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Tutorial Chapter 3 Data Description

The document provides sample data and exercises related to describing data through measures of central tendency, dispersion, percentiles, and graphical representations. It includes tasks to calculate the mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, percentiles, quartiles, five-number summaries, and to construct box plots. The exercises are intended to help students learn how to summarize and compare distributions using these descriptive statistics.

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27 views

Tutorial Chapter 3 Data Description

The document provides sample data and exercises related to describing data through measures of central tendency, dispersion, percentiles, and graphical representations. It includes tasks to calculate the mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, percentiles, quartiles, five-number summaries, and to construct box plots. The exercises are intended to help students learn how to summarize and compare distributions using these descriptive statistics.

Uploaded by

karyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Chapter 3 Data Description

Section 3-1 (pg. no. 123-125) : 4, 6, 26, 27, 29.

4. Observers in the Frogwatch Program The number of observers in the Frogwatch USA
program (a wildlife conservation program dedicated to helping conserve frogs and toads)
for the top 10 states with the most observers is 484, 483, 422, 396, 378, 352, 338, 331,
318, and 302. The top 10 states with the most active watchers list these numbers of visits:
634, 464, 406, 267, 219, 194, 191, 150, 130, and 114. Find the mean, median, mode, and
midrange for the data. Compare the measures of central tendency for these two groups of
data.
Source: www.nwf.org/frogwatch
6. Earnings of Nonliving Celebrities Forbes magazine prints an annual Top-Earning
Nonliving Celebrities list (based on royalties and estate earnings). Find the mean, median,
mode, and midrange for the data. Comment on the skewness. Figures represent millions of
dollars.
26. Costs of Helicopters The costs of three models of helicopters are shown here. Find the
weighted mean of the costs of the models.

27. Final Grade An instructor grades exams, 20%; term paper, 30%; final exam, 50%. A
student had grades of 83, 72, and 90, respectively, for exams, term paper, and final exam.
Find the student’s final average. Use the weighted mean.
29. For these situations, state which measure of central tendency—mean, median, or mode—
should be used.
a. The most typical case is desired.
mode

b. The distribution is open-ended.


median

c. There is an extreme value in the data set.


median

d. The data are categorical.


mode

e. Further statistical computations will be needed.


mean

f. The values are to be divided into two approximately equal groups, one group
containing the larger values and one containing the smaller values.
median

Section 3-2 (pg. no. 143-144) : 1, 3, 4, 6, 12.

1. What is the relationship between the variance and the standard deviation?
The variance is the average of the squares of the distance each value is from the mean,
whereas the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. The standard deviation is
a measure of how spread out your data are.

3. What are the symbols used to represent the population variance and standard deviation?

4. What are the symbols used to represent the sample variance and standard deviation?
s2 ; s
6. The three data sets have the same mean and range, but is the variation the same? Prove
your answer by computing the standard deviation. Assume the data were obtained from
samples.

a. 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17


b. 5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17
c. 5, 5, 5, 11, 17, 17, 17
12. Starting Teachers’ Salaries Starting teachers’ salaries (in equivalent U.S. dollars) for
upper secondary education in selected countries are listed. Find the range, variance, and
standard deviation for the data. Which set of data is more variable? (The U.S. average
starting salary at this time was $29,641.)
Section 3-3 (pg. no. 159-161) : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 27, 29(a,b).

2. Define percentile rank.


A percentile rank indicates the percentage of data values that fall below the specific rank.

3. What is the difference between a percentage and a percentile?


A percentile is a relative measurement of position; a percentage is an absolute measure of
the part to the total.

4. Define quartile.
A quartile is a relative measure of position obtained by dividing the data set into quarters.

5. What is the relationship between quartiles and percentiles?


The first quartile Q1 corresponds with the 25th percentile P25, because both have 25% of
the data below their value.

The second quartile Q2 (also called the median) corresponds with the 50th percentile P50,
because both have 50% of the data below their value.

The third quartile Q3 corresponds with the 75th percentile P75, because both have 75% of
the data below their value.
Q1=P25
Q2=P50
Q3=P75

6. What is a decile?
A decile is a relative measure of position obtained by dividing the data set into tenths.

7. How are deciles related to percentiles?


The first decile D1 corresponds with the 10th percentile P10, because both have 10% of
the data below their value.
The second decile D2 corresponds with the 20th percentile P20, because both have 20% of
the data below their value.
The third decile D3 corresponds with the 30th percentile P30, because both have 30% of
the data below their value.
D1=P10
D2=P20
D3=P30
Etc.

8. To which percentile, quartile, and decile does the median correspond?


50% of the data values are smaller than the median and thus the median corresponds with
the 50th percentile P50.

The second quartile Q2 has 50% who are smaller than the value and thus the median
corresponds with the second quartile Q2.

The fifth decile D5 has 50% (5 tenths) who are smaller than the value and thus the median
corresponds with the fifth decile D5.

P50, Q2, D5

17. The data show the population (in thousands) for a recent year of a sample of cities in South
Carolina.

Find the data value that corresponds to each percentile.


a. 40th percentile

b. 75th percentile

c. 90th percentile
d. 30th percentile

Using the same data, find the percentile corresponding to the given data value.
e. 27

f. 40

g. 58

h. 67
27. Gold Reserves The data show the gold reserves for a recent year for 11 world countries.
Find the first and third quartiles and the IQR. The data are in millions of troy ounces.

29. Check each data set for outliers.


a. 46, 28, 32, 21, 25, 29, 34, 19

b. 82, 100, 97, 93, 89, 90, 65, 94, 101


Section 3-4 (pg. no. 172-173) : 5, 7, 14, 16.

For Exercises 1–6, identify the five-number summary and find the interquartile range.

5. 14.6, 19.8, 16.3, 15.5, 18.2

For Exercises 7–10, use each boxplot to identify the maximum value, minimum value, median, first
quartile, third quartile, and interquartile range.
14. Visitors Who Travel to Foreign Countries Construct a boxplot for the number (in millions) of
visitors who traveled to a foreign country each year for a random selection of years. Comment on
the skewness of the distribution.

16. Size of Dams These data represent the volumes in cubic yards of the largest dams in the United
States and in South America. Construct a boxplot of the data for each region and compare the
distributions.

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