CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is a pregnancy in female

under the age of 20. It can occur sexual intercourse after the start of ovulation, which can be
before the first period usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13.

Pregnant teenagers face so many of the same pregnancy related issues as other
women. There are additional concerns for those under the age of 15, or they are less likely to
be physically developed to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth. For girls aged 15 to
19 risks are associated more with socioeconomics factors than with the biological effects of
age.

Teenage pregnancies are associated with social issues, including lower educational
levels and poverty. Teenage pregnancy in developed countries is usually outside of marriage
and carries a social stigma. Teenage pregnancy in developing countries often occurs within
marriage and half are planned. However, in these societies, early pregnancy may combine
malnutrition and poor health care to cause medical problems. When used in combinations,
educational interventions and access to birth control can reduce unintended teenage
pregnancies.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Low class
Reduce Dual responsibilities
performance
self-esteem

THE EFFECTS OF EARLY Poor physical and

TEENAGE PREGNANCY mental health

 Reduction in educational
Self-hate and neglect
Social Isolation attainment

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Teen pregnancy has been identified as a problem for teenagers, their families, and
society. However, there is a lack of research into teenager’s attitude towards pregnancy and
sexual health.

This study answers the following questions.

1. What are the causes for teenage pregnancies?

2. What factors contribute to early teenage pregnancy?

3. How can teenage pregnancies stopped or minimized?

DEFINITION OF THE STUDY

-Defining the most important and difficult words inside your research, especially in
INTRODUCTION.

*Adolescent- is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally

occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood.

*Ovulation- is the release of an egg from your ovary, into your fallopian tube.

*Socioeconomics- is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is
shaped by social processes.

*Biological- used in or produced by applied biology.

*Malnutrition- is a condition that results from eating a diet which does not supply a healthy
amount of one or more nutrients.

*Interventions- a combination of program elements or strategies designed to produced

behavior changes or improve health status among individuals.

*Unintended- not planned as a purpose goal: not deliberate or intended.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted to find out the extent of how extreme is the effect of the
major cause of teenage pregnancy to the educational development of student and out-of-
school youth in Banday, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte.

The result of this study will be great benefit to the following:

STUDENTS: It will give them information about the cause and possible effects of teenage
pregnancies to their studies once they got pregnant.

OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH: It will help them to be aware of not getting pregnant at teens
for the big chance at them to go back school or to be enrolled in ALS, for none high-school
graduate.

PARENTS: It enables them to realize their great role in educating their teenagers, protecting
and diverting them from early sex especially if without marriage.

TEACHERS: It will help them to be informed how important education to the development
of children to manhood.

SCHOOL ADMNISTRATORS- It would provide them information of the importance of

knowing the major factors behind every early pregnancy and the possible effect on
educational development of teenagers.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This topic chosen for the research was no other than the effects of teenage pregnancy
on the teenagers of the community. This particular topic was chosen by me because it was
part of the choices and this kind of problem is very important in the researcher’s community.
The researcher once every week visited the health care center every week and observed that
most of the pregnant can be best defined as becoming.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

-A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. The

literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular
area of research.

This chapter presents the related literature and studies both local from foreign and local
sources. This also includes of the synthesis of the art, gap, bridged study and the theoretical
framework terms are defined conceptually and operationally for clarity.

Introduction

Teenage pregnancy is not like any other issue there in the whole world although it
seems to be a common concern, it does not seem to bother people that much. Not until they
are personally affected by the issue or until they finally realized that it had been increasing in
number of affected people that it slowly reached on abnormal stage or the point that it has
affected too many lives already and too many aspects of living.

Teenage pregnancy is mostly unplanned, and a result, people react to the experience
differently. The teenagers has to come to terms with the unexpected demands of being an
adult, and in some cases, she may also have to deal with disapproval and dissatisfaction
shown by significant others like parents and relatives (Clemens, 2002). According to
Macleod and Durrheim (2003), teenage pregnancy as a social problem that leads to the
disruption of schooling; poor obstetric outcomes, inadequate mothering; poor child outcomes;
relationship difficulties with relatives, partners and peers; and demographic concerns about
increasing population numbers. In major cases, teenage mothers are not in the position to go
back to school after delivery as they are forced to look after their children. In some cases,
these young mothers physical health conditions do not make it conductive for them to go
back to school. While some young women may be prevented from going back to school as a
result of these factors. De Jang (2001) found that there are some cases of teenagers who may
use their pregnant status to deliberately escape the demands of high school education.
Depression is one of the problems that results to teenage pregnancy of the women. According
to the psychodynamic theory, depression is presented as a disorder that can be linked to real
or imagined object loss (Gee and Rhodes 2003).

As stated by Brown and Amankwaa (2007) “As more female college students are
involved in sexual relationships their risk of conception increases. However, when pregnancy
occurs it is only the woman who bears the burden and risk of the pregnancy and in most cases
child care,” often these types of pregnancy are unplanned or planned caring for a child
becomes a full time job. Having a child while being a student becomes stressful because child
rearing consumes time and energy, with a few exemptions the women care are the primary
care giver of the child. According to Kidwell (2004), rearing a child while being a full-time
student may be daunting and difficult however, it will be easier if she has a partner or a
family member who can help her in taking care of the child.

When pregnant students and student mothers are expected to subordinate their needs
and desires to those of their children and families they force to grapple with the conflicting
roles of motherhood and studentship (Berg and Mamhute, 2013), Brown and Amankwaa
(2007) stated that parenting is a very stressful and some women cannot handle all the tasks
involved especially the first time mother and need help or assistance from the people around
them. Although having someone who helps the mother is good but the expectations of
receiving support after giving birth to a baby often causes stressors that may lead to
depression during postpartum period. Many student mothers have expressed feelings of guilt,
worry and inadequacy in both as a student and as a mother (Thompson, 2004).

Though not always does being a student mother have negative effect, it also has positive
effects story (1999), as cited by Brown and Amankwaa (2007), has found that out that student
mothers are more responsible than those regular students. He has seen that girls who were
irresponsible before pregnancy has become more responsible after pregnancy and is more less
likely to drop out of college than the regular students.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design I choose is both Qualitative and Quantitative type of research
to determine the effects of early teenage pregnancy. In other words, the researchers are
obliged to have Qualitative type of questionnaires and will calculate the result by
Quantitative method.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The research will be conducted on Don Agustin F. Escaño National High School
especially the Grade 12 HUMSS students and also the out-of-school teenagers in Banday,
Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte.

SAMPLE OF RESPONDENTS

The researcher’s target will be about 30 students and 10 out-of-school youth. The
researcher want to conduct the survey to the chosen students of DAFENHS and 10 teenagers
in Banday, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte who did not go to school.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The instrument that is use in this study is through overt survey and by
disseminating questionnaires. The importance of this instrument that the researchers can
easily compute and tabulate the result.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

 The researcher sent a permission to the respondents upon taking their survey and
in conducting the survey, it will be optional. Questionnaires are disseminated through via
chat to its respective respondents.

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

The researchers will analyze and familiarize the data by the help of the
respondents. These data will be used to find the solution of the research.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered from the respondents through the use of survey
questionnaires through an online survey to determine the effects of early teenage pregnancy
to the students of Don Agustin F. Escaño National High School and to the out-of-school
youth in Banday, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte. The data collected by the researchers were
analyze the interpreted to answer the problem posted in this study. Thus, this chapter presents
the tabulated data of survey.

Table 1

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Gender Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Female 21 55% 1
Male 18 45% 2

Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents. It reveals that 22 (fifty-five percent) of the
respondents were female and 18 (forty-five percent) of the respondent were male. A total of
40 respondents participated in the survey.
 Table 2

Does teenage pregnancy contribute to the development of our country?

Choices Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Yes 16 40% 2
No 24 60% 1

In table number 2, 16 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 40% answered yes which ranks 2,
and 24 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 60% answered no which ranks 1.

Table 3

Do teenage pregnancies commonly occur in your community?

Choices Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Yes 36 90% 1
No 4 10% 2

The study shows that 36 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 90% answered yes which ranks
1, and 4 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 10% answered no which ranks 2.

Table 4

In your opinion what is the main reason why teens get pregnant?

Choices Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Irresponsible 14 35% 2
By mistake 18 45% 1
Birth control error 6 15% 3
They want to 2 5% 4
In table number 4, 14 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 35% answered irresponsible
which ranks 2, and 18 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 45% answered by mistake which
ranks 1, and 6 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 15% answered birth control error which
ranks 3, and 2 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 5% answered they want to which ranks 4.

Table 5

Do girls suffer the most when it comes to early pregnancy?

Choices Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Yes 22 55% 1
No 18 45% 2

In table number 5, 22 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 55% answered yes which ranks 1,
and 18 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 45% answered no which ranks 1.

Table 6

Do schools and parents are doing enough to educate teenagers about the dangers of teen
pregnancy?

Choice Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Agree 38 95% 1
Disagree 2 5% 2
The table shows that 38 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 95% answered agree which
ranks 1, and 2 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 5% answered disagree which ranks 2.

Table 7

Do pregnant teenagers suffer stigma and isolation?

Choices Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Yes 30 75% 1
No 10 25% 2

In table number 7, 30 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 75% answered yes which ranks 1,
and 10 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 25% answered no which ranks 2.

Table 8

Do you think teenage pregnancy is risky?

Choices Relative Relative Rank

Frequency Percentage
Yes 34 85% 1
No 6 15% 2
In table number 8, 34 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 85% answered yes which ranks 1,
and 6 out of 40 respondents, with a total of 15% answered no which ranks 2.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS ANS RECOMMENDATIONS

FINDINGS

After the careful analysis and examine of the data gathered, here are the findings:

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The total number of respondents of the study were 40. Twenty-one of them were female
and nineteen of them were male who are Grade 12 HUMSS students of DAFENHS and the
out-of-school youth in Banday, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte.

STUDENTS OUTCOME ON THEIR LEARNING

 Most of the students said that they teenage pregnancy can cause so many problems and
dangers in life. They did not agree that teenage pregnancy contribute to the development of
the country.

OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH OUTCOME ON THEIR LEARNING

Teenagers who did not go to school knows the possible effects of what will happen to
them if they will be part of teenage pregnancy. They know how hard and difficult they will
experience if they will have an early pregnancy.

TEENAGE PREGNANCY AFFECTS TEENAGERS ON DIFFERENT ASPECTS

The result of the conducted survey shows that it is not easy having an early teenage
pregnancy, it can be so stressful and encountered challenges on their studies and their daily
routine.

CONCLUSION

After an examine analysis of the data collected, we come up with a conclusions:

 It is known that girls who become pregnant as a teenager will face increased medical
risks, and if the pregnancy is taken to term, there are also increased medical risks for
their babies.
 Majority of the respondents found that teenagers suffer stigma and isolation when
they got pregnant early.
 Most of their opinion that the main the reason why teen get pregnant is that it was just
made by mistake.
  Conclude that teenage pregnancy is a serious problem, many teenager mothers were
also simply not prepared by education and maturity to undertake the dual
responsibility of parent-hood and economic support.
 Teenagers are not able to get a decent education, and some teens don’t know what
they want to do with their lives.


RECOMMENDATIONS

 Parents should properly guide their children regarding the relationship that they are
going to enter so that avoidance on the consequences may absorb.
 Educate partners who are not yet married specially those students and out-of-school
youth about the factors may affect their future.
 Improve social development, responsible sexual behavior education, and improved
contraceptive counseling and delivery.
 Undertake research to identify effectiveness interventions that result in the
formulation, enforcement and monitoring of laws and policies, including unintended
harmful consequences.