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Lecture 4

The document discusses various types of limits including limits at infinity, one-sided limits, and limits involving indeterminate forms. Examples are provided for evaluating infinite limits, horizontal asymptotes of rational functions, limits using squeeze theorem, and the precise definition of a limit. Key concepts covered include determining if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the degree of the denominator for horizontal asymptotes, and the requirement that the absolute value of f(x) - L must be less than epsilon for any value of x sufficiently close to a.

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navrajk022
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25 views

Lecture 4

The document discusses various types of limits including limits at infinity, one-sided limits, and limits involving indeterminate forms. Examples are provided for evaluating infinite limits, horizontal asymptotes of rational functions, limits using squeeze theorem, and the precise definition of a limit. Key concepts covered include determining if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the degree of the denominator for horizontal asymptotes, and the requirement that the absolute value of f(x) - L must be less than epsilon for any value of x sufficiently close to a.

Uploaded by

navrajk022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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31

Find lim and lim


→ →
32

Example 15: Evaluate the following infinite limits


𝑥+2
lim+
𝑥→−3 𝑥+3

𝑥+2
lim
𝑥→−3 𝑥 + 3

𝑥−1
lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2 (𝑥 + 2)

𝑥2 + 1
lim
𝑥→0 3𝑥 − 2𝑥2
33

Limits at infinity or Horizontal Asymptotes


A horizontal asymptote is the limit of a rational function as x approaches ∞ or -∞

Horizontal asymptotes occur when the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the degree of
the denominator
𝑃(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑋𝐸𝑅|𝑄(𝑥) ≠ 0}
𝑄(𝑥)

Example 16: Evaluate the following limits

2𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 1
lim
→ 𝑥 +𝑥+7

𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+1
lim
→ 𝑥 +𝑥+1
34

Example 17: Find the horizontal asymptotes of the following functions, if any
3𝑥 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥

3𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
5𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1

√2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥 − 5
35

3𝑥 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 + √4𝑥 + 5
36

More Limits
Example 18: Evaluate Each Limit
√𝑥 − 2
lim
𝑥→4 𝑥−4

√2𝑥 + 22 − 4
lim
𝑥→−3 𝑥+3

√1 + ℎ − √1 − ℎ
lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑥+1
lim
𝑥→−1 |𝑥 + 1|
37

√𝑥 − 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 4
lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) =
→ 8 − 2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 4

200
lim
𝑥→∞ 1 + 25𝑒−0.04𝑥

200
lim
𝑥→−∞ 1 + 25𝑒−0.04𝑥
38

𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑧𝑒 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚

If 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ ℎ(𝑥) when x is near a (except possibly at a) and lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ lim ℎ(𝑥) = 𝐿
→ →

Then lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐿


→

Example 19: Show that lim 𝑥 sin = 0


→
39

Example 20: Prove the following using squeeze theorem

cos 𝑥
lim =0
→ 𝑥−1

5
lim 𝑥 sin + 1 = 1
→ 𝑥

Example 21: Find lim 𝑓(𝑥) using squeeze theorem


→
5 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 2
40

Example 22: Evaluate the following limits


2 − cos 𝑥
lim
→ 𝑥+3

cos 2𝑥
lim
→ 3 − 2𝑥

𝑥 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)
lim
→ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
41

( )
Example 23: Find lim 𝑓(𝑥) if ≤ ≤
→
42

The Precise Definition of a Limit

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
→

If for every number 𝜀 > 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝛿 > 0 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑓 0 < |𝑥 − 𝑎| < 𝛿 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 |𝑓(𝑥) − 𝐿| < 𝜀

2𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 ≠ 3
Prove 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑓(𝑥) = 5 if 𝑓(𝑥) =
→ 6, 𝑥 = 3
43

Example 24: Prove each limit using the precise definition of a limit
2 + 4𝑥
lim =2
𝑥→1 3

lim √𝑥 = 0
𝑥→0+

lim(𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 5) = 1
𝑥→2

lim(8 − 3𝑥) = 2
𝑥→2

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