Jica Cost Estimate

COST ESTIMATION MANUAL
FOR PERFORMANCE BASED

ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT
Volume I — Manual for Cost Estimation Administrators
© Japan International Co-orporation Agency
Edition 1.1
Year of publication 2016
Nairobi
Artwork by John Agutu

Email: [email protected]
Printed by Franciscan Kolbe Press, P.O. Box 468 – 00217 Limuru KENYA
Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................................... v
Abbreviations and Acronyms........................................................................................................................ vi
Glossary of Terms ......................................................................................................................................... vi
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background and Objectives......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Structure of Cost Estimation Manual .......................................................................................... 1
1.3. PBC Works and Instructed Works .............................................................................................. 2
1.4. Cost Structure for Estimation ..................................................................................................... 3
1.5. Definition of SRUQ and P/R ........................................................................................................ 5
2. Role of Cost Estimation Administrator ................................................................................................ 5
3. PDCA Cycle for Cost Estimation ........................................................................................................ 6
4. Cost Estimation Methods of PBC Works............................................................................................. 7
5. Cost and Other Affiliated Surveys ....................................................................................................... 8
5.1. Unit Rates .................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1.1. Labour Cost ...................................................................................................................... 9
5.1.2. Vehicle Cost ...................................................................................................................... 9
5.1.3. Fuel Cost ........................................................................................................................... 9
5.1.4. Material Cost ..................................................................................................................... 9
5.2. Survey on 6 Major Labour Based Works ..................................................................................... 10
5.2.1. Productivity Survey ........................................................................................................... 10
5.2.2. Miscellaneous Cost Survey ................................................................................................ 18
5.3. Patrol and Self-Inspection (Self-Control Unit) Survey ................................................................. 18
5.4. Survey on Other PBC Works ...................................................................................................... 20
5.4.1. Damage Inventory Survey ................................................................................................. 20
5.4.2. Percentage Survey ............................................................................................................. 21
5.4.3. How Survey is Used in Cost Estimation............................................................................ 21
5.5. Survey on Percentage Add-ons on Indirect Cost and Overhead & Profit ................................... 22
5.6. Survey on Standardized Quantities-for 6 Major Labour Based Works........................................ 22
6. Analytical Results Based on Surveys Conducted .................................................................................. 26
6.1. Unit Rates .................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2. SRUQs for 6 Major Labour Based Works ................................................................................... 26
6.3. Data on Percentage Add-ons on Indirect Cost and Overhead & Profit ...................................... 30
6.3.1. Indirect Cost ..................................................................................................................... 30
6.3.2. Overhead & Profit ............................................................................................................. 30
7. Manual Revisions ................................................................................................................................. 30
VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS iii

CONTENTS
Appendix 1 COST Estimation System 2015 For Cost Estimation Administrators .................................... 31
Appendix 2 Cost Estimation Parameters 2015.......................................................................................... 46
Appendix 3 Concept of SRUQ / Productivity Rate (P/R)........................................................................... 49
Appendix 4 Form 1 Site Layout ................................................................................................................. 52
Appendix 5 Form 2 Work Record Form ................................................................................................... 53
Appendix 6 Form 3 Productivity Survey Summary Form (Excel).............................................................. 54
Appendix 7 Information on Volume 3 for Contractors’ Reference Use .................................................... 55
Appendix 8 Training Results for PR Survey done by JICA/KRB in September and October 2015 ............. 56
Appendix 9 Recommendations by KRB on Indirect Cost, Overhead/Profit and Build-up of Unit Rates ... 92
iv COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

Foreword
The concept of performance based contracting in road maintenance and management has been adopted in
Kenya and was commenced in 2010 on a pilot basis. However, the method of estimating cost of works under
performance based contracts was not clear as it was based on traditional method of road maintenance. It was
therefore noted that a more scientific and accurate way of cost estimation of PBC road maintenance contracts
need to be formulated since these types of contracts differ from the traditional maintenance contracts. To
this end, JICA under the Project for strengthening of capacity on road maintenance and management through
contracting (phase 2), embarked on the noble task of developing this manual.
The manual has been prepared based on surveys conducted on the ongoing performance based contracts and
wide stakeholder consultations. The manual does not only provides scientific method of estimating the cost of
PBC road maintenance works but also provides survey techniques for collection of data necessary for regular
updating of the manuals. The manual consist of three volumes. Volume 1 is tailored to be used by the Road
Administrator (KRB) who provide estimation parameters and will be in charge of updating of the database. Volume
2 will be used by the road authorities for estimation of Project Cost i.e. determining the ceiling price for purposes
of budget allocation, planning and tendering. Volume 3 has been prepared specifically for contractors who will be
interested in tendering for PBC works. In volume 3, a deliberate move was taken to exclude information on unit
prices and percentages of indirect cost, overheads/profits which the contractors are required to provide during
the tendering processes. A computer program known as COSTES for PBC 2015 was also developed with data
collected from surveys on the ongoing PBC contracts. The computer program will be used with the manual to
ease rigorous computation processes. Explanations on how to operate the program have been appended in the
manual.
It is hoped that this manual will be very useful in implementation of this new concept of road maintenance and
will be beneficial to both the clients and the contractors.
I urge all stakeholders to make proper use of the manual in costing of PBC road maintenance works to arrive at
more accurate cost of PBC contracts, thus guaranteeing value for money and best return to the taxpayer.
Finally, I recognize and acknowledge with appreciation the National Working Group and Sub-Working Group
members who provided their valuable advice through a series of meetings during the period of formulating this
manual. I am particularly grateful to the JICA team for their technical assistance in achieving this milestone and
for their overall assistance in capacity building for road maintenance and management. Special gratitude goes to
all road authorities and other government agencies which include KRB, KeNHA, KURA, KeRRA, KWS, KIHBT,
NCA and PPOA for their valuable support in the development of this manual.
Eng. Patrick Mwinzi

Chief Engineer (Roads)
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS v

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS / GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Abbreviations and Acronyms

IMP — Initial Mobilization Period
P/R — Productivity Rate
RA — Road Authority
RMP — Routine Maintenance Period
SRUQ — Standard Resource Usage per (Unit) Quantity
Glossary of Terms
Actual Quantity Refers to the actual quantity of work and service for each service criteria
executed by the contractor to achieve the specified service level.
Simple Quantity Refers to the targeted quantity of work and services for each service criteria
to be executed by the contractor as per the contract drawings.
General Maintenance Refers to all works and services (mainly off-carriageway) required to be
performed by the contractor under the performance based contract.
Initial Mobilization Period This is the period during the initial stages of the contract when the contractor
makes interventions to bring the road to maintainable conditions.
Routine Maintenance Period This is the period after the expiry of the initial mobilization period when
the contractor undertakes routine maintenance activities.. The activities are
performed to maintain the performance standards of the road and to achieve
specified service levels.
vi COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction
1.1 Background and Objectives

Performance Based Contract (PBC) is a new type of contract, which was introduced in Kenya recently but is
increasingly becoming very common as a contract method for road maintenance. The main payment method
in PBC projects is based on a km-lump sum utilizing set service levels to be achieved by contractors. PBC is a
term contract which covers both the wet seasons when frequent works are required, and the dry seasons when
lesser works may just be sufficient. In spite of the widespread use of PBC’s in road maintenance, no standard
cost estimation method has been developed. This creates a situation that no scientifically based judgment can be
made when the Engineer’s cost estimate is very different from the actual tender price.
Therefore, the need for development of such standard cost estimation method is vital for sustainable application
of PBC. Utilizing the standard cost estimation method is one of the basic fundamentals of project management of
PBC’s and will enable staff in various road authorities to have proper understanding of the tender price..
This Cost Estimation Manual for Road Maintenance under Performance Based Contract (hereinafter referred
to as “the Manual ”）aims to develop a scientific cost estimation method for PBC road maintenance using cost
breakdown sheets and standardized estimation procedures.
The Manual includes not only how to estimate costs but also provide information on survey methods required for
revisions and updates of various parameters such as the Standard Resource Usage per (Unit) Quantity (SRUQ)
and important cost items such as unit rates.
The Manual is in line with COST Estimation System for PBC 2015 (hereinafter referred to as “COSTES for PBC
2015”), the computer tool used for actual cost estimation exercises.
The Manual and COSTES for PBC 2015 are intended for use by engineers and managers who are responsible for
road maintenance in each road authority in Kenya, and who require scientifically based judgment when planning
and implementing PBC road maintenance projects.
1.2. Structure of Cost Estimation Manual

Three (3) Cost Estimation Manuals are prepared according to the purpose and user shown in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Structure of Cost Estimation Manuals
Vol Name of Manual User Objectives
1 Manual for Cost Estimation KRB Cost and Affiliated Surveys

Administrators Provision of Estimation Parameters
Update and Maintenance of Database and Manual
How to Revise Vol. 2 and 3
2 Manual for Government Cost Road Estimation of Project Cost for Budget Allocation
Estimators Authorities Estimation of Project Cost for Tender
and KWS
3 Manual for Contractors’ Contractors Estimation of Project Cost
Reference & Use
VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS 1

INTRODUCTION
1.3. PBC Works and Instructed Works

All current PBC projects in Kenya are composed of works and services related to Maintenance Services (hereafter
referred to as the PBC Works) and Instructed Works. Contractors have full responsibilities for works and services
required to bring up the road condition to the specified service levels. Contractors need to assess the existing
road condition and quantify the volume of the works and services required to achieve specified service levels.
The PBC Works mainly consists of:
1) Labour-based works and services such as repair and maintenance of drainage, vegetation, road
cleanliness, and provision of a Self Control Unit for self management of road maintenance; and,
2) Other works and services such as repair and maintenance of the carriageway and shoulders, repair of
structures, repair on road furniture, profile, width and embankment and slopes.
Table 1-2 PBC Works and Instructed Works
Work Type PBC Works Instructed Works
Payment Method Based on Km-Monthly Lump Sum Based on Bill of Quantities
Initiator Contractor Client
Based on the nature of various requirements, Instructed Works are a combination of the following works and
services as indicated in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3 Details of Instructed Works
Instructed Works Bill of Quantities Payment
Rehabilitation Works Prepared by the client Unit rate

• To bring the road up to the pre-defined standards at the start payment
of the PBC project. E.g. filling potholes, laying gravel wearing determined by
the contractor
course, repairing carriageway edges, reinstating road camber,
road furniture maintenance and repair, and repairing culverts as
may be required.
Improvement Works Prepared by the client Unit rate
• To add new characteristics to the road in response to new payment
traffic, safety or other conditions determined by
the contractor
Emergency Works Prepared by the client Unit rate
• To reinstate the road after damage has occurred as a result of payment
natural occurrences with unexpected consequences under the determined by
condition defined in the contract the contractor
This Manual has been prepared principally to estimate the cost of PBC Works for which no standard procedure
for cost estimation was addressed in the previously issued “Cost Estimation Manual for Road Maintenance Works
2011”, popularly referred to as the COSTES Manual 2011.
This Manual is a new edition and focuses exclusively on the PBC Works. It tries to correctly estimate labour-
based works and services based on surveys conducted on on-going PBC projects. The Manual therefore reflects
the result of the surveys and recommends methods of standard estimation procedures using the results obtained
2 COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

INTRODUCTION
from PBC projects undertaken in 2014 and 2015.

It is important to appreciate that some future projects may be different from those projects surveyed for the
purpose of determining various values incorporated into this Manual. For example, in projects surveyed, there
were no physical repairs of scour checks and headwalls, and no physical maintenance and repair of structures
and road furniture.
In such cases, the COSTES Manual 2011 should be used to correctly modify the cost estimation by incorporating
the additional costs for such physical repairs. Similarly, if a road authority is required to estimate the cost of
Instructed Works in addition to the PBC Works, the COSTES Manual 2011 should be used after correctly
assessing quantities of the Instructed Works required. In order that the Manual is useful for such cases, an attempt
has been made to allow adding such costs as deemed necessary from past experience/data, and collection of
estimates for such works, based on prudent judgment of the cost estimator. Default values set out in COSTES
for PBC 2015 may also be used.
1.4. Cost Structure for Estimation

The cost structure for estimation is shown in Figure 1-1 and the contents of each cost estimation element are
shown in Table 1-4. The Total Project Cost consists of four (4) cost components namely; a) Direct Cost, b)
Indirect Cost, c) Overhead & Profit and d) VAT. The total estimated cost is computed as the summation of all four
cost components. The project cost is the summation of three cost components excluding VAT.
c) Overhead & Profit

b) Indirect Cost
x = a+b+c
Total Project Cost
a) Direct Cost
X*16%
d) VAT
Note: Using the Framework of the COSTES Manual 2011
Figure 1-1 Principal Structure of PBC Cost Estimation

INTRODUCTION
Table 1-4 Contents of Cost Estimation Components
Components Cost Estimation Elements

Off Carriageway Maintenance costs which are required for the PBC Works such as
Maintenance Costs repair and maintenance of drainage, vegetation, road cleanliness
(6 Major Labour Based and provision of Self Control Unit for self-management of road
Works and Self Control maintenance.
Unit)
Direct Cost
Maintenance costs for the PBC Works such as repair of carriageway

Other PBC Works and shoulders, repair of structures, repair of road furniture, repair of
road profile and width, and repair of embankment and slopes.
Miscellaneous expenses and other costs which are required for proper
Miscellaneous Costs on-site control and provision of safety gears and devices for workers
and Others and necessary haulage cost for transporting labour, materials and
equipment from/to the site.
• Site Management Cost
Indirect Cost
• Site Staff Allowances Cost computation for these items is

• Site Staff Social Charges taken as a percentage of the Direct Cost
• General Safety Measures
• Human Resource Management Cost
• Head Office Management Cost
Overhead & Profit
• Head Office Staff Salaries and Allowances

• Cooperate Social Charges
• Research and Development
Cost computation for these items is taken
• Advertisement and Publicity
as a percentage of the sum of Direct Cost
• Depreciation Costs for Fixed Asset
and Indirect Cost
• Profit Margin
The structure of a typical project is shown in Figure 1-2 for cost estimation purpose under COSTES for PBC
2015. The Direct Cost in this case consists of PBC Works, Instructed Works and Haulage Cost.
Item Cost
Total Project Cost (VAT(16%) Inclusive) 12=10+11
Project Cost 10=7+8+9
Direct Cost 7=4+5+6
PBC Works 4=1+2+3
Patrol and Self Inspection under Road Safety 1
Major 6 Labor Based Work under Road Durability 2
4 3 2 1 Other PBC Works 3
Instructed Works 5
Haulage Cost of Major 6 Labor Based Work 6
Indirect Cost 8
Overhead & Profit 9
VAT(16%) 11
Figure 1-2 Cost Estimation Structure under COSTES for PBC 2015

ROLE OF COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATOR
1.5. Definition of SRUQ and P/R

Standard Resource Usage per (Unit) Quantity (SRUQ) is the ratio of the number of person-days divided by the
volume of work completed. On the other hand, Productivity Rate (P/R) is an inverse of SRUQ.
An example of SRUQ and Productivity Rate is illustrated in Figure 1-3.
Example:
Grass cutting of 10,000m2 is completed in 5 man-days. That is 5 persons each completing 2,000m2 on a given day.
SRUQ = 5 man-days/ 10,000 m2 = 0.0005 man-day/m2
Productivity Rate (P/R) = 2,000m2 / man-day
Figure 1-3 SRUQ and P/R
2. Role of Cost Estimation Administrator

The roles of a cost estimation administrator are as follows:
1 Conducting surveys on costs, establishing standard costs and updating of costs annually;
2 Conducting surveys on productivity, establishing productivity indices and updating of productivity
indices; and,
3 Management and updating of the Cost Estimation Manual

ROLE OF COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATOR
Table 2-1 gives the Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) cycle for cost estimation related activities
Table 2-1 PDCA Cycle for Cost Estimation Related Activities
Road
Item Contents Frequency
Authorities
Unit Rates Survey
(Coordination and
Indirect Cost and
referral with KNBS1 Every Year
Overhead & Profit
Cost index, etc）
C (Check) Surveys
Survey KRB
SRUQ(by work item)
Productivity Survey SRUQ(by Road Every Year
Revision
Authority)
Manual
A (Action) Manual Update (See 2.2) Every Year

Utilization
P (Plan) Planning the budget for next year projects Every Year KeNHA,
Manual
KURA,
D (Do) Cost Estimation for the project Every Year KeRRA, KWS
Note) SRUQ : Standard Resource Usage per (Unit) Quantity
3. PDCA Cycle for Cost Estimation

Scientific cost estimation is based on utilizing data collected from actual road maintenance sites. The Manual
should therefore be revised periodically so that data used are always current. Hence, the PDCA (Plan-Do-
Check-Action) cycle is introduced to express this periodic updating process. This process is to improve the
quality of the Manual by accumulation of basic data.
Figure 3-1 shows the Cost Estimation PDCA Cycle Schedule.
2015 2016 2017
July to Feb 3 4 5 6 July to Feb 3 4 5 6 7
Field
Cost Data Collection Cost Data Collection
survey
Data
analysis A
Manual
Revision Manual revision Manual revision
activity activity
New fiscal
year
manual
publication
Budgeting
Using 2015 manual Using 2016 manual
cost
estimation
for each
2015 manual 2016 manual 2017 B
contract
Figure 3-1 Cost Estimation PDCA Cycle Schedule

COST ESTIMATION METHODS OF PBC WORKS
4. Cost Estimation Methods of PBC Works

Cost estimation is performed in two stages.The first stage involves cost estimation of the PBC Works. The
contents of the PBC Works maybe split into three (3) categories as indicated in Table 4-1 based on cost elements
involved. The details of the Six (6) Major Labour-Based Works are indicated in Table 4-2.
Compatibility of such three categories in respect to the specific service scope are indicated in Table 4-3.
The second stage requires estimating the cost of the Indirect Cost and the Overhead & Profit
Table 4-1 PBC Works
No Categories Description Cost Element

1 6 Major Labour-Based Works Essentially the work is labour- Labour cost only. Vehicle and fuel
based and off-carriageway costs are included in Haulage Cost.
activity.
2 Patrol and Self-Inspection (Self For patrolling under Road Labour, vehicles and fuel costs.
Control Unit) Usability and for self-inspection.
3 Other PBC Works Works involving the carriageway Labour, materials, machineries and
and others. equipment. Vehicle and fuel costs
are included in Haulage Cost.
Table 4-2 6 Major Labour-Based Work
No Item
1 Grass Cutting
2 Cross Culvert De-silting
3 Catch Basin De-silting
4 Lined Side Ditch De-silting
5 Unlined Side Ditch De-silting
6 Carriage Way Cleaning
Table 4-3 Compatibility of the PBC Works and Service Scope
6 Major Labour Patrol and Self Other PBC

Category Service Scope
Based Works Inspection Works
Road Usability A) Road Usability O
B) Pavement, Shoulders and ROW for O ∆ O

Road User
Paved Roads (P-B-1) & Unpaved Roads (Cleanliness) (repairing
Comfort
(UP-B-2) items)
C) Drainage O ∆
D) Vegetation O ∆
E) Structures ∆ O
Road Durability
F) Road Furniture ∆ O
G) Profile and Road width ∆ O
H) Embankment and slopes ∆ O

COST AND OTHER AFFILIATED SURVEYS
5. Cost and Other Affiliated Surveys

This section covers cost surveys and other affiliated surveys, such as the productivity survey and the road facilities
survey which are required for updating the Manual by the cost estimation administrator.
1) Unit Rates
2) 6 Major Labour Based Works (Productivity)
3) Self Control Unit
4) Other Works
5) Percentages Based Indirect Cost, and the Overhead & Profit
6) Road Facilities (Survey for Assessing Associated Facilities Required for Maintenance)
Table 5-1 List of Cost Surveys
No Cost Surveys Purposes

1 Unit Rates For determining standard unit rates
2 6 Major Labour Based Work For determining productivity parameters. P/Rs
3 Patrol and Self Inspection (Self Control Unit) For determining productivity parameters
4 Other PBC Works For determining standard work information
For determining standard work quantities
For determining productivity parameters
5 Indirect Cost, Overhead & Profit For determining standard indirect cost percentages
Percentages For determining standard overhead & profit percentages
6 Road Facilities (Survey for Assessing For assessing quantities of associated facilities required for
Associated Facilities Required for maintenance
Maintenance)
5.1. Unit Rates

The unit rates survey is conducted by the cost estimation administrator so that each road authority may use
standard unit rates for the cost estimation purpose.
Unit rates for material, labour and machineries used for cost estimation by road authorities are basically derived
from official price information provided by several government offices. They are open to public and are based on
nation-wide market surveys. Hence they can be assumed to be the average rates in Kenya. They include:
Material Rates: Material Price List from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS)
Fuel Rates: Pump Price List from Energy Regulatory Commission, the Ministry of Energy.
Labour Rates: The Regulation of Wages (General) (Amendment)Order, The Labour Institution
Act, the Ministry of Labour
Machinery Rates: Equipment Hire Rate List from Mechanical and Transport Department, the
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
All labour, material and machinery rates should be surveyed by regions; big cities (example: Nairobi, Mombasa
and Kisumu) and all others.
Rates may be updated in an ad-hoc basis when substantial change takes place during the fiscal year (e.g. in case
of high inflation or embargo).
When some of material and machinery rates are not covered in official documents, average market rates acquired

from surveys by the cost estimation administrator or provisional rates by referring to similar items may be used.
However, those rates should be revised immediately the official rates become available.
For cost estimation using the Manual, collection of the unit rates indicated in Table 5-2 is required. These unit
rates apply for 6 Major Labour Based Works and Self Control Unit (Patrol and self-inspection), but these are not
applicable to the Other PBC Works.
Table 5-2 Unit Rates for Cost Estimation
No Category Item Unit Remarks

Labourers KSH/day
Foreman KSH/month
Supervisors KSH/month
1 Labour Cost SCU Leader KSH/month
SCU Inspector KSH/month
Driver KSH/month
Patrol Crew KSH/month
Truck KSH/month
2 Vehicle Cost Pick up KSH/month
Diesel, Gasoline KSH/litre
Diesel Km/litre
3 Fuel Cost
Gasoline Km/litre
5.1.1 Labour Cost

The unit rate for labourers will be determined based on the current regulation issued by the Ministry of Labour
on minimum wages. The minimum wage will be used. The unit rates for Labour Costs (excluding Labourers)
indicated in Table 5-1 will be determined by conducting Workers’ Wage Survey to check prevailing rates for each
position. Adequate data will be collected and the average value will be used as the unit rates for each worker
category. In case drastic regional disparity exists, adjustment will be made to compensate for such disparity in
certain regions.
5.1.2. Vehicle Cost

The unit rate (dry hire rate) for vehicles will be determined based on availability in the market. Adequate data
will be collected and the average value used as the unit rate. This survey may be supplemented by conducting a
survey on firms who own a fleet of vehicles on purchase basis and who apply a yearly depreciation cost as the
vehicle cost. In this case also, adequate data will be collected and the average value used as the unit rate.
5.1.3. Fuel Cost

The unit rate for fuel will be determined based on use of the latest Pump Price List issued by the Energy
Regulatory Commission.
5.1.4. Material Cost

Six (6) Major Labour Based Works do not have material costs. However, the Other PBC Works require unit rates
survey to determine various materials required for works.
Owing to variation in rates according to the location of the project, the result of the material cost survey must
be compiled according to regions. Adequate data will be collected and the average value used as the unit rate.

5.2. Survey on 6 Major Labour Based Works

The survey on 6 Major Labour Based Works is conducted by the cost estimation administrator so that each road
authority may use productivity parameters for the cost estimation purpose.
These are the Productivity Survey (SRUQ Survey and the Work Frequency Survey).
5.2.1. Productivity Survey
The Productivity Survey is conducted and the result is compiled for each road authority by the cost estimation
administrator.
5.2.1.1 Survey Procedure

In order to obtain precise cost estimation, it is important to understand the precise volume of work inputs such
as labour, materials and equipment resources for a volume of work output necessary to achieve the specific
service level. It is also important to understand the work frequency so that a volume of work output is computed
for achieving the specific service level.
For such, a productivity rate termed ‘Standard Resource Usage per (unit) Quantity (SRUQ)’ is computed for
each work by obtaining the actual productivity rate (P/R) on site.by collecting multiple samples and performing a
statistical analysis on the entire samples. The P/R is the inverse of the SRUQ.
 Productivity Survey for P/Rs
This is the survey to understand how much of work output is produced and completed for a given manpower.
Examples:
Work Output: Grass Cutting P/R: xx m2/ man day
Cross Culvert De-silting P/R: yy m/man day
Carriageway Cleaning P/R: zz m2/man day.
The procedure for conducting the survey is as follows;

1. The plan and cross-section of the road being maintained will be drawn. All pertinent features including
access drives, drainages, carriageways, vegetation zones and so on will be included.
2. The start point of each activity is marked with spray paint and recorded on the drawing with the start
time recorded.
3. Two types of forms are used; One for sketching the road plan and cross-section and the other for
survey recording. Both samples of completed forms are attached as Forms 1 and 2 in Figure 5-1
whereas completed filled in forms are shown in Chapter 5.2.1.4.
4. Measurement is done on completed sections for each activity at an interval of 1 hour. Dimensions to
be measured are the lengths, widths and depths. Measurement is conducted using a tape measure
(preferably 50m long). The end point for each completed activity in one hour is marked after the
measurement.
5. The number of workers assigned for each work output is recorded at the beginning of the survey.
Also the number of workers who have been re-assigned to work on a different work output should
be recorded.
6. Difficulty of work produced is classified into “Heavy”, “Normal” and “Light” based on the visual
inspection performed by surveyors and will be recorded in “Remarks”. These remarks will be referred
to when calculating three different levels of SRUQs. For details of each site work condition to Work

Difficulty Levels, please refer to Table 5-3.
Table 5-3 Work Difficulty Levels
Work Difficulty Level Site Work Condition Remarks

Heavy Very heavy work normally observed in Used for initial mobilization
(productivity: low) the initial mobilization period. period
Normal Moderate work volume mainly observed Used for the wet season
(productivity: normal) in the wet season
Light Light work volume mainly observed in Used for the dry season
(productivity: high) the dry season
7. Safety will be observed throughout the survey. Surveyors will always wear reflective safety jackets and
helmets to enhance safety. Surveyors are also required to be cautious of the traffic to avoid accidents.
8. Pictures are taken for each activity and grouped into respective roads. Pictures will be taken before,
during and after completion of every activity. Pictures are also taken to show how the survey was
carried out. Please refer to Chapter 5.2.1.3.
 Work Frequency
This is the survey to understand the number of frequencies required to maintain the work output to achieve the
prescribed service levels.
Examples:
Work Frequency: xx times /month, or yy times/day
This survey is performed based on interviews with contractors and also by continual monitoring of SRUQ survey
above.

Date: Start Time: End Time:
Location: Weather:
Form 1: Site Layout Sheet Produce 1)Typical Cross sections 2) Work Team Info 3) Work Items 4) Work
Progress per Hour and 5) Others by hand during the survey on site.
Date Weather
Location Contractor's Name
Work Item Number of Workers Start time End time Working Hrs Work Measurement
Form 2: Work Survey Form Produce 1)Start Time 2)End Time 3)Working Hours 4) Work Output 5) Remarks
by hand during the survey on site.

Form 3: Productivity Survey Summary Form: (For compiling survey data to calculate labour productivity- Yellow sections are to be filled with appropriate survey data.)
Location Client Site Weather Initial Mobilization Period / Routine Maintenance

Width of Road Width of Carriage Left Lined Ditch Right Lined Grass Cutting Width Total
0.00 m Number of Labors Men
Reserve (Wr) Way (Wc) (LL) Ditch (RL) (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Length
Asset Quantity Labour Input SRUQ

Simple Quantity Actual Quantity Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors (4) (5)
Simple Actual Remarks
Worked Items Q’ty working SRUQ SRUQ
Q’ty Unit Unit -Heavy nos nos nos (Equipment)
(Vol) hours (man day/ (man day/
Remarks -Normal Remark Qty) Qty)
-Light
a b c d e f j=e×f Man day
VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS
Grass Cutting(1) / Left m2 m2 GW x L

1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right m2 m2 GW x L
Pcs Pcs
Cross Culvert(1)
m m
2)
Pcs
Cross Culvert(2)
m
Catch Basin / Cover(1) Pcs
3)
Catch Basin / No cover(1) Pcs
Lined Side Ditch(1) m L
4)
Unlined Side ditch(1) m L
5)
Carriage De-sliting(1) m2 Lx1.0(m)

6)

Carriage De-sliting(2) m2 Lx1.0(m)
Total 0 0
0.0 1 day = 7 working hours
Note) To use one sheet per day Man day
To fill only the number of workers who are engaged in PBC works
Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site.
To specify structures to be maintained
To fill the maintained Q'ty which includes places/areas that don’t require any actual maintenance works
13
Figure 5-1 Standard Survey Forms for SRUQ survey (Forms 1, 2 and 3)
5.2.1.2. Data Transfer

Calculations to obtain the areas, volumes, total number of workers and hours worked are performed at the site
during the survey using Forms 1 and 2 above. The results are then transferred to Form 3 (Productivity Survey
Summary Form) from which the SRUQs will be computed. Please refer to Chapter 5.2.1.4 for completed/filled
in forms.
Such transfer of data and analytical services are explained in Chapter 6.
5.2.1.3. Photos of Productivity Survey
Processional way; Slashing of grass Measurement of slashing of grass
De-silting of drainage Measurement on De-silted drain
De-siltation of carriageway Measurement on de-silted carriageway.
De-siltation of drainage and cleaning of carriageway Measurement of completed section

5.2.1.4. Sample Forms
Form-3
Productivity Survey Summary Form Labor Based Works
Location Nairobi Client KURA Site Elgeyo Marakwet Road Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance No. 37
Width of Road Width of Carriage Way Left Lined Ditch Right Lined Grass Cutting Width Number of
19.0 m 6.6 m 0m 0m (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL)
12.40 m Total Length 621 m 4 men 3/13/2015
Reserve (Wr) (Wc) (LL) Ditch (RL) Labors
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
(man day/Qty) (man day/Qty) (Equipment)
Q'ty Unit Q'ty (Vol) Unit nos nos nos working hours
-Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
a b -Light c d e f j=e×f Man day ps = j / 7a pa= j / 7b
Grass Cutting(1) / Left m2 GW x L m2 Normal 0 0

1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L m2 0 0
Pcs Pcs 0 0
Cross Culvert(1)
m m Light 0 0
2)
Pcs Pcs 0 0
Cross Culvert(2)
m m 0 0
Catch Basin / Cover(1) Pcs Pcs 0 0

3)
Catch Basin / No cover(1) Pcs Pcs 0 0
Lined Side Ditch(1) 621.2 m L 350.2 m Light 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0009 0.0016

4)
Lined Side Ditch(2) 621.2 m L 522.9 m Light 1 4.167 4.167 0.595285714 0.0010 0.0011
Unlined Side ditch(1) m L m Normal 0 0

5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) m L m 0 0
Carriage De-sliting(1) 621.2 m2 Lx1.0(m) 184.6 m2 Normal 1 4.5 4.5 0.642857143 0.0010 0.0035
6)
Carriage De-sliting(2) 621.2 m2 Lx1.0(m) 178.1 m2 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0009 0.0032
Total 4 16.667 16.667

Note) To use one sheet per day 2.4 1day = 7 working hours
To fill only the number of workers who are engaged in PBC works Man Day
Note) To use one sheet per day
17
5.2.2. Miscellaneous Cost Survey
Miscellaneous cost is a cost required to: 1) obtain necessary tools and equipment for carrying out the work; 2)
acquire safety equipment and gears; and 3) acquire tools and equipment for inspection. An example is indicated
in Table 5-4 below.
The Manual recommends the value of 5% on top of the total labour cost. However, this can be improved by
conducting the Miscellaneous Cost Survey to determine the standard percentage based on each road authority,
region and contract.
Table 5-4 Example of Miscellaneous Cost
Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

Safety Jacket Pcs 100 300 30,000 100pcs/year
Helmet Pcs 100 1,000 100,000 100pcs/year
Safety Boots Pcs 100 2,500 250,000 100pcs/year
Safety Cones Pcs 20 250 5,000 60pcs/3years45
Grass Slasher Pcs 200 700 140,000 200pcs/year
Wheel barrow Pcs 40 3,000 120,000 40pcs/year
Shovel Pcs 20 500 10,000 20pcs/year
Hoe Pcs 20 800 16,000 20pcs/year
Fork foe Pcs 10 1,000 10,000 20pcs/2years
Pick-axe Pcs 2 800 1,600 6pcs/3yeas
Rake Pcs 20 300 6,000 20pcs/year
Broom Pcs 600 150 90,000 50pcs/month
Machete Pcs 5 600 3,000 5pcs/year
Tape Measure Pcs 2 200 400 2pcs/year
Total 782,000 (a)
% 5.0% (a)/(b)%
Foreman Man days 30,000 450 13,500,000 100*25days*12mths
Supervisor Man months 40 40,000 1,600,000 3.33*12mths
Foreman Man months 13.3 50,000 665,000 1.11*12mths
Workers Total 15,765,000 (b)
5.3. Patrol and Self-Inspection (Self-Control Unit) Survey

In order to obtain precise cost estimation, it is important to understand the precise volume of work inputs such
as labour, materials and equipment resources for a given volume of work output under Self-Control Unit. It is
also important to understand the work frequency so that a given volume of work output is performed to achieve
the prescribed service level.
A survey is required to determine how the Self Control Unit is utilized in on-going projects. The scope of such
a survey is indicated in Table 5-5.
The team formation illustrated in the PBC Guideline is indicated in Figure 5-2. Similarly in
Table 5-6, the required set up for patrolling and self-inspection is indicated.
The additional survey is required to either maintain or modify such team, vehicles and equipment formations for
more precise cost estimation as standard formation of the Self-Control Unit may be different for projects under
KeNHA, KURA, KeRRA and KWS.

Table 5-5 Patrol and Self-Inspection (Self Control Unit) Survey
Activities Survey Items Remarks

Patrol Team Formation, Vehicles and Equipment According to road authorities and types of roads
Frequency
Self-Inspection Team formation, Vehicles and Equipment Same as above
Frequency
Documentation Details of Work Inputs Required In case of a project with extraordinary inputs required,
an extra cost may be required other than the cost
included under the Indirect Cost
Client/Road Authority
– Project Manager
– Assistants
Formal
Inspection
Contractor
Self-Control Unit
Corrective (SCU Leader & SCU Inspector)
– Data collection/data
Order
collection coordination
– Communication
Payment – Patrol
– Self Inspection
Road Manager
Execution Units
(Foreman, Supervisor, Worker)
– Execution of work
– Progress control
– Quality control
– BoQ works
Figure 5-2 Example of Self Control Unit Structure
Table 5-6 Staffing Structure of Self-Control Unit
Number of staff (Depends on the

road type and complexity)
Position Task Requirements
Up to Up to Over
10km*1 50km*2 50km*3
Coordination of data Trained in PBC,
1 SCU leader collection, Report, Experience more than 5 years in 1 1 1
communication road construction and maintenance
2 SCU Inspector Data collection Experience more than 3 years in
0 1 2
Patrol road construction and maintenance
*1 Up to 10km: SCU leader conducts both patrol and self-inspection (1 vehicle required)
*2 Up to 50km (standard) : SCU leader conducts patrol and self-inspection with one inspector (1 vehicle required)
*3 Over 50km: SCU leader and an assistant conduct patrol and self-inspection. An inspector conducts patrol in other roads under
contract at same time (2 vehicles required).

5.4. Survey on Other PBC Works

This section covers the survey on the “Other PBC Works” which are also required to be undertaken under a
PBC project. They are non-labour based and SRUQs for 6 Major Labour Based Works do not apply. Components
of the Other Major PBC Works are indicated in Table 5-7 with information required for cost estimation.
Table 5-7 Components of Other PBC Works
Items Check Items for Cost Estimation
Repair of Carriageway Simple Quantity, Period of Maintenance, Age of Road, Number of Lanes, Thickness of
Asphalt Pavement, Damage Inventory, Probable Quantity
Repair of Shoulder Simple Quantity, Period of Maintenance, Age of Road, Thickness of Asphalt Pavement,
Damage Inventory, Probable Quantity
Repair of Structures Simple Quantity, Period of Maintenance, Damage Inventory, Probable Quantity
Repair of Road Furniture Simple Quantity, Period of Maintenance, Damage Inventory, Probable Quantity
Repair of Profile and Road Width Simple Quantity, Period of Maintenance, Damage Inventory, Probable Quantity
Repair of Embankment and Slopes. Simple Quantity, Period of Maintenance, Damage Inventory, Probable Quantity
The Manual proposes three ways of cost estimation for Other PBC Works and surveys to obtain data/informa-
tion to enable such cost estimation must be conducted. It is important to understand the precise volume of work
inputs such as labour, materials and equipment resources for a volume of work output to achieve the specific
service levels as well as the volume of work output itself are important. However, we must acknowledge that it is
understandably difficult to determine the volume of the work output for each work on its own. Therefore, collec-
tion of damage inventory and computation of damage probabilities through this survey becomes important as well.
5.4.1. Damage Inventory Survey
By understanding the past maintenance record of damages and compiling them into the damage inventory, the
probability of each repair such as pothole repair, rutting repair, shoulder repair and road furniture repair can be
placed in a database to be provided by the cost estimation administrator.
This probability of each repair is termed as the damage probability and the probable quantity may be computed
by multiplying the simple quantity and the damage probability of repairs necessary under Other PBC Works by
the cost estimator from information in the database.
For compiling the damage inventory, the following survey needs to be established completely from scratch as
no information is available in Kenya at this moment. The damage inventory survey is conducted in the following
order:
1. Selection of Roads for Obtaining Damage Inventory
The selected road should possess typical features of roads in Kenya which is being maintained under
PBC. The road authority in charge and the cost estimation administrator will need to agree that the
selected road will be used for the damage inventory throughout the duration of the PBC project.
2. Cooperation with PBC Contractor
The PBC contractor responsible for maintaining the road will be informed that the selected road
will be used as a model project for collection of the damage inventory for Other PBC Works, The
contractor will be informed of usefulness which the study will serve for the road authority.
3. Damage Inventory Survey
Based on the progress on site, the contractor will inform the representative of the road authority on
the volume of Other PBC Works which the contractor periodically carries out. The representative

will then pass the information to the cost estimation administrator. Inventories of repairs carried out
on damages will be recorded by the cost estimation administrator in a standardized form indicating
the magnitude of damage and ensuing details of repair recorded with the anticipated cost incurred by
the contractor. This is the input required for the damage inventory.
4. Compilation of Database
Upon completion of the PBC project, all information collected in the damage inventory under the
project can be compiled into a database by computing the number of damages recorded per project,
per year and per km/year. Computing the amounts required for repair recorded per project, per year
and per km/year for each work under Other PBC Works will also be made. This database will become
the damage probability database. In case, the model project is in multiple numbers, the database will
be more useful in future.
5.4.2. Percentage Survey
The percentage survey is a survey following the result of Damage Inventory Survey.
This is the survey using the database established under Damage Inventory Survey to quantify the cost required
for repair of damages as a percentage of the direct cost of the PBC project.
This survey may be carried out without using the result of Damage Inventory Survey by collection of data through
interviewing contractors undertaking PBC projects for which the Other PBC Works are a part of the scope.
5.4.3. How Survey is Used in Cost Estimation
For the Six (6) Major Labour Based Works and Self- Control Unit, quantification of work outputs are comparatively
simple as such works are of repetitive nature and one can be able to adopt standard work frequencies to obtain
work outputs.
For quantifying work outputs for “Other PBC Works”, a concept of probable quantities is introduced instead of
computing work outputs using work frequencies.
The probable quantity for Other PBC Works can be computed using the following formula:
Probable Quantity = Simple Quantity x Damage Probability
This is based on the understanding that various work outputs under Other PBC Works are of random occurrence
and the impact of damage is also inconsistent.
In case, the damage probability is set higher than the reality, cost estimation will be higher; and in case, that the
damage probability is set lower than the reality, cost estimation falls short of what is actually required. In order to
minimize occurrence of such, it should be high priority to collect vital information as quick as possible.
The Manual recommends that works utilizing such probable quantities should not be treated as Other PBC
Works, but as a part of Instructed Works so that the risk is borne by the road authority at this stage. This measure
should be taken until such a time that a stable database of Other PBC Works is available.
Example:
Pothole repair: Simple Quantity (Paved Area) 1,000m2×Damage Probability 5%
= Probable Quantity 50m2
Km Post repair: Simple Quantity (Km Posts) 100 nos. x Damage Probability 3%
＝Probable Quantity 3 nos,
Difference of cost computation method is indicated in Table 5-8.

Table 5-8 Cost Estimation Methods
No Categories Description Computation Method
1 6 Major Labour Based Essentially the work is off carriageway Quantity *×Productivity×Unit Rate×Work
Works (Table 4-2) and labour based. Frequency
(*length of drains, area of grass cutting etc.)
2 Patrol and Self-Inspection For patrolling under Road Usability Quantity *×Productivity×Unit Rate×Work
(Self Control Unit) and for self-inspection. Frequency
(* Road Length)
3 Other PBC Works Works involving non-labour based Probable Quantity = Simple Quantity x Damage
work. Probability
5.5. Survey on Percentage Add-ons on Indirect Cost and Overhead & Profit
This section covers the survey required to determine the percentage add-ons to determine the costs of Indirect
Cost and Overhead & Profit.
Indirect Cost and Overhead & Profit are the costs to cover items indicated in Table 1-4 and are generally
computed as percentages of: the Direct Cost for the Indirect Cost; and the sum of the Direct Cost and the
Indirect Cost for the Overhead & Profit. The percentages are generally smaller when the contract amount is
large and it is larger when the amount is small.
 Site Management Cost

Indirect Cost
 Site Staff Allowances

 Site Staff Social Charges Cost computation of these items are
 General Safety Measures a percentage of the Direct Cost
 Human Resource Management Cost
 Head Office Management Cost

 Head Office Staff Salaries and Allowances
Overhead & Profit
 Cooperate Social Charges

 Research and Development Cost computation of these items are
 Advertisement and Publicity a percentage of the sum of Direct
 Depreciation Costs for Fixed Asset Cost and Indirect Cost
 Profit Margin
The survey to understand what desirable percentages to apply must be conducted by the cost estimation
administrator. For deriving such percentages, the cost estimation administrator requires to conduct interviews
with PBC contractors to determine the amount the contractors actually incur as Indirect Costs and Overhead
& Profit in relation to the actual amount the contractor incurs on the Direct Cost. The survey needs to be
established completely from first principles as no information is available in Kenya at this moment.
In case the above survey is not possible, the percentage add-on can be established by collecting tendered prices
on recent road construction projects in Kenya as the benchmark. There are sums indicated in Bill No. 1 General
and Preliminaries which covers the cost of the indirect work. Normally, overhead & profit are spread all over
the bill of quantities. Since PBC projects do not require major site establishment costs, the percentage for road
construction project should be computed by deducting such site establishment costs from Bill No.1.
5.6. Survey on Standardized Quantities-for 6 Major Labour Based Works

In order to obtain precise cost estimation, understanding the volume of work outputs for road facility maintenance
is vital. However, this involves elaborate time consuming tasks. Sometimes the purpose of cost estimation may
not require such preciseness and a simpler way of obtaining work outputs will be required. In such a case, the
Manual recommends adoption of standardized quantities of work outputs for the six (6) Major Labour Based

Works on a Kilometre (KM) format. Such KM Standardized quantities are computed in simple quantity for each
road authority in this survey. Similarly, the percentage ratios of such simple and actual quantities for various road
facilities have been also computed by Productivity Survey so that the cost estimation method using only a project
length as an acquired parameter can be used. The details of cost estimation methods using KM Standardized
Quantities are explained in Vol. 2 for Government Cost Estimators together with other two methods.
This section covers the survey method for obtaining a list of standardized quantities for road facilities for each
road authority.
The survey for road facilities is conducted in the following order:
1. Selection of Roads for Obtaining Standardized Quantities
The selected road should possess typical features of roads in Kenya.
The selected road should be simple in its own nature and PBC is either being implemented or to be
implemented. Selected roads thus become the Standardized Road.
2. Selection of Survey Section
Survey sections will be selected taking into consideration that the section is simple in its own nature.
Either a section or sections maybe selected. However, each section should be at least 1km in length
and the total section should be between 3km to 5km in length.
These sections thus become the Standardized Road Section.
3. Computation of Simple Quantities for Each Road Facility
The Standardized Road Section will also be surveyed for simple quantities for each road facility, based
on the following computation methods
i. Grass Cutting: The length of the Standardized Road Section × (The road reserve – Carriage Way
– Side Walk – Lined ditch) See Figure 5-3.
ii. Cross Culvert: The total metre length of cross culverts regardless of whether maintenance is
required or not in the Standardized Road Section.
iii. Catch Basin: The total number of catch basins regardless of whether maintenance is required or
not in the Standardized Road Section.
iv. Lined Ditch: The total length of Lined Ditches regardless of whether maintenance is required or
not in the Standard Road Section.
v. Unlined Ditch: The total length of Unlined Ditches regardless of whether maintenance is required
or not in the Standard Road Section.
vi. Carriageway: The paved length of the Standardized Road Section ×1.0m × 2 × No of lanes.
(1.0m for de-silting purpose)
OUTER ZONE INNER ZONE VEGETATION FREE ZONE INNER ZONE OUTER ZONE
Note 1 (Unlined Ditch)
2m : Straight
/outside curve VEGETATION OUTER ZONE
5m : Inside Curve FREE NOZE (Lined Ditch)
Vegetation Free Zone

From Side or TOP
5.5m
Boundary
Boundary
Shoulder Carriage Way Shoulder
Lined/Unlined Ditch
Extend of control on some urban highways

See Note 2 See Note 2
Extent of control of on some non-urban highways
Note 1 Vegetation free zone must be maintained free of all vegetaiton

Note 2 These area must be maintained accrding to the local requirements
Figure 5-3 Typical Section for Grass Cutting Maintenance Work

5. Introduction of the Percentage of Actual Quantity/Simple Quantity

Based on Productivity Survey, the percentage ratios of such actual and simple quantities for various
road facilities can be computed. The result will be summarized in a format indicated in Table 5-9,
which was the result of the Productivity Survey performed in 2015.
By conducting the survey periodically, together with the Productivity Survey on the 6 Major Labour
Based Works, simpler and rough cost estimation can be completed in addition to more precise cost
estimation methods.
Table 5-9 Percentages of Actual Quantities/Simple Quantities
KeNHA
Item Unit (1) Simple Quantity/1km (2) Actual Quantity/1km (3) Actual/Simple %
1) Grass Cutting m 2
6055 2,018.3 33%
2) Cross Culvert Desilting M 100 64.5 64%
3) Catch Basin Desilting Pcs 10 3.3 33%
4) Lined Ditch Desilting M 200 99.5 50%
5) Unlined Ditch Desilting M 1400 496.5 35%
6) Carriageway Cleaning m2 2000 639.0 32%
KM Standardized Quantities for each road authority are indicated in Table 5-10. The KM Standardized Quantities
in a simple quantity format and the percentage of actual quantity/simple Quantity have been derived from the
survey. In addition, KM Standardized Quantities in an actual quantity have been computed.
In case some information is lacking from the survey due to unavailability of suitable projects in hand, a certain
common sense judgment must be provided during the survey analysis as outlined in Chapter 6.
Table 5-10 KM Standardized Quantities in a Simple Quantity for Each Road Authority (2015)
KeNHA
Item Unit Simple Quantity/1km Actual/Simple Actual Quantity/1km

Grass Cutting m2 6055 33% 2,018.3
Cross Culvert m 100 64% 64.4
Catch Basin Pcs 10 33% 3.3
Lined Ditch m 200 50% 99.3
Unlined Ditch m 1400 35% 496.2
Carriageway m 2
2000 32% 638.7
Note: Figures are from survey on the Paved Road.
KeNHA (2×2Lanes)

Grass Cutting m2
12110 33% 4,036.7
Lined Ditch m 400 50% 199.0
Carriageway m2
4000 32% 1,278.0

KURA
Grass Cutting m 2
6819 33% 2,273.0
Lined Ditch m 1400 50% 696.5
Carriageway m2 2000 32% 639.0
KeRRA
Grass Cutting m 2
2310 33% 777.0
Lined Ditch m 0 -
Carriageway m 2
0 -
Note: Figures are from survey on the Unpaved Road.
KWS
Grass Cutting m2 2310 33% 770.0
Catch Basin pcs 10 33% 3.3
Lined Ditch m 0 -
Carriageway m2 0 -
Note: Figures are from survey on the Unpaved Road.

ANALYTICAL RESULTS BASED ON SURVEYS CONDUCTED
6. Analytical Results Based on Surveys Conducted

This section covers analytical results required to be obtained by the cost estimation administrator using the data/
information obtained from Cost and Affiliated Surveys as explained in Chapter 4. These results are of paramount
importance for proper cost estimation by road authorities.
For traditional road maintenance, cost estimation involves identifying and quantifying work inputs required for
performance outputs, identifying applicable unit rates for work inputs and arriving at mathematical summation of
costs of all required work inputs using estimated quantities and unit rates.
For PBC road maintenance, cost estimation requires additional considerations to convert and break down service
levels into applicable outputs then down to work inputs. Suitable work frequencies for each output needs to be
identified so that specific service levels are maintained throughout the duration of the project.
The cost estimation administrator is required to determine and provide the following data for cost estimation to
be carried out by each road authority on a yearly basis, or as indicated otherwise in applicable sections.
i. Unit Rates applicable for the year of cost estimation
ii. Standard SRUQs for 6 Major Labour Based Works
iii. Data on KM Standardized Quantities and the percentage ratios of such actual and simple quantities for
various road facilities for 6 Major Labour Based Works
iv. Data on Self-Control Unit
v. Data on Other PBC Works
vi. Data on Percentage Add-ons on Indirect Cost and Overhead & Profit
6.1. Unit Rates

No specific analysis is required. Data obtained from the units rate survey will be used, Every year, the cost
estimation administrator must determine applicable unit rates and provide the data in a summarized format to all
road authorities. Please refer to Appendix 3 for the data applicable in FY 2015.
6.2. SRUQs for 6 Major Labour Based Works

Based on an agreed frequency, the cost estimation administrator must provide the data on the standard SRUQs
and P/Rs to all road authorities by conducting desk reviews.
From the Productivity Survey, field data must be compiled into an Excel sheet and analysis will be conducted
taking into consideration the various parameters affecting work productivity.
Under the 1st step, the result of the Productivity Survey is summarized into Table 6-1. Information on Simple
Quantity、Actual Quantity and labour work input required for 6 Major Labour Based Works and other project
information are then added. The level of Work Difficulty are added in three levels: Heavy, Normal, and Light
based on the survey. Whether the project is under the initial mobilization period or not, seasonal conditions will
be checked and recorded using this table.
At least two projects from each road authority will be selected. Each project will have several locations surveyed.

Summary of Survey Result Table 6-1 Result of Productivity Survey
Lined Side Ditch(1) Lined Side Ditch(2) Unlined Side ditch(1) Unlined Side ditch(2) Carriage De-sliting(1) Carriage De-sliting(2)
Grass Cutting 1 Grass Cutting 2 Cross Culvert(1) Catch Basin / No Cover(1) Catch Basin / No cover(2)
/de-silted volume /de-silted volume / de-silted volume / de-silted volume / de-silted area / de-silted area
Name of Project Length m 2
m 2
pcs pcs pcs m m m m m 2
m2
RA Main-
tained Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour
Person Person Person
Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day
day day day
1 Kirichwa(1) KURA 200.0 2,800.0 337.9 1.00 Normal 200.0 12.9 1.71 Normal 200.0 7.5 0.90 Normal 200.0 97.2 1.71 Normal 200.0 85.0 1.71 Normal
2 Kirichwa(2) KURA 370.5 4,075.5 664.9 3.57 Normal 1.0 1.0 1.14 Heavy 370.5 28.0 4.29 Normal 370.5 70.5 3.75 Normal 370.5 70.5 3.75 Normal
3 Kirichwa(3) KURA 303.0 3,333.0 168.8 0.29 Normal 3,333.0 178.2 0.14 Normal 303.0 189.0 2.57 Normal 303.0 110.0 1.71 Normal 303.0 90.0 0.86 Normal 303.0 43.4 0.57 Normal
4 Excel Industries KURA 331.0 331.0 39.0 0.86 Normal 331.0 29.0 0.86 Normal 331.0 50.0 0.48 Light 331.0 119.7 0.14 Light
5 Likoni Rd KURA 112.8 282.0 268.4 1.14 Normal 564.0 456.8 1.14 Normal
6 Dennis Prit Rd KURA 210.0 2,079.0 91.0 0.74 Normal 192.4 109.0 1.24 Normal 210.0 31.5 0.66 Normal 210.0 31.5 0.66 Normal
7 Dorobo Rd KURA 304.0 1,124.8 447.7 1.47 Normal 1,124.8 478.8 0.67 Normal 304.0 91.2 0.86 Normal 486.4 347.4 0.57 Normal
8 Jabavu Lane KURA 236.0 967.6 484.2 0.43 Normal 967.6 94.0 0.33 Normal 236.0 125.6 0.86 Normal 236.0 73.7 1.05 Normal 236.0 71.0 0.43 Normal 236.0 40.5 0.64 Normal
9 Theta Lane KURA 65.0 84.5 52.0 0.29 Normal 84.5 49.2 0.86 Normal
10 Processional Way 1st day KURA 483.4 5,680.0 873.5 1.14 Light 5,680.0 948.7 1.14 Light 483.4 483.4 0.29 Light 483.4 115.6 0.29 Light 483.4 119.7 0.57 Light
11 Processional Way 2nd day KURA 126.3 1,484.0 647.9 0.86 Normal 1,484.0 948.7 0.64 Normal
12 Ralph Bunche Rd KURA 352.6 4,513.3 350.3 0.29 Light 4,513.3 398.7 0.36 Light 352.6 64.0 0.29 Normal 352.6 211.6 1.00 Normal 352.6 154.7 0.71 Normal
13 Access to Excel undust1 KURA 435.5 435.5 88.3 0.52 Normal 435.5 266.6 0.29 Light 435.5 265.7 0.93 Light 435.5 44.1 0.14 Light
14 Access to Excel undust2 KURA 111.1 111.1 96.1 0.43 Light
15 Eastern Bypass service lane KURA 245.5 245.5 245.5 0.57 Light 245.5 54.0 0.29 Light
16 Excel Indust20150303(1). KURA 225.6 2,639.5 1,266.6 0.64 Normal 225.6 67.6 0.81 Normal 225.6 67.7 0.59 Normal 225.6 30.6 0.29 Normal
17 Excel Indust20150303(2). KURA 166.3 166.3 166.3 0.33 Light
18 eastern service lane KURA 169.0 169.0 169.0 0.86 Normal
19 Eastern Bypass (SL1) KURA 316.0 316.0 163.1 3.57 Normal
21 Link rd off airport n/s KURA 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.14 Heavy
22 Service lane near cabanas KURA 294.3 3,796.5 51.9 0.29 Normal 294.3 90.1 1.14 Light
23 Service Lane KURA 210.7 210.7 22.7 1.14 Light
25 Eastern Bypass SL KURA 77.6 77.6 46.9 1.79 Normal
26 Mombasa Rd-Eastern Bypass KURA 200.7 200.7 150.7 3.36 Normal
27 4th Ngong Avenue KURA 374.6 52.0 52.0 0.14 Light 70.2 70.2 0.14 Light 374.6 112.4 0.74 Normal
28 5th Ngong Avenue KURA 384.6 384.6 14.6 0.04 light 384.6 65.3 0.29 Normal
29 3rd Ngong Avenue KURA 158.7 53.1 53.1 0.05 Light 158.7 15.9 0.14 Normal 158.7 31.7 0.29 Normal
30 Jabavu Road KURA 667.5 1,802.3 25.0 0.02 Light 122.0 122.0 0.19 Light 667.5 209.9 0.71 Light 667.5 251.5 0.71 Light
31 1st Ngong Avenue KURA 320.0 320.0 84.9 0.25 Light 320.0 31.8 0.11 Light
32 3rd Ngong Avenue KURA 165.0 145.0 72.0 0.29 Light 165.0 82.5 0.14 Light
33 Muringa road KURA 272.7 886.3 40.0 0.07 Light 886.3 24.0 0.12 Light 272.7 159.4 0.36 Light 272.7 127.0 0.40 Light 272.7 72.7 0.29 Light 272.7 136.4 0.14 Light
34 Ndemi Road KURA 640.0 640.0 341.3 0.33 Light 640.0 205.8 0.33 Light 640.0 184.8 0.29 Light 640.0 188.7 0.29 Light
35 Statehouse Road KURA 1,499.2 1,499.2 456.7 0.57 Light 1,499.2 552.5 0.43 Light 1,499.2 449.8 1.14 Light 1,499.0 434.2 1.14 Light
36 Turbo Road KURA 435.6 53.9 53.9 1.57 Heavy 435.6 139.8 1.19 Normal
37 Elgeyo Marakwet Rd KURA 621.2 621.2 350.2 0.57 Light 621.2 522.9 0.60 Light 621.2 184.6 0.64 Light 621.2 178.1 0.57 Light
38 Makindi Rd KURA 498.6 498.6 96.8 0.36 Light 498.6 68.1 0.31 Light
39 Elgeyo Marakwet Rd KURA 79.8 79.8 69.4 0.10 Light
40 Gacharage-DB Thika KeRRA 39.7 39.7 39.7 1.05 Heavy
41 Kangema - Kiriaini Rd KeRRA 259.7 259.7 102.7 3.04 Heavy
42 Gacharage-DB Thika KeRRA 732.4 1,062.0 732.4 0.67 Light 1,062.0 664.7 0.52 Light 732.4 271.0 3.86 Heavy 732.4 195.5 3.86 Heavy
47 Kangema - Kiriaini Rd KeRRA 438.2 1.0 1.0 0.01 Light 438.3 158.7 2.23 Heavy
48 Gacharage-DB Thika KeRRA 150.1 1.0 1.0 0.09 Light 150.1 150.1 1.71 Heavy
50 Kisii-kilgoris(boroko) KeNHA 16.6 1.0 1.0 0.12 Heavy 16.6 16.6 4.70 Heavy
51 Kisii-kilgoris(Magena) KeNHA 4.3 4.3 4.3 7.28 Heavy
52 Kisii-kilgoris(Magena) KeNHA 5.8 3.3 3.3 4.57 Heavy 5.8 5.8 2.14 Heavy
53 Kisii-kilgoris(Ogembo) KeNHA 439.0 3,029.1 746.3 0.36 Light 3,029.1 867.1 0.36 Light
54 Kisii-kilgoris(Nyangusu) KeNHA 6.4 1.0 1.0 0.05 Heavy 6.4 6.4 3.39 Heavy
55 Kisii-kilgoris(Menyinkwa) KeNHA 516.7 12.0 1.0 0.02 Normal 516.7 21.7 4.70 Heavy
56 Kisii-kilgoris(near kisii town) KeNHA 131.1 6.9 6.9 0.12 Normal 131.1 100.7 4.33 Normal
57 Kisii-kilgoris(near kisii town) KeNHA 213.0 2,023.5 638.6 0.40 Light 2,023.5 231.9 0.40 Light 213.0 54.4 3.07 Normal 213.0 19.5 0.86 Normal
58 Kisii-kilgoris(Menyinkwa) KeNHA 376.9 376.9 8.9 0.36 Normal
59 Kisii-kilgoris(kisii town) KeNHA 130.7 1.0 1.0 0.14 Light 65.4 36.2 0.74 Normal 65.4 13.0 0.64 Normal
60 Kisii-kilgoris(kisii town) KeNHA 140.4 70.2 58.8 1.33 Heavy 70.2 65.4 1.33 Heavy
61 Lanet njoro (pipeline) KeNHA 74.5 74.5 20.3 0.40 Normal
62 Lanet njoro (near pipeline) KeNHA 87.6 1.0 1.0 0.05 Light 85.7 85.7 0.19 Light 87.6 26.3 0.19 Light
63 Lanet njoro (Nakuru twn) KeNHA 215.2 4.5 4.5 0.21 Heavy 4.0 4.0 0.11 Light 107.6 96.9 2.50 Heavy 107.6 118.3 1.01 Light
64 Lanet njoro (pipeline) KeNHA 32.7 19.9 19.9 1.81 Heavy 12.8 12.8 0.81 Heavy
65 Lanet njoro (Nakuru twn) KeNHA 129.0 1.0 1.0 0.02 Light 61.7 61.7 2.71 Heavy 67.3 67.3 0.86 Normal
66(A) Lanet njoro (pipeline)(A) KeNHA 42.8 21.4 20.5 0.56 Normal 21.4 12.0 0.63 Normal
66(B) Lanet njoro (pipeline)(B) KeNHA 42.8 21.4 7.7 0.77 Normal 21.4 6.5 0.14 Normal
66(C) Lanet njoro (pipeline)(C). KeNHA 21.8 21.4 13.9 0.85 Normal
67 Lanet njoro (pipeline) KeNHA 20.0 10.0 6.1 0.49 Normal 10.0 6.9 0.46 Normal
68 Lanet njoro (Nakuru twn) KeNHA 74.3 5.5 5.5 1.24 Heavy 2.0 2.0 0.05 Light 17.8 17.8 0.38 Heavy 56.5 56.5 0.62 Heavy
Heavy 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 12 12 0.00 1 1 1.14 0 0 0.00 327 305 23.20 133 128 4.10 3,646 1,513 37.68 745 208 4.67 74 52 0.19 0 0 0.00
Normal 22,666 4,481 10.72 7,602 2,228 3.93 27 16 0.36 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 2,556 881 21.21 1,217 321 5.50 1,253 368 8.69 687 164 3.81 3,649 1,620 16.45 2,054 702 3.44
Light 18,997 1,905 2.96 16,132 2,470 2.38 0 0 0.00 11 11 0.48 0 0 0.00 4,432 2,681 4.12 3,892 1,917 3.49 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 6,891 1,940 8.17 5,934 1,655 4.27
Heavy 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 4 4 4.00 1 1 1.00 0 0 0.00 9 9 9.00 3 3 3.00 14 14 14.00 2 2 2.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
counts Normal 11 11 11.00 6 6 6.00 2 2 2.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 11 11 11.00 6 6 6.00 9 9 9.00 5 5 5.00 12 12 12.00 7 7 7.00
Light 7 7 7.00 5 5 5.00 0 0 0.00 7 7 7.00 0 0 0.00 13 13 13.00 8 8 8.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 15 15 15.00 11 11 11.00
Using information as summarized in Table 6-1, Table 6-2 is prepared by arranging data according to work
category, labour inputs (in man-days) and Work Difficulty Levels. By summation of data into various categories
and then dividing them by Simple Quantity and Actual Quantity and P/Rs are obtained. From P/Rs, SRUQS are
obtained through computation.
Based on difference of Work Difficulty Levels, applicable SRUQs and P/Rs are used for cost estimation.
Initial Mobilization Period: SRUQs and P/Rs under Heavy
Wet Season: SRUQs and P/Rs under Normal
Dry Season: SRUQs and P/Rs under Light
Using information derived in Table 6-2, Table 6-3 is produced for use by cost estimators.
Table 6-2 Compilation of SRUQs, P/Rs, Percentage Ratio of Simple Quantity/Actual Quantity ((Simple/Actual)
%)
The top section computes the field data to applicable field SRUQs for both simple and actual quantities together
with the field percentage ratio of simple quantity/actual quantity.
The bottom section illustrates correction exercises necessary to obtain all applicable SRUQS and P/Rs for both
simple and actual quantities together with the adjusted percentage ratio of simple quantity/actual quantity.
Correction exercises are required at this stage as sufficient data to cover the entire sphere of activities has not
been obtained under the survey. Therefore, a certain common sense judgment must be provided to recover
such deficiencies.
Summary of SRUQ
SRUQ
Person* P/R SRUQ Simple/ Actual/ P/R SRUQ SRUQ
Work Item Level Simple Actual (Actual)
day (Actual) (Actual) Actual Simple (Simple) (Simple) (Simple)*1000
*1000
Heavy No Data
Grass Normal 30,224 6,687 14.499 461.2 0.002168167 2.17 2,399.2 0.000416808 0.42
Cutting (m2) Light 35,129 5,876 5.336 1,101.3 0.000907981 0.91 5,729.0 0.00017455 0.17
Total(Ave.) 65,353 12,563 20 633.4 0.001578725 1.58 520% 19% 3,295.0 0.000303494 0.30
Heavy 12 12 1.619 7.4 0.134916667 134.92 11.5 0.08688808 86.89
Cross Normal 19 8 0.142 55.5 0.018028933 18.03 86.1 0.011610866 11.61
Culvert (m) Light No Data
Total(Ave.) 31 20 2 11.3 0.088513999 88.51 155% 64% 17.5 0.057004161 57.00
Heavy 1 1 1.143 0.9 1.142857143 1,142.86 0.9 1.142857143 1,142.86
Catch Basin Normal No Data
(pcs) Light 11 11 0.475 23.2 0.043194805 43.19 23.2 0.043194805 43.19
Total(Ave.) 12 12 2 7.4 0.134833333 134.83 100% 100% 7.4 0.134833333 134.83
Heavy 460 433 27.299 15.9 0.063070622 63.07 31.9 0.031306995 31.31
Lined Side Normal 3,773 1,202 26.713 45.0 0.022230222 22.23 90.6 0.011034638 11.03
Ditch (m) Light 8,324 4,598 7.609 604.3 0.001654675 1.65 1,217.5 0.000821347 0.82
Total(Ave.) 12,557 6,233 62 101.1 0.009886347 9.89 201% 50% 203.8 0.004907385 4.91
Heavy 4,391 1,722 42.350 40.7 0.02459982 24.60 114.7 0.008718194 8.72
Unlined Side Normal 1,924 517 12.452 41.5 0.024101616 24.10 117.1 0.00854163 8.54
Ditch (m) Light No Data
Total(Ave.) 6,315 2,238 55 40.8 0.024484818 24.48 282% 35% 115.2 0.008677437 8.68
Heavy No Data
Carrageway Normal 5,703 2,322 19.893 116.7 0.008568364 8.57 365.5 0.002736169 2.74
De-silting
(m2) Light 12,825 3,595 12.442 288.9 0.003460832 3.46 904.8 0.001105161 1.11
Total(Ave.) 18,528 5,917 32 183.0 0.005464973 5.46 313% 32% 573.0 0.001745151 1.75

After Correction
SRUQ SRUQ
P/R SRUQ (Actual) Actual/ P/R SRUQ (Simple)
Work Item Level (Actual) Remarks (Actual) *1000 Simple/Actual Simple (Simple) (Simple) *1000
Assumption
100 10.00 300.0 0.003333333 3.33
Heavy (From Normal and Little) 0.01
Grass
Cutting Normal 461 0.002168167 2.17 1,383.7 0.000722722 0.72
(m2) Light 1,101 0.000907981 0.91 3,304.0 0.00030266 0.30
Total(Ave.) 633 0.001578725 1.58 300% 33% 1,900.3 0.000526242 0.53
Heavy 7 0.134916667 134.92 (Assumption: 3:1) 11.5 0.08688808 86.89
Normal 55 0.018028933 18.03 86.1 0.011610866 11.61
Cross
Culvert (m) Assumption
100 10.00 155.3 0.006440129 6.44
Light (From Heavy and Normal) 0.01
Total(Ave.) 11 0.088513999 88.51 155% 64% 17.5 0.057004161 57.00
Heavy 1 1.142857143 1,142.86 2.6 0.380952381 380.95
Assumption
Catch Basin Normal 5 200.00 15.0 0.066666667 66.67
(From Heavy and Little) 0.2
(pcs)
Light 23 0.043194805 43.19 69.5 0.014398268 14.40
Total(Ave.) 7 0.134833333 134.83 300% 33% 22.2 0.044944444 44.94
Heavy 16 0.063070622 63.07 (Assumption; 3:1) 31.9 0.031306995 31.31
Lined Side Normal 45 0.022230222 22.23 90.6 0.011034638 11.03
Ditch (m) Light 604 0.001654675 1.65 1,217.5 0.000821347 0.82
Total(Ave.) 101 0.009886347 9.89 201% 50% 203.8 0.004907385 4.91
Heavy 41 0.02459982 24.60 114.7 0.008718194 8.72
Unlined Normal 41 0.024101616 24.10 117.1 0.00854163 8.54
Side Ditch Assumption
(m) 600 1.67 1,693.0 0.000590668 0.59
Light (From Lined Side Ditch Little) 0.001666667
Total(Ave.) 41 0.024484818 24.48 282% 35% 115.2 0.008677437 8.68
Assumption
50 20.00 156.6 0.006386678 6.39
Heavy (From Normal and Little) 0.02
Carrageway
De-silting Normal 117 0.008568364 8.57 365.5 0.002736169 2.74
(m2) Light 289 0.003460832 3.46 904.8 0.001105161 1.11
Total(Ave.) 183 0.005464973 5.46 313% 32% 573.0 0.001745151 1.75
Table 6-3 Final Results for Cost Estimators

P/R (Simple) SRUQ (Simple)
Work item Level
Unit Unit
Heavy 300.0 0.003333333
Normal 1,383.7 0.000722722
Grass Cutting (m2) m2/md md/m2
Light 3,304.0 0.00030266
Total(Ave.) 1,900.3 0.000526242
Heavy 11.5 0.08688808
Normal 86.1 0.011610866
Cross Culvert (m) m/md md/m
Light 155.3 0.006440129
Total(Ave.) 17.5 0.057004161
Heavy 2.6 0.380952381
Normal 15.0 0.066666667
Catch Basin (pcs) pcs/md md/pcs
Light 69.5 0.014398268
Total(Ave.) 22.2 0.044944444
Heavy 31.9 0.031306995
Normal 90.6 0.011034638
Lined Side Ditch (m) m/md md/m
Light 1,217.5 0.000821347
Total(Ave.) 203.8 0.004907385
Heavy 114.7 0.008718194
Normal 117.1 0.00854163
Unlined Side Ditch(m) m/md md/m
Light 1,693.0 0.000590668
Total(Ave.) 115.2 0.008677437
Heavy 156.6 0.006386678
Normal 365.5 0.002736169
Carrageway De-silting(m2) m2/md md/m2
Light 904.8 0.001105161
Total(Ave.) 573.0 0.001745151

6.3 Data on Percentage Add-ons on Indirect Cost and Overhead & Profit
6.3.1 Indirect Cost
The cost estimation administrator is required to determine the percentage add-ons based on the survey carried
out in accordance with Chapter 5. By collection of sufficient data and interviews with contractors who participated
in past PBC projects, a percentage add-on can be determined.
The Manual recommends a percentage of Indirect Cost as 30% over the Direct Cost (Refer to Appendix 9). This
is the default value used in COSTES for PBC 2015. The percentage is based on other classical road contracts in
Kenya.
In Japan, the standard values of the indirect cost percentage on public road infrastructure projects are indicated
in Table 6-4.
Table 6-4 Percentage Add-ons on Indirect Cost and Overheads & Profits in Japan
Percentage of Indirect Cost/Direct Cost for Road Infrastructure Project in Japan

Limit Qty Unit Remarks
Upper Limit 32.73 % For projects under US$ 58,000
Lower Limit 24.71 % For projects over US$ US$ 8,300,000
Percentage of Overhead & Profit/(Direct Cost +Indirect Cost) for Road Infrastructure Project in Japan
Limit Qty Unit Remarks
Upper Limit 20.29 % For projects under US$ 42,000
Lower Limit 7.41 % For projects over US$ US$ 25,000,000
6.3.2 Overhead & Profit

The cost estimation administrator is required to determine the percentage add-ons based on the survey carried
out in accordance with Chapter 5. By collection of sufficient data and interviews with contractors who participated
in past PBC projects, a percentage add-on can be determined.
The Manual recommends a percentage of the Overhead/Profit as 10% over the summation of the Direct Cost
and the Indirect Cost (Refer to Appendix 9). This is the default value used in COSTES for PBC 2015. This
percentage is also based on other classical road contracts in Kenya. It is to be noted that the profit margins and
overheads include only those incurred by the Contractor but not the Client.
The default values of percentage for Indirect Cost and Overhead/Profit should be modified once comprehensive
survey has been conducted.
6 Manual Revisions
This section describes the timing of revisions required so that the Manual is maintained and continues to serve
its useful purpose.
Vol. 1 Administrators
— Revision is necessary whenever Cost Surveys are amended.
— Yearly revision of Cost Estimation Parameters 2015.
Vol. 2 Government Cost Estimators
— Revision is necessary whenever work/service items are added or excluded.
— Yearly revision of Cost Estimation Parameters 2015.
Vol. 3 Contractors
— Revision is necessary to synchronize with the revision made in Vol.2.
— Yearly revision of Cost Estimation Parameters 2015 for Use by Contractors.

Appendix
Appendix 1 COST Estimation System 2015 For Cost Estimation Administrators .................................... 33
Appendix 2 Cost Estimation Parameters 2015.......................................................................................... 46
Appendix 3 Concept of SRUQ / Productivity Rate (P/R)........................................................................... 49
Appendix 4 Form 1 Site Layout ................................................................................................................. 52
Appendix 5 Form 2 Work Record Form ................................................................................................... 53
Appendix 6 Form 3 Productivity Survey Summary Form (Excel)................................................................ 54
Appendix 7 Information on Volume 3 for Contractors’ Reference Use .................................................... 55
Appendix 8 Training Results for PR Survey done by JICA/KRB in September and October 2015 ............. 56
Appendix 9 Recommendations by KRB on Indirect Cost, Overhead/profit and Build-up of Unit Rates ... 92

COST ESTIMATION SYSTEM 2015 FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS APPENDIX 1
1. Basic flow of COSTES

1.1 COSTES Program flow and Data relationship
COSTES program refers to tables in the database (jicadata) as shown in the Figure below.
Menu and Login
Welcome to COSTES 2015 User Type and Passwod
Contract Condition/Quantity Data Input

 Basic Contract Information
Work Frequency
Unit Price/Ratio Confirmation Check/Modify Unit Price/Ratio

Other PBC Works (Optional)
COSTES PBC Works Editor Select Required Work Item and input/modify price & quantity

Instructed Works (Optional)
COSTES Instructed Works Editor Select Instructed Work Item and input/modify price & quantity

Output
PDF Format / Excel Format(Optional)
(Legend)
Procedure
Program Window Name User Input
Figure 2.2 – Basic Data input and Program flow inside the COSTES2015

APPENDIX 1 USERS INFORMATION (TABLE: USERS)
2. Users Information (Table: users)

2. Users Information (Table: users)
User Information handles User Names and Passwords. On the Welcome screen, program users have to enter
User Information handles User Names and Passwords. On the Welcome
passwords in order to use COSTES.
COSTES accepts “Road Authority” and “Contractor” only
COSTES accepts “Road Authority” and “Contractor” only
A1-
2.1 Contents of the table
Item 2.1 Valid

Contents of the table
value range Description
username Item Valid value range

Selection from “Road Authority”, “Contractor”, “Administrator”
Words are recognized
only directly
password
username Selection from “Road
Letter String (any numbers of characters including number,
Authority”, “Contrac
Main menu recognizes
alphabet, symbols)
password Letter String (anypassword
numbers of characters in
2.2 Data Update
2.2 Data Update

COSTES can identify “Road Authority”, “Administrator” and “Contractors” only. Adding extra members is not
allowed. It is advised that Passwords should be changed frequently.
COSTES can identify “Road Authority”, “Administrator” and “Contrac
changed frequently.

BASIC PARAMETERS BY ROAD AUTHORITY (TABLE: OTHERS) APPENDIX 1
3. Basic Parameters by Road Authority (Table: Others)

“Others” table handles basic condition for cost estimation. Parameters can be set by each road authority.
3. Basic Parameters by Road Authority (Table: Others)
“Others” table handles basic condition for cost estimation. Parameters can be set by each road authority.
A1-4
Item Value type/ value Description Manual

range/ condition vol.1
Road Authority Letter String/ up to Defines the name of the road authorities. Alternatives include: -
100 characters/ At “KeNHA”, “KURA”, “KeRRA”, and “KWS”. COSTES recognizes
least the name includes these names by exact word and character.
“KeNHA”, “KURA”,
“KeRRA” or “KWS”
Indirect Cost Decimal Number / Ratio of the indirect cost (see pp.33 ). COSTES calculates indirect 1.4/5.5/6.3.1
0.000 to 1.500 cost by multiplying total direct cost (including PBC and Instructed
(3 decimal points) work) by this ratio (see pp.33 ).
VAT Decimal Number / Ratio of Value Added Tax 1.4
0.00 to 1.00
(2 decimal points)
Overhead Profit Decimal Number / Ratio of the overhead and profit. COSTES calculates overhead 1.4/5.5/6.3.2
0.0000 to 1.5000 cost and profit by multiplying this ratio with the sum of direct and
(4 decimal points) indirect cost.
Miscellaneous Decimal Number/ Ratio of the miscellaneous cost (see pp.20 of the manual) . COSTES 5.2.2
0.0000 to 1.5000 calculates miscellaneous cost by multiplying total labour cost by this
(4 decimal points) ratio. This ratio is used on the detail cost sheets of 6 Major Labour
Based Works in the “Detail Contents (B)” sheets.
Labour/ No Decimal point / 0 Defines how many labours should be allocated to ONE Site agent. 4.3.4.3*
Foreman to 300 This value is used in the detail cost sheets of 6 Major Labour Based
Works in the “Detail Contents (B)” sheets.

APPENDIX 1 BASIC PARAMETERS BY ROAD AUTHORITY (TABLE: OTHERS)

range/ condition vol.1
Labour/ No Decimal point / 0 Defines how many labourers should be allocated to ONE 4.3.4.3*
Supervisor to 300 Supervisor. This value is used on the detail cost sheets of 6 Major
Labour Based Works6 Major Labour Based Works in the “Detail
Contents (B)” sheets.
Truck_Kilo_per_ No Decimal point / 0 Defines truck’s diesel fuel consumption efficiency. The Unit is 5.3/4.3.4.6*
Litre to 30 “Litres per km”. This value is used for the Self inspection and
Haulage expenses, and related to the truck distance travelled.
Pick-Up_Kilo_ No Decimal point / 0 Defines Pick-up’s petrol fuel consumption efficiency. The Unit 5.3/4.3.4.6*
per_Litre to 40 is “Litres per km”. This value is used for the Self inspection and
Haulage expenses and related to the pickup distance travelled.
Truck_working_ No Decimal point / 0 Defines the number of days when the each maintenance work 6.2.3
days_per_ to 30 is carried out. It affects the calculation of the labour quantity per
month month in the “Detail Contents (B)”. Default value is 25 days.
PickUp_ No Decimal point / 0 Defines the number of days when the each self-inspection work 6.3
working_days_ to 30 is carried out. It affects the calculation of the travel distance of the
per_month: pickup per month in the “Detail Contents (B)” sheets. Default value
is 30 days because Road Patrol is executed every day.
Password Letter String / up to COSTES currently does not use this item -
100 characters
Self_Control_ Decimal 2 decimal Specifies how many times the self-inspection crew patrols the 5.3/4.3.5*
Unit(patrol)_ points/ 0.03 to 100.00 road per day. This value can be changed in the “DataInput” form
Frequency in COSTES.
Survey Year Numeric value / 2010 Survey Year 5
to 2030
SCU Foreman, Checkbox / checked or If checkbox is checked, SCU Table and Haulage Table in COSTES 5.3/6.2.6.3
SCU Inspector, non-checked Contract Condition Editor will be checked. That is, checked items
SCU Driver, are regarded as the default member of SCU/Haulage Unit.
Truck, Truck for
Number / integer/ These values become default values in the SCU/Haulage Editor if 5.3/6.2/6.3
Haulage, Driver
If non-checked, the checked.
for Haulage,
number is zero
PickUp for
Haulage
* Refer to the Manual for Government Cost Estimators (vol.2)
3.2 Data Update

It is essential to modify parameters (2015 data), except for “Road Authority”, for each authority otherwise
COSTES cannot find any parameters if 2016 or later data have not been registered. One parameter set can be
installed for each year by the road authority. It is important to note that two or more parameter sets cannot be
registered in the same year.
If a new data set is obtained, please input them but the year should be unique. COSTES uses the data of the year
which the user specifies on the “DataInput” form.
It is strongly recommended that both Road Authority and Contractor candidates use the data of the same year.

STANDARD RESOURCE USAGE PER QUANTITY (SRUQS) BY ROAD AUTHORITY (TABLE: SRUQ) APPENDIX 1
4. Standard Resource Usage per Quantity (SRUQs) by Road

Authority (Table: SRUQ)
Standard Resource Usage per Quantity (SRUQ) Table defines:
1. The productivity rate (P/R):
2. Simple/Actual quantity ratio; and,
3. Standard quantity per km.
These parameters are defined for every 6 Major Labour Based Works and every type of contract period.
P/Rs have been surveyed, collected and classified into “Road authority”, “Type of work”, “IMP/RMP”, and “Dry/
Wet”. The “Simple/Actual quantity ratio” and “standard quantity per km” are collected and classified into “Road
Authority” and “Type of work”. These parameters are used in the calculation of labour quantity in the “Detail
Contents (B)” Sheets.

APPENDIX 1 STANDARD RESOURCE USAGE PER QUANTITY (SRUQS) BY ROAD AUTHORITY (TABLE: SRUQ)

range/ condition
Road Authority Links to the list of “Road “Road Authority” in “Others” Table -
Authority” in “Others”
Table
Project Letter String Not used at present (future preparation) -
SRUQ: One of the list consists Specifies types of work. Values are for: “GC (Grass 1.5/5.2/6.2
of “GC”, “CC”, “BC”, Cutting)”, “CC (Cross Culvert”, “BC (Catch Basin
“LD”, “UD”, “CW” Cleaning)”, “LD (Lined Ditch Cleaning”, “UD (Unlined
ditch Cleaning)”, and “CW (Carriage Way Cleaning)”.
IMP/Routine_ Selection from “IMP” or Initial Mobilization Period (IMP) or Routine Maintenance
Maintenance_Period “RMP” Period (RMP)
Dry/Wet Selection from “Dry” or Selection of Dry or Wet season

“Wet”
Work_Difficulty_Level Automatically assigned See table below

Work_Difficulty_Level
SRUQ Decimal Number/ 0 to Defined as how many labour-days are necessary for
100 doing each task for pre-determined unit when carrying
(any number of decimal out maintenance to SIMPLE quantity.
places)
SRUQ2 Decimal Number/ 0 to Defined as how many labour-days are necessary for
100 doing each task for pre-determined unit when carrying
(any number of decimal out maintenance to ACTUAL quantity.
places)
Quantity/1km Decimal Number/ 0 to Defined as the quantity of subject maintenance work 5.6
100 per km. This value is collected through survey.
(any number of decimal
places)
Year Numeric value / 2010 The year when the Productivity Rate / SRUQ is -
to 2030 surveyed
The Work_Difficulty_Level allocated to IMP and RMP, in accordance with the prevailing season, are as follows:
IMP/RMP Dry/Wet Work Difficulty Level
IMP Dry or Rain (No concern) Heavy
Wet Normal
RMP
Dry Light
Users can calculate work quantities by choosing one of the following formulas in COSTES:
1: Quantity per km: SRUQ (Standard Resource Usage per Quantity)* (Simple quantity per km)* (Project
Length)
2: Simple quantity input: SRUQ (Standard Resource Usage per Quantity) for SIMPLE Quantity *(Simple
Quantity input)
3: Actual quantity input: SRUQ for ACTUAL Quantity input * (Actual Quantity input)
In the case of 2 and 3 above, users have to collect the information of total quantity of the project prior to the
cost estimation.

UNIT RATES INFORMATION (DATABASE TABLE: UNITPRICE1) APPENDIX 1
Conversion between Productivity Rate and Standard Resource Usage per Quantity is described in Clause 1.5 of
the Manual.
4.2 Data Update

The Year 2015 Value sets can be changed but should not be removed. The road authority name should not be
changed. The Year 2015 Value sets are necessary for each Road Authority specified in the “Others” table. Data
Update is possible per Work Item. In this regard, Year 2016 or later have to be chosen as “Survey Year” and
COSTES will automatically search the latest data for each work item.
If the other conditions are identical, do not allocate the same year because COSTES cannot recognize which one
is the correct one.
5. Unit Rates Information (Database Table: UnitPrice1)

Unit rate information is currently a set of 11 core unit rates. Rates information has to be excluded in the case
of the COSTES distribution to the contractor candidates. “Haulage” table also includes the information related
to vehicle operation. Detail of the unit rate survey is presented in Clause 5.1 and 6.2 of the Manual. In addition,
Clause 5.3 of the manual refers to SCU Survey.

APPENDIX 1 UNIT RATES INFORMATION (DATABASE TABLE: UNITPRICE1)
Item Value type/ value range/ Description Manual

condition
Item Selection from “Labour”, Classification of each item (Category) Labour, Machinery, or 5.1
“Machinery”, or ”Material” Material
Location Letter String Tables should complete 11 sets of unit price data for each 5.1
area. At present “Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu” and (All other
area) are listed as sample.
Code Letter String Sample data. Allocate unique code number (not used for the 5.1
current COSTES).
Name Selection from specified list DO NOT Change the name for 11 price set. 5.1
“Labours”, “Supervisors”(Foreman)”, “Fuel”, “SCU Leader”,
“SCU Inspector”, “Driver”, “Vehicle (Pick up)”, “Foreman”,
“Fuel”, “Vehicle (2ton Truck)”
Type: Selection from specified list “Petrol” or “Diesel” for Fuel. “Operating Loss” for Vehicle. 5.1
Blank for others
Unit Automatic selection linked to Unit for each item. Current COSTES does not use it. 5.1
the “Name”
Unit Price Numeric value / 0 to 1,000,000 Unit price 5.1

If the COSTES file set is distributed to contractor
candidates, unit price should be zero for all items in
the database.
Source Letter String For reference purpose. Current COSTES does not use it. 5.1
Survey Year Numeric value / 2010 to 2030 The year when the unit price was surveyed and collected. 5.1
COSTES automatically selects the latest year’s unit price if
unit price was surveyed for several years.
5.2 Data Update

Unit price information is currently a set of 11 core unit prices. This set should be kept.
If a new set of unit prices is allocated for a new area, then all 11 costs should be surveyed as initial dataset.
Yearly update is possible per item. However, two or more unit prices cannot be allocated for the same year as
COSTES will search for the latest year’s price.
In the case of Haulage expense for instructed works, there is no classification by road authority nor location.
(This option is future discussion)

OTHER PBC WORKS APPENDIX 1
6. Other PBC Works

Variables for the estimation of Other PBC Works consist of the following items. Cost survey method is described
in clause 5.3 and 5.4 of the manual.

APPENDIX 1 OTHER PBC WORKS
Item Value type/ value range/ Description Manual

condition (for admin.)
ID Letter String Unique ID. COSTES does not need it 5.4
Area Letter String Area is necessary if the same work item has a different 5.4
value
Paved/Unpaved Selection from “Paved” or Paved or Unpaved 5.4

“Unpaved”
Category Selection from “Road Usability”, Category is based on Table 4-19 in the manual 4/5.4
“Road User Comfort”, or “Road
Durability”
Service Scope Selection from A) through to H) Category is based on Table 4-19 in the manual vol.2 4/5.4
Work Item Letter String Category is based on Table 4-19 in the manual but 5.4
expressed as “Service Criteria”
Survey Year Numeric value / 2010 to 2030 The year when each item was collected. COSTES 5.4
recognizes the latest year’s unit price if the same item
has different value by surveyed year
Unit Letter String Unit will be determined 5.4
Unit Price Numeric value / 0 to 1000000 Current COSTES does not use Unit Price (Future 5.4
Option)
candidates, unit price should be zero for all items
in the database.
6.2 Data Update

If a new service criterion is added, it is possible to add them one by one. However, do not use the same service
criteria in the identical year (COSTES cannot distinguish which item is the correct one).

INSTRUCTED WORKS LIST (TABLE: INSTRUCTED WORKS LIST) APPENDIX 1
7. Instructed Works List (Table: Instructed Works List)

Instructed works list for COSTES2015 comes from the format of COSTES 0_1

APPENDIX 1 PROGRAM CONFIGURATION (TABLE: CONFIGURATION)
Item Value type/ value range/ condition Description Manual
ID Letter String Unique ID. COSTES does not need it
Code Letter String COSTES does not use the code but may be necessary
for the arrangement of items
Unit Rate Numeric value / 0 to 1,000,000 Rate for each item per specified unit
candidates, unit rate should be zero for all items
in the database.
Unit Letter String Unit for each item
Work Item Letter String Category for the item. Suffix as xx. Is preferred
Sub Item Letter String Name and specification of the item
Description Letter String Explanation of each item
Area Letter String Area is necessary if the same work items have different
values
Survey Year Numeric value / 2010 to 2030 The year when each item was collected. COSTES
recognizes the latest year’s unit price if the same item
has different value by surveyed year
7.2 Data Update

Addition/Removal of items is possible, one by one. However, completion of all fields is necessary.
Yearly update is possible for the same item (e.g. there are two items and the difference is surveyed yearly).
However, two or more unit prices cannot be allocated within an identical year as COSTES searches the latest
year’s price by each item.
8. Program Configuration (Table: Configuration)

The Administrator can control how COSTES works by setting the following factors:
1: Allow PBC Optional works input (YES/NO)
This option allows/does not allow the input of independent PBC works other than six major labour
based works.
2: Allow Instructed Works Input (YES/NO)
This option allows/does not allow the input of instructed works.
3: Allow to select input method of major labour based works one by one (YES/NO)
When this option is “YES”, user can select input method per work item. This is advantageous if the
user does not know simple/actual quantity. The user can then select each quantity and others can be
calculated by using standard quantity per km in the database. However, mixture of input methods
might cause complexity in the estimation.
4: Cost estimation by Excel format

DATA DISTRIBUTION APPENDIX 1
When this option is “YES”, COSTES generates not only PDF format cost estimation sheets but also excel
format raw-data.
9. Data Distribution
9.1 For Road Authority Officials (Client)/ 8.2 For Contractor Candidates
The difference of database between two user categories is whether the database has “Price” information or not.
Price information is included in “UnitPrice1”, “Other PBC Works”, and “Instructed Works” tables.
Road Authorities can use the pre-surveyed unit price as standard value. Then they can check the price before
performing cost estimation and modify if possible. Contractor candidates have to register all price sets by their
own survey or responsibility. No price data will be given.
COSTES program can automatically open the jicadata database because the password is included in the program
and almost impossible to open the jicadata database unless one has the password. However, distribution
version to the contractor candidates should not include any price data for security purposes. In this case, it is
recommended that administrators should create two types of database: (1) one including price information:
and, (2), another without price information. Please do not remove all the columns of price information because
COSTES have to recognize all data fields regardless of the column value.

APPENDIX 2 COST ESTIMATION PARAMETERS 2015
Appendix 2 Cost Estimation Parameters 2015
1. SRUQs and P/Rs of 6 Major Labour Based Work
P/R(Simple) SRUQ(Simple)
Work item Level Unit Unit
Heavy 300.0 0.0033
Normal 1,383.7 0.0007
Grass Cutting (m2) m2/md md/m2
Light 3,304.0 0.0003
Total(Ave.) 1,900.3 0.0005
Heavy 11.5 0.0869
Normal 86.1 0.0116
Cross Culvert (m) m/md md/m
Light 155.3 0.0064
Total(Ave.) 17.5 0.0570
Heavy 2.6 0.3810
Normal 15.0 0.0667
Catch Basin (pcs) pcs/md md/pcs
Light 69.5 0.0144
Total(Ave.) 22.2 0.0449
Heavy 31.9 0.0313
Normal 90.6 0.0110
Lined Side Ditch (m) m/md md/m
Light 1,217.5 0.0008
Total(Ave.) 203.8 0.0049
Heavy 114.7 0.0087
Normal 117.1 0.0085
Unlined Side Ditch (m) m/md md/m
Light 1,693.0 0.0006
Total(Ave.) 115.2 0.0087
Heavy 156.6 0.0064
Normal 365.5 0.0027
Carrageway De-silting (m2) m2/md md/m2
Light 904.8 0.0011
Total(Ave.) 573.0 0.0017
* use for COSTES

COST ESTIMATION PARAMETERS 2015 APPENDIX 2
2. KM Standardized Quantities for Each Road Authority

KeNHA
Grass Cutting m2 6055 33% 2,018.3
Lined Dich m 200 50% 99.3
Carriageway m2 2000 32% 638.7
Note: Figures are from survey on the Paved Road
KeNHA (2×2Lanes)
Grass Cutting m2 12110 33% 4,036.7
Lined Dich m 400 50% 199.0
Carriageway m2 4000 32% 1,278.0
KURA
Grass Cutting m 2
6819 33% 2,273.0
Lined Dich m 1400 50% 696.5
Carriageway m 2
2000 32% 639.0
KeRRA
Grass Cutting m 2
2310 33% 777.0
Lined Dich m 0 -
Carriageway m 2
0 -
Note: Figures are from survey on the Unpaved Road
KWS
Grass Cutting m 2
2310 33% 770.0
Catch Basin pcs 10 33% 3.3
Lined Dich m 0 -
Carriageway m 2
0 -
Note: Figures are from survey on the Unpaved Road

APPENDIX 2 COST ESTIMATION PARAMETERS 2015
3. Unit Rates
Category Item Unit Rate Remarks

Mombasa, Other Areaii
Nairobi,
Kisumui
Labor Labor KSH/day 527.10 484.30 General Labourer
Foreman KSH/month 37,079.25 32,716.65 Artisan G I×1.5iii
Supervisor KSH/month 30,126.00 25,930.35 Artisan G II×1.5
SCU Leader KSH/month 37,079.25 32,716.65 Artisan G I×1.5
SCU Inspector KSH/month 30,126.00 25,930.35 Artisan G II×1.5
Driver(Pick up) KSH/month 18,595.20 15,239.10 Driver
Driver(Truck) KSH/month 24,719.50 21,811.10 Driver
Vehicle Cost iv
Truck(2 ton) KSH/month 191,800.00 Truck flat-bed (2.5-5 ton)
(Dry rate)
Pick up (Double KSH/month 88,200.00 Pick Up (4x4)
Cabin)
Fuel Costv Diesel KSH/litre 79.99 Price listed is for Nairobi region. Price for other
regions vary from region to region
Gasoline KSH/litre 102.65
Fuel Consumption Truck(2 ton) km/litre 4.00
Pick up km/litre 10.00
Note
i
COLUMN 2 in the Labour Institution Act dated the 20th May, 2015
ii
COLUMN 4 in the Labour Institution Act dated the 20th May, 2015. Column 3 has been used to estimate General labour rate
in the case of Other Areas after considering the market rates.
iii
Factor for market price
iv
Fees of Mechanical and Technical Services of MOTI Mechanical and Transport Division
Truck flat-bed (2.5-5 ton); (1,480×7hrs×25days+3000×5days×0.7iii) = 191,800 Pick Up (4x4);
1,050×4hrs×30days×0.7iii = 88,200
v
Pump Price for Sep-Oct 2015 from Energy Regulatory Commission
4. Percentage Add-ons(%)
Item Miscellaneous Costs Indirect Cost Overhead and Profit VAT
% 5.0 30 10 16.0

CONCEPT OF SRUQ / PRODUCTIVITY RATE (P/R) APPENDIX 3
Appendix 3 Concept of SRUQ / Productivity Rate (P/R)

(1) Flow
Direct Cost shall be computed as per the following flow (Figure A3-1).
Figure A3-1 Flow of Estimate of Direct Cost
Quantity1: (Work Items)

(Work Volume: Grass cutting m2
Concrete m3, etc)
SRUQ
Quantity2 (Basic Items)

(Labour, Material, Expense)
Unit rates
Direct Cost
Table A3-1 Formula for Calculating Direct Cost

Q’ty2 / Basic Items
(breakdown on labour,
= Q’ty1 / Work Volume × SRUQ
equipment, material required
for the work)
Q’ty2 / Basic Items (labour,
Direct Cost = × Unit Rates
equipment, material)
SRUQ is the conversion rate from Q’ty1 / Work Volume to Q’ty2 / Basic Items (means breakdown of labour,
equipment, material required for the work). Examples of SRUQ for concrete mixing are shown in the following
table.
Table A3-2 Example of SRUQ (concrete mixing)
(per 10m3)
Description Unit SRUQ Unit Rate Rate Remarks
Quantity 1 Concrete m3 - - -
Quantity 2 Labourers Person hours 6.25 100 Ksh/hr 625
Supervisor Person hours 1.25 200 Ksh/hr 250
Aggregates m3 7.5 100 Ksh 750 5% loss included
Sand m 3
5.5 200 Ksh 1100 5% loss included
Water m3 3.0 100 Ksh 300
Concrete Mixer Hours 8.0 200 Ksh 1600
Total 4625 Per 10 m3

Unit Rates
for concrete
mixing
462.5 Ksh/m3

APPENDIX 3 CONCEPT OF SRUQ / PRODUCTIVITY RATE (P/R)
(2) Sample of Work Items / Q’ty1

For cost estimate, at first, work items shall be determined. Any work items can be selected as long as their
scopes are clearly defined. Sample of work items and SRUQ are shown below.
Table A3-3 Sample of Work Items∕Q’ty1
Work Items Scope of Work Unit Q’ty1 P/R Q’ty2 (Labour, Materials, etc)
Excavation Excavation, Hauling m3 Excavated volume SRUQl ma day Labour
SRUQm M3, ton etc., Material
SRUQe hours Equipment / Expenses
Concrete Materials, scaling, m3 Mixed volume SRUQl man day Labour

weighing, mixing
SRUQm M3, ton etc., Material
SRUQe hours Equipment / Expenses
Two samples for work items / Q’ty1 for PBC road maintenance works are shown below.
Table A3-4 Work Items and SRUQ for PBC Road Maintenance (individual)
Work Items Scope of Work Unit Q’ty1 P/R Q’ty2 (Labour,

Materials, etc)
Grass cutting Cutting, Piling, loading m2 Area for grass cutting P/Rlme man day L/M/EE
Clearing obstructions Picking up, piling, hauling m2 Area of carriage way P/Rlme man day L/M/EE
Desilting Picking up, piling, hauling m Length or number of P/Rlme man day L/M/EE
drainages
Cleaning cleaning, piling, hauling m2 Maintained area P/Rlme man day L/M/EE
Pruning trees Pruning, hauling m2 Area of carriage way P/Rlme man day L/M/EE
Table A3-5 Work Items and SRUQ for PBC Road Maintenance (average)
Work Items Scope of Work Unit Q’ty1 P/R Q’ty2

(Labour, Materials, etc)
Maintenance works All work items m2 Maintained area SRUQlme man day L/M/EE

CONCEPT OF SRUQ / PRODUCTIVITY RATE (P/R) APPENDIX 3
(3) Illustration for SRUQ and calculation of numbers of required labourers

The illustration shows SRUQ and calculation for the number of labourers for PBC works.
Figure A3-2 Example of SRUQ =5 (persons day/10000m2) and SRUQ= 10 for maintenance Works
Figure A3-3 Example of calculation of number of labourers from SRUQ

(SRUQ = 5 person days/10,000m2)

0. INTRODUCTION
APPENDIX 3 CONCEPT OF SRUQ / PRODUCTIVITY RATE (P/R)
Appendix 4 Form 1 Site Layout
Form 1 Site Layout
Date: Start Time: End Time:
Location: Weather:

CONCEPT OF SRUQ / PRODUCTIVITY RATE (P/R) 0. INTRODUCTION
APPENDIX 3
Appendix 5 Form 2 Work Record Form

Form 2 Work Record Form
Date Weather Inspected by

Location Contractors Name
Work Item Number of workers Start time End time workin hours Work measurement Work volume Unit Remark

Appendix 6 Form 3 Productivity Survey Summary Form (Excel)
APPENDIX 6
54
Location Client Site Weather Initial Mobilization Period / Routine Maintenance

No 66 (C)
0.00 m Number of Labors Men

Simple Actual
COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT
Remarks
Q’ty Unit Unit -Heavy nos nos nos (Equipment)
(Vol) hours (man day/ (man day/
-Light
a b c d e f j=e×f Man day ps = j / 7a pa= j / 7b
Grass Cutting(1) / Left m2 m 2
GW x L
1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right m2 m2 GW x L
Pcs Pcs
Cross Culvert(1)
m m
2)
Pcs
Cross Culvert(2)
m
3)
4)
FORM 3 PRODUCTIVITY SURVEY SUMMARY FORM (EXCEL)

5)
Carriage De-sliting(1) m2 Lx1.0 (m)
6)
Carriage De-sliting(2) m2 Lx1.0 (m)
Total
1 day = 7 working hours
Man day
INFORMATION ON VOLUME 3 FOR CONTRACTORS’ REFERENCE USE 0. INTRODUCTION
Appendix 7 Information on Volume 3 for Contractors’ Reference Use

Cost Estimation Manual for Road Maintenance under Performance Based Contracts has 3 separate volumes.
Volume 1 for Cost Estimation Administrator
Volume 2 for Government Cost Estimators
Volume3 for Contractors’ Reference Use
The computer system COSTES for PBC 2015 is to be used in conjunction with Volumes 1 and 2, whereas
COSTES for PBC 2015 for Contractors is to be used especially for cost estimators from private contractors
using Volume 3.
Since the Cost Estimation Manual for Road Maintenance under Performance Based Contracts has been developed
essentially for use by government officials and Volume 3 has been prepared for reference use by contractors, the
following restrictions have been placed on Volume 3 to safeguard information which should only be confidential
to government officials.
Restrictions placed on Volume 3 in comparison to Volumes 1 and 2
(This applies same as for COSTES for PBC 2015 for Contractors.)
1. Cost Estimation Parameters 2015 used in Volume 3 has no information on unit rates and percentage
add-ons. However, Volume 3 has information on productivity rates such as SRUQs and P/Rs only.
Volumes 1 and 2 have all information.
In COSTES for PBC 2015, cost estimators for contractors are required to use their own unit rates and
percentage add-ons to obtain the Project Cost.
2. For cost estimation for the 6 Major Labour Based Works, Volumes 1 and 2 includes three types of cost
estimation including the type using KM Standardized Quantity. Volume 3 does not include the type
using KM Standardized Quantity.

APPENDIX 8 TRAINING RESULTS FOR PR SURVEY DONE BY JICA/KRB IN SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER 2015
Appendix 8 Training Results for PR Survey done by JICA/KRB in

September and October 2015
1. Training Results for PR Survey done by JICA/KRB in October, 2015

1.1. Form-1, 2, 3
(Oct. 01, 2015, Unlined Ditch Cleaning, Carriage Way Desilting)

Form-1
Form-2

TRAINING RESULTS FOR PR SURVEY DONE BY JICA/KRB IN SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER 2015 APPENDIX 8
Form-3
Productivity Survey Summary Form Labour Based Works
Location Kerugoya Client KURA Site Kerugoya - Hit Transporters Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period / Routine Maintenance No. 69
Width of Road 12.50 m Width of Carriage 6m Left Lined Ditch 0m Right Lined 0m Grass Cutting Width 6.50 m Total 0m Number of Labors 0 Men
Reserve (Wr) Way (Wc) (LL) Ditch (RL) (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Length 10/1/2015

Q’ty Unit Unit -Heavy nos nos nos (man day/ (man day/ (Equipment)
(Vol) hours
-Light
a b c d e f j=e×f Man day ps = j/7a pa = j/7b
Grass Cutting(1) / Left m2 GW x L m2 0 0
1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L m2 0 0
Pcs Pcs 0 0
Cross Culvert(1)
m 0 0
2)
Pcs Pcs 0 0
Cross Culvert(2)
m 0 0
3)
Lined Side Ditch(1) m L m 0 0
4)
5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) 15.5 m L 15.5 m normal 1 0.3333 0.3333 0.047614286 0.0030 0.0031
Carriage De-silting(1) 74.3 m2 Lx0.5(m) 52.0 m2 Heavy 2 0.667 1.334 0.190571429 0.0026 0.0037
6)
Carriage De-silting(2) m2 Lx0.5(m) m2 0
Total 3 1.0003 1.6673
Man day
Note: 389.88006
272.916042
To use one sheet per day
(Oct. 02, 2015, Grass Cutting, Cross Culvert)

Form-1

Form-2
Form-3
Productivity Survey Summary Form Labour Based Works
Location Kerugoya Client KURA Site KeNHA rd Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period / Routine Maintenance No. 70
21.20 m 6m 0m 0m 15.50 m 0m Number of Labors 0 Men 20/2/2015

Worked Items Q’ty working SRUQ SRUQ (Equipment)
Q’ty Unit Unit -Heavy nos nos nos (man day/ (man day/
(Vol) hours
-Light
a b c d e f j=e×f Man day ps = j/7a pa = j/7b
Grass Cutting(1) / Left m2 GW x L m2 0 0
1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right 43.7 m2 GW x L 22.68 m2 Normal 1 1 1 0.142857143 0.0033 0.0063
Pcs Pcs 0 0
Cross Culvert(1)
7.65 m 7.65 Normal 1 1.5 1.5 0.214285714 0.0280 0.0280
2)
Pcs Pcs 0 0
Cross Culvert(2)
m 0 0
3)
4)
5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) 15.5 m L m Normal 0 0.047614286
Carriage De-silting(1) 74.3 m2 Lx1.0(m) m2 Heavy 0 0.190571429
6)
Carriage De-silting(2) m2 Lx1.0(m) m2 0
Total 2 2.5 2.5
Man day


(Oct. 05, 2015, Grass Cutting, Unlined Ditch)
Form-1
Form-2

Form-3 Form-3
Form-3
Location Nairobi Client KURA Site Processional way Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance
Width of Road Left Lined Ditch Right Lined Grass Cutting Width Number of
37.90 m Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 7.2 m 0m 1.2 m 29.50 m Total Length 0m 0 men 2015/10/5
Reserve (Wr) (LL) Ditch (RL) (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Q'ty Unit Q'ty (Vol) Unit nos nos nos working hours (man day/Qty) (man day/Qty) (Equipment)
-Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 239.4 m2 GW x L 53.2 m2 Normal 1 1 1 0.142857143 0.0006 0.0027

1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L m2 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Cross Culvert(1)
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2)
Cross Culvert(2)
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin / Cover(1) Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

3)
Catch Basin / No cover(1) Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Lined Side Ditch(1) m L m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

4)
Unlined Side ditch(1) 19.0 m L 19.0 m Heavy 1 1 1 0.142857143 0.0075 0.0075

5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) m L m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Carriage De-sliting(1) m2 Lx1.0(m) m2 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

6)
Total 2 2 2
(Oct. 16, 2015, Grass Cutting at KeRRA)

Form-1 (Oct. 16, 2015, Grass Cutting at KeRRA)
Form-1

Form-2
Form-2
Form-3 Form-3
Form-3
Location Kerugoya Client KURA Site KeNHA rd Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance No. 66 (C)
21.20 m Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 6m 0m 0m 15.20 m Total Length 0m 0 men 2015/10/2
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
-Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Grass Cutting(1) / Left m2 GW x L m2 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

1)
Grass Cutting(2) / Right 43.7 m2 GW x L 22.68 m2 Normal 1 1 1 0.142857143 0.0033 0.0063

Cross Culvert(1)
7.65 m 7.65 m Normal 1 1.5 1.5 0.214285714 0.0280 0.0280
2)
Cross Culvert(2)
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

3)

4)
Unlined Side ditch(1) m L 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) m L m Normal 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Carriage De-sliting(1) m2 Lx1.0(m) m2 Heavy 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

6)
Total 2 2.5 2.5

1.2. Example of PR Survey Summary Form
APPENDIX 8
62
Summary of Survey Result
Lined Side Ditch(1) Lined Side Ditch(2) Unlined Side ditch(1) Unlined Side ditch(2) Carriage De-sliting(1) Carriage De-sliting(2)
Grass Cutting1 Grass Cutting2 Cross Culvert(1) Catch Basin / No Cover(1) Catch Basin / No cover(2)
/de-silted volume /de-silted volume / de-silted volume / de-silted volume / de-silted area / de-silted area
Name of Project
Length m2 md m2 md pcs pcs pcs m m m m m2 m2
RA
Maintained Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour
Person Person Person Person Person Person Person Person Person Person Person
day day day day day day day day day day day
1 Kirichwa(1) KURA 200.0 2,800.0 337.9 1.00 Normal 200.0 12.9 1.71 Normal 200.0 7.5 0.90 Normal 200.0 97.2 1.71 Normal 200.0 85.0 1.71 Normal
2 kirichwa(2) KURA 370.5 4,075.5 664.9 3.57 Normal 1.0 1.0 1.14 Heavy 370.5 28.0 4.29 Normal 370.5 70.5 3.75 Normal 370.5 70.5 3.75 Normal
3 Kirichwa(3) KURA 303.0 3,333.0 168.8 0.29 Normal 3,333.0 178.2 0.14 Normal 303.0 189.0 2.57 Normal 303.0 110.0 1.71 Normal 303.0 90.0 0.86 Normal 303.0 43.4 0.57 Normal
4 Excel Industries KURA 331.0 331.0 39.0 0.86 Normal 331.0 29.0 0.86 Normal 331.0 50.0 0.48 Light 331.0 119.7 0.14 Light
5 Likoni Rd KURA 112.8 282.0 268.4 1.14 Normal 564.0 456.8 1.14 Normal
6 Dennis Prit Rd KURA 210.0 2,079.0 91.0 0.74 Normal 192.4 109.0 1.24 Normal 210.0 31.5 0.66 Normal 210.0 31.5 0.66 Normal
7 Dorobo Rd KURA 304.0 1,124.8 447.7 1.47 Normal 1,124.8 478.8 0.67 Normal 304.0 91.2 0.86 Normal 486.4 347.4 0.57 Normal
8 Jabavu Lane KURA 236.0 967.6 484.2 0.43 Normal 967.6 94.0 0.33 Normal 236.0 125.6 0.86 Normal 236.0 73.7 1.05 Normal 236.0 71.0 0.43 Normal 236.0 40.5 0.64 Normal
9 Theta Lane KURA 65.0 84.5 52.0 0.29 Normal 84.5 49.2 0.86 Normal
10 Processional Way 1st day KURA 483.4 5,680.0 873.5 1.14 Light 5,680.0 948.7 1.14 Light 483.4 483.4 0.29 Light 483.4 115.6 0.29 Light 483.4 119.7 0.57 Light
11 Processional Way 2nd day KURA 126.3 1,484.0 647.9 0.86 Normal 1,484.0 948.7 0.64 Normal
12 Ralph Bunche Rd KURA 352.6 4,513.3 350.3 0.29 Light 4,513.3 398.7 0.36 Light 352.6 64.0 0.29 Normal 352.6 211.6 1.00 Normal 352.6 154.7 0.71 Normal
13 Access to Excel undust1 KURA 435.5 435.5 88.3 0.52 Normal 435.5 266.6 0.29 Light 435.5 265.7 0.93 Light 435.5 44.1 0.14 Light
14 Access to Excel undust2 KURA 111.1 111.1 96.1 0.43 Light
15 Eastern Bypass service lane KURA 245.5 245.5 245.5 0.57 Light 245.5 54.0 0.29 Light
16 Excel Indust20150303(1). KURA 225.6 2,639.5 1,266.6 0.64 Normal 225.6 67.6 0.81 Normal 225.6 67.7 0.59 Normal 225.6 30.6 0.29 Normal
17 Excel Indust20150303(2). KURA 166.3 166.3 166.3 0.33 Light
18 eastern service lane KURA 169.0 169.0 169.0 0.86 Normal
22 Service lane near cabanas KURA 294.3 3,796.5 51.9 0.29 Normal 294.3 90.1 1.14 Light
23 Service Lane KURA 210.7 210.7 22.7 1.14 Light
25 Eastern Bypass SL KURA 77.6 77.6 46.9 1.79 Normal
TRAINING RESULTS FOR PR SURVEY DONE BY JICA/KRB IN SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER 2015
26 Mombasa Rd-Eastern Bypass KURA 200.7 200.7 150.7 3.36 Normal
27 4th Ngong Avenue KURA 374.6 52.0 52.0 0.14 Light 70.2 70.2 0.14 Light 374.6 112.4 0.74 Normal
28 5th Ngong Avenue KURA 384.6 384.6 14.6 0.04 light 384.6 65.3 0.29 Normal
29 3rd Ngong Avenue KURA 158.7 53.1 53.1 0.05 Light 158.7 15.9 0.14 Normal 158.7 31.7 0.29 Normal
30 Jabavu Road KURA 667.5 1,802.3 25.0 0.02 Light 122.0 122.0 0.19 Light 667.5 209.9 0.71 Light 667.5 251.5 0.71 Light
31 1st Ngong Avenue KURA 320.0 320.0 84.9 0.25 Light 320.0 31.8 0.11 Light
32 3rd Ngong Avenue KURA 165.0 145.0 72.0 0.29 Light 165.0 82.5 0.14 Light
33 Muringa road KURA 272.7 886.3 40.0 0.07 Light 886.3 24.0 0.12 Light 272.7 159.4 0.36 Light 272.7 127.0 0.40 Light 272.7 72.7 0.29 Light 272.7 136.4 0.14 Light
34 Ndemi Road KURA 640.0 640.0 341.3 0.33 Light 640.0 205.8 0.33 Light 640.0 184.8 0.29 Light 640.0 188.7 0.29 Light
35 Statehouse Road KURA 1,499.2 1,499.2 456.7 0.57 Light 1,499.2 552.5 0.43 Light 1,499.2 449.8 1.14 Light 1,499.0 434.2 1.14 Light
36 Turbo Road KURA 435.6 53.9 53.9 1.57 Heavy 435.6 139.8 1.19 Normal
37 Elgeyo Marakwet Rd KURA 621.2 621.2 350.2 0.57 Light 621.2 522.9 0.60 Light 621.2 184.6 0.64 Light 621.2 178.1 0.57 Light
38 Makindi Rd KURA 498.6 498.6 96.8 0.36 Light 498.6 68.1 0.31 Light
39 Elgeyo Marakwet Rd KURA 79.8 79.8 69.4 0.10 Light
42 Gacharage-DB Thika KeRRA 732.4 1,062.0 732.4 0.67 Light 1,062.0 664.7 0.52 Light 732.4 271.0 3.86 Heavy 732.4 195.5 3.86 Heavy
47 Kangema - Kiriaini Rd KeRRA 438.2 1.0 1.0 0.01 Light 438.3 158.7 2.23 Heavy
48 Gacharage-DB Thika KeRRA 150.1 1.0 1.0 0.09 Light 150.1 150.1 1.71 Heavy
50 Kisii-kilgoris(boroko) KeNHA 16.6 1.0 1.0 0.12 Heavy 16.6 16.6 4.70 Heavy
51 Kisii-kilgoris(Magena) KeNHA 4.3 4.3 4.3 7.28 Heavy
52 Kisii-kilgoris(Magena) KeNHA 5.8 3.3 3.3 4.57 Heavy 5.8 5.8 2.14 Heavy
53 Kisii-kilgoris(Ogembo) KeNHA 439.0 3,029.1 746.3 0.36 Light 3,029.1 867.1 0.36 Light
54 Kisii-kilgoris(Nyangusu) KeNHA 6.4 1.0 1.0 0.05 Heavy 6.4 6.4 3.39 Heavy
55 Kisii-kilgoris(Menyinkwa) KeNHA 516.7 12.0 1.0 0.02 Normal 516.7 21.7 4.70 Heavy
56 Kisii-kilgoris(near kisii town) KeNHA 131.1 6.9 6.9 0.12 Normal 131.1 100.7 4.33 Normal
57 Kisii-kilgoris(near kisii town) KeNHA 213.0 2,023.5 638.6 0.40 Light 2,023.5 231.9 0.40 Light 213.0 54.4 3.07 Normal 213.0 19.5 0.86 Normal
58 Kisii-kilgoris(Menyinkwa) KeNHA 376.9 376.9 8.9 0.36 Normal
59 Kisii-kilgoris(kisii town) KeNHA 130.7 1.0 1.0 0.14 Light 65.4 36.2 0.74 Normal 65.4 13.0 0.64 Normal
60 Kisii-kilgoris(kisii town) KeNHA 140.4 70.2 58.8 1.33 Heavy 70.2 65.4 1.33 Heavy
61 Lanet njoro (pipeline) KeNHA 74.5 74.5 20.3 0.40 Normal
62 Lanet njoro (near pipeline) KeNHA 87.6 1.0 1.0 0.05 Light 85.7 85.7 0.19 Light 87.6 26.3 0.19 Light
63 Lanet njoro (Nakuru twn) KeNHA 215.2 4.5 4.5 0.21 Heavy 4.0 4.0 0.11 Light 107.6 96.9 2.50 Heavy 107.6 118.3 1.01 Light
64 Lanet njoro (pipeline) KeNHA 32.7 19.9 19.9 1.81 Heavy 12.8 12.8 0.81 Heavy
65 Lanet njoro (Nakuru twn) KeNHA 129.0 1.0 1.0 0.02 Light 61.7 61.7 2.71 Heavy 67.3 67.3 0.86 Normal
66(A) Lanet njoro (pipeline)(A) KeNHA 42.8 21.4 20.5 0.56 Normal 21.4 12.0 0.63 Normal
66(B) Lanet njoro (pipeline)(B) KeNHA 42.8 21.4 7.7 0.77 Normal 21.4 6.5 0.14 Normal
66(C) Lanet njoro (pipeline)(C). KeNHA 21.8 21.4 13.9 0.85 Normal
67 Lanet njoro (pipeline) KeNHA 20.0 10.0 6.1 0.49 Normal 10.0 6.9 0.46 Normal
68 Lanet njoro (Nakuru twn) KeNHA 74.3 5.5 5.5 1.24 Heavy 2.0 2.0 0.05 Light 17.8 17.8 0.38 Heavy 56.5 56.5 0.62 Heavy
69 Kerugoya1 KURA 15.5 15.5 0.05 Normal 74.3 52.0 0.19 Heavy
70 Kerugoya2 KURA 43.70 22.68 0.14 Normal 7.7 7.7 0.21 Normal
71 Processional Way KURA
72 Kerugoya3 KeRRA 639.2 538.9 0.43 Normal 940.00 737.50 0.43 Normal
Heavy 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 12 12 1.62 1 1 1.14 0 0 0.00 327 305 23.20 133 128 4.10 3,646 1,513 37.68 745 208 4.67 74 52 0.19 0 0 0.00
Normal 23,306 5,020 0.00 8,542 2,966 4.36 27 16 0.36 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 2,556 881 21.21 1,217 321 5.50 1,253 368 8.69 352 164 3.81 3,649 1,620 16.45 2,054 702 3.44
Light 18,997 3,406 2.96 16,132 2,470 2.38 0 0 0.00 11 11 0.48 0 0 0.00 4,432 2,681 4.12 2,869 1,917 3.49 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 6,891 1,940 8.17 5,934 1,655 4.27
Heavy 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 9 9 9 3 3 3 14 14 14 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
counts Normal 11 11 11 7 7 7 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 11 6 6 6 10 10 10 5 5 5 12 12 12 7 7 7
Light 7 7 7 5 5 5 0 0 0 7 7 7 0 0 0 13 13 13 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 15 11 11 11
1.3. Example of P/R Computation Form
1.3. Updated P/R Computation Form for additional P/R Survey
Summary of SRUQ
Simple Actual Person*day P/R(Actual) SRUQ(Actual) SRUQ(Actual)*1000 Simple/Actual Actual/Simple P/R(Simple) SRUQ(Simple) SRUQ(Simple)*1000
Heavy No Data
Normal 31,847 7,986 4.355 1,833.8 0.000545328 0.55 8,859.7 0.000112871 0.11
Grass Cutting(m2)
Light 35,129 5,876 5.336 1,101.3 0.000907981 0.91 5,321.1 0.000187932 0.19
Total(Ave.) 66,976 13,863 10 1,430.5 0.00069906 0.70 483% 21% 6,911.3 0.00014469 0.14
Heavy 12 12 1.619 7.4 0.134916667 134.92 10.4 0.096419045 96.42
Normal 27 16 0.356 43.6 0.022921452 22.92 61.0 0.01638096 16.38
Cross Culvert(m)
Light No Data
Total(Ave.) 39 28 2 13.9 0.071703396 71.70 140% 71% 19.5 0.051243283 51.24
Heavy 1 1 1.143 0.9 1.142857143 1,142.86 0.9 1.142857143 1,142.86
Normal No Data
Catch Basin(pcs)
Light 11 11 0.475 23.2 0.043194805 43.19 23.2 0.043194805 43.19
Total(Ave.) 12 12 2 7.4 0.134833333 134.83 100% 100% 7.4 0.134833333 134.83
VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST
Heavy 460 433 27.299 15.9 0.063070622 63.07 29.3 0.034084132 34.08
Normal 3,773 1,202 26.713 45.0 0.022230222 22.23 83.2 0.012013482 12.01
Lined Side Ditch(m)
Light 7,301 4,598 7.609 604.3 0.001654675 1.65 1,118.3 0.000894206 0.89
Total(Ave.) 11,534 6,233 62 101.1 0.009886347 9.89 185% 54% 187.2 0.005342702 5.34
Heavy 4,391 1,722 42.350 40.7 0.02459982 24.60 108.2 0.009245418 9.25
Normal 1,605 532 12.500 42.6 0.023489081 23.49 113.3 0.008827966 8.83
Unlined Side Ditch(m)
Light No Data
Total(Ave.) 5,997 2,254 55 41.1 0.024337549 24.34 266% 38% 109.3 0.009146848 9.15
Heavy No Data
Normal 5,703 2,322 19.893 116.7 0.008568364 8.57 365.5 0.002736169 2.74
Carrageway De-silting(m2)
Light 12,825 3,595 12.442 288.9 0.003460832 3.46 904.8 0.001105161 1.11
A8-8
Total(Ave.) 18,528 5,917 32 183.0 0.005464973 5.46 313% 32% 573.0 0.001745151 1.75
ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS
After Correction
P/R(Actual) Remarks SRUQ(Actual) SRUQ(Actual)*1000 Simple/Actual Actual/Simple P/R(Simple) SRUQ(Simple) SRUQ(Simple)*1000
Heavy 100 Assumption(From Normal and Little) 0.01 10.00 300.0 0.003333333 3.33
Normal 1,834 0.000545328 0.55 5,501.3 0.000181776 0.18
Grass Cutting(m2)
Light 1,101 0.000907981 0.91 3,304.0 0.00030266 0.30
Total(Ave.) 1,430 0.00069906 0.70 300% 33% 4,291.5 0.00023302 0.23
Heavy 7 0.134916667 134.92 (Assumption;3:1) 10.4 0.096419045 96.42
Normal 44 0.022921452 22.92 61.0 0.01638096 16.38
Cross Culvert(m)
Light 100 Assumption(From Heavy and Normal) 0.01 10.00 139.9 0.007146563 7.15
Total(Ave.) 14 0.071703396 71.70 140% 71% 19.5 0.051243283 51.24
Heavy 1 1.142857143 1,142.86 2.6 0.380952381 380.95
Normal 5 Assumption(From Heavy and Little) 0.2 200.00 15.0 0.066666667 66.67
Catch Basin(pcs)
Light 23 0.043194805 43.19 69.5 0.014398268 14.40
Total(Ave.) 7 0.134833333 134.83 300% 33% 22.2 0.044944444 44.94
Normal 45 0.022230222 22.23 83.2 0.012013482 12.01
Lined Side Ditch(m)
Light 604 0.001654675 1.65 1,118.3 0.000894206 0.89
Total(Ave.) 101 0.009886347 9.89 185% 54% 187.2 0.005342702 5.34
Heavy 41 0.02459982 24.60 108.2 0.009245418 9.25
Normal 43 0.023489081 23.49 113.3 0.008827966 8.83
Light 600 Assumption(From Lined Side Ditch Little) 0.001666667 1.67 1,596.5 0.000626388 0.63
Total(Ave.) 41 0.024337549 24.34 266% 38% 109.3 0.009146848 9.15
Heavy 50 Assumption(From Normal and Little) 0.02 20.00 156.6 0.006386678 6.39
Normal 117 0.008568364 8.57 365.5 0.002736169 2.74
Light 289 0.003460832 3.46 904.8 0.001105161 1.11
APPENDIX 8
Total(Ave.) 183 0.005464973 5.46 313% 32% 573.0 0.001745151 1.75
63
2. Analysis of PR Survey
APPENDIX 8
64
2.1. Ex-samples of PR Survey Results

2. Drill for Analysis of PR Survey
2.1.1. P-1 Project (2 lanes paved Road)/1
2.1. Ex-samples of PR Survey Results
P-1
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary Normal 8 mh Normal 9 mh
Normal 2000m2 Normal 2000m2

Normal 000m2 0 mh
21 mh 21 mh
Normal 12000m2 50m
Heavy 7 mh
Surveyed Width
Lined Ditch W=1.0m 200 mh
Heavy
6 mh
h 2 mh h 2 mh
Side Walk
Normal 0 5m 1 mh Normal 1 0m mh Normal 0 5m 4 mh

A8-9
15m
h h
18m 2 mh
Carriage Way 2 mh 18m
Normal 1 0 m 4mh Normal 0 5m 7 mh
Side Walk
Note)
Condition Grass Cutting Cross Culvert Linded Ditch Unlined Ditch Carriage Way
No Grass / No Silt
Grass Cutting / Desilting

P-2
Sta. 0+000 Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000

Normal 2000m2 20 mh
0 mh 4 mh
Normal 1 000m2 50m
Normal 2 mh
Surveyed Width
Normal
2 mh
h 1 mh h 1 mh
Side Walk
Normal 1 0m 2 mh Normal 1 0m 2 mh Normal 0 5m mh

15m
h h
18m 1 mh
Normal 1 0m mh Normal 0 5m 6 mh
A8-10
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt
APPENDIX 8
65
APPENDIX 8
66
P-3
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary Heavy 40 mh Heavy 26 mh
Heavy 2500m2 Heavy 2000m2

Heavy 2500m2 200 mh
200 mh 150 mh
Heavy 12000m2 50m
Heavy 6 mh
Surveyed Width
Heavy
8 mh
Heavy 50 mh Heavy 100 mh
Side Walk
h 0 5m 0 5 mh h 0 5m 1 mh h 0 5m 2 mh
15m
Heavy
Heavy
18m 20 mh
h 1 0m 1mh h 0 5m mh
A8-11
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt

2.1.4.
2.1.4. P-4 Project (2 lanes pavedpaved
Road)/4Road)/4
P-4 Project (2 lanes
P-4
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
h 1500m2 h 2000m2
h 2000m2 20 mh
20 mh 15 mh
h 1 000m2 50m
h 0 5 mh
Surveyed Width
h
VOLUME 1: MANUALA8-12
0 5 mh
Side Walk
Heavy 0 5m 8 mh Heavy 1 0m 7mh Heavy 0 5m 10 mh

15m
h h
18m 1 mh
Carriage Way 1 5 mh 18m
Heavy 1 0m 5mh Heavy 0 5m 10 mh

FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt
APPENDIX 8
67
2.1.5.
2.1.5.P-5 P-5
Project (2 lanes
(2paved
lanesRoad)/5
APPENDIX 8
Project paved Road)/5
68
P-5
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary h 1 mh h 1 mh

Normal 2500m2 40 mh
40 mh 15 mh
Normal 1 000m2 50m
Heavy 9 mh
Surveyed Width
Heavy
10 mh
Normal 20 mh Normal 0 mh
Side Walk

15m
Normal Normal
18m mh
Carriage Way mh 18m
A8-13
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt

P-6
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary h 2 mh h 1 mh

Heavy 2000m2 150 mh
200 mh 150 mh
Heavy 14000m2 50m
Normal 1 mh
Surveyed Width
Normal
1 mh
Side Walk
h 0 5m 1 mh h 0 5m 1mh h 0 5m 2 mh
15m
Normal Normal
18m 2 mh
h 1 0m 1mh h 0 5m mh
A8-14
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt
APPENDIX 8
69
2.1.7.
2.1.7. P-7 Project (2 lanes pavedpaved
Road)/7Road)/7
APPENDIX 8
P-7 Project (2 lanes
70
P-7
Sta. 0+000 Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000

Heavy 1900m2 140 mh
190 mh 200 mh
Heavy 14000m2 50
h 1 mh
Surveyed Width
hl
1 mh
Side Walk

15m
Heavy Heavy
18m 20 mh
A8-15
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt

P-8
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
h 1500m2 h 2000m2
h 2000m2 10 mh
10 mh 10 mh
h 14000m2 50m
h 1 mh
Surveyed Width
hl
1 mh
h 1 mh h 2 mh
Side Walk
h 0 5m 1 mh h 1 0m 2mh h 0 5m 2 mh
15m
h h
18m 2 mh
h 1 0m 1mh h 0 5m 2 mh
A8-16
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt
APPENDIX 8
71
APPENDIX 8
72
P-9 with Median

Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Normal 6,000m2 80 mh
Normal 1800m2 0 mh Normal 2,500m2
Normal 40 mh
50m
1 mh Normal 1 mh
Lined Ditch W=1.0m
Normal 2 mh
Normal 20 mh Normal 0 mh Normal 10 mh
Side Walk
Surveyed Width
Heavy 0 5m 6mh
11m
Normal Normal
30m 30m
mh
Carriage Way mh 30m Normal 30m
4 mh
Heavy 1 0m 25 mh
Heavy 0 5m 6mh
A8-17
Median Normal 480m2 10mh Normal 480m2 10mh 3m
Heavy 0 5m 4 mh
11m
Heavy 0 5m 40 mh
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt

P-10 (With median)

Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary h 2 mh h mh
h 8,000m2 45 mh
h 2,000m2 17 mh h 1,500m2
h 15 mh
50m
0 5 mh h 0 5 mh
Lined Ditch W=1.0m
h 1 mh
Normal 40 mh Normal 70 mh Normal 10 mh
Side Walk
Surveyed Width
h 1 0m mh
11m
h h
30m 30m
2 mh
Carriage Way 2 mh 30m h 30m
2 mh
h 1 0m mh
h 0 5m mh
A8-18
Median Light 600m2 4mh Light 480m2 4mh 3m
h 0 5m mh
11m
h 0 5m 6 mh
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt
APPENDIX 8
73
2.1.11. P-1 Project (2 lanes unpaved Road)/1
APPENDIX 8
74
P-11 (Unpaved)
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary
Normal 400m2 Normal 900m2 15 mh

Normal 700m2 10 mh
Normal 8 mh
10m
2 mh Normal 2 mh
Surveyed Width
Lined Ditch W=1.0m
h 4 mh h mh
Side Walk
15m
Normal Normal
18m 2 mh
A8-19
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt

P-12 (Unpaved)
Surveyed Length
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary
Heavy 500m2 Heavy 1,000m2 80 mh

Heavy 800m2 50 mh
Heavy 40 mh
10m
7 mh Heavy 9 mh
Surveyed Width
Lined Ditch W=1.0m
Normal 15 mh Normal 16 mh
Side Walk
15m
Heavy Heavy
18m 20 mh
A8-20
Side Walk
Note)
No Grass / No Silt
APPENDIX 8
75
2.2.
2.2. Examples of Form-3
Ex-samples of Form-3
2.2.1.
2.2.1. P-1P-1
Project (2 lanes paved Road)/1
Project (2 lanes paved Road)/1
Form-3
2.2. Location Ex-samples of Form-3
P-1 Client P-1 Site P-1 Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance No. 66 (C)
65.00 m Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 15 m 1m 0m 49.00 m Total Length 1000 m 0 men 2015/10/12
2.2.1. P-1 Project (2 lanes paved Road)/1 Asset Quantity Labour Input SRUQ
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Form-3 Worked Items
(Equipment)
Q'ty Unit Q'ty (Vol) Unit nos nos nos working hours (man day/Qty) (man day/Qty)
Productivity Survey Summary Form Labor Based Works -Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Location P-1 Client a P-1 Site b P-1
-Light Weather
c Sunny d e f Initial Mobilization
j=e×f Period ／ Routine
Man day ps Maintenance
= j / 7a pa= j / 7b No. 66 (C)
Grass (Wr) 65.00 m
Cutting(1) / Left Width of Carriage Way (Wc)
50,000.0 15
m2m GW x L (LL) 119,000.0
m m2(RL) Normal0 m 49.00 m Total Length 1 1000 m272 0 men 2015/10/12
Reserve Ditch (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors 272 38.85714286 0.0008 0.0020
1)
Cross Culvert(1)
54.0 Simple
m Quantity Actual
36.0Quantitym Light Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor 1 Labors 4 4 0.571428571 (4)
0.0106 (5)
0.0159
2) Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Cross Culvert(2) Q'ty Unit Q'ty (Vol) Unit nos nos nos working hours (man day/Qty) (man day/Qty) (Equipment)
m m -Heavy 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0a Pcs 2.0b Pcs Heavy-Light c d e 1 f 13 j=e×f 13 1.857142857
Man day ps0.6190
= j / 7a 0.9286
pa= j / 7b
3) Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 19,000.0 m2 Normal 1 272 272 38.85714286 0.0008 0.0020
1) Catch Basin / No cover(1) Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Lined Side
Cross Ditch(1)
Culvert(1) 600.0 m L 240.0 m Light 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0010 0.0024
4) 54.0 m 36.0 m Light 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0106 0.0159
2) Lined Side Ditch(2) m L m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
UnlinedCulvert(2)
Cross Side ditch(1) 640.0 m L 240.0 m Normal 1 17 17 2.428571429 0.0038 0.0101
5) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Heavy 1 13 13 1.857142857 0.6190 0.9286
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 140.0 m2 Normal 1 8 8 1.142857143 0.0011 0.0082
6) Catch Basin / Cover(2) Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3) Carriage De-sliting(2) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 180.0 m2 1 11 11 1.571428571 0.0016 0.0087
Total 7 329 329
Note)
Lined Side Ditch(1) To use one sheet per day L 47.0 1day = 7 working hours
600.0 m 240.0 m Light 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0010 0.0024
4) To fill only the number of workers who are engaged in PBC works Man Day
Lined Side Ditch(2) m tally the number Lof workers or equipment for PBC works
Total number of workers or equipment shall m on site. 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!875
Unlined Side ditch(1) To specify structures to be 640.0

maintained m L 240.0 m Normal 1 17 17 2.428571429 0.0038 122.5
0.0101
5) To fill the maintained Q'ty which includes places/areas that don’t require any actual maintenance works

6)

Carriage De-sliting(2)
Total
1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 180.0 m2 1
7
11
329
11
329
1.571428571 0.0016 0.0087
Form-3
Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site. 875
To specify structures to be maintained 122.5
Location To fill the maintained Q'ty
P-2 which includes places/areas that don’t require any actual
Client Site maintenance works Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance No. 66 (C)
2.2.2.
2.2.2. P-2P-2
Project (2 lanes
Project (2paved
lanesRoad)/2
paved Road)/2 Asset Quantity Labour Input SRUQ
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Form-3 Worked Items
(Equipment)
Q'ty Unit Q'ty (Vol) Unit nos nos nos working hours (man day/Qty) (man day/Qty)
Productivity Survey Summary Form Labor Based Works -Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Location P-2 Client a Site b -Light Weather
c Sunny d e f Initial Mobilization
j=e×f Period ／ Routine
Man day ps Maintenance
= j / 7a pa= j / 7b No. 66 (C)
Grass (Wr) 65.00 m
Cutting(1) / Left Width of Carriage Way (Wc)
50,000.0 15
m2m GW x L (LL) 120,000.0
m m2(RL) Normal0 m 49.00 m Total Length 1 1000 m294 0 men 2015/10/12
Reserve Ditch (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors 294 42 0.0008 0.0021
1)
Cross Culvert(1)
54.0 Simple
m Quantity Actual
36.0Quantitym Light Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor 1 Labors 3 3 0.428571429 (4)
0.0079 (5)
0.0119
2) Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Cross Culvert(2) Q'ty Unit Q'ty (Vol) Unit nos nos nos working hours (man day/Qty) (man day/Qty) (Equipment)
m m -Heavy 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0a Pcs 2.0b Pcs Normal
-Light c d e 1 f 4 j=e×f 4 0.571428571
Man day ps0.1905
= j / 7a 0.2857
pa= j / 7b
3) Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 20,000.0 m2 Normal 1 294 294 42 0.0008 0.0021
Lined Side
Cross Ditch(1)
Culvert(1) 600.0 m L 280.0 m Light 1 2 2 0.29 0.0005 0.0010
4) 54.0 m 36.0 m Light 1 3 3 0.428571429 0.0079 0.0119
2) Lined Side Ditch(2) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
UnlinedCulvert(2)
Cross Side ditch(1) 640.0 m L 280.0 m Normal 1 21 21 3 0.0047 0.0107
5) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Unlined Side ditch(2) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.1905 0.2857
6) Catch Basin / Cover(2) Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3) Carriage De-sliting(2) 1,000.0 m2 160.0 m2 Normal 1 9 9 1.285714286 0.0013 0.0080
Total 7 342 342
Note)
Lined Side Ditch(1) To use one sheet per day L 48.9 1day = 7 working hours
600.0 m 280.0 m Light 1 2 2 0.29 0.0005 0.0010
4) To fill only the number of workers who are engaged in PBC works Man Day
Lined Side Ditch(2) m tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works
Total number of workers or equipment shall m on site. 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
777.7777778
maintained m L 280.0 m Normal 1 21 21 3 0.0047 124.4444444
0.0107
5) To fill the maintained Q'ty which includes places/areas that don’t require any actual maintenance works

6)
Carriage De-sliting(2) 1,000.0 m2 160.0 m2 Normal 1 9 9 1.285714286 0.0013 0.0080
Total 7 342 342
Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site. 777.7777778
A8-21

Form-3
Location P-3 Client Site Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance No. 66 (C)
2.2.3. P-3 Project (2 lanes paved Road)/3 Simple Quantity

Asset Quantity
Actual Quantity Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor

Labour Input
Labors (4)
SRUQ
(5)
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
Productivity Survey Summary Form Labor Based Works -Normal
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 19,000.0 m2 Heavy 1 1350 1350 192.8571429 0.0039 0.0102
1) 65.00 m Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 15 m 1m 0m 49.00 m Total Length 1000 m 0 men 2015/10/12
Reserve (LL) Ditch (RL) (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors
Grass (Wr)
Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L m2 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Cross Culvert(1) Asset Quantity Labour Input SRUQ
54.0 m 36.0 m Heavy 1 38 38 5.428571429 0.1005 0.1508
2) Simple Quantity Actual Quantity Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors (4) (5)
Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0!
Simple #DIV/0!
Actual
Cross Culvert(2) SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Q'ty m
Unit Q'ty (Vol) m
Unit nos nos nos working hours 0 0 (man
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
day/Qty) (man day/Qty) (Equipment)
-Heavy
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs Remarks 2.0 Pcs Heavy Remark 1 14 14 2 0.6667 1.0000
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) a b -Light c d e f j=e×f Man day 0 ps = j / 7a pa= j / 7b
Pcs Pcs 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3)
Catch Cutting(1)
Grass Basin / No/ cover(1)
Left 50,000.0 Pcs
m2 GW x L 19,000.0 Pcs
m2 Heavy 1 1350 13500 192.85714290 #DIV/0!
0.0039 #DIV/0!
0.0102
1)
Catch Cutting(2)
Right Pcs
m2 GW x L Pcs
m2 00 00 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Lined Side Ditch(1) 600.0 m
Pcs L 360.0 m
Pcs Heavy 1 150 150
0 21.42857143
0 0.0357
#DIV/0! 0.0595
#DIV/0!
4) Cross Culvert(1)
m 36.0 m
m Heavy 1 38 380 5.4285714290 #DIV/0!
0.1005 #DIV/0!
0.1508
2)
Unlined Side ditch(1) 640.0 m
Pcs L 360.0 m
Pcs Heavy 1 65 65
0 9.285714286
0 0.0145
#DIV/0! 0.0258
#DIV/0!
5) Cross Culvert(2)
Unlined Side ditch(2) m
m m
m 00 00 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Carriage
Catch De-sliting(1)
Basin / Cover(1) 1,000.0
3.0 m2
Pcs Lx1.0(m) 140.0
2.0 m2
Pcs Light
Heavy 11 3.5
14 3.5
14 0.5
2 0.0005
0.6667 0.0036
1.0000
6)
Carriage
Catch De-sliting(2)
Basin / Cover(2) 1,000.0 m2
Pcs 160.0 m2
Pcs 1 4 04 0.571428571
0 0.0006
#DIV/0! 0.0036
#DIV/0!
3)
Catch
Total Basin / No cover(1) Pcs Pcs 7 1624.5 0
1624.5 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin
Note)/ No cover(2) To use one sheet per day Pcs Pcs 0
232.1 0 1day
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
= 7 working hours
Lined Side Ditch(1) To fill only the number of workers

600.0 who are
m engaged in PBC L
works 360.0 m Heavy 1 150 Man Day 150 21.42857143 0.0357 0.0595
4) Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site. 2000
Lined Side Ditch(2)
To specify structures to be maintained m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!280
Unlined Side ditch(1) To fill the maintained Q'ty which

640.0 includesm
places/areas that don’t
L require any actual360.0
maintenance works
m Heavy 1 65 65 9.285714286 0.0145 0.0258
5)
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 140.0 m2 Light 1 3.5 3.5 0.5 0.0005 0.0036

6)
Carriage De-sliting(2) 1,000.0 m2 160.0 m2 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0006 0.0036
Total 7 1624.5 1624.5
Form-3
To specify structures to be maintained ／ Routine Maintenance 280
Location P-4 Client Site Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period No. 66 (C)


Asset Quantity

Labour Input
Labors (4)
SRUQ
(5)
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 18,500.0 m2 Light 1 105 105 15 0.0003 0.0008
Reserve (LL) Ditch (RL) (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors
Grass (Wr)
Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L m2 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

54.0 m 36.0 m Light 1 2.5 2.5 0.357142857 0.0066 0.0099
Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0!
Simple #DIV/0!
Actual
Worked Items
Q'ty m
Unit Q'ty (Vol) m
Unit nos nos nos working hours 0 0 (man
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
day/Qty) (man day/Qty) (Equipment)
-Heavy
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs Remarks 2.0 Pcs Light Remark 1 1 1 0.142857143 0.0476 0.0714
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) a b -Light c d e f j=e×f Man day 0 ps = j / 7a pa= j / 7b
3)
Catch Cutting(1)
Left 50,000.0 Pcs
m2 GW x L 18,500.0 Pcs
m2 Light 1 105 1050 150 #DIV/0!
0.0003 #DIV/0!
0.0008
1)
Catch Cutting(2)
Right Pcs
m2 GW x L Pcs
m2 00 00 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Pcs L 240.0 m
Pcs Heavy 1 105 105
0 15
0 0.0250
#DIV/0! 0.0625
#DIV/0!
4) Cross Culvert(1)
m 36.0 m
m Light 1 2.5 2.50 0.3571428570 #DIV/0!
0.0066 #DIV/0!
0.0099
2)
Unlined Side ditch(1) 640.0 m
Pcs L 280.0 m
Pcs Heavy 1 45 45
0 6.428571429
0 0.0100
#DIV/0! 0.0230
#DIV/0!
5) Cross Culvert(2)
Unlined Side ditch(2) m
m m
m 00 00 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Carriage
Catch De-sliting(1)
Basin / Cover(1) 1,000.0
3.0 m2
Pcs Lx1.0(m) 140.0
2.0 m2
Pcs Heavy
Light 11 25
1 25
1 3.571428571
0.142857143 0.0036
0.0476 0.0255
0.0714
6)
Carriage
Catch De-sliting(2)
Basin / Cover(2) 1,000.0 m2
Pcs 120.0 m2
Pcs 1 15 15
0 2.142857143
0 0.0021
#DIV/0! 0.0179
#DIV/0!
3)
Catch
Total Basin / No cover(1) Pcs Pcs 7 298.5 0
298.5 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin
42.6 0 1day
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
= 7 working hours
Lined Side Ditch(1) To fill only the number of workers

600.0 who are
m engaged in PBC L
works 240.0 m Heavy 1 105 Man Day 105 15 0.0250 0.0625
Lined Side Ditch(2)
To specify structures to be maintained m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!39.2

640.0 includesm
L require any actual280.0
maintenance works
m Heavy 1 45 45 6.428571429 0.0100 0.0230
5)
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 140.0 m2 Heavy 1 25 25 3.571428571 0.0036 0.0255

6)
Total 7 298.5 298.5
A8-22

Form-3
2.2.5. P-5 Project (2 lanes paved Road)/5 Simple Quantity Actual Quantity Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors (4) (5)
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Productivity Survey Summary Form a Labor Based Works b -Light c d e f j=e×f Man day ps = j / 7a pa= j / 7b
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 19,000.0 m2 Normal 1 245 245 35 0.0007 0.0018
1)Width of Road Left Lined Ditch Right Lined Grass Cutting Width Number of
Grass Cutting(2) / 65.00 m
Right Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 15
m2m GW x L (LL) 1m m2(RL) 0m 49.00 m Total Length 1000 m 0 men#DIV/0! 2015/10/12
Reserve (Wr) Ditch (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors 0 0 #DIV/0!

54.0 m 36.0 m Normal 1 6 6 0.857142857 0.0159 0.0238
2)
Simple
Pcs Quantity Actual Quantity
Pcs Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors 0 0 (4)
#DIV/0! (5)
#DIV/0!
Cross Culvert(2) Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs -Heavy
Heavy 1 19 19 2.714285714 0.9048 1.3571
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) a Pcs b Pcs -Light c d e f j=e×f 0 Man day 0 #DIV/0!
ps = j / 7a #DIV/0!
pa= j / 7b
3)
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 19,000.0 m2 Normal 1 245 245 35 0.0007 0.0018
Lined Side Ditch(1) 600.0 m L 360.0 m Normal 1 50 50 7.142857143 0.0119 0.0198
4) Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Lined
Cross Side Ditch(2)
Culvert(1) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
54.0 m 36.0 m Normal 1 6 6 0.857142857 0.0159 0.0238
2) Unlined Side ditch(1) 640.0 m L 240.0 m Light 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0004 0.0012
Unlined Side ditch(2)
Cross Culvert(2) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6) Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Heavy 1 19 19 2.714285714 0.9048 1.3571
3)
Total 7 368 368
Note)/ No cover(2)
Catch Basin To use one sheet per day 52.6 1day = 7 working hours
Lined Side Ditch(1) Total number of workers or600.0 m tally the number Lof workers or equipment
equipment shall 360.0 m on site.
for PBC works Normal 1 50 50 7.142857143 0.0119 0.0198
259.2592593
4)
Lined Side Ditch(2) To specify structures to be maintained m m 0 0 #DIV/0! 41.48148148
#DIV/0!
Unlined Side ditch(1) 640.0 m L 240.0 m Light 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0004 0.0012
5)

6)
1,000.0
1,000.0
m2
m2
Lx1.0(m) 160.0
140.0
m2
m2
Heavy 1
1
27
19
27
19
3.857142857
2.714285714
0.0039
0.0027
0.0241
0.0194
Total 7 368 368
Form-3 Note) To use one sheet per day 52.6 1day = 7 working hours
To fillForm
Productivity Survey Summary only the number of workers who are engagedLabor
in PBC works
Based Works Man Day
2.2.6.
Width of Road
Reserve (Wr)
P-6 Project (2 lanes paved Road)/6
65.00 m
To fill the maintained Q'ty which includes places/areasLeft
Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 15 m
thatLined
don’tDitch
(LL)
require any actual maintenance
1m
Rightworks
Lined
Ditch (RL)
0m
Grass Cutting Width
(GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL)
49.00 m Total Length 1000 m
Number of
Labors
0 men 2015/10/12
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Grass Cutting(2) 65.00 m
/ Right Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 15
Reserve (Wr) Ditch (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors 0 0 #DIV/0!

54.0 m 36.0 m Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0106 0.0159
2)
Simple
Pcs Quantity Actual Quantity
Pcs Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors 0 0 (4)
#DIV/0! (5)
#DIV/0!
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs -Heavy
Normal 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0952 0.1429
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) a Pcs b Pcs -Light c d e f j=e×f 0 Man day 0 #DIV/0!
ps = j / 7a #DIV/0!
pa= j / 7b
3)
Lined Side Ditch(1) 600.0 m L 280.0 m Heavy 1 120 120 17.14285714 0.0286 0.0612
Lined
Cross Side Ditch(2)
54.0 m 36.0 m Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0106 0.0159
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 140.0 m2 Light 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0006 0.0041
6) Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Normal 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0952 0.1429
3)
Total 7 1437 1437
Note)/ No cover(2)
Catch Basin To use one sheet per day 205.3 1day = 7 working hours
for PBC works Heavy 1 120 120 17.14285714 0.0286 0.06121750
4)
Lined Side Ditch(2) To specify structures to be maintained m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!245
5)

6)
Total 7 1437 1437
To specify structures to be maintained 245
A8-23

Form-3

Asset Quantity

Labour Input
Labors (4)
SRUQ
(5)
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
Reserve
Grass (Wr)
Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L (LL) Ditch (RL)
m2 (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors
0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

54.0 m 36.0 m Heavy 1 40 40 5.714285714 0.1058 0.1587
Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0!
Simple #DIV/0!
Actual
Worked Items
Q'ty m
Unit Q'ty (Vol) m
Unit nos nos nos working hours 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! (Equipment)
(man day/Qty) (man day/Qty)
-Heavy
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) a Pcs b Pcs -Light c d e f j=e×f 0 Man day 0 ps = j / 7a
#DIV/0! pa= j / 7b
#DIV/0!
3)
1)
4) Cross Culvert(1)
Lined Side Ditch(2) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
54.0 m 36.0 m Heavy 1 40 40 5.714285714 0.1058 0.1587
2)
Unlined Side ditch(1) 640.0 m L 400.0 m Heavy 1 80 80 11.42857143 0.0179 0.0286
5)
Cross Culvert(2)
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 200.0 m2 Heavy 1 21 21 3 0.0030 0.0150
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Light 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0952 0.1429
6)
3)
Catch
Total Basin / No cover(1) Pcs Pcs 7 1878 1878
0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin
268.3 0 1day
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
= 7 working hours
4) Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site. 333.3333333
Lined Side Ditch(2) To specify structures to be maintained m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
66.66666667
640.0includesm
L require any actual 400.0
maintenance works
m Heavy 1 80 80 11.42857143 0.0179 0.0286
5)
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 200.0 m2 Heavy 1 21 21 3 0.0030 0.0150

6)
Total 7 1878 1878
Form-3
Location To specify structures to
P-8 be maintained
Client Site Weather Sunny Initial Mobilization Period ／ Routine Maintenance 66.66666667 No. 66 (C)
2.2.8.
Width of Road
Reserve (Wr) P-8 Project (2 lanes paved Road)/8
65.00 m Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 15 m
Left Lined Ditch
(LL)
1m
Right Lined
Ditch (RL)
0m
Grass Cutting Width
49.00 m Total Length 1000 m
Number of
Labors
0 men 2015/10/12

Asset Quantity

Labour Input
Labors (4)
SRUQ
(5)
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 19,500.0 m2 Light 1 110 110 15.71428571 0.0003 0.0008
Reserve
Grass (Wr)
Cutting(2) / Right m2 GW x L (LL) Ditch (RL)
m2
(GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors
0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

54.0 m 36.0 m Light 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0106 0.0159
Pcs Pcs 0 0 #DIV/0!
Simple #DIV/0!
Actual
Worked Items
Q'ty m
Unit Q'ty (Vol) m
-Heavy
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) a Pcs b Pcs -Light c d e f j=e×f 0 Man day 0 ps = j / 7a
#DIV/0! pa= j / 7b
#DIV/0!
3)
Catch Cutting(1)
Basin / No/ cover(1) Pcs Pcs
Grass Left 50,000.0 m2 GW x L 19,500.0 m2 Light 1 110 1100 15.714285710 #DIV/0!
0.0003 #DIV/0!
0.0008
1)
Catch Cutting(2)
Basin / No/ cover(2) Pcs Pcs
Grass Right m2 GW x L m2 00 00 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Lined Side Ditch(1) 600.0 m L 320.0 m 1 3 03 0.428571429 0.0007 0.0013
Light
4) Cross Culvert(1)
Lined Side Ditch(2) m m
54.0 m 36.0 m Light 1 4 40 0.5714285710 #DIV/0!
0.0106 #DIV/0!
0.0159
2)
Unlined Side ditch(1) 640.0 m L 320.0 m Normal 1 30 30 4.285714286 0.0067 0.0134
5) Cross Culvert(2)
Unlined Side ditch(2) m m
m m 00 00 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Carriage De-sliting(1) 1,000.0 m2 Lx1.0(m) 160.0 m2 11 25 25 0.714285714 0.0007 0.0045
Light
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Light 0.285714286 0.0952 0.1429
6)
Carriage De-sliting(2) 1,000.0 m2 120.0 m2 1 3
Catch Basin / Cover(2) Pcs Pcs 03 0.428571429
0 0.0004
#DIV/0! 0.0036
#DIV/0!
3)
Catch
157 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch Basin
22.4 0 1day
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
= 7 working hours
Lined Side Ditch(1) To fill only the number of workers who are engaged in PBC works
L
Man Day
600.0 m 320.0 m Light 1 3 3 0.428571429 0.0007 0.0013

640.0includesm
L require any actual 320.0
maintenance works
m Normal 1 30 30 4.285714286 0.0067 0.0134
5)

6)
Total 7 157 157
A8-24

Form-3
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Grass Cutting(1) / Left 53,000.0 m2 GW x L 11,260.0 m2 Normal 1 170 170 24.28571429 0.0005 0.0022
Grass (Wr) 65.00 m
Cutting(2) / Right Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 22
Reserve Ditch (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors 0 0 #DIV/0!

120.0 m 90.0 m Normal 1 10 10 1.428571429 0.0119 0.0159
2)
Simple
Pcs Quantity Actual QuantityPcs Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors 0 0 (4)
#DIV/0! (5)
#DIV/0!
m m 0 0 #DIV/0!
SRUQ #DIV/0!
SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 4.0 Pcs 3.0 Pcs Normal
-Heavy 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.1429 0.1905
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) Pcs Pcs 0
a b -Light c d e f j=e×f Man day 0 #DIV/0!
ps = j / 7a #DIV/0!
pa= j / 7b
3)
Lined Side
Cross Ditch(2)
120.0 m 90.0 m Normal 1 10 10 1.428571429 0.0119 0.0159
2) Unlined Side ditch(1) 680.0 m L 320.0 m Normal 1 24 24 3.428571429 0.0050 0.0107
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6) Catch Basin / Cover(1) 4.0 Pcs 3.0 Pcs Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.1429 0.1905
3) Total 7 349 349
378.3783784
4)
Lined Side Ditch(2) To specify structures to be maintained m m 0 0 #DIV/0! 45.40540541
#DIV/0!
5)

6)
2,000.0
2,000.0
m2
m2
Lx1.0(m) 240.0
300.0
m2
m2
Heavy 1
1
37
44
37
44
5.285714286
6.285714286
0.0026
0.0031
0.0220
0.0210
Total 7 349 349
Form-3 Note) To use one sheet per day 49.9 1day = 7 working hours
Productivity Survey Summary
To fillForm
only the number of workers who are engagedLabor Based Works
in PBC works Man Day

Width of Road To fill the
Width ofmaintained Q'ty (Wc)
Carriage Way which includes places/areasLeft
thatLined
don’tDitch
require any actual maintenance
Rightworks
Lined Grass Cutting Width Number of
men 2015/10/12
65.00 m 22 m 1m 0m 42.00 m Total Length 1000 m 0
Simple Actual
SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Form-3 -Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Grass (Wr) 65.00 m
Cutting(2) / Right Width of Carriage Way (Wc) 22
Reserve Ditch (GW)=(Wr)-(Wc)-(LL)-(RL) Labors 0 0 #DIV/0!

120.0 m 90.0 m Light 1 6 6 0.857142857 0.0071 0.0095
2)
Simple
Pcs Quantity Actual QuantityPcs Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors 0 0 (4)
#DIV/0! (5)
#DIV/0!
m m 0 0 #DIV/0!
SRUQ #DIV/0!
SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 4.0 Pcs 3.0 Pcs Light-Heavy 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0714 0.0952
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(2) Pcs Pcs 0
a b -Light c d e f j=e×f Man day 0 #DIV/0!
ps = j / 7a #DIV/0!
pa= j / 7b
3)
Lined Side
Cross Ditch(2)
120.0 m 90.0 m Light 1 6 6 0.857142857 0.0071 0.0095
UnlinedCulvert(2)
Cross Side ditch(2) m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6) Catch Basin / Cover(1) 4.0 Pcs 3.0 Pcs Light 1 2 2 0.285714286 0.0714 0.0952
3) Total 7 225 225
4)
5)

6)
Total 7 225 225
A8-25

Form-3
2.2.11. P-11 Project (2 lanes unpaved Road)/1 Asset Quantity Labour Input SRUQ
Simple Actual
Form-3 Worked Items SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
-Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Reserve
Grass (Wr)
Cutting(1) / Left 10,000.0 m2 GW x L (LL) 2,000.0 Ditch (RL)
m2 Normal
1 33 Labors
33 4.714285714 0.0005 0.0024
1)
Cross Culvert(1) Simple Quantity Actual Quantity Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors (4) (5)
54.0 m 36.0 m Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0106
Simple 0.0159
Actual
2) SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Q'ty Pcs
Unit Q'ty (Vol) Pcs
Cross Culvert(2)
-Heavy
m Remarks m Remark 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0a Pcs 2.0b Pcs -Light
Normal c d e 1 f 4 j=e×f 4 Man day
0.571428571 ps0.1905
= j / 7a pa= j / 7b
0.2857

3)
1)
Cross Culvert(1)
Lined Side Ditch(1) m L m 1 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
54.0 m 36.0 m Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.0106 0.0159
4)
2)
Cross Culvert(2)
Unlined Side ditch(1) 720.0 m L 440.0 m Light 1 7 7 1 0.0014 0.0023
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5)
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Normal 1 4 4 0.571428571 0.1905 0.2857
Carriage De-sliting(1) m2 Lx1.0(m) m2 1 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6)
3)
Carriage De-sliting(2) m2 m2 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Catch
0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Lined Side Ditch(1)

Note) To use one sheet per day m L m 1 0
6.9 0 1day
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
= 7 working hours
4)
Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site. #DIV/0!
maintained m L 440.0 m Light 1 7 7 1 0.0014 0.0023
#DIV/0!
5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) To fill the maintained Q'ty which includesm
places/areas that don’t require any actual maintenance works
m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

6)
Total 6 48 48
Form-3 Total number of workers or equipment shall tally the number of workers or equipment for PBC works on site. #DIV/0!
Productivity Survey Summary Form
To specify structures to be maintained Labor Based Works #DIV/0!

2.2.12. P-12 Project (2 lanes unpaved Road)/2 Asset Quantity Labour Input SRUQ
Simple Actual
Form-3 Worked Items SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
-Heavy
Remarks Remark
-Normal
Reserve
Grass (Wr)
Cutting(1) / Left 10,000.0 m2 GW x L (LL) 2,300.0 Ditch (RL)
m2 Heavy
1 170 Labors
170 24.28571429 0.0024 0.0106
1)
Cross Culvert(1) Simple Quantity Actual Quantity Work Difficulty Foreman Supervisor Labors (4) (5)
54.0 m 36.0 m Heavy 1 35 35 5 0.0926
Simple 0.1389
Actual
2) SRUQ SRUQ Remarks
Worked Items
Q'ty Pcs
Unit Q'ty (Vol) Pcs
Cross Culvert(2)
-Heavy
m Remarks m Remark 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
-Normal
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0a Pcs 2.0b Pcs Heavy-Light c d e 1 f 16 j=e×f 16 Man day
2.285714286 ps0.7619
= j / 7a pa= j / 7b
1.1429

3)
1)
Cross Culvert(1)
Lined Side Ditch(1) m L m 1 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
54.0 m 36.0 m Heavy 1 35 35 5 0.0926 0.1389
4)
2)
Cross Culvert(2)
m m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5)
Catch Basin / Cover(1) 3.0 Pcs 2.0 Pcs Heavy 1 16 16 2.285714286 0.7619 1.1429
6)
3)
Catch
0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Lined Side Ditch(1)

Note) To use one sheet per day m L m 1 0
36.0 0 1day
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
= 7 working hours
4)
maintained m L 400.0 m Normal 1 31 31 4.428571429 0.0062 0.0111
#DIV/0!
5)
Unlined Side ditch(2) To fill the maintained Q'ty which includesm
places/areas that don’t require any actual maintenance works
m 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

6)
Total 6 252 252
To specify structures to be maintained #DIV/0!

2.3. Summary Form for Ex-samples of PR Survey Results
APPENDIX 8
82
2.3. Summary Form for Ex-samples of PR Survey Results
Summary of Survey Result
Lined Side Ditch(1) Unlined Side ditch(1) Carriage De-sliting(1) Carriage De-sliting(2)
Grass Cutting1 Cross Culvert(1) Catch Basin / No Cover(1)
/de-silted volume / de-silted volume / de-silted area / de-silted area

Name of Project
Length m2 pcs pcs m m m2 m2
RA
Maintained Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour Simple Actual Labour
Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day Person day
1 P-1 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 19,000.0 42.00 Normal 54.0 36.0 0.57 Light 3.0 2.0 1.86 Heavy 600.0 240.0 0.57 Light 640.0 240.0 2.43 Normal 2,000.0 320.0 2.71 Normal
2 P-2 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 20,000.0 42.00 Normal 54.0 36.0 0.43 Light 3.0 2.0 0.57 Normal 600.0 280.0 0.29 Light 640.0 280.0 3.00 Normal 2,000.0 320.0 2.57 Normal
3 P-3 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 19,000.0 192.86 Heavy 54.0 36.0 5.43 Heavy 3.0 2.0 2.00 Heavy 600.0 360.0 21.43 Heavy 640.0 360.0 9.29 Heavy 2,000.0 300.0 1.07 Light
4 P-4 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 18,500.0 15.00 Light 54.0 36.0 0.36 Light 3.0 2.0 0.14 Light 600.0 240.0 15.00 Heavy 640.0 280.0 6.43 Heavy 2,000.0 260.0 5.71 Heavy
5 P-5 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 19,000.0 35.00 Normal 54.0 36.0 0.86 Normal 3.0 2.0 2.71 Heavy 600.0 360.0 7.14 Normal 640.0 240.0 0.29 Light 2,000.0 300.0 6.57 Heavy
6 P-6 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 19,400.0 185.71 Heavy 54.0 36.0 0.57 Normal 3.0 2.0 0.29 Normal 600.0 280.0 17.14 Heavy 640.0 280.0 0.43 Light 2,000.0 260.0 1.14 Light
7 P-7 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 19,400.0 218.57 Heavy 54.0 36.0 5.71 Heavy 3.0 2.0 0.29 Light 600.0 360.0 27.14 Heavy 640.0 400.0 11.43 Heavy 2,000.0 320.0 5.14 Heavy
8 P-8 KRB 1,000.0 50,000.0 19,500.0 15.71 Light 54.0 36.0 0.57 Light 3.0 2.0 0.29 Light 600.0 320.0 0.43 Light 640.0 320.0 4.29 Normal 2,000.0 280.0 1.14 Light
9 P-9 KRB 1,000.0 53,000.0 11,260.0 24.29 Normal 120.0 90.0 1.43 Normal 4.0 3.0 0.57 Normal 880.0 440.0 8.57 Normal 680.0 320.0 3.43 Normal 4,000.0 540.0 11.57 Heavy
10 P-10 KRB 1,000.0 53,000.0 12,580.0 12.14 Light 120.0 90.0 0.86 Light 4.0 3.0 0.29 Light 880.0 640.0 15.71 Normal 680.0 280.0 0.71 Light 4,000.0 760.0 2.43 Light
11 P-11 KRB 1,000.0 10,000.0 2,000.0 4.71 Normal 54.0 36.0 0.57 Normal 3.0 2.0 0.57 Normal 720.0 440.0 1.00 Light
12 P-12 KRB 1,000.0 10,000.0 2,300.0 24.29 Heavy 54.0 36.0 5.00 Heavy 3.0 2.0 2.29 Heavy 720.0 400.0 4.43 Normal
A8-27
Heavy 160,000 60,100 621.43 162 108 16.14 12 8 8.86 2,400 1,240 80.71 1,920 1,040 27.14 10,000 1,420 29.00 0 0 0.00
Normal 213,000 71,260 148.00 282 198 3.43 13 9 2.00 2,360 1,440 31.43 3,320 1,560 17.57 4,000 640 5.29 0 0 0.00
Light 153,000 50,580 42.86 336 234 2.79 13 9 1.00 1,800 840 1.29 2,680 1,240 2.43 10,000 1,600 5.79 0 0 0.00
Heavy 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0
counts Normal 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 0
Light 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 0 0 0
2.4. P/R Computation Form for Ex-samples of PR Survey Results
2.4. P/R Computation Form for Ex-samples of PR Survey Results
Summary of SRUQ
Simple Actual Person*day P/R(Actual) SRUQ(Actual) SRUQ(Actual)*1000 Simple/Actual Actual/Simple P/R(Simple) SRUQ(Simple) SRUQ(Simple)*1000
Heavy 160,000 60,100 621.429 96.7 0.01033991 10.34 279.6 0.003576508 3.58
Normal 213,000 71,260 148.000 481.5 0.002076901 2.08 1,392.0 0.000718387 0.72
Grass Cutting(m2)
Light 153,000 50,580 42.857 1,180.2 0.000847314 0.85 3,412.0 0.00029308 0.29
Total(Ave.) 526,000 181,940 812 224.0 0.00446458 4.46 289% 35% 647.6 0.001544269 1.54
Heavy 162 108 16.143 6.7 0.149470899 149.47 9.7 0.103479853 103.48
Normal 282 198 3.429 57.8 0.017316017 17.32 83.4 0.011988012 11.99
Cross Culvert(m)
Light 336 234 2.786 84.0 0.011904762 11.90 121.3 0.008241758 8.24
Total(Ave.) 780 540 22 24.2 0.041402116 41.40 144% 69% 34.9 0.028663004 28.66
Heavy 12 8 8.857 0.9 1.107142857 1,107.14 1.3 0.757518797 757.52
Normal 13 9 2.000 4.5 0.222222222 222.22 6.6 0.152046784 152.05
Catch Basin(pcs)
Light 13 9 1.000 9.0 0.111111111 111.11 13.2 0.076023392 76.02
Total(Ave.) 38 26 12 2.2 0.456043956 456.04 146% 68% 3.2 0.312030075 312.03

Heavy 2,400 1,240 80.714 15.4 0.065092166 65.09 28.6 0.034927504 34.93
Normal 2,360 1,440 31.429 45.8 0.021825397 21.83 85.4 0.011711189 11.71
Lined Side Ditch(m)
Light 1,800 840 1.286 653.3 0.001530612 1.53 1,217.6 0.000821304 0.82
Total(Ave.) 6,560 3,520 113 31.0 0.032224026 32.22 186% 54% 57.8 0.017290941 17.29
Heavy 1,920 1,040 27.143 38.3 0.026098901 26.10 79.0 0.012654013 12.65
Normal 3,320 1,560 17.571 88.8 0.011263736 11.26 183.1 0.005461205 5.46
Light 2,680 1,240 2.429 510.6 0.001958525 1.96 1,053.1 0.000949588 0.95
Total(Ave.) 7,920 3,840 47 81.5 0.012276786 12.28 206% 48% 168.0 0.005952381 5.95
Heavy 10,000 1,420 29.000 49.0 0.020422535 20.42 321.1 0.003114437 3.11
Normal 4,000 640 5.286 121.1 0.008258929 8.26 794.0 0.001259487 1.26
Light 10,000 1,600 5.786 276.5 0.003616071 3.62 1,813.4 0.000551451 0.55
A8-28
Total(Ave.) 24,000 3,660 40 91.3 0.010948478 10.95 656% 15% 598.9 0.001669643 1.67
After Correction
P/R(Actual) Remarks SRUQ(Actual) SRUQ(Actual)*1000 Simple/Actual Actual/Simple P/R(Simple) SRUQ(Simple) SRUQ(Simple)*1000
Heavy 97 0.01033991 10.34 290.1 0.003446637 3.45
Normal 481 0.002076901 2.08 1,444.5 0.0006923 0.69
Grass Cutting(m2)
Light 1,180 0.000847314 0.85 3,540.6 0.000282438 0.28
Total(Ave.) 224 0.00446458 4.46 300% 33% 672.0 0.001488193 1.49
Normal 58 0.017316017 17.32 83.4 0.011988012 11.99
Cross Culvert(m)
Light 84 0.011904762 11.90 121.3 0.008241758 8.24
Total(Ave.) 24 0.041402116 41.40 144% 69% 34.9 0.028663004 28.66
Heavy 1 1.107142857 1,107.14 2.7 0.369047619 369.05
Normal 5 0.222222222 222.22 13.5 0.074074074 74.07
Catch Basin(pcs)
Light 9 0.111111111 111.11 27.0 0.037037037 37.04
Total(Ave.) 2 0.456043956 456.04 300% 33% 6.6 0.152014652 152.01
Normal 46 0.021825397 21.83 85.4 0.011711189 11.71
Lined Side Ditch(m)
Light 653 0.001530612 1.53 1,217.6 0.000821304 0.82
Total(Ave.) 31 0.032224026 32.22 186% 54% 57.8 0.017290941 17.29
Heavy 38 0.026098901 26.10 79.0 0.012654013 12.65
Normal 89 0.011263736 11.26 183.1 0.005461205 5.46
Light 511 0.001958525 1.96 1,053.1 0.000949588 0.95
Total(Ave.) 81 0.012276786 12.28 206% 48% 168.0 0.005952381 5.95
Heavy 49 0.020422535 20.42 321.1 0.003114437 3.11
Normal 121 0.008258929 8.26 794.0 0.001259487 1.26
Light 277 0.003616071 3.62 1,813.4 0.000551451 0.55
APPENDIX 8
Total(Ave.) 91 0.010948478 10.95 656% 15% 598.9 0.001669643 1.67
83
3. Analysis of Standardized Quantity Survey
APPENDIX 8
84
3.1. Ex-sample of Survey Results (2 lanes road)

3. Drill for Analysis of Standardized Quantity Survey
COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary
13m 15m 14m 15m 11m 12m

Lined Ditch W=1.0m
Side Walk
11.0m
13m 13m
Side Walk
Lined Ditch W=2.0m

A8-29BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT
19m 16m 16.5m 15m 17m 18m
Unlined Ditch W=2.0m
Boundary
3.2. Results of Survey (2 lanes road)
Summary of Standardized Quantity Survey (Simple Q'ty)
Road Name Ngong Road

Location From Prestige towards Ngong
Lengh 1 km
Work Item Unit Quantity Remarks
Grass Cutting m2 27,900
Cross Culvert m 39
Catch Basin pcs 6
Lined Ditch m 1,460
Unlined Ditch m 740
Carriage Way Cleaning m2 2,000 L x 2m

Simple Quantity Survey for Lined/Unlined Ditch
Left Center Right

Grass Grass
Grass Cum. Grass
Lined Inner & Carriage Inner & Lined Cutting Cutting
Cutting Area cutting area
Distance Ditch Outer Zone Way Outer Zone Ditch Width Width
Station
(D)
LOC+ROC- Average
LLD LOC CW ROC RLD Average (W)
LLD-RLD (D)x(W)
0+000 0 13 11 19 0 32
0+200 200 1 15 11 16 2 28 30 6,000 6,000
0+400 200 1 14 11 16.5 2 27.5 27.75 5,550 11,550
0+600 200 1 15 11 15 2 27 27.25 5,450 17,000
0+800 200 0 11 11 17 2 26 26.5 5,300 22,300
1+000 200 0 12 11 18 0 30 28 5,600 27,900
Note) LOC :Left Off Carriageway
Left Right
Length Length
Lined or Lined or
From To From To
Unlined Unlined
Lined Unlined Lined Unlined
Lined 0+060 0+320 260 0 Lined 0+080 0+200 120 0

Lined 0+360 0+400 40 0 Lined 0+200 0+400 200 0
Lined 0+400 0+600 200 0 Lined 0+400 0+600 200 0
Lined 0+600 0+760 160 0 Lined 0+600 0+680 80 0
0 Lined 0+760 0+960 200 0
0
0
0 Unlined 0+120 0+200 80
0 0+200 0+400 200
0 0+400 0+600 200
0 0+600 0+800 200
0 0+800 0+860 60
0
0
Total 660 Total 800 740

A8-31
Simpe Quantity Survey for Catch Basin
Left Right
At Number At Number
0 + 160 1 0 + 160 1
0 + 450 1 0 + 560 1
0 + 760 1 0 + 760 1
Total 3 Total 3
Simpe Quantity Survey for Cross Culvert
At Length (m)
0 + 160 13
0 + 560 13
0 + 760 13
Total 39

APPENDIX 8
88
Sta. 0+000
Sta. 0+200
Sta. 0+400
Sta. 0+600
Sta. 0+800
Sta. 1+000
Boundary
14m 16m 12m 20m 14m 14m

Lined Ditch W=2.5m
Side Walk
10m
1.5m Median
21m 21m
10m
Side Walk
A8-33
Lined Ditch W=2.0m
20m 18m 17.5m 18m 20m 28m
Unlined Ditch W=2.0m
Boundary
3.4. Results of Survey (4 lanes road)
Summary of Standardized Quantity Survey (Simple Q'ty)
Road Name Ngong Road

Location From Prestige towards Ngong
Lengh 1 km
Work Item Unit Quantity Remarks
Grass Cutting m2 7,900
Cross Culvert m 42
Catch Basin pcs 4
Lined Ditch m 1,200
Unlined Ditch m 840
Carriage Way Cleaning 4 Lanes m2 4,000 L x 2m x 2

Left Center Right

Grass
Grass Cutting Grass
Lined Inner & Carriage Carriage Inner & Lined Cutting
Median Width Cutting Area
Ditch Outer Zone Way Way Outer Zone Ditch Width
Station Distance
LOC+M+ROC-
LLD LOC LCW M RCW ROC RLD Average Average
LLD-RLD
0+000 0.0 14.0 10.0 1.5 10.0 20.0 0.0 35.5
0+200 200 2.5 16.0 10.0 1.5 10.0 18.0 2.0 31.0 33.3 6,650.0
0+400 200 2.5 12.0 10.0 1.5 10.0 17.0 2.0 26.0 28.5 5,700.0
0+600 200 2.5 20.0 10.0 1.5 10.0 18.0 2.0 35.0 30.5 6,100.0
0+800 200 0.0 14.0 10.0 1.5 10.0 20.0 0.0 35.5 35.3 7,050.0
1+000 200 0.0 14.0 10.0 1.5 10.0 28.0 0.0 43.5 39.5 7,900.0
33,400.0
Note) LOC : Left Off Carriageway
Left Right
Length Length
Lined or Lined or
From To From To
Unlined Unlined
Lined Unlined Lined Unlined
Lined 0+040 0+240 200 0 Lined 0+080 0+200 120 0

Lined 0+360 0+400 40 0 Lined 0+200 0+400 200 0
Lined 0+400 0+600 200 0 Lined 0+400 0+600 200 0
Lined 0+600 0+760 160 0 Lined 0+600 0+680 80 0
0
0
0
0 Unlined 0+000 0+200 200
0 0+200 0+280 80
0 0+360 0+400 40
0 0+400 0+600 200
0 0+600 0+800 200
0 0+800 0+920 120
0
0
Total 600 Total 600 840
A8-35
Simpe Quantity Survey for Catch Basin
Left Right
At Number At Number
0 + 160 1 0 + 160 1
0 + 450 1 0 + 560 1
Total 2 Total 2
Simpe Quantity Survey for Cross Culvert
At Length (m)
0 + 160 21
0 + 560 21
Total 42

Appendix 9: Recommendations by KRB on Indirect Cost,
Overhead/Profit and Build-up of Unit Rates
13th October, 2015
KRB/PP /38.00/ A/Vol. IV (32)
JICA Experts (KeNHA)

P.O Box 49712 - 00100
NAIROBI.
Attn. Mr Hiroshi Tsujino
Dear Sir,
RE: FINAL DRAFT ON COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR ROAD

MAINTENANCE UNDER PERFORMANCE BASED CONTRACTS
KRB has reviewed the CEM submitted vide email on 17th September, 2015. KRB would like
to commend JICA for the well prepared guidelines which will contribute to improvement
in planning and implementation of procurement of road maintenance works in the
country.
KRB recommends for a further review of the following unit rates in the cost estimation
manual:
1. Indirect Cost – The example given in Table 6.4 is for projects in Japan and may not be
applicable in Kenyan context. It is recommended that a review of road infrastructure
projects is carried out to determine the % of indirect costs. In the interim, it is
proposed that the percentage of indirect cost is set to a maximum 30% of direct cost,
just like other classical road contracts.
2. Overhead & Profit – The example given in Table 6.4 is for projects in Japan and
may not be , applicable, in Kenyan context. It is recommended that a review of
road, infrastructure projects is, carried out to determine the % of indirect costs In
the interim, it is proposed that the maximum percentage for profit and overheads
margin is set at 10% of direct and indirect cost. The manual should also clearly state
that the profit margin and other overheads include those directly incurred by the
contractor but not the client. .

3. Labour Cost – These costs should be based on gazetted Government wage rates by
Region and occupation as issued by the Ministry of Labour.
4. Vehicle Costs – These rates should be based on rates from Government Mechanical
and Transport Services of Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Mechanical and
Transport Division as reviewed from time to time.
5. Fuel Cost – The fuel rates used should be those provided by the Energy Regulatory
Commission of Kenya.
This is submitted for your information and further action.
Yours faithfully,
CP A Rashid Mohamed,
General Manager, Finance
FOR: EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Cost Estimation Sub-Working Group Members
Name Organization
Eng. Francis Gitau Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
Eng. Wilson Kosgey Kenya Roads Board
Eng. Margaret Ogai Kenya Roads Board
Eng. Tom Omai Kenya Roads Board
Maureen Wangui Kenya National Highways Authority
Winnie Owiti Kenya National Highways Authority
Opuge Ephraim Kenya National Highways Authority
Eunice Wanjiru Kenya National Highways Authority
Julius Kaliti Kenya Institute of Highways and Building Technology
Walter Ochieng Kenya Wildlife Services
Eng. Maurice Akech National Construction Authority
Chris Gachanja Public Procurement Oversight Authority
Advisors
Hiroshi Tsujino JICA Chief Advisor P.E Jp.
Hidetsugu Ikeda JICA Expert
Takashi Nakajima JICA Short Term Expert, P.E Jp.
Hiroshi Mita JICA Short Term Expert, P.E Jp.
Yoshihisa Noda JICA Short Term Expert, P.E Jp.
Yoriko Kawakami JICA Short Term Expert
Takumi Uno JICA Short Term Expert
Robert Mutai JICA/Consultant, Kenya Staff
Jared N. Onyoni JICA/Consultant, Kenya Staff

National Working Group Members
Name Organization
Eng. P. M. Mwinzi Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
Eng. Francis Gitau Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
Kenji Yokota JICA – Kenya Office
Dr. Steve Mogere JICA – Kenya Office
Eng. Margaret Ogai Kenya Roads Board
Eng. George M. Kiiru Kenya National Highways Authority
Opuge Ephraim Kenya National Highways Authority
Winnie Owiti Kenya National Highways Authority
Eng. Amos Ombok Kenya Urban Roads Authority
Eng. N. N. Nganga Kenya Rural Roads Authority
Julius Kaliti Kenya Institute of Highways and Building Technology
Eng. Maurice Akech National Construction Authority
Walter Ochieng Kenya Wildlife Services
Chris Gachanja Public Procurement Oversight Authority
Hiroshi Tsujino JICA Chief Advisor P.E Jp.
Hidetsugu Ikeda JICA Expert

Jica Cost Estimate

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COST ESTIMATION MANUAL

FOR PERFORMANCE BASED

Artwork by John Agutu

VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS iii

iv COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

Eng. Patrick Mwinzi

VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS v

Abbreviations and Acronyms

vi COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

1.1 Background and Objectives

1.2. Structure of Cost Estimation Manual

Table 1-1 Structure of Cost Estimation Manuals

Vol Name of Manual User Objectives

1 Manual for Cost Estimation KRB Cost and Affiliated Surveys

VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS 1

1.3. PBC Works and Instructed Works

Table 1-2 PBC Works and Instructed Works

Work Type PBC Works Instructed Works

Payment Method Based on Km-Monthly Lump Sum Based on Bill of Quantities

Initiator Contractor Client

Table 1-3 Details of Instructed Works

Instructed Works Bill of Quantities Payment

Rehabilitation Works Prepared by the client Unit rate

2 COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

from PBC projects undertaken in 2014 and 2015.

1.4. Cost Structure for Estimation

c) Overhead & Profit

Note: Using the Framework of the COSTES Manual 2011

Figure 1-1 Principal Structure of PBC Cost Estimation

VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS 3

Table 1-4 Contents of Cost Estimation Components

Components Cost Estimation Elements

Maintenance costs for the PBC Works such as repair of carriageway

• Site Staff Allowances Cost computation for these items is

• Head Office Staff Salaries and Allowances

4 COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

1.5. Definition of SRUQ and P/R

Figure 1-3 SRUQ and P/R

2. Role of Cost Estimation Administrator

VOLUME 1: MANUAL FOR COST ESTIMATION ADMINISTRATORS 5

Table 2-1 PDCA Cycle for Cost Estimation Related Activities

A (Action) Manual Update (See 2.2) Every Year

Note) SRUQ : Standard Resource Usage per (Unit) Quantity

3. PDCA Cycle for Cost Estimation

2015 2016 2017

July to Feb 3 4 5 6 July to Feb 3 4 5 6 7

Figure 3-1 Cost Estimation PDCA Cycle Schedule

6 COST ESTIMATION MANUAL FOR PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE CONTRACT

4. Cost Estimation Methods of PBC Works

Table 4-1 PBC Works

No Categories Description Cost Element

Table 4-2 6 Major Labour-Based Work

2 Cross Culvert De-silting

3 Catch Basin De-silting

4 Lined Side Ditch De-silting

5 Unlined Side Ditch De-silting

6 Carriage Way Cleaning