Analogy between linear & Rotational motion

CENTRE OF MASS System of particles and Linear motion Rotational Motion

The point where whole mass of system is rotational motion Velocity V =

ds
dt
angular velocity
dθ
dt
ω =
supposed to be concentrated. ds dω
C.M. acceleration a = angular acceleration α =
dt dt
RIGID BODY Force F = ma =
mdv d
Position of Centre of F
dt torque τ = I ∝ = (Iω)
mass of system d
F
dt
A body with perfectly definite and d

 unchanging shape during motion. work done W = F.S work done w = τ.θ
1. Position of centre of mass depends upon shaped, size
and distribution of mass of body.

r cm =
∑ mi ri Acceleration of Centre
1 1 2
2. Position of centre of mass of an object changes only ∑ mi of mass of system
 Translational Equilibrium
linear K.E =
2
mv 2 rotational K.E =
2
Iω
in translation motion. 
acm =
∑ i i
m a Rotational Equilibrium
 
3. Centre of mass & center of gravity coincide for a
small body. Velocity of centre of
∑ mi ∑ τext = 0 ∑ Fext = 0 Power P = F.V Power P = τ.ω ,
4. Centre of mass of rigid bodies is independent of the mass of system
 Linear momentum P = mv angular momentum L = Iω
state i.e rest or motion of the body. 
V cm =
∑ i i
m v
MOMENT OF INERTIA
∑ mi Impulse F∆t = mv − mu angular Impulse τpt = Iωf − Iωi
Shape of area Distance x Distance y Inertia of Rotational motion
n

I =∑ miri 2
a a
i =1
MOTION OF SYSTEM OF PARTICLES
2 2 & RIGID BODY
where r is distance perpendicular to the
axis of Rotation. Factors & radius of Pure Rotational Motion:-
a Radius of gyration gyration depends (1)distance between two particles of
b a rigid body remains constant, So the
2
2 r12 + r22 ..........rn2 (1) Position & configuration relative motion of one particle w.r.t other
ANGULAR MOMENTUM K= of the axis of rotation particle is circular motion.
n (2) Angular velocity of all the particles
   (2) distribution of mass about a given point of a Rigid body is
r r I
L O = r OA × P (angular momentum about point O) K= about the axis of same.
  M Rotation. S = Rθ, V = R;
= r OA × (mv)
  (3) If α = Constant (angular acceleration),
4r
I = MK²
(AOR) L=rxp

3π
r
= mr OA × v ωf = ωi + αt
  θ = ωi t +
1 2
αt
= m rOA v sin θ
A
2
b h ω2f = ωi2 + 2αθ
3 3 MR2  ω + ω2 
θ= 1 t
 2 
1 1 1 1  V2 
mv 2 + Iω 2 = 2 mv + mk 2  2 
2
K.Erolling =
MR2 2 2 2 r 
2
= 2 mv 1 + r
1  K2 
ANGULAR MOMENTUM CONSERVATION
2
2 

ML2
   12
τ = r ×F Combined Rotation + translation Motion ROLLING ON INCLINED PLANE
   MR 2
  
(CRTM):-
(EK)r = rota�onal K.E
 dL if τnet = 0 ⇒ L =constant 2 V CRTM = V pure rotation + V translational
τnet =    (a) for solid sphere, (Ek)r = 40% of (Ek)t
dt  MR2
aCRTM = apure rotation + a translational (b) For snell (Ek)r = 66% of (Ek)t,
 n
 dL  Dynamics of CRTM (c) For disc, (Ek)r = 50% of (Ek)t of (Ek)t
L system = ∑ Li
4
 = 0  for analysing its motion we apply two (d) For ring, (Ek)r = (Ek)t
 dt
MR2
i =1  equation
 
Angular momentum of rigid body performing pure MR2 ∑ τ ext

= Ma cm
  
(1) VELOCITY AT LOWEST POINT
2
rotation about fixed axis (L ) =I ω ∑ τext = I α = r × Fext 2 gh
sys AOR AOR Solid sphere, 2MR2 V=
radius R Newton’s laws of motion is valid in inertial K2
5 1+ 2
frame. R
Relation between Torque & Angular momentum: To apply second equation of Newton about Non
 Theorem of moment of Inertia – inertial Point, Pseudo – force is applied at (2) ACCELERATION ALONG INCLINED PLANE
 dL Com of body.
• τnet = g sin θ
Perpendicular axis theorem Parallel – axis theorem a=
dt K.E.CRTM = K.E.rotation + K.E.translation
1+ 2
K2
1 1
• Unit of Torque = N.m Icm ω2 + Mv cm
K.E. = 2 R
2 2
• Dimensional formula = M1L2 T −2 - 1 1
K.E. = MK 2 ω2 + Mv cm 2
 
        2 2 (3) Time taken to reach the bottom
AngularImpulse:- J = ∫ τ.dt , Jnet = L f − Li J, = r × I , Unit = Nm ⋅ s • Angular momentum of Rigid body performing of the inclined plane is.
CRTM follows Pure Rotational as a Rigid  K2 
     2h  1 + 2 
- I = ∫ F dt , Inet = P f − Pi , Unit = N ⋅ s
Linear Impulse: , Itanget = Idia + MR2 body about C.O.M and Translation as
t=
1  R 
1
I Z = I X + Iy a particle. sin θ g

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001