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Lecture#07 Inst 2021

This document summarizes a lecture on signal conditioning components and circuits. It discusses different circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. It describes the functions of rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and zener diodes. The document also covers transistors, how they are used as switches, buffers, inverters, and in comparator circuits. It concludes with a brief summary of the key points and lists references used.

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Muhammad Arsalan Khan
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18 views19 pages

Lecture#07 Inst 2021

This document summarizes a lecture on signal conditioning components and circuits. It discusses different circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. It describes the functions of rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and zener diodes. The document also covers transistors, how they are used as switches, buffers, inverters, and in comparator circuits. It concludes with a brief summary of the key points and lists references used.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Arsalan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instrumentation and Measurement

Lecture# 07
Signal conditioning components and circuits
Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Asif
Email: [email protected]

Department of Mechanical Engineering


University of Engineering and Technology
Taxila

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 1


Recap
 Collect the data using DAQ with proper
calibration.
 Pre-process it to clean and perform conversions.
 Interpret and visualize the data to make decisions
or take the necessary actions
 Sampling rate should be high to get more precise
and in depth analysis of the sensor’s data
 Digital sensor can be used to detect proximity.
 Optical encoders exhibit square pulses normally.
Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 2
Lecture outline

 RLC components
 Diodes
 Rectifier diodes
 Light emitting diodes
 Photodiodes
 Zener diodes
 Triodes
 BJTs and FETs
 Switches (Transistors and relays)
 Comparators, buffers, amplifiers, etc.
Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 3
RLC…

Resistor:

 A passive electrical component with two terminals


that are used for either limiting or regulating the flow
of electric current in electrical circuits.
 The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current
flow and to lower the voltage in any particular
portion of the circuit.

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 4


RLC…

Inductor:

 An inductor is a passive electrical component that


opposes sudden changes in current.
 It stores energy in the form of magnetic field.
 Inductors are also known as coils or chokes. The
electrical symbol for an inductor is L.

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 5


RLC…

Capacitor:

 A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical device that


can store energy in the form of an electric charge.
 It consists of two electrical conductors that are
separated by a distance.
 Stores energy in the form of electric field.
 Electrolytic capacitors are recommended to use in
power lines in parallel.

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 6


Diodes

Types:
A two terminal component which conducts at the
nominal biasing voltage.
 Rectifier diodes:
 Convert AC to DC voltage.
 Light emitting diodes:
 Used as signal indicators
 Photo diode:
 Biased with photons
 Zener diodes:
 Regulates the voltage
Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 7
Diodes…rectifiers
 Used as switch

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 8


Diodes…rectifiers
 As flywheel diodes:
 Used as a flywheel diodes with relays and motors.
 It handles the back emf when installed in parallel

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 9


Diodes…LEDs
 Used as signal indicators.
 Simple on/off or in specific patterns.
 Must use a resistor in series.

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 10


Diodes…Photodiode
 Used as light receiver
 Conducts in reverse biased.
 Applicable in sensor based solutions

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 11


Diodes…Zener
 Used as voltage regulator
 Conducts in reverse biased.

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 12


Triodes…Transistor
 Transistor is a three layer component used as a
switch and as an amplifier.
 It is a miniature semiconductor that regulates or
controls current or voltage flow in addition
amplifying and generating these electrical signals
and acting as a switch/gate for them.
 May be used as buffer or inverter.
 Types: Bipolar transistors (bipolar junction
transistors: BJTs), field-effect transistors (FETs),
and insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 13


Triodes…Transistor

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 14


Triodes…Transistor
Buffer circuit:

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 15


Triodes…Transistor
Inverter circuit:

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 16


Voltage comparator

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 17


Lecture summary
 Resistor dissipates electric energy, while capacitor
and inductor stores it as EE, ME resp.
 Diode is a two terminal component acts as a switch
below or above the junction voltage.
 LEDs are used as signal indicator
 Photodiode is a light receiver & Zener diode
regulates the voltage.
 Transistor is a three terminal component acting as
switch (cut-off & saturation) & amplifier.
 Comparator generates the corresponding voltage at
output.
Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 18
References
 Circuit simulation using Proteus
 Images have been taken from Google
 Electronic Devices by Floyd (chapter 2, 3,
and 4)

Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 19

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