What is Computer? The word computer comes rom the word “compute”, which mean, “to cateuate™ Thereby, a computer an eecren device that can perform artnetie partons 9 high speed Acamputer i as calle a ata processor because can sore, process, and Fevieve dts wranever dees Data Processing > The activity of processing data using a computer is called data processing Data — » Data is raw material used as input and information is processed data obtained as output of data processing Characteristics of Computers ‘Automatic Speed Accuracy Diligence Versatility Remembrance Power Nol. Q No FeelingsAutomatic > Done without thinking or human interventions > Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human interventions Speed ‘Avery fast device Perform operation with high speed Usually measured in microseconds (10% » Nanoseconds (10%) > Proseconds (10) ‘The amount of work that a man can do in an enti year, computer perform that work in seconds even in milliseconds. Accuracy > computer fs basically made for two main reasons. » Speed > Accuracy The degree of accuracy of computer depends on its design each and every calculation or tasks performed withthe same accuracy. Note: rors may occur in computers, but these are man made errors rather than echnologcal weakness, th imprecie thinking By a programmerDiligence Versatility Computers verte device So, a computer aoabe of performing ary tak provided thatthe atk cn betediced ta seis of ogi steps. Remembrance Power > Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability >t forgets oF looses certain information ony when itis asked to do soNo 1.Q LQ stands for Intelligence Quotient. > -AS.computer fs a machine which does not have intelligence ofits own. Computer perform the tasks that is fed to it. > Sotherefore, it cannot take its own decisions > Tes not tke human beings who possess thinking capability > Allah gifted the thinking capability to human wile human trying to git the thinking capability to computer, As now-a-days programmers are trying to make computer an intelligent ‘machine. Programmers are programming artificial intelligence in computers Using different languages. No Feelings 1» Computer is a machine due to which it f lacking emations and feelings Although men have succeeded in building a memory forthe computer, but nO ‘computer possesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul. > Based on our feelings, taste, hnowledge, and experience, we often make Certain judgements in our day to day life. But computers can not make such judgements on their own. 1» Their judgments is based on the instructions given to them in the form of programs that are written by us > They are only as good as man makes and uses them. As computers have no feelings they work for us day and night without any difficulty. Evolution of computer systems People were searching for fast and accurate calculating device, as a result computer came into being. There aro several researchers and scientists who played a key role in the evolution of computer systems. > First mechanical adding machine was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. » Baron Gottfried Withelm von Letbniz of Germany invented the first calculator for multiplication in 1671. > Keyboard machines originated in the United States around 1880 > Around the same period, Herman Hollerith came up with concept of punched cards that computers used extensively as input medium even in late 1970s, > Business machines and calculators made their appearance in Europe and ‘America towards the end of the 19% CenturyEvolution of computer systems > Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of moder digital computers > He desimned “Difference Engine” in 1822 > He designed a fuly automatic analytical engine in 1842 for performing basic arithmetic uncbons is efforts estaished a numberof principles that are fundamental to the design of any digital computer Some well known Early computers The Mark I Computer (1937-44) The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1939-42) The ENIAC (1943-46) The EDVAC (1946-52) The EDSAC (1947-49) Manchester Mark I (1948) The UNIVAC I (1951) Capabilities of Computer System > We see computer everywhere: > athome » nsctoot > nthe posta > in the bark > In bookstores > deparement stores > atrecreation centers > nother places.Capabilities of Computer System > They ae important pieces of equipment ae they help man in so many ways Many people depend so mach on computers They we comuters too their work, > tomes > tohegp tach wih te ve cnet to sore important documents > Because computers are capable of doing so many thiogs. The felloming are ‘the capabilites of a computer. Capabilities of computer systems The computer processes information very fast. > The computer gives accurate results. Some scientists use the computer in their experiments. The needed data for their experiments are processed in the computer. They can get almost pertect and more accurate results through it » The computer stores large amount of data and information. > The computer enables ane to restore or bring back any of his works. > itis automatics, » The computer can do two things at the same time. ‘The computer can be improved and upgraded. Limitation of Computer Systems » The computer is not a perfect machine. Thus, it has its own limitations, tke the following: The computer can only do what you tell it to 0, ‘it cannot generate information on its owe. ‘The computer wil she you wrong information if you feed it with wrong data. ‘The computer cannot correct wrong instruction. Depends on user