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The document provides an overview of how the Internet works. It explains that the Internet follows a client-server model where clients request services from servers. Internet connectivity is provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) through various technologies. When a user requests a webpage, the data is transmitted over the Internet in packets using protocols like IP and TCP/IP to route the packets to the destination address. Key components that enable this include routers, domain name servers, and security measures like firewalls.

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48 views5 pages

Assignment

The document provides an overview of how the Internet works. It explains that the Internet follows a client-server model where clients request services from servers. Internet connectivity is provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) through various technologies. When a user requests a webpage, the data is transmitted over the Internet in packets using protocols like IP and TCP/IP to route the packets to the destination address. Key components that enable this include routers, domain name servers, and security measures like firewalls.

Uploaded by

SaQiB BhAtTi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

Submitted By
M. Ahmar Zahoor
Roll No:14
Topic: Working of Internet
Submitted To: Prof Mubashir
Semester & Degree: BSCS 4 th
THE INTERNET
The Internet is a vast global network that connects millions of computers and
devices together, enabling communication, information sharing, and access to
various online services. It is a complex system with multiple components and
protocols working together to ensure efficient data transfer. Let's dive into a
detailed explanation of how the Internet works.

Client-Server Model: The Internet follows a client-server model, where the


devices connected to the network are divided into two main categories: clients
and servers. Clients, such as personal computers, smartphones, or tablets, request
and consume services or information from servers. Servers, on the other hand,
provide services, store data, and respond to client requests.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Internet connectivity is provided by


Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISPs are companies or organizations that offer
access to the Internet through various technologies like fiber optics, DSL (Digital
Subscriber Line), cable, or satellite. ISPs establish the physical connection between
individual devices and the broader Internet infrastructure.
Data Transmission and Routing: When a user on a client device requests a
webpage or any other online content, the data is transmitted over the Internet in
the form of small units called packets. These packets contain the requested
information along with addressing information.

Protocols and Addresses: The Internet relies on several protocols to enable


communication and data transfer. The most fundamental protocol is the Internet
Protocol (IP), which assigns unique numerical addresses (IP addresses) to every
device connected to the Internet. IP addresses allow packets to be correctly
routed from the source to the destination.

IPv4: The older version, IPv4, uses a 32-bit address scheme, providing
approximately 4.3 billion unique addersses.
IPv6: To accommodate the increasing demand for addresses, IPv6 was
introduced. It uses a 128-bit address scheme.
Routers and Network Infrastructure: Routers are critical components of
the Internet infrastructure. They receive packets and make decisions on how to
forward them based on the destination IP address. Routers are interconnected to
form a network that spans the globe.

Domain Name System (DNS): While IP addresses are essential for routing
data, they are not user-friendly. To simplify access to online resources, the Domain
Name System (DNS) is used. DNS translates human-readable domain names (e.g.,
www.example.com) into their corresponding IP addresses. When you enter a URL
in your web browser, the DNS system resolves the domain name.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): TCP/IP is a


set of protocols that governs how data is transmitted and received over the
Internet. It ensures reliable and error-free delivery of packets. TCP breaks the data
into smaller chunks, assigns sequence numbers to each chunk, and reassembles
them on the receiving end. IP handles the addressing and routing of packets,
ensuring they reach the correct destination.

Firewalls and Security: With the Internet being a public network, security is a
significant concern. Firewalls are employed to protect networks and devices from
unauthorized access and potential threats. They examine incoming and outgoing
traffic, enforcing security rules and policies.

HTTP and Web Browsing: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the
protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet. When you enter a
website's address

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