subdomains

SOA: A start of authority (SOA) record provides information about a domain and the corresponding
Amazon Route 53 hosted zone.

A : To route traffic to a resource, such as a web server, using an IPv4 address

AAAA: To route traffic to a resource, such as a web server, using an IPv6 address

CNAME: A CNAME record maps DNS queries for the name of the current record, such as
blog.example.com, to another domain (example.com or example.net) or subdomain
(blog1.example.com orblog2.example.org).

MX: An MX record specifies the names of your mail servers and, if you have two or more mail servers,
the priority order. Each value for an MX record contains two values, priority and domain name.

CAA: specifies which certificate authorities (CAs) are allowed to issue certificates for a domain or
subdomain

DS: A delegation signer (DS) record refers a zone key for a delegated subdomain zone

NAPTR: A Name Authority Pointer (NAPTR) is a type of record that is used by Dynamic Delegation
Discovery System (DDDS) applications to convert one value to another or to replace one value with
another. For example, one common use is to convert phone numbers into SIP URIs.

PTR: A PTR record maps an IP address to the corresponding domain name.

SPF: SPF records were formerly used to verify the identity of the sender of email messages.

SRV: An SRV record Value element consists of four space-separated values. The first three values are
decimal numbers representing priority, weight, and port. The fourth value is a domain name. SRV
records are used for accessing services, such as a service for email or communications.

TXT: A TXT record contains one or more strings that are enclosed in double quotation marks ("). When
you use the simple routing policy, include all values for a domain (example.com) or subdomain
(www.example.com) in the same TXT record.

Note: AWS will charge 0.50$ per Hosted Zone per month
Routing Policies:

When you create a record, you choose a routing policy, which determines how Amazon Route 53
responds to queries:

➢ Simple Routing
➢ Failover Routing
➢ Geo Location Routing
➢ Latency-based Routing
➢ Multivalue Answer Routing
➢ Weighted Routing

Simple Routing: Simple routing lets you configure standard DNS records, with no special Route 53
routing. With simple routing, you typically route traffic to a single resource, for example, to a web server
for your website.

Failover Routing: Failover routing lets you route traffic to a resource when the resource is healthy or to
a different resource when the first resource is unhealthy.
Geo Location Routing: Geolocation routing lets you choose the resources that serve your traffic based
on the geographic location of your users, meaning the location that DNS queries originate from. For
example, you might want all queries from Europe to be routed to an ELB load balancer in the Frankfurt
region.

You can specify geographic locations by continent, by country, or by state in the United States. If you
create separate records for overlapping geographic regions—for example, one record for North America
and one for Canada—priority goes to the smallest geographic region.

Latency-Based Routing: If your application is hosted in multiple AWS Regions, you can improve
performance for your users by serving their requests from the AWS Region that provides the lowest
latency.
When Route 53 receives a DNS query for your domain (example.com), it determines which AWS Regions
you've created latency records for, determines which region gives the user the lowest latency, and then
selects a latency record for that region.

Multivalue Answer Routing: Multivalue answer routing lets you configure Amazon Route 53 to return
multiple values, such as IP addresses for your web servers, in response to DNS queries. You can specify
multiple values for almost any record, but multivalue answer routing also lets you check the health of
each resource, so Route 53 returns only values for healthy resources. It's not a substitute for a load
balancer.

Weighted Routing: Weighted routing lets you associate multiple resources with a single domain name
(example.com) or subdomain name (acme.example.com) and choose how much traffic is routed to each
resource.