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Number Systems Cla.s 9 Notes CBSE Maths Chapter 1 (PDF)

This document provides an overview of number systems and real numbers. It defines the different types of real numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It then discusses decimal expansions of real numbers as terminating, non-terminating recurring, or non-terminating non-recurring. Operations on real numbers such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are also covered. Finally, it briefly introduces laws of exponents for real numbers.

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Muhammad Asghar
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176 views4 pages

Number Systems Cla.s 9 Notes CBSE Maths Chapter 1 (PDF)

This document provides an overview of number systems and real numbers. It defines the different types of real numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It then discusses decimal expansions of real numbers as terminating, non-terminating recurring, or non-terminating non-recurring. Operations on real numbers such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are also covered. Finally, it briefly introduces laws of exponents for real numbers.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Asghar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision Notes

Class-9 Mathematics
Chapter 1 – Number Systems

• Real numbers and imaginary number together form number systems.


• We will discuss imaginary numbers in higher classes, let us restrict our
discussion to real numbers
• Real numbers are the set of natural numbers, whole numbers, integers,
rational and irrational numbers. Denoted by R
• Natural numbers:
• These are counting numbers from starting from 1 .
• The set 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.... is called natural numbers.
• Denoted by N
• Whole numbers:
• These are the set of natural numbers including 0 .
• The set 0,1,2,3,4,5,6.... is called whole numbers.
• Denoted by W
• Integers:
• These are the set of negative numbers, positive numbers and 0
excluding fractions.
• The set .... − 3, −2, −1,0,1,2,3.... is called integers.
• Denoted by Z
• Rational numbers:
• These are those number which can be expressed in the form of fraction
p
i.e., where p and q are integers and q  0 .
q
3 −2 −3
• For example: , , , etc.
5 9 4
• Denoted by Q
• There are infinitely many rational numbers between any two rational
numbers.
• Irrational numbers:
• These are those which are not rational i.e., which cannot be expressed

Class IX Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1


p
in the form of where p and q are integers and q  0 .
q
• For example: 2, 3, 5, etc.

Real Numbers and their Decimal Expansions


There are two cases of decimal expansions
1. Remainder becomes zero
• Decimal expansion of numbers whose remainder becomes zero after
some step is called terminating.
7
• For example: = 0.875 , the remainder becomes zero after some steps
8
2. Remainder never become zero
• Decimal expansion of numbers whose remainder never becomes zero
after some step is called non-terminating.
• It is further divided into non-terminating recurring and non-terminating
non-recurring.
• Non-terminating recurring means numbers which keep on repeating
the same value after decimal point.
9
• For example: = 0.818181....
11
• Non-terminating non-recurring means numbers which do not keep on
repeating the same value after decimal point but remainder never become
zero.
• For example: value of  = 3.141592653589793283....
• Decimal expansion of rational numbers is either terminating or non
terminating recurring.
• Decimal expansion of irrational numbers is non-terminating non
recurring.

Representing Real Number on Number Line


• Representation of real number on number line can be done by the process
of successive magnification.
• For example: If we want to locate 4.377 on the number line we proceed
by successive magnification i.e., 4.37 lies between 4 and 5 then loca
4.37 between 4.36 and 4.38 further divide this portion into ten equal

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parts then 4.377 will lie between 4.376 and 4.378 . The number line is
shown below

Operations on Real Numbers


• Real number can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided.
• For example:
Add 2 + 3 and 2 − 2 3
2+ 3+2−2 3
=4− 3
Subtract 2 + 3 and 2 − 2 3
(2 + 3) − (2 − 2 3)
=2+ 3−2+2 3
=3 3
Multiply 2 2 and 3 3
2 2 3 3
= 2  3 2  3
=6 6
Divide 10 15 by 5
10 15 10 3  5
= = 10 3
5 5

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• Some common facts of operation on real numbers are
1. The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number is
irrational.
2. The product or quotient of a non-zero rational number with an
irrational number is irrational.
3. If we add, subtract, multiply or divide two irrationals, then the result may
be rational or irrational.

Rationalizing denominator
• When denominator is irrational then the process of converting the
denominator rational is called rationalizing denominator.
• It is obtained by multiplying numerator and denominator by the irrational
term present in denominator but with opposite sign.
1
• For example: Rationalizing
2 +3
1 2 −3

2 +3 2 −3
2 −3
=
( )
2
2 − 32
2 −3
=
2−9
2 −3
=
−7

Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers


There are some laws of exponent for real numbers such as
a. x m .x n = x m+n
xm
b. n
= x m−n
x
c. (x )m n
= x mn
x m y m = ( xy )
m
d.

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