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1. Develops time-dependent perturbation theory for a multilevel quantum system interacting with a perturbation. Finds the probability of transition between initial and final states as a function of time for constant and oscillating perturbations. 2. Calculates the matrix elements of an electric field perturbation between the ground and first excited states of hydrogen. Treats it as a two-level system. 3. Finds the wavefunction and transition probability for a system interacting with a delta function perturbation between two states.

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27 views2 pages

Assign6 2023 2

1. Develops time-dependent perturbation theory for a multilevel quantum system interacting with a perturbation. Finds the probability of transition between initial and final states as a function of time for constant and oscillating perturbations. 2. Calculates the matrix elements of an electric field perturbation between the ground and first excited states of hydrogen. Treats it as a two-level system. 3. Finds the wavefunction and transition probability for a system interacting with a delta function perturbation between two states.

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bhuyan.samannay
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PHY403 Atomic & Molecular Physics Aug-Dec 2023: Assignment 6

Prof. Kavita Dorai, Department of Physics, IISERM, [email protected]

1. Develop time-dependent perturbation theory for a multilevel system,


where
H0 ψn = En ψn , hψn |ψm i = δnm
The perturbation H 0 (t) is turned on at t = 0. Show that
iX 0
c.m = − cn Hmn ei(Em −En )t/h̄
h̄ n

Assume the system starts out in the state ψN and assume a constant
perturbation (switched on at t = 0 and switched off at some later time
t). Find the probability of transition from state N to state m (m 6= N )
as a function of t. Find the transition probability if H 0 = V cos (ωt).

2. A hydrogen atom is placed in a time-dependent electric field E = E(t)k̂.


Calculate all four matrix elements of the perturbation H 0 = −eEz
between the ground state n = 1 and the quadruply degenerate first
excited states n = 2. Treat the system as a two-level configuration by
assuming transitions to higher excited states can be ignored.

3. Suppose a perturbation takes the form of a delta function in time H 0 =


U δ(t − t0 ). Assume Uaa = Ubb = 0 and let Uab ≡ α. If ca (−∞) = 1
and cb (−∞) = 0 find ca (t) and cb (t). Calculate the probability for a
transition to occur.

4. An elecron is at rest at the origin in the presence of a magnetic field


whose magnitude B0 is constant but whose direction rides around at
constant angular velocity ω on the lip of a cone of opening angle α:

B(t) = B0 [sin α cos ωtî + sin α sin ωtĵ + cos αk̂]

Construct the 2 × 2 Hamiltonian matrix for this system. Find the


exact solution to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, assuming
the particle starts out with spin up. Treat the same problem with
time-dependent perturbation theory and calculate the probability of a
transition from spin up (initial state) to spin down, as a function of
time.
5. A particle of mass m is initially in the ground state of the one-dimensional
infinite square well. At time t = 0 a brick is dropped in to the well so
that the potential becomes V (x) = V0 , 0 ≤ x ≤ a/2, V (x) = 0, a/2 <
x ≤ a and V0 = ∞ otherwise, where V0 << E1 . After a time T the
brick is removed and the energy of the particle is measured. Using
first-order perturbation theory find the probability that the energy is
now E2 .

6. Consider a charged particle in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator


potential. Suppose a weak electric field is turned on so that the en-
ergy is shifted by an amount H 0 = −qEx. Show that there is no first
order change in the energy levels and calculate the second order correc-
tion. The Schrodinger equation can be solved exactly for this case by
a change of variables x0 = x − (qE/mω 2 ). Find the exact energies and
show that they are consistent with the perturbation theory expressions.

7. A particle starts out (at time t = 0) in the N th state of an infinite


square well. Now water leaks into the well and drains out again so that
the bottom is at uniform potential V0 (t) with V0 (0) = V0 (T ) = 0. Use
first-order perturbation theory to solve the problem. Does the wave
function change phase? Do transitions to other states occur?

8. When dealing with atom-em field interactions, we usually assume that


the atom is very small compared to the wavelength of light that spatial
variations in the field can be ignored. The true electric field is actually

E(r, t) = E0 cos (k.r − ωt)

Centering the atom at the origin and retaining the first order correction

E(r, t) = E0 [cos (ωt) + k.r sin (ωt)]

The first term gives rise to the electric dipole allowed transitions and
the second term gives rise to so-called forbidden transitions. Obtain the
spontaneous emission rate for forbidden transitions (without averaging
over polarization and propagation directions).

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