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Lab 6 and 7

This document discusses process management in Linux and network troubleshooting using the ping command. It explains how to check foreground and background processes using the "jobs" command. It also describes how to stop processes using Ctrl-Z and resume them using the "bg" and "fg" commands. The document further discusses using the "ping" command to check network connectivity and issues like packet loss. It lists some useful ping commands and options like "-c" to send a specific number of packets and "-i" to change the interval between packets.

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Fahad Mazhar
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8 views3 pages

Lab 6 and 7

This document discusses process management in Linux and network troubleshooting using the ping command. It explains how to check foreground and background processes using the "jobs" command. It also describes how to stop processes using Ctrl-Z and resume them using the "bg" and "fg" commands. The document further discusses using the "ping" command to check network connectivity and issues like packet loss. It lists some useful ping commands and options like "-c" to send a specific number of packets and "-i" to change the interval between packets.

Uploaded by

Fahad Mazhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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*********************Process Management*****************

* Today we wil learn abouts process managements on linux.

* There are certain processes (Jobs) that are run on linux as foreground,
background.

* First of all we will check the background or foreground jobs.


" jobs " It will show no process or job. Because there is no active
job. We did'nt provide him a any job.

* Now we will sleep the system for 10 secnds.


"Sleep 10s" It will stuck for 10 seconds.

* If we want to stoped the job we will just press " Ctrl z " Now my
process has been stopped.

* We can check stoped job by using "jobs" command.


Here it will show job name (Sleeep 10s) , Job ID and Its status
(Stopped).

* Now we will resume the job by using two commands:-


1. bg (Background)
2. fg (Foreground)

* BG command will execute the job on background and we can perform


another task of process or job.
We don't need to wait the execution of job which is running on background.
After sucessfully run it will show Done by checking its status using "jobs".

* While on the other hand FG command will resume the job and terminal
will not allow you start another job untill job 1 execute sucessfully.

* Now we have multiple jobs and we stopped all of these jobs.


We sleep the system for 40s, 15s, and 50s and stopped them.

* Now i have three jobs pending.


1. Sleep 40s Stopped
2. Sleep 10s Stopped
3. Sleep 50s Stopped

* If i want resume the 2nd job i will use following command.

* We will use command "fg %2" It will execute the 2nd job.

**************** What is NICE Value************

* NICE VALUE
Niceness scale goes from -20 to +19. Lower the number more priority that task
gets.

Process priority = nice


(ex: nice -n 5 process)

***********Network Troubleshooting*********

* Suppose that any person XYZ in an oganization doing a job of system and
network administration.
His boss wants to check the server connectivity status and he asked the XYZ
person to check the status. That person will use the following command.
" ping 192.168.29.41 " It will check the connectivity status. After
sometime press CTRL C for showing the status. (Destination host unreachable)
100 % Packet loss.
His Boss will appreciate his effort to his job.

So that we can check our own connectivity status by using our IP


address
" ping IP Address" or "ping www.facebook.com"

* So the full form of PING is "Packet Inter Net Global"

* PING command actually used for


1. Check Network Connectivity
2. Check Internet connection
3. Check network unterface card
4. Check latency on network
5. DNS Resolution

*>> Connectivity by PING

1. 100 % packets receive maans that connection successful.

2. Server down means that your system can not reach to the
server. It will show destination unreachable " ping unknown IP "

3. It can also a possibility that your network may not perform


well.

4. 50 % packet loss means that, There is a too much traffic on


a network. For example you send request to server and it return only 2 packets
instead of 5 packets. It depends on bandwidth.
Like "ping www.google.com" After some time it will press "CTRL C" and
it will shows that
9 packet transmitted, 3 packet recieved.

*>> Some Usefull commands of PING

1. ping -c 3 IP
"ping -c 3 www.google.com" It will send 3 packets to
the server and show reults.

2. Ping -i 2 IP
" ping -i 2 www.google.com" It will send packets to
the server after 2 second. and press CTRL C to show reults.

3. ping -c 5 q IP
"ping -c 5 -q www.google.com" It wil send 5 pakets to
google server and return only summary of the results.
4. Ping -f IP (Only for root user)
"ping -f www.google.com" It will send the packets
more fastly and press CTRL C to check the data packets.

5. Ping -a IP
"ping -a www.google.com" It will generate sound after
each packet send.

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