AN EXPERIMENT

DESIGNED TO FIND
OUT WHY CUNSUMERS
SHIFTING FROM CFL
TO LED LAMPS.
 SUBMITTED BY:
ACEREMO, BENZ ANDREW M.
ACEREMO, STEVEN LANCER M.
GARROTE, CLARK P.
LARAZO, JOHN CHRISTOPER D.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. DANLOR ALORSABES
 BACKGROUND
 With the continuous increase in expenses, engineers and innovators design
suitable improvements in hardware that will lessen consumers’ expenses. One of
these is the development of the commercial LED Lamps.
 The experiment aims to answer why customer is shifting to LED Lamps where in
we will design an experiment that will compare the energy efficiency of LED Lamp to
Compact Fluorescent Lamp. This is to contribute in efficient yet wise living of every
consumer.
 This experiment is composed of three parts. Those are the following:
 The designers will delve further studies about LED, Engineering Principles with
regards to Circuits, and Electronics Device and Circuit Theory. We will use this
information to gather materials needed in the design.
 The designers will simulate a circuit design in order to compare different
characteristics of different kinds of light bulbs. We will assemble a simple circuit
into a board which has a light receptacle and a switch. Different kinds of light bulbs
are to be placed on the light receptacle one at a time to observe its characteristics;
and compare each results in order to make a conclusion.
 The designers will gather data and interpret the gathered data using statistical
tools such as Kevin N. Otto and Erik K. Antonsson’s Trade-Off Strategies, which
we will employ the “Conservative Design” to trade-off performance margin
(lumens) and cost margin (price) in order to improve the safety margin (lifetime)
and energy margin (watts). In this experiment, we will only use the standard life of
every lamp instead of proving it in actual experiment. The other statistical tool that
designers will use is the capitalized cost.

 By the end of the experiment, the designers will be able to prove if the LED Lamp
is more energy and cost efficient that will make it more economical than the other
lighting technologies. Thus, consumers’ will have the idea on what light would
contribute to their more frugal life.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 What are the advantages of LED Lamps over other lighting
technologies such as CFLs?
 Are LED Lamps more energy efficient?
 Are LED Lamps more cost efficient?
 Is there a relationship between the properties of the lamps
such as:
 Relationship between Lumens and Life Time
 Relationship between Cost and Power Consumption
 DISCUSSION OF METHODOLOGY
 This experiment design is to be conducted to determine why
customers shifted to LED Lamps. In this experiment a process of
methodology is to be followed for project’s accomplishment.
Designers will gather needed materials to assemble the circuitry of
the experiment. The application of designer’s knowledge to apply
the engineering principles learned in the past courses. Afterwards,
the application of knowledge and principles will be used to design
the required circuit. After simulating and testing of the circuit, the
researchers would conduct the experiment to gather the required
data and analyze these data using statistical tools, such as Otto
and Antonson’s Model on Engineering Design, to find out the best
Lamps among the two (LED and CFL) and find out any relationship
between its variable properties.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
NEEDED LABORATORY MATERIALS
 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
• Prepare the needed materials in making the circuit board such as the board, light
receptacle, switch, and wires. And check each circuit elements if it’s okay to avoid
accidents.
• Make assumptions on where to place each circuit element on the board.
• Connect the wire to the terminals of the light receptacle. Make sure that the wire is
properly attached to the terminals to avoid accidents. And then attach the light
receptacle to the designated place on the board.
• Inspect first the switch if it’s in good condition. And then connect one of the wires
from the light receptacle to one of the terminal of the switch. Then connect another
wire to the other terminal of the switch. The wire must be properly attached to the
terminals of the switch.
• For the making of the post, use one long rectangular block of wood to serve as the
post then another block of wood enough to hold the lux meter during the testing.
Place the long block of wood beside the light receptacle vertically and use nail and
hammer to attach it. And then on the top of the long block of wood connect the
shorter block of wood right on top of the longer block of wood aligning with the light
receptacle. Then attach the lux meter on the short block of woodfacing the light
receptacle.
• And for the testing, attach the light bulbs one at a time to the light receptacle. Turn
on the switch in order to measure the lumens of each light bulb.

 TESTING
 We have conducted our tests in a controlled environment. The variable to
be gathered from these tests is the amount of lumens a lamp will
constantly produce. The environment is a laboratory room in which there
is ambient lighting, the lux meter is placed fifteen inches from the lamps.
This distance along with the ambient lighting will simulate the conditions
of an upside down overhead lighting fixture and will help reduce the lux
meter from overloading.

 When the set-up is finally finished we, the designers, have conducted the
experiment to measure the lumens a lamp will produce
ITERPRETATIONS OF DATA
Functionality (Lumens)

CFL 1810 Lumens after 1min. at 15 inches

LED 416 Lumens at 15 inches

Efficiency (Power Consumption)

CFL 24 watts

LED 3 watts

Safety (Lifetime)

CFL 15000 hours

LED 50000 hours

Economic (Initial Cost)

CFL P150

LED P120
 CFL LED

Lamp Lifespan (hours) 15,000hrs 50,000hrs

Watts 24W 3W

Cost per lamp P150 P120

KWh of electricity used over 3,600KWh 450KWh

150K hours

Cost of P37,836 P4,729.5

electricity (@P10.51 per
KWh)

Lamps needed for 150K 10 3

hours of use

Cost of all lamps P1,500 P360

TOTAL COST P39,336 P5,089.5

 FINDINGS
 Based on the Trade-off model, we have found out that LED Lamps traded off their
ability in providing the best lighting capabilities with the potential to last 3 times
more than CFL, and consume energy up to 8 times lesser than CFL. LED lamps
exceed other lamps in terms of cost efficiency. LED lamps bested other lighting
fixtures in three out four criteria.

CONCLUSION
Through the experiment and statistical treatments, we have found out why
consumers shifted to LED Lamps. LED lamps may not produce the brightest light
possible yet LED far exceed other lamps in terms of service life, energy efficiency,
and cost efficiency. Having bested the other lamps in three out of four criteria, it is
clear why customers shifted to LED Lamps.
 RECOMMENDATION
 We, the designers, recommend further studies and tests on this topic, especially
additional experiments that will compare more than two lamps. We recommend to
include halogen lamps, incandescent lamps, discharge lamps, filament lamps,
and Fluorescent Lamps, and other lighting fixtures. We also recommend that
future researchers would include, Purposes in the constraints, and also include
manufacture time and area and space in their constraints.

 We highly recommend further study on the relationship between lumens and
lifetime. We admit that the data for finding their relationship is inconclusive. The
graph yielded weak results and these are not enough to be conclusive