Introduction to

Test Automation
 Agenda

• Introduction to Test Automation

• Problems of Manual Testing
• Benefits of Test Automation
• When & When not ?
1.
Introduction to Test
Automation
 Test Automation

Test automation is the practice

of automatically reviewing and
validating a software product.
Disadvantages of
Manual Testing
 Problems of Manual Testing

◎ Time Consuming ex : Form with 25 field

◎ Difficult to test multi language applications

◎ Can become boring

◎ Slow

◎ Can not cover all test coverage

Benefits of Test
Automation
 Benefits of Test Automation

◎ Save Time

◎ Repeatability

◎ Reusable

◎ Speed

◎ Increase test coverage

When should we use
Test Automation?
Test Cases to
Automate
◎ Critical Test Cases
◎ Repeatedly Test Cases
◎ Difficult to Manual
◎ Test Cases Time Consuming
Test Cases not
to Automate
◎ Test Case newly design
◎ Test Case requirement changes frequently
◎ Test Cases are executed ad-hoc basis
Thanks!
Introduction to
Selenium
 Agenda

• Selenium Introduction
• Selenium Features
• Selenium Components
• How Selenium WebDriver Work
1.
Selenium Introduction
 Selenium

◎ Set of tools support test automation for

web applications.

◎ Dealing with HTML , No backend

◎ Allow for locating elements then comparing
expected result and actual result.
2.
Selenium Features
 Selenium Features

◎ Open Source

◎ Support Cross Browser

◎ Support Several Programming Language :Java, C#,

Python and Ruby , ..etc.

◎ Record/Playback (Selenium IDE)

◎ Inbuilt Reporting
3.
Selenium Components
 Selenium Components

◎ Selenium IDE : Plugin in Firefox only for record/playback.

◎ Selenium Remote Control (RC) : Run code in other server.

◎ Selenium WebDriver : Accept commands then send them

to browsers.

◎ Selenium Grid : Run scripts in multibrowser in parallel.

4.
How Selenium
WebDriver Work
How Selenium WebDriver Work
Thanks!
Selenium Installation
 Agenda

• Install JAVA
• Install IDE
• Install Selenium
• Configure Selenium Jars
1.
Install JAVA
 Install JAVA

◎ Download Java:
◎ https://www.java.com/en/download/
◎ Install Java JDK
2.
Install IDE
 Install IDE

◎ Download IDE:
◎ Eclipse Downloads

◎ Apache NetBeans Releases

◎ Download IntelliJ IDEA

◎ Or any other IDE

3.
Install Selenium
 Install Selenium

◎ Download Selenium Java:

◎ https://www.seleniumhq.org/download//

◎ Un Zip Selenium Jars

4.
Configure Selenium Jars
 Configure Selenium Jars

◎ Open IntelliJ
◎ File > Project Structure

◎ Modules

◎ Select all Jars in& out lib

Thanks!
Write Your First Script
 Agenda

• Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

 Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

◎ Create Java Project

*Don’t forget configure jars*

◎ Download WebDriver for your

browser
◎ ChromeDriver – WebDriver

◎ Mozilla/geckodriver (github.com)

◎ Microsoft Edge Driver

 Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

◎ Set Property of your browser driver

Browser Driver Path

 Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

◎ Object from WebDriver Class and initiate it to bowser driver.

WebDriver BrowserDriver
 Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

◎ Navigate to URL
 Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

◎ Quit after end your script

 Write Your First Script Using Selenium WebDriver

◎ Code
Thanks!
Working with Maven
 Agenda
• What is Maven ?
• Why Maven ?
• Create Maven Project
1.
What is Maven ?
 What is Maven ?

◎ Maven is a powerful and widely java project.

2.
Why Maven ?
 Why Maven ?
◎ Simple project setup that follows best practices.

◎ Adding jars files automatically.

◎ Managing dependency using pom.xml.

◎ Maven download the newer versions

automatically and store them in local repository.
2.
Create Maven Project
 Create Maven Project
◎ Download Maven:

◎ Maven – Download Apache Maven

◎ Setup Environment variables 3

2 4

1
 Create Maven Project

◎ Create Maven Project:

◎ Maven – Download Apache Maven

◎ Add dependencies

◎ MavenRepository
Thanks!
Selenium Basic Method
 Agenda
• get(“url”); • navigate() ;
• getCurrentUrl(); • manage();
• getTitle(); • close();
• getPageSource(); • quit();
• getWindowHandle();
 get(“url”);

◎ To launch any Web Application we use Get() to insert the URL as

the below code:

driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
 navigate() ;

◎ Navigate() method can be used for many operation in browsers

driver.navigate().
 manage();

◎ The control the screen size of the browser

driver.manage().window().
 getCurrentUrl();

◎ To get the URL of the current website launched by

driver.getCurrentUrl();
 getTitle();

◎ To get the page title of the current website launched

driver.getTitle();
 getPageSource();

◎ To get the code or the source of the current website

driver.getPageSource();
 getWindowHandle();

◎ To get the Context unique identifier of the current page .

driver.getWindowHandle();
 close();

◎ The below method will close the current tab

driver.close();
 quit();

◎ The below method will close All tabs

driver.quit();
Thanks!
Web Elements and Locators
 Agenda

• Web Elements
• Web Elements Locator (Inspector)
1.
Web Element
 Web Element
◎ Any individual item existed in web page is
called element.

◎ Every element has its properties.

2.
Web Elements Locator
(Inspector)
 Web Elements Locator

◎ There are many ways to inspect the

Elements to know their properties.
 Locators
◎ ID

◎ Name

◎ TagName

◎ Link Text - Partial link text

◎ Class Name

◎ Xpath

◎ CSS
 ID Locator

◎ ID is one of the important Locator for Selenium to find elements,

You can use the below code:

driver.findElement(By.id(“Value"));
 “
-Not all elements have IDs
The ID might be auto-generated
 Name Locator

◎ Name is one of the important Locator for Selenium to find

elements, You can use the below code:

driver.findElement(By.name(“Value"));
 “
Some elements might have neither ID nor
Name
In this case, we use other selectors
 Class Name Locator

driver.findElement(By.Class(“form-control"))
 “
“Compound classes are not allowed in
class name locator ”

◎ Compound Classes :Classes that have Spaces between the words

 “
Class name is not preferred ?
because usually more elements may have
the same class name .
TagName Locator
TagName Locator
 Link Text Locator

driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Value"))
Link Text Locator
Link Text Locator
 Partial Link Text Locator

driver.findElement(By.partiallinktext(“Value"))
Partial Link Text Locator
Partial Link Text Locator
 CSS Locator

◎ CSS using Id

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#id”);

◎ CSS using ClassName

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“.className”);

◎ CSS using attribute

driver.findElement(By. cssSelector(“[attribute=value]”);
 CSS Locator

◎ CSS with children “space”(Direct or Indirect)

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“.parent .child”);

◎ CSS with children “>”(Direct only)

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“.parent>.child”);

◎ nth-of-type(index)
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“.parent .child:nth-of-type(index)”);
 XPath Locator

◎ XPath is one of the important locators for Selenium to find

elements, You can use the below code:

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//tagName[@attribute = ‘value’]”);

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@type = ‘search’]”);

Note : you can use * to select any tag

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//*[@attribute = ‘value’]”);
 XPath Locator

◎ Contains
driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//*[contains(@attribute,‘partial value’)]”);

◎ Text
driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//*[text()=‘value’]”);
Thanks!
Interact with browser
 Send Keys
◎ Firstly find the element then use SendKeys(“ ”)

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//*[@attribute,‘value’]”).sendKeys(“ ");
 Click
◎ Firstly find the element then use Click(“ ”)

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//*[@attribute,‘value’]”).click(“ ");
getText
 Drop Down
◎ Firstly find the element then use Select Class
WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));

Select DropDown = new Select(element);

SelectByVisibleText
SelectByValue
SelectByIndex
getFirstSelectedOption()
Size()
WebTables
WebTables
Checkboxes
 Is Displayed
◎ Firstly find the element then use isDisplayed();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]")).isDisplayed();

◎ Returns true if element exists in page , false if it doesn’t

exist.
 Is Enabled
◎ First find the element then use isEnabled();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]")).isEnabled();

◎ Returns true if element editable , otherwise return false

 Is Selected
◎ Firstly find the element then use isSelected();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]")).isSelected();

◎ Return true if element(Radio Button/Check Box) for

example is selected , otherwise return false

Checkboxes
IsElementPresent
 Double Click
◎ Firstly find the element then use Action(); doubleClick();
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));

Actions action=new actions (driver);

action.doubleClick(element).perform();

◎ Perform : for one action

◎ Build : for more actions
 Right Click
◎ Firstly find the element then use Action(); contextClick();
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));

Actions action=new actions (driver);

action.contextClick(element).perform();
 Move To Element
◎ Firstly find the element then use Action(); moveToElement();
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));

Actions action=new actions (driver);

action.moveToElement(element).perform();
 Drag & Drop
◎ Firstly specify Source & Destination the element then use Action();
dragAndDrop();
WebElement source=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));
WebElement destination=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));

Actions action=new actions (driver);

action.dragAndDrop(source, destination).perform();
 Click & Hold
◎ Firstly specify Source & Destination the element then use Action();
clickAndHold(); moveToElement;
WebElement source=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));
WebElement destination=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=submit]"));

Actions action=new actions (driver);

action.dragAndDrop(source). moveToElement(destination).release().build().perform();

◎ Release : as leave mouse

◎ Build : for more actions
Thanks!
Multiple Windows
 getWindowHandle();

◎ To get the Context unique identifier of the current page .

String WindowId = driver.getWindowHandle();

 getWindowHandles();

◎ To get the Context unique identifier of the all pages you clicked in
set {p1,p2,p3,p…}.

Set<string> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandle();

 switchTo();
◎ To switch between windows

driver.switchTo().window(window);
 close();

◎ The below method will close the current tab

driver.close();
 quit();

◎ The below method will close All tabs

driver.quit();
 quit();

◎ The below method will close All tabs

driver.quit();
Thanks!
Frames
frame();
 frame();

driver.switchTo().frame(“name”);
 frame();

driver.switchTo().frame(“id”);
 frame();

Web element = driver.findElement(By.id(“id”))

driver.switchTo().frame(“web element”);
 parentFrame();

◎ After finishigh your work in any frame you need to switch to

parent frame.

driver.switchTo().parentFrame()
Nested Frames

Main Frame

2
3
Parent
Frame
Child
Frame
Thanks!
Threads & Waits
 “
Selenium doesn’t wait if any
element take seconds to be
shown in website.
 Thread.sleep();

Thread.sleep(milli seconds);
 implicitlyWait();

Is used in all session , and be apply only for element that's take time.

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds))
 Disadvantages of implicit Wait

◎ Only wait if any element take seconds to be shown in website.

◎ Don’t care if element is visible or is enabled or clickable or …
 Explicit Wait

◎ Wait based on condition

new WebDriverWait(driver,Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(ExpectedConditions.)
 “
Do not mix implicit and explicit waits.
Doing so can cause unpredictable wait
times
Thanks!
Alerts
 alert();

driver.findElement(By.id(“id”))

driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
 Get text from alert();

driver.switchTo().alert().getText();
 Send keys to alert();

driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys(“Value”);
Thanks!
Testing Framework
(TestNG)
 Core functions of a Test Framework

◎ Create & Execute Test Scripts

◎ Generate Test Reports
◎ Generate Logs
◎ Read & Write Test Data

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1.
What is TestNG

160
 What is TestNG

◎ TestNG is a testing framework introducing some new functions

that make automation more powerful and easier to use.

◎ TestNG is designed to cover all categories of tests: unit,

functional, end-to-end, integration, etc....

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 TestNG Functionality
◎ Annotations.
◎ Run your tests in arbitrarily big thread pools (in their own
thread)
◎ Flexible test configuration.
◎ Powerful execution model (no more TestSuite).
◎ Supported by a variety of tools and plug-ins (Eclipse, IDEA,
Maven, etc...).

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 Why TestNG

◎ TestNG in Selenium provides an option testng-failed.xml, If

you want to run only failed test cases.

◎ Each test case executed and evaluated separately.

◎ Create testing suite file where Multiple test cases can be

grouped more easily by converting them into testng.xml file.

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2.
Why TestNG

164
 Why TestNG

◎ Can make priorities which test case should be executed first.

◎ Parallel testing is possible using TestNG

◎ Parametrization provided by TestNG is more convenient and

easier to use through data provider

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3.
Adding TestNG to POM.xml

166
 Adding TestNG to POM.xml

◎ 1-Go to https://mvnrepository.com
◎ 2-Go to the latest version stable
◎ 3-Add dependency in pom.xml file

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4.
TestNG Annotations

168
 TestNG Annotations

◎ An annotation is a tag that provides information about the

method, class, and suite. It helps to define the execution
approach of your test cases and the different features
associated with it.

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 Pre-conditions

◎ @BeforeSuite: run before all tests in this suite have run.

◎ @BeforeTest: run before any test method belonging to the classes inside the tag is run.

◎ @BeforeClass: runs before the execution of test methods in a current class.

◎ @BeforeMethod: annotated method will be run before each test method.

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 Post-conditions

◎ @AfterClass: run after all the test methods in the current class have been run.

◎ @AfterSuite: run after all tests in this suite have run.

◎ @AfterTest: run after all the test methods belonging to the classes inside the tag

have run.

◎ @AfterMethod: annotated method will be run after each test method.

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Execution Order
1. Before Suite
2. BeforeTest
3. BeforeClass
4. BeforeMethod
5. Test
6. AfterMethod
7. AfterClass
8. AfterTest
9. AfterSuite

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5.
TestNG Assertions

173
 TestNG Assertions

◎ TestNG provides multiple level assertions to validate your

actual results against your expected results.

◎ If the actual result is equal to expected result: Pass

◎ If the actual result is not equal to expected result: Fail

174
 TestNG Assertions

◎ assertTrue: Verifies whether the defined condition is true or not. If true, it will pass

the test case. If not, it will fail the test case

Assert.assertTrue(condition, Message);

◎ assertFalse: Verifies whether the defined condition is false or not unlike

assertTrue.
Assert.assertFalse(condition, Message);
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 TestNG Assertions

◎ assertEquals: Compares the expected value with actual value If both are the

same, it passes the test case. If not, it fails the test case.

Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected, Message(optional) );

◎ assertNotEquals: It’s just opposite to what assertEquals does

Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected, Message(optional) );

176
6.
Assertion Types

177
Assertion Types

Soft Assert Hard Assert

178
 Hard Assert

◎ If assert condition gets failed in Hard Assert :

◎ TestNG throws an exception immediately after the assert fails
◎ The remaining statements inside the method will be aborted.
◎ TestNG carries out with the next test case of the suite.

179
 Soft Assert
◎ If assert condition gets failed in Soft Assert :

◎ TestNG collects errors during execution and doesn’t throws an exception

◎ The remaining statements inside the method will be executed

◎ If there is any exception and you want to throw it then you need to use assertAll()

◎ TestNG will carry out with the next test case of the suite.

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7.
TestNG Priority

181
 TestNG Priority

◎ Prioritization in TestNG is a way to provide a sequence to the methods so that they

do not run out of order.

182
 TestNG Priority
◎ Priority in TestNG test cases is a parameter with attribute value
○ E.X: @Test(priority=1)

◎ If no priority mentioned, Testng will execute the @Test methods based on

alphabetical order of their method names irrespective of their place of

implementation in the code.

183
 TestNG Priority Notes

◎ Definition of Priority in TestNG test methods can only be the @Test methods.

◎ TestNG will execute @Test annotation with the highest priority (priority = 1) to the

lowest one

◎ One method is allowed to have only one priority in TestNG.

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