Please solve the following question numbers as your Tutorial exercises by this week,

Section 4-1: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 21, 25, 32, 35, 38.

2. Define sample space.

A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment

4. What are equally likely events?

Equally likely events are events that have the same probability of occurring.

5. What is the range of the values of the probability of an event?

The range of values is 0 to 1 inclusive.

6. When an event is certain to occur, what is its probability?

Probability of a certain event is one.

7. If an event cannot happen, what value is assigned to its probability?

Probability of an event that cannot happen is zero.

8. What is the sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in a sample space?

Sum of the probability of all the outcomes in a sample space = probability of a certain event

=1

9. If the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.20, what is the probability that it won’t rain
tomorrow? Would you recommend taking an umbrella?

10. A probability experiment is conducted. Which of these cannot be considered a probability

outcome?

c- probability can’t be negative.

d- probability cant be more than 1

e- probability cant be negative

h- 125% =1.25 , probability cant be more than 1

c, d, e and h

21. Human Blood Types Human blood is grouped into four types. The percentages of Americans with
each type are listed below. O 43% A 40% B 12% AB 5% Choose one American at random. Find the
probability that this person

a. Has type B blood

b. Has type AB or O blood

c. Does not have type O blood

25. Gender of Children A couple has 4 children. Find each probability.

a. All girls

b. Exactly two girls and two boys

c. At least one child who is a girl

d. At least one child of each gender

32. Living Arrangements for Children Here are the living arrangements of children under 18 years old
living in the United States in a recent year. Numbers are in thousands. Both parents 51,823 Mother
only 17,283 Father only 2,572 Neither parent 3,041 Choose one child at random; what is the
probability that the child lives with both parents? With the mother present? Source: Time Almanac.

35. Selecting a Bill A box contains a $1 bill, a $5 bill, a $10 bill, and a $20 bill. A bill is selected at
random, and it is not replaced; then a second bill is selected at random. Draw a tree diagram and
determine the sample space.
38. Family Dinner Combinations A family special at a neighborhood restaurant offers dinner for four
for $39.99. There are 3 appetizers available, 4 entrees, and 3 desserts from which to choose. The
special includes one of each. Represent the possible dinner combinations with a tree diagram.

There are 36 possible dinner combinations.

Section 4-2: 2, 4, 5, 6, 19, 22.

2. Explain briefly why addition rule 2 can be used when two events are mutually exclusive.

If two events A and B are mutually exclusive then it means that they both cannot occur at the same
time. Hence P(A and B) = 0

The using addition rule 2, we can write :

P(A or B)

= P(A) + P(B) – P(A-B)

= P(A) + P(B) – 0

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

As we can see that it has reduced to addition rule 1, hence addition rule 2 can be used for mutually
exclusive events as well.

Since P(A and B) = 0 for mutually exclusive events.

4. Determine whether these events are mutually exclusive.

a. Roll two dice: Get a sum of 7 or get doubles.

A = get a sum of 7

B = get doubles

These events are mutually exclusive because the sum cannot be 7 and the sum of two equals
number (the sum of doubles is even, while 7 is odd)

Yes

b. Select a student in your college: The student is a sophomore and the student is a business major.

A = is a sophomore

B = is a business major

These events are not mutually exclusive because a student can be a sophomore and a business
major in the same time.

No

c. Select any course: It is a calculus course and it is an English course.

A = is a calculus course

B = is a English course

These events are mutually exclusive because a course cannot be a calculus one and an English one in
the same time.

Yes

d. Select a registered voter: The voter is a Republican and the voter is a Democrat.

A = is a Republican
B = is a Democrat

These events are mutually exclusive because a voter is either a Democrat, or a Republican.

Yes

5. College Degrees Awarded The table below represents the college degrees awarded in a recent
academic year by gender.

Choose a degree at random. Find the probability that it is

a.A bachelor’s degree

b. A doctorate or a degree awarded to a woman

c. A doctorate awarded to a woman

d. Not a master’s degree

6. Riding to School The probability that John will drive to school is 0.37, the probability that he will
ride with friends is 0.23, and the probability that his parents will take him is 0.4. He is not allowed to
have passengers in the car when he is driving. What is the probability that John will have company
on the way to school?
19. Medical Tests on Emergency Patients The frequency distribution shown here illustrates the
number of medical tests conducted on 30 randomly selected emergency patients.

If a patient is selected at random, find these probabilities.

a. The patient has had exactly 2 tests done.

b. The patient has had at least 2 tests done.

c. The patient has had at most 3 tests done.

d. The patient has had 3 or fewer tests done.

e. The patient has had 1 or 2 tests done.

22. Medical Patients A recent study of 300 patients found that of 100 alcoholic patients, 87 had
elevated cholesterol levels, and of 200 nonalcoholic patients, 43 had elevated cholesterol levels. If a
patient is selected at random, find the probability that the patient is the following.
a. An alcoholic with elevated cholesterol level

b. A nonalcoholic

c. A nonalcoholic with nonelevated cholesterol level

Section 4-3: 2, 5, 10, 18, 31, 32, 35.

2. State which events are independent and which are dependent.

a. Having a large shoe size and having a high IQ

Having a large shoe size does not affect your IQ. Therefore, these things are independent.

Independent

b. A father being left-handed and a daughter being left-handed

Having a father who is left handed may increase the odds that you are left handed. Therefore, this is
dependent.

Dependent

c. Smoking excessively and having lung cancer

Smoking excessively increases your odds of having lung cancer. Therefore, this is dependent.

Dependent

d. Eating an excessive amount of ice cream and smoking an excessive amount of cigarettes

Eating excessive amounts of ice cream has no affect on the amount of cigarettes someone will
smoke. Therefore, these are independent.

Independent
5. Automobile Sales An automobile salesperson finds the probability of making a sale is 0.21. If she
talks to 4 customers, find the probability that she will make 4 sales. Is the event likely or unlikely to
occur? Explain your answer.

10. Selecting Marbles A bag contains 9 red marbles, 8 white marbles, and 6 blue marbles. Randomly
choose two marbles, one at a time, and without replacement. Find the following.

a. The probability that the first marble is red and the second is white

b. The probability that both are the same color

c. The probability that the second marble is blue

18. Sales A manufacturer makes two models of an item: model I, which accounts for 80% of unit
sales, and model II, which accounts for 20% of unit sales. Be cause of defects, the manufacturer has
to replace (or exchange) 10% of its model I and 18% of its model II. If a model is selected at random,
find the probability that it will be defective.
31. Blood Types and Rh Factors In addition to being grouped into four types, human blood is
grouped by its Rhesus (Rh) factor. Consider the figures below which show the distributions of these
groups for Americans.

Choose one American at random. Find the probability that the person

a. Is a universal donor, i.e., has O-negative blood

b. Has type O blood given that the person is Rh+

c. Has A+ or AB− blood

d. Has Rh− given that the person has type B

32. Doctor Specialties Below are listed the numbers of doctors in various specialties by gender

Choose one doctor at random. a. Find P (male| pediatrician). b. Find P (pathologist|female). c. Are
the characteristics “female” and “pathologist” independent? Explain.
35. Leisure Time Exercise Only 27% of U.S. adults get enough leisure time exercise to achieve
cardiovascular fitness. Choose 3 adults at random. Find the probability that a. All 3 get enough daily
exercise b. At least 1 of the 3 gets enough exercise
Section 4-4: 1, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 25, 30, 35, 47.

1.Zip Codes How many 5-digit zip codes are possible if digits can be repeated? If there cannot be
repetitions?
11. Passwords Given the characters A, B, C, H, I, T, U, V, 1, 2, 3, and 4, how many seven-character
passwords can be made? (No repeats are allowed.) How many if you have to use all four numbers as
the first four characters in the password?

repeatition not allow Permutation/ specific object

12P7 = 3991680
12. Automobile Trips There are 2 major roads from city X to city Y and 4 major roads from city Y to
city Z. How many different trips can be made from city X to city Z, passing through city Y?

20. Cell Phone Models A particular cell phone company offers 4 models of phones, each in 6
different colors and each available with any one of 5 calling plans. How many combinations are
possible?
21. ID Cards How many different ID cards can be made if there are 6 digits on a card and no digit can
be used more than once?
22. Free-Sample Requests An online coupon service has 13 offers for free samples. How many
different requests are possible if a customer must request exactly 3 free samples? How many are
possible if the customer may request up to 3 free samples?
25. Task Assignments How many ways can an adviser choose 4 students from a class of 12 if they are
all assigned the same task? How many ways can the students be chosen if they are each given a
different task?
 different task = different ways= specific orders = P

30. Toothpaste Display How many different ways can 5 identical tubes of tartar control toothpaste, 3
identical tubes of bright white toothpaste, and 4 identical tubes of mint toothpaste be arranged in a
grocery store counter display?

got two same huruf

if cannot distinguish all huruf, only
POOL 4P4/2
got 1 arrangement
= 4/ 2=12probability

because got the same things, like

5tartar,
3 bright white and 4 mini, so only got
3 different arrangement,
like - - - - -/ - - - / - - - - , if change the
arrangment in the same thing is just
the same, so no need to change
35. Medications for Depression A researcher wishes her patients to try a new medicine for
depression. How many different ways can she select 5 patients from 50 patients?

47. Selecting Students How many ways can you pick 4 students from 10 students (6 men, 4 women)
if you must have an equal number of each gender or all of the same gender?