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43 views4 pages

Research Paper1

Uploaded by

Ankit Shah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ECAI 2019 - International Conference - 11th Edition Electronies, Computers and Artificial Intelligence 27 June -29 June, 2019, Pitesti, ROMANIA IoT based System for Smart Agriculture Toana M. Marcu ecommunication and Information Theory Faculty Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Cristina M. Balaceana Beia Consult International cristina [email protected] Abstract ~ Agriculture is the most traditional activity ‘over time. Since the beginning of it, agriculture has tuffered many changes to improve productivity and quality of crops. Some of the first significant Improvements have been remarked when machines and new tools such as irrigation systems, harvest machines, farmland clearing machines were introduced in the primitive agriculture, where these activities were performed mainly by humans and animals. Over time, agriculture has been affected by weather disasters (such as storms or extreme temperatures) and by natur isasters(Sueb as pests and plant diseases). Thus, the next step in the development of the agriculture domain, ‘was to propose the Internet of Things (IoT) solutions for monitoring of many parameters for better precision fgricutture, Such a system would provide ush Information on plant growth, crops’ diseases, and soll properties that are a benefit for crops. This paper Aescribes a possible solution for a more reliable LoT- based system using Libelium for Smart Agriculture to ‘monitor the parameters that have a direct impact on ‘crops. Moreover, the monitoring system ams to manage ‘agricultural issues related to irrigaions and analyses th sffect of the measured parameters on agriculture, helping the farmers to have healthy crops, Keywords-Libelium; monitoring of crops; ‘meteorological parameters: agriculture 1. Isreopvcrion Smart Agriculture isa concept in which information and communication technology is implemented to manage all the activities and processes related tothe agriculture domain. Internet of things has the capability to influence many of the areas of the world we live in such as advanced industries, smart cities and novel technologies in connected vehicles 1]. However, [oT could have an even more significant impact on the agriculture area. The designed solution described in this paper illustrates an [oT-based smart agriculture system built to perform crop fields rmonitorization based on multiple seasors (for temperature measurements, temperature of leaves and 978+1-7281-4624-2/19/831.00 ©2019 IEEE. George Suciu Research & Development Department ‘Bela Consult International Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Alexandru Banar Beia Consult International alexandru [email protected] lower buds, level of oxygen in the soil, shortwave global radiation, UV global radiation, etc.) and to {improve the irrigation system, One of the impacts that the system has is to enhance productivity. while keeping the costs toa minimum. The term of precision agriculture (PA) refers to ‘any activity teat makes farming practice more controlled snd more accurate when it comes to raising livestock and growing crops (2). Precision agriculture is formed with a set of technologies that combines information systems, and informed ‘management to optimize production. It is based on observing, measuring and responding to inter and inra-field variability in erops [3]. The main goals of precision agriculture are [4]: © Sensing and monitoring, _ meaning ‘measurements of the performance of the farm processes. This can be done either manually by an observer of automated using sensors and satellites Analysis and decision making, mesning the ‘comparison of the measurements from the ‘quantity, quality and lead time point of view. ‘+ Intervention, which consists of improving farming performance. y. There ate two types of sol passive and active, Passive solar energy involves taking advantage of the position, intensity, and duration of the Sun's rays, without any special technology besides the one needed to store the energy 5]. On the other hand, the active type of solar energy {involves other mechanical and electrical technologies such as photovoltaic solar panels or thermal panels that have the function to eaprure the energy convert and store it for later use [5]. Inthe proposed system we used active solar energy; thus, the station has also a system which converts the energy and stores it in a battery to power it. In this way, we keep the cost to a ‘hutoteot eansed ue ned a: Univers of Watedos, Dmlbaded en May 30,2020 a 0:28 12 UTC fram EEE Xplore. Restsine apaly minimum. The other primary functions of the system, used mainly to increase productivity, are assured by the use an increased number af specialized sensors. The presence ofthese sensors in such a large number allows the measurement of different parameters such as weather conditions, light and radiation levels, soil ‘morphology, fertilizer presence, plant and fruit growth ‘and development, and other environmental parameters necessary fo improve production crop quality and to prevent harvest losses [6 ‘The rest of this paper is organized as follow: in Section Il related studies for precision agriculture system are presented. Section II illustrates a thorough technical description of the architecture of the proposed system, including the hardware part and a summary of the monitored parameters. The experimental measurements are graphicelly outlined in Section IV. Section V consists in aspects related to conclusions and future work RELATED WORK According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), by 2050 worldwide food produetion should increase by 70% to feed 9.6 billion people. Thus, developing smart agriculture with IoT becomes a must. Besides, both ‘weather and biological disasters produced a total damage of 36 billion dollars in a ten years period [7] Various solutions that offer outstanding facilites and monitoring features on agriculture processes are available. However, the accuracy and the relevance of the measurements ‘represent a big concer when it comes to making decisions based on the analysis performed on gathered data. Libelium and Beecham Research are improving knowledge on smart ‘agriculture as critical application in the loT market, offering deep insight on how wireless sensor networks Would have an impact in reducing crop losses and increasing production [8] In {9] the authors proposed an foT application that provides agricultural and erop information to fsrmers ‘based on collected wireless sensor network data. This is used to adjust the proper amount of fertilizer within the recommended limi, Tn this way, the cost of excess fertilizer is eliminated, and the exaet amount for the ‘proper growth of the plants is applied, thus increasing Productivity. An ToT application using WSNS {Wireless Sensor Network) and a monitoring interface, forming an alerting system for the control of water stress of plants is described in [lO]. The goals are achieved by monitoring the variations of the soil conditions and whenever a certain threshold is reached, the system alerts vie SMS the farmer. A. complex application of loT in precision irrigation is described in [11]. The primary purpose of the system is to build a platform based on ToT for the precision jrigation focusing on different challenges such as ‘adaptability, deployment, and complexity using cameras, actuators for real-time management of inrigaton system, ZigBee models. The fundamental idea is to optimize the water distribution and consumption based on collected data from all the aspects of the system, Thus, it guarantees the availability of waler in some situations where the water supply is limited, preventing in the same time over-iigation and under-iigation. In [12] a solution for the existing automated systems in precision agriculture is developed. The proposed infrastructure uses. AL (Artificial Intelligence) paradigms to oplimize and improve the results. It can be installed on both current and new facilities. Two edge nodes and one fog node are proposed to control the inrigation process and climate. However, the AL services are implemented in fog node, The final goal is to optimize resources: water, energy, ete. without losing productivity. ‘The paper also presents the main IoT technologies ‘applied in precision agriculture scenarios, a user- centered analysis and design ofthe architecture. Lee et al. proposed in [13] a monitoring system for crops that involves a method for decision making improvement by harvest statistics analysis and their correlation with the information regarding the monitored crop. The system consists im three components: erop monitoring subsystem ([oT Service), statisties prediction system ‘and analysis system based on text mining technology. Intelkia has developed a Smart Garden solution based ‘on Libelium Waspmote sensor platform 0 optimize the use of resourees in a sustainable way and save ‘costs to their customers. Smart Garden is a fully integrated solution that covers areas like water quality, ‘ir quality, soil quality, water low measurement, controlling itrigaion system and secutity 14 Ul, ‘TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ‘An overview of the architecture of this system is presented, along with the hardware description of the component parts, The acquisition level is performed bby devices that are part of Libefium platform. In Fig. 1 the architecture of the system used in irigation process i illustrated, Fig. 1. Popord artstre Libelium is a platform (hardware and software) used in IoT solutions systems and it is based on ‘wireless sensor networks. Libelium can be used on some of the most common applications of Smart World: air pollution, forest fire detection, wine quality ‘enhancing, sportsmen care, healtheare, smartphone detection, perimeter access control, water quality smart parking, vehicle auto-diagnosis, smart lighting, intelligent shopping and smart agriculture, The area covering Libelium expertize involves new vineyard project developed with Libelium ToT platform on Agrotech, new weather station sensors for maximum ‘accuracy, monitor “baby leaves” fourth-generation ‘vegetables production for an efficient use of fertilizers ‘Autiorced leaned use ltd to: Universty of Watedoo. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 00:29:12 UTC tom IEEE Xplore, Resvicionsapoly. and inrigation [IS]. Libelium comes with a new version for smart agriculture, enhancing the accuracy for monitoring the crops. Smart Agriculture Xtreme device (Fig. 2) includes top performance sensors for the most. demanding field applications such as vineyards, fruit orchards and greenhouse crops [16] Fig 2. Smart Agricuture Faroe [6] ‘The new solution has 19 sensors provided by the ‘most prestigious manufacturers such as Apogee, Decagon, Ecomatik and Gill Instruments [6], Among the multitude of sensors used in smart agriculture, we list che main sensors required for precision agriculture iit} © Contactless sensor for measuring surface femperature ‘+ Sensor for temperature measurement of leaves and flower buds. ‘+ Shortwave global radiation sensor. ‘© UV global radiation sensor. ‘© Temperature, humidity and pressure in at. ‘The values of the monitored parameters are sent to the Meshlium Xtreme Gateway and forward the data directly © Wi-Fi or 3G/GPRS protocols depending on the connectivity options available in the area Fig. 3 illustrates the prototype of the architecture integrated into the system for captured data visualization (17), Fig. 3. Dor visualization architecture [17 > ir IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ‘The analysis of the impact of meteorological parameters on agriculture was realized in a vineyard ara (Fig. 4) using Libelium Smart Agriculture Extreme, liom November 2018 until end of February 2019 for a period of almost 2000 hours. The data Acquired fiom the agricultaral sensors were eeniralized into a database and was used to highlight she impact of ‘measured parameter on crops. The variations of the registered parameters (illustrated in Fig.5-Fig.9) offer crucial information to the farmers, information related to the best period of time (in terms of air and soil temperature, leaf wetness, air and soil relaive humidity and. solar radiation) for them to start the cultivation process. The variation of the measured parameters (Cemperature, leaf wetness, relative humidity of air and soil and solar radiation) are presented Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 Fig. 5. Vasnion of ic temperste fi \ | ahah I Nay M vd vl According to Fig. $ the accuracy and precision of recorded data are very good considering. that the December is the coldest month of the year (the temperature reaches minimum values around 1000 hours which correspond to day 42 of monitoring). In the same time, it can be observed that the al temperature is quite high for these periods. Fig 6. Vatiaon of a wees The leaf wemess was describing the amount of dew and rain on the leaves. According to Fig 6, the few peaks correspond tothe time periods in which the atmosphere has been loaded with rainfall, the rest have been periods with reduced previpitation, Also, by correlating results from Fig. $ with the results in Fig.6 it can be stated that the maximum values for leaf ‘wetness are reached whenever the ar temperature tend {0 0°C (the water frozen limit). ‘Autozes leanded use lined to: University of Walesos, Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 0:20:12 UTC fom IEEE Xelore. Reston apy Fit. 7. Vatiaton of relive iio ir rrWT ay ‘The analysis of the Fig.7 and Pig.8 show that during the entire monitored period (November 2018- February 2019), according to the measured values of air humidity and soil and leaf wetness, no rainfall was recorded, ig 8. Vatiton of eave hairy of sit ‘The analysis of the Fig, 9 shows an increase in solar radiation values towards the end of winter, which ‘greatly contributes tothe development of vineyards. Fig. 9. Variation of solr ation Solar radiation plays a vital role in providing light for seed germination, crop development, and. influences the assimilation of nutrient distribution, V. CONCLUSION ‘The main conclusion following the experiments outlines that the implemented field monitoring platform system Libelium based on IoT technologies ean lead fo good and accurate precision in monitoring, analysing, assessing end controlling agricultural field, ‘The platform system has performed automatic ‘monitoring of the environmental temperature, humidity of air and soil, lea wetness and solar radiation, These factors end field conditions are monitored continuously throughout seeding t0 harvesting. The existence of these deta transmission systems highlights the knowledge of the soil-plant- simosphere interactions needed 1 optimize ‘agricultural production, The novelty of the system ‘consists in use of solar energy that powers the entire system, along with dedicated sensors. As future work we envision {esting the system for denial of service (DoS) atacks, We will focus on implementing DoS attacks to limit data transmission between Meshlium and the server, and as well, to prevent a legitimate user, a farmer, accessing their data from the server. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ‘The work presented in this paper has been funded by SmartAgro project subsidiary contract no. 8592/08.05.2018, from the NETIO. project ID: P_40_270, MySmis Code: 105976, REFERENCES ©. Kaminski, @ al, “Appliction Development for the Insect of Things A ComerteAware” Mixed Coscalty Sysicns " Developmeet Patios” Compute CCommancations, Val 10, May 2017.16 [2] Applications of oT am Agicutue, psn ioral comiict-applicatonsinaricutr! scesed on Ape 2019 13} Ewropea-Patamers Precision Agriculture: An Opportaty Ipwor europa europa cuRegDataerudestote201 41599038 POL- AGRI NT92820149429529009-EN pt, acesed ea Apel 2019 Is]. Sink Wotfer, Lan Gs, Cor Verduw, Mas-Jetoen Bogan, Big. 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