3.

TÉTEL
CONVERSATION
Nowadays divorce is getting more and more widespread. It seems to be the most common way to solve
family problems.
1) What is the most common reason for divorce in your opinion?
Different priorities and interests can be the most common reason for divorce. Having shared interests and
exploring (feltárása) them together is essential for a successful marriage. Unless (hacsak) couples can find
common (gyakori) passions (szenvedélyek) and look for ways to experience them together they will grow farther
(messzebb) and farther apart (egymástól). According to my experiences the reason of the divorce that people are
thoughtless (meggondolatlanok). I mean, they think about a decision for a little while and make decisions
quickly, like the marriage. Today is much easier to get divorced than some decades ago and getting divorced
also more widely accepted. Some people get married when they are too young or they do not know each
other well enough. They realize that what they want to do with their lives is different from what their
spouses want. For example, one wants to build a career and the other would like to have children and happy
life.
2) How can conflicts and lack of (hiánya valaminek) communication lead to divorce?
Inability (képtelenség) to resolve conflicts can be another cause. Many people find it hard to see the other
person’s point of view, which leads to a lot of arguments without ever coming to resolution. Continuous
arguments kill many relationships. Couples who have the same argument over and over again, often do so so
because they feel they’re not listened to or appreciated (értékelni). Communication is crucial (alapvető) in
marriage and the lack of effective communication quickly leads to resentment (neheztelés) and frustration.
These negative feelings impact (hatás) all aspects (szempontok) of a marriage.
3) What role can finances (pénzügyek) play in divorce?
Sometimes it is the lack of money that triggers a divorce, but in many cases, it is the lack of compatibility in
money management. Opposites can attract (vonz) but when two people are opposites in finances, divorce
often results. If ove is a saver and the other is a spender, one is focused on the future while the other believes
in living for today. One has no problem buying on credit, while the other believes saving up. Over time, this
conflict can reach such heights that divorce seems to be the only logical conclusion. Luckily, me and my
husband have same opinion about out finances, so there is agreement between us.
4) In what cases can divorce be the best solution to marital (házassági) problems?
There are some cases when, unfortunately divorce is the only way out, such as domestic violence (családon
belüli erőszak), serial cheating on or bullying (zaklatás) your spouse (háztartás). Having different expectations
(elvárások) of marriage can also cause unresolvable conflicts. In such cases getting divorced and finding
someone else who is more like-minded (hasonló gondolkodású) is the only solution. I think if the people have
enough time to know each other, they know something about what is needs to the other person and what is
bad for the other person.
5) What financial difficulties may occur after divorce?
Finances suffer during and after divorce. Fathers have to pay child support, and is come cases, spousal
(háztartás) support. Divorced women’s income can drastically decrease after divorce and some of them can
fall into poverty (szegénység). Quite a lot of divorced mothers don’t receive full payment of child support.
Most men experience a loss in their standard of living in the years after a divorce, as well.
6) What problems must children face during and after divorce?
Divorce is almost always stressful for children. Most children do not want their parents to separate and some
of them blame (feddés) themselves for the divorce. Divorce can also strain parent-child relationships (szülő-
gyemek kapcsolatok) and may lead to losing contact each one parent. Divorce clearly increases the risk that
children will suffer from psychological and behavioural problems. Troubled (zavaros) children are
particularly likely develop problems with anger and disobedience (engedetlenség). School achievement can
also suffer. Some children may become depressed, anxious (aggódó), or perhaps overly responsible (túl felelős)
kids, who end up caring for their parents instead of getting cared for by them. However, in my opinion,
divorce can also be good for children. In many cases, if the conflict between the parents ends, the children
will also have a more balanced life.

DEBATE
Zoos are blessing for animals
You will have a conversation with your examiner about the above statement. Give your opinion and argue
for or against the proposition (javaslat). Your examiner sometimes contradict (ellentmond). React to the
counter-arguments (ellenérv) of your examiner, too. You have 30 seconds to think you points over.
The following points may help you:
 captivity (fogság)
 extinction (kihalás)
 breeding (tenyésztés)
 education and entertainment (szórakozás) opportunities (lehetőség)
Arguments
Pros Cons
The biggest problem that comes with keeping
Zoo animals are supervised by zookeepers and get animals in zoos is the confined (korlátozott) spaces
proper (megfelelő) nutrition and medical care. where the animals are forced to (kényszerül valamire)
live.
Natural animal behaviour changes in zoos, which
Zoo animals may not survive in the wild. Animals
can endanger (veszélyeztetni) the overall well-being of
born in zoos may be released (szabadon engedni) later.
all the resident (lakos) animals.
For many species zoos can be the only chance to
Being released to the wild can risk their survival as
avoid (elkerülni) extinction sine they are still
they do not have the natural capabilities (képességeit)
huntered by poachers (orvvadászok) for their skins,
to hunt for themselves.
bones and other by-product (termékek).
Zoos also provide (biztosítani) education and research
Animals can’t follow their natural instincts
opportunities by allowing children and adults to
(ösztönök) and roam (kóborolni) or migrate (vándorolni)
observe (megfigyelni) wild animals up close (közleről),
in zoos.
which can create a positive attitude to animals.
It is generally (általában) believed that animals are
Zoos also allow researchers and scientists to captured and placed in captivity for the sole
perform studies (tanulmányokat végezni) to better help (egyetlen) purpose (célja) of human amusement
us understand the way animals work. (szórakoztatás). It is one of the main reasons for the
existing (létező) anti-zoo campaigns.
Zoos also concentrate on captive (fogoly) breeding Offspring (utódok) are normally kept at the same zoo
programmes, which are implemented (végrehajtva) to or simply moved to another one, which does
help preserve (megőrzi) animals that have decreased nothing for the number of the species (faj) in the
in number. wild.
S: I disagree with this statement because there are many problems that come with keeping animals in zoos.
One of them is the confined (korlátozott) spaces where the animals are forced to live, unlike their natural
habitats, where they can roam freely. This is even worse for animals that need to migrate and move around a
lot.
E: I agree with you, but in return they are supervised by zookeepers and get proper nutrition and medical
care.
S: It is true, but natural animal behaviour changes in zoos. Captured (elfogott) animals that are brought (hozott)
to the zoos tend to (hajlamosnak lenni valamire) develop behavioural problems, which cause concern (vonatkozik)
for the overall well-being of all the resident animals.
E: You might have a point there, but these animals may not survive in the wild. Ont he other hand, animals
born in zoos may be released later.
S: You are probably right, but being released to the wild risks their survival as they do not have the natural
capabilities to hunt for themselves.
E: I can happen, for many species it can be the only chance to avoid extinction.
S: I see, but I still think that out in the wild some animals would have a very small chance to survive,
especially those on endangered list, since these animals are still hunted by poachers for their skins, bones
and other by-products. Pollution destruction (pusztítás) of their habitats, high level of competition for food or
diseases make it even harder.
E: I see what you mean, but we still must do our best to fight extinction and protect biodiversity. Zoos also
provide education and research opportunities by allowing children and adults to observe wild animals up
close, an opportunity that is normally not possible for many people. Zoos also allow researchers and
scientists to perform studies to better help us understand the way animals work. This could be helpful in
saving more of them.
S: I see your point, but still there is the common (gyakori) belief (hit) that animals are captured and placed in
captivity for the sole purpose of human amusement. It is one of the main reasons for the existing anti-zoo
campaigns.
E: I disagree with you, since zoos also concentrate on captive breeding programmes, which are implemented
to help preserve animals that have decreased in number. Also there are strict regulations (előírások) set on
(beállított) zoos, which require regular check-ups (ellenőrzések) on resident animals.

S: You are right, zoos are really trying to do their best to animals mate (párosodni), however, their offspring
are normally kept at the same zoo or simply moved to another one, which does nothing for the number of the
species in the world.
E: You might be right, but I still think that zoos do more good than them.

INDIVIDUAL LONG TURN

These pictures show different aspect of pollution. Look at the pictures and speak about possible causes and
consequences of air, land, soil, radioactive, and water pollution. When you have finished talking, the
examiner may ask you a few questions.
Some parts of the world are repeatedly affected by food shortages (hiányok) and widespread malnutrition.
About one in nine people in the world do not have enough food to lead a healthy active life. Poor nutrition
causes nearly half of deaths in children under five. Hunger does not only mean the lack of access to food,
but also to essential nutrients.
Genetically modified food could be a solution to the problem of world hunger. Genetic modification is
usually done to increase the overall food production. GM crops have the ability to produce bigger yields, so
it is easier to harvest more crops on a smaller piece of land with GM crops than with normal crops. Also,
GM foods are engineered to include additional nutrients that may offer additional (további) health benefits
(előnyöket).

Due to the genes added to GM crops, they need much fewer resources (erősforrások) such as water and other
soil nutrients, so they can conserve energy, soil and water resources. GMOs also have a positive impact
(hatás) on the environment since they improve (javítani) the soil quality. Moreover, GM crops are more
resistant to pests (kártevők) and weeds (gyomok). That means farmers have to apply fewer pesticides (rovarirtók)
or herbicides (gyomritó szerek) to their crops, which increases the health benefits of the food. The additive
genes can also help reduce some of the allergies that different food can cause. This may help further (további)
improve the health benefits of the crop.
However, there is a strong opposition to the widespread use of GM food, saying that they have undergone
(átesett) little rigorous (szigorú) and no long-term (hosszútávú) safety testing, so we do not have a clear picture of
the long-term consequences of consuming (fogyasztó) GM food. Genetic modification can incorporate
(beépíteni) foreign genic material from viruses to bacteria into crops, with unpredictable (előre nem látott)
consequences. For example, some of the additive genes in these crops max end up in the soil or get into
other crops that grow in the same soil. This max affects the growth and production of these crops. GM food
is sometimes consumed by animals. When this happens, it may end up affecting the composition of the
animal protein that may negatively affect human health. The additives may also find their way into weeds.
This may create resistant weeds that refuse (megtagadja) to go away. The modified genes in the food may
sometimes affect the original taste of the food.

Questions
1) What do we mean by world hunger?
Some parts of the world are repeatedly (többször) affected by food shortages (hiányok) and widespread (széles
körben elterjedt) malnutrition (alultápláltság). About one in nine people in the world do not have enough food to
lead a healthy active life. Poor nutrition causes nearly half of deaths in children under five.
2) What are the possible consequences of hunger and malnutrition?
Genetically modified food could be a solution to the problem of world hunger because genetic modification
is usually done to increase the overall (átfogó) food production. GM crops have the ability to produce bigger
yields (termések), so it is easier harvest more crops on a smaller piece of land. I think Mother Teresa was right
too. She said that hunger is not on Earth because we would be unable to satisfy (képtelen kielégíteni) the poor,
but because we are unable to satisfy the rich.
3) What is the main reason for the genetic modification can you think of?
Today, those who directly see the most benefits from GMOs are farmers and agricultural companies
(mezőgazdasági vállalatok). As consumers (fogyasztó), we probably don’t perceive (érzékelni) direct benefits
(közvetlen előnyök) to ourselves just by picking the product up off the shelf. However, with many GM crops
there are secondary benefits that shoppers are unlikely (valósznűleg) to be aware of (tudatában lenni) by glancing
at items (a tárgyakra pillantva) in the aisle (folyosó), such as: lower cost, less soil erosion, less pesticide
application and others.
 4) What other benefits of genetic modification can you thing of?
I think GM crops are cheaper, more environmentally friendly (környezetbarátabb) to produce and can spread
more widely (széles körben el tud terjedni) in the world because there can be more to produce in the same
number of places. It is probably cheaper to buy.
5) Why is there a strong opposition to genetic modification?
There is a strong opposition to the widespread use of GM food, saying that they have undergone (átesett) little
rigorous (szigorú) and no long-term (hosszútávú) safety testing, so we do not have a clear picture of the long-
term consequences of consuming (fogyasztó) GM food.
6) What are some possible dangers of consuming GM food?
One specific concern (vonatkzoik) is the possibility (lehetőség) for GMOs to negatively affect human health.
This could result from differences in nutritional content (tartalom), allergic response (reakció), or undesired
(nem kívánt) side effects such as toxicity, organ damage (szervkárosodás), or gene transfer.

7) How can GM crops affect animals and other plants?

Genetic modification produces genetically modified animals, plants and organisms. If they are introduced
into the environment, they can affect biodiversity. For example, existing species (fajok) can be overrun
(túllépni) by more dominant new species. These and other potential effects are considered (figyelembe venni)
during the licensing procedure.