Define sequential circuit.

A sequential circuit is a logical circuit where both the current value of the input signal and the list
of previous inputs depend on the output. And a combinational circuit is a function only of the
current input. A sequential circuit is a mixture of a mixed circuit and a storage part. In the next
clock cycle, the sequential circuits use current input variables and previous input variables that
are processed and supply the data to the circuit.
Compare or differentiate sequential circuit from combinational circuit.
The differences between combinational circuits and sequential circuits are seen in the following
table.

Combinational Circuits Sequential Circuits

Outputs depend only on inputs that are Outputs depend on the existing inputs as well
present. as the present state.

The Feedback Route is not present. The direction of feedback is present.

Give the main components of a sequential circuit.

Sequential circuit outputs depend not only on the combination of current inputs, but also on
previous outputs as well. Nothing but the present state is the previous production. Sequential
circuits therefore include, along with memory storage components, combinational circuits. Any
sequential circuits, but only memory components, do not include combinational circuits.
Types of Sequential Circuits – There are two types of sequential circuit:
Asynchronous sequential circuit – Both asynchronous sequential circuit outputs do not alter their
impact at the same time. The bulk of asynchronous sequential circuit outputs are also not
synchronous for either only positive edges or only negative clock signal edges.
Synchronous sequential circuit – The results of all synchronous sequential circuit outputs
change at the same time. The synchronous sequential circuit outputs are also synchronous with
either only positive edges or only negative clock signal edges.
Clock Signal and Triggering
The clock signal is a periodic signal, and it is not appropriate to provide the same ON time and
OFF time. We'll be forced to the clock signal is interpreted as a square wave when both the ON
time and the OFF time are the same.
Types of Triggering – There are two possible types triggering that are used in sequential
circuits:

 Level triggering
There are two levels, namely logic High and logic Low in clock signal.
Following are the two types of level triggering:
Positive level triggering - If the sequential circuit is operated with the clock signal when it is in
Logic High.
Negative level triggering - If the sequential circuit is operated with the clock signal when it is
in Logic Low.

 Edge triggering
There are two types of transitions that occur in clock signal. That means, the clock signal
transitions either from Logic Low to Logic High or Logic High to Logic Low.
Following are the two types of edge triggering based on the transitions of clock signal.
Positive edge triggering - If the sequential circuit is operated with the clock signal that is
transitioning from Logic Low to Logic High.
Negative edge triggering - If the sequential circuit is operated with the clock signal that is
transitioning from Logic High to Logic Low.
Differentiate latch from flip-flops
Both latches and flip-flops are components of the circuit whose output is not only dependent on
current inputs, but also on previous inputs and outputs. The difference between a latch and a
flip-flop is that there is no clock signal for a latch, while a flip-flop often does.
The differences between latch and flip-flops are seen in the following table

FLIP-FLOP LATCH
Flip-flop is a bistable device i.e., it has two Latch is also a bistable device whose states
stable states that are represented as 0 and 1. are also represented as 0 and 1.
It tests the inputs but only at times specified
It constantly tests the inputs and
by the clock signal or some other control
automatically responds to the input changes.
signal changes the output.
It is an edge triggered device. It is a level triggered device.
Gates like NOR, NOT, AND, NAND are
These are also made up of gates.
building blocks of flip flops.
They are categorized into flip-flops that are
Such a grouping of latches does not exist.
asynchronous or synchronous.
It forms the building blocks, like counters, of This may be used but are not commonly
many sequential circuits. preferred for constructing sequential circuits.
a, Flip-flop always have a clock signal latch doesn’t have a clock signal
Flip-flop can be built from Latches Latches can’t build from gates
Examples like : D Flip-flop, JK Flip-flop Examples like : SR Latch, D Latch