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Environment in AI

PEAS is an acronym that defines the key elements in artificial intelligence systems - Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors. It helps determine the goal and operating context for an intelligent agent. The environment refers to the external context an AI system operates in, such as physical or virtual surroundings. There are several types of environments including fully/partially observable, deterministic/stochastic, single/multi-agent, static/dynamic, and discrete/continuous. Defining the environment is important for designing, analyzing and evaluating intelligent systems.

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304 views7 pages

Environment in AI

PEAS is an acronym that defines the key elements in artificial intelligence systems - Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors. It helps determine the goal and operating context for an intelligent agent. The environment refers to the external context an AI system operates in, such as physical or virtual surroundings. There are several types of environments including fully/partially observable, deterministic/stochastic, single/multi-agent, static/dynamic, and discrete/continuous. Defining the environment is important for designing, analyzing and evaluating intelligent systems.

Uploaded by

lucifer161103
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•

PEAS stands for performance measure, environment, actuators, and sensors. PEAS
defines AI models and helps determine the task environment for an intelligent agent.

Performance measure: It defines the success of an agent. It evaluates the criteria that
determines whether the system performs well.

Environment: It refers to the external context in which an AI system operates. It


encapsulates the physical and virtual surroundings, including other agents, objects, and
conditions.

Actuators: They are responsible for executing actions based on the decisions made. They
interact with the environment to bring about desired changes.

Sensors: An agent observes and perceives its environment through sensors. Sensors
provide input data to the system, enabling it to make informed decisions.

Examples
Agent Performance Environment Actuators Sensors
measure

Vacuum Cleanliness, security, Room, table, carpet, Wheels, brushes Camera, sensors
cleaner battery floors

Chatbot Helpful responses, Messaging platform, Sender mechanism, NLP algorithms


system accurate responses internet, website typer

Efficient navigation, Roads, traffic, Brake, accelerator, Cameras, GPS,


Autonomous safety, time, comfort pedestrians, road steer, horn speedometer
vehicle signs

Hospital Patient's health, cost Doctors, patients, Prescription, Symptoms


nurses, staff diagnosis, tests,
treatments
Advantages
PEAS offers several advantages in the development and implementation of intelligent
systems.

• Clarity: PEAS helps define the performance measure clearly, allowing developers to
establish specific goals and objectives for the AI system. It ensures system
performance evaluation and measurement effectively against predefined criteria.
• User experience: PEAS creates AI systems that provide user experiences by
considering the performance measure and designing the system. Whether it's
accuracy, efficiency, or personalized interactions, the system meets user
expectations and provides value by focusing on performance.
• Evaluation: PEAS provides a basis for evaluating the performance of AI systems
and identifying improvement areas. Developers measure the system's performance,
gather feedback, and make informed decisions for enhancing the system's
capabilities and addressing shortcomings by defining clear performance measures.

Conclusion
In conclusion, PEAS plays a significant role in designing and analyzing intelligent systems
in artificial intelligence. By considering the performance measure, environment, actuators,
and sensors, AI developers can effectively define the objectives, operating context, actions,
and perception mechanisms of an AI agent.
Environment :

An environment in artificial intelligence is the surrounding of the agent. The


agent takes input from the environment through sensors and delivers the
output to the environment through actuators. There are several types of
environments:
• Fully Observable vs Partially Observable
• Deterministic vs Stochastic
• Competitive vs Collaborative
• Single-agent vs Multi-agent
• Static vs Dynamic
• Discrete vs Continuous
• Episodic vs Sequential
• Known vs Unknown
Environment types

1. Fully Observable vs Partially Observable


• When an agent sensor is capable to sense or access the complete state of
an agent at each point in time, it is said to be a fully observable
environment else it is partially observable.
• Maintaining a fully observable environment is easy as there is no need to
keep track of the history of the surrounding.
• An environment is called unobservable when the agent has no sensors in
all environments.
• Examples:
• Chess – the board is fully observable, and so are the opponent’s
moves.
• Driving – the environment is partially observable because what’s
around the corner is not known.
2. Deterministic vs Stochastic
• When a uniqueness in the agent’s current state completely determines the
next state of the agent, the environment is said to be deterministic.
• The stochastic environment is random in nature which is not unique and
cannot be completely determined by the agent.
• Examples:
• Chess – there would be only a few possible moves for a coin at the
current state and these moves can be determined.
• Self-Driving Cars- the actions of a self-driving car are not unique,
it varies time to time.
3. Competitive vs Collaborative
• An agent is said to be in a competitive environment when it competes
against another agent to optimize the output.
• The game of chess is competitive as the agents compete with each other to
win the game which is the output.
• An agent is said to be in a collaborative environment when multiple agents
cooperate to produce the desired output.
• When multiple self-driving cars are found on the roads, they cooperate
with each other to avoid collisions and reach their destination which is the
output desired.
4. Single-agent vs Multi-agent
• An environment consisting of only one agent is said to be a single-agent
environment.
• A person left alone in a maze is an example of the single-agent system.
• An environment involving more than one agent is a multi-agent
environment.
• The game of football is multi-agent as it involves 11 players in each team.
5. Dynamic vs Static
• An environment that keeps constantly changing itself when the agent is up
with some action is said to be dynamic.
• A roller coaster ride is dynamic as it is set in motion and the environment
keeps changing every instant.
• An idle environment with no change in its state is called a static
environment.
• An empty house is static as there’s no change in the surroundings when an
agent enters.
6. Discrete vs Continuous
• If an environment consists of a finite number of actions that can be
deliberated in the environment to obtain the output, it is said to be a
discrete environment.
• The game of chess is discrete as it has only a finite number of moves. The
number of moves might vary with every game, but still, it’s finite.
• The environment in which the actions are performed cannot be numbered
i.e. is not discrete, is said to be continuous.
• Self-driving cars are an example of continuous environments as their
actions are driving, parking, etc. which cannot be numbered.
7.Episodic vs Sequential
• In an Episodic task environment, each of the agent’s actions is divided
into atomic incidents or episodes. There is no dependency between
current and previous incidents. In each incident, an agent receives input
from the environment and then performs the corresponding action.
• Example: Consider an example of Pick and Place robot, which is used to
detect defective parts from the conveyor belts. Here, every time
robot(agent) will make the decision on the current part i.e. there is no
dependency between current and previous decisions.
• In a Sequential environment, the previous decisions can affect all future
decisions. The next action of the agent depends on what action he has
taken previously and what action he is supposed to take in the future.
• Example:
• Checkers- Where the previous move can affect all the following
moves.
8. Known vs Unknown
• In a known environment, the output for all probable actions is given.
Obviously, in case of unknown environment, for an agent to make a
decision, it has to gain knowledge about how the environment works.

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