2 ease ay. Wott: @ whou neke on: (1) Saks avd Digjaire Sets ; ty Explain mptatic notation: ii) Binaey and Selection Sod7 Jrtusdion , wen , co Ba pregnarn min acta ane amplemerdad wal dota eS “Nes ane babanced cinues ie Officine glume cutninedond manipulation . >+ A disjsind a, also knase ano anion: find deta whucune , Gy a apedaliead ut data utrichune pusd de manage podtiter. a uxt svte dix join: Aa’, + Digjeise uit doo ahudsow ctypleally we dichriques dike arden by oonk and poth mmpremion do ochive Jastand SYiciond oprxadions . Diajoine usta oot prsimordlsy smplegud on alganithma sored Ta conmcdivitay onal graph cua. {ii} Asympdote Noletion Js a motthimasieall natedion used dn C5. ond aligonitiom analysis the dap cube dhe behoweun 4) algos dn dawn @) chain sya and vUBAURE Wage) ws pecably wlth cuspecl do dnpak wize, :1. Big 0 Notation (0): Br disvubes the upper © wort - cast peyarrmonu oa alge . Tk prewdu an. up par Saath on dha graucth ode, Pe Alger tm. complexity ox BPACE compluxty aa Tine dpe Sept Ale approaches onflrsdcy . 2. Omega Nedecion (11).% capruaatts dha danse bound. ot boxt- cone on, olga | Tr provide a dasa dimit en due qrovith sate 4) an | ‘s divas. | Space comphortyy od. The input dize Snoworas. | 3. Theta Notosion (6): Tt combines bath upper and Caswen bounds do dooube dhe ctightest padsin le baund on an alge's perermance. DF unddeattes Thad dhe algas dir) apa compluaity grou od dhe ware ciate ab a uptcific qandion - fii) Binary Sard: Binary Sart ds nat a practteal ox afsident aording asittim EF odtampts de serch on aoray by oapeated sy dividing OF Jwto halve, wimilor de hain bi wronch wsortes, Tr cima do ind dha caruncr paattion fon tock Sawer by comparing OY oath olaments dn dhe usted subamnay, Con ploy: Binary Sexct hax a dime complerity d O(r2) thera eae tna ais hs number 4) whement in a Orda Sliced tpr dsye dotascta. Balaction Sart: Salacton Sark da a atraightteusoed garti allgasithm Bho aupeked ty aalocts dhe minimum Barmant gram aha minim Je shemant from an unddritod port G div array and move at cto be dha baginning djcthe warciad partion. Compbbsity + Silodion ust hos 9 dim comply 4 oln®).®. Explain Strassen's Metrix Multiplication and uth dma cemplunity. . fra. Strogaants Modrin Mult pliadtion on on See multiply Suse modoicos scout: udu mumbo | 4 ee weeds Dekel on Panciple 4 diuido ond wnguer. Strossen'a Matodx Nwlsi pi cotton plant ne wade: Divi ‘ motsicaa A ond & rte ee ae hay Gris 4s dena by postition ng work matsix vite quasars . Xa bt Y=] 2 4] Jee} Vda s 9. Conqume Recunaively rautltiply Thuse aubmodrices using Strosasnls olgarutnm . Piz a (+-h) pe hl arb) Pa elita, pr=Alg-e) Pst (a+d) (eth) pe= (b-4) (gh) Pr= (a-c) (ett) 3. Combint: (ampute otha susalting aul mothers CAL Cup Coy and Coo by tambinging oho owawlhs 4) athe unlpswblama X+YoC 2] Psthem hates Pit Pa Pat Pa Pit Ps - Ps Prmmm LES Time Complexity: Stroason's Matrix Mulipsi codon. Abgordttom TS Saduora dha enbor 4 shemarhary al markip&i cact ona nraguinadh compasud to the ns makrie muthphicotion allyson. (which squires’ 1 mubttpdications Jar dusa nxn modrices ) Tun), Sho dime comp exity 6) mubtiptuing due nx" medsices uang Strorgan's ANgritthrn Tn) = TT (nfo)-+ O(n?) Ava mtana: ! the aye seusdvey ghd dhe mododes nto umallix ailematdens ) compacts wena prodack, 4 aize Bx (P; ta Py) “The addition btubbhadion utspa on die Sormbine’t phase hour a dima cen phescitay 4 0 (n>), oy solving dhe gecumnance sulation, ut con be vhawn dhok dhe dims complet Strosaents Mebdx Hullipt ton Moa ua approx ol ndogelt ) widh da Upprex 0 (m2) , While ths das an amprawemat ovr dhe nave malrix nusbhplication aga : Strasson's oly Je not also tha moat aiclenk chal ca Jon practical ap plications due da dta high. constant factors and dower Spiciancy per umall modrin wizos, AZ. Explain dhe merge word dachnigqus . Guve dhe dime complxity 4 mege wert. Am. Hoge Sant ds a wail, used warding dachnique knawn Jan uta sypicien cy and whable serding behawian, Ths gq divide-and - Conger ala sethon. thot works by breaking daun on unmadeTW eaeetes Se ae » Moy Orta mallu dub aoraye uri diene dub ond venga ak dagen cbt a wv lore Henge Sad A ruth! 3."Divide. Tha umedied ds cusmraivay divided Juke dwo vou wlth dade aubanroy consis ta 4 ona on Zam alumucts volicr one, by Adfividion dared . 2. Conquir: The asodiing pracuss begins ad dhe divided dubarrays om om masyed badk dagether, Gmbinivg cham dv o& uddied mannen. TW maging Porecaas SMa Ha humans wolvdain dhuin subotiae onder . “16 muss dure uubosooya aheost vat date pais one, for tach. wbubronay. ° Gmpane aha womeda painted day dha dive garda. * Salad dhe omablin glemact and placa drs dke sesh o Mang dhe poutan Jom dhe aubarnay drat cbtbusted dT my cota, aplicted shomant. : Fagen Sas akeps uni bath aslboorays have ben compli : ay 3. b& tooswn ita ming he ead wth She unting axiigina oot, a Fax ag: Capella) (faq lz 13 |22 ]80]-7 3 vy 31) [laa [efez| (zolro) Zl ail fr) [24 22] Wal 2/1] riz 2a [Fo]go} a 2\i7]24131) 13 122] 70180 2 [13 [iz] 22 ]24 [70] 20 2 sopmed ARRAYra ee Sis rie cel aes IST Time Complerity: “he dime complarity f Moye Sad ut O (ndtogn who fn? supusuds dhenumbar 4) shumarts on de oas.ay The divide atop aepratedly diddes Tre aou.oy acto Roly until dade ub: contains only one glamurd «This taken | o (og n) diuisiona. | “the conquer ustep ( merging ) Snvahoes, comparing. ond mengvig all dha Wutded unb Abs Hm, dt cokes da mange dup Bubamared 6) uize {riz} da Oln), and wince thon ona ‘dagn? Gand ) raurging dhe sural! dine complet pn minging Js O(n dean). O04, White arg twa: (1) Gunenal “Stu dutch “and (ti) What ub unlen and hI tli Quick Sax ae" Amd (1) Die ond Conquer da a Jurdo mardeh problem - aol ving ubratigy used In vonianr Hulda, Inchudi compubin science, mattumedter ond algeritnma . Cr Snvolies bsuaking dawn & complex problem unto smaller , mare ma bole dub pasteles 1 walving Huse aubpaablemg Srdapendlar und dun combining dluin olor da obtain dhe final wolution da dhe sxtiginal problem . 4.Dwipe: + This duypically Jnvaluas portitioning dhe Input daha gan problum pace inte vw: chunks, + fhe do do acme o mane manageable prrcbLom vier Jar tad pub problem,2. Conquer. : *Trdtis shop, you vuelve dhe aul problema ea ate wubprebfama Js dy picably umatlen in aize one con malled waite a atraightonuand opproach et aya. fer * Sa Smpardant dhot dhe uslutton da 2ach aubproblem db Gxsud and compluhe, 3. ComB ine j : "Once dhe aubproblms ot satned » you combine Shain aobicttort Sa dhe obtain dhe uslution da stv oulginal problem. ° The wmbinaton wstap uA whor you ooconci le dhs sults She wubprdalems da custe 9 aolulen hod aodtsfina Sho avenol! problum's neqpirumands 4. Recvesion * Divide ond conquer dian inalmes reamion, whane dri alga collly Jtast) de gale aubp robluns. Tr erdmwss unhil dhe wubprobtema® become small snagh te be * Proper diaminatlen conditery ond bate coms ang. crucial da present njinte oxaouien, 5. Eepiciency AnArysis eArabiping dha dime andl dpasecomplerity tne aiuide ond” Congpisr abganithmn bs wsserdio$ , ° Badlancing dhe divide and wmbing Ochine juant woludtions. 6, EXAMPLES ‘ * Dinida ond conquer Ja appliad’ daiq wiole Problunts suchas Chal varting (¢4, Mange Sard, Quick Sect), search Mattox mudttiphi cation. (4, wpa Us enttteal Jan, ng (29, Binary seanch), Strosson's alga), and Many mane,a ADVANTAGES : Divide and conguas, oftan doods do Lagart” ond offiaet agarithms Jan waluing complex problema : is roa ods ta] open sap Con be. indapandercty, &. Crauenaes . “Duigning The sgrmact dluision and combination stops can be . ang: Some problims oa nak 1 wuitad da this approach ond ing a Aude a acts not yittd teach ONE Comquin wbinectegy may net al Tn dummany, dividt ond conquer di a pawl probdem ~Aokeling Technique chock Inualues beuaking a probhin Undo umallir parda , vobiing dhese pasta and combining dhiin volition de tackle Complax casks AYfidetty, (it) Union: “The union operation combina chuso diajoink acts Con wubadta) dria a ving Jorgen deh Tris uaad do ming de uubasds Jiro Swot maivtoing The dwfaerity 8) dhe dixjeind wet data abuachunw. + Whan payerming dt, dws wamants Aram dhe ariginal.acts one ' Se eat ulacks they hileng sa oo ranged dito a, Slngiealangt anbast, . TW opurotion wpa dn ustebtishing culotorships bewon hormurcdks ext nao dn various ap plicodtons , wich a detain connected compenanta dn hs on Miconthy managing - waeta 0) slomant oe 4 4 ns3ingGravy: Th oie ‘ "A geoph ds a dundamedal deta utuuctune uid Sn DAR Om Wardens sthan giuldas , Inducking C5, matismadtes onc Atwant : “A pop consists 4) a uct d) werden and 0 uct 4) adges Sod connect dha vertless : Say Graphs ore uaed te oupanent suloenahipa ond GnnecHens bw srtitios ‘They one wouctlle and feud opp codtona On vosdor, onnon, sin dching woeial nituarks 1 Trowaposdatrion networks dota madiiing and mant. * Goaphs can toe Cottganioed Suto vanlous dupes auch os Bruded and undirectzal graph, wadlahted ound unualgrted grapha , cyctic ond Acyctic graphs and mane, Aapenshing on The neue 4 he aden ond wedicn and Fhe sublatorships ray represent (ii) Quick Sort » Quick Sat allse knawin og peatitten — poche ————— : : ; mae abot lag Whahty sficent axnd wsidaby usad wording alga. Pty based on thy divide - and cmguin ut Ond uprka by asleding a‘pivet* pom rom dhe avy and posctitioning The othin wWhment dte due nb accending ta who. they ane cosa than on graoten than Shu plush.