A

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

SMART RING
Submitted By

VAISHAKH K
Reg.No: 19031334

Diploma in Electrical & Electronics Engineering

2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KMCT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Campus: Kallanthode,NIT.P.O Mukkam, Calicut

Kerala, pin- 673601

 KMCT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
(Sponsored By Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust)
CAMPUS: KALLANTHODE, NIT.P.O MUKKAM, CALICUT

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “SMART RING” is
a bonafide record of the seminar presented by VAISHAKH K, Reg. No.
19031334 towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of Diploma in Electrical & Electronics Engineering under the Technical
Education, Department Government of Kerala during the academic year
2021-2022.

Place;Kalanthode

Date:

Staff in-charge Head of section

APARNESH R K DILEEP K K

Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg.
KMCT Polytechnic College KMCT Polytechnic College

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby express my sincere gratitude to all who have cooperated with me

to make my seminar a success.
First and for most I would like to thank Almighty God. I convey my
thanks to our respected principal Mr. UDAYAN C, providing as a valuable
opportunity.
I am grateful to DILEEP K K head of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering department, for his valuable suggestion and inspirations throughout
the preparation of this seminar.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to APARNESH R K
lecturer in charge for their guidance.

I also extend my sincere thanks to all other faculty members of other

department of KMCT Polytechnic College and my parents and friends for their
supports and encouragement.

VAISHAKH K
 ABSTRACT
A smart ring is a wearable electronics device with advanced mobile
components that combine features of mobile devices with innovative features useful
for mobile or handheld use. Smart rings, which are typically the size of traditional
rings or larger, combine the features of a mobile device, such as the ability to make
payments and mitigate access control, with popular innovative uses such as gesture
control and activity tracking. Smart rings can communicate directly with smart phones
or compatible devices (such as personal computers) through a variety of applications
and websites. Some smart rings can operate without the need of a mobile phone, such
as when interacting with back-end systems on the cloud through or performing
standalone functions such as activity tracking. They typically do not have a display
and operate by contextual relevance, such as by making a payment when near a
payment terminal, unlocking an electronic lock when near the lock, or controlling
home appliances when making gestures in the home. Some smart rings have physical
or capacitive buttons to use as an activation mechanism, such as to initiate a gesture or
make a phone call.
 LIST OF CONTENTS
SL NO TITLE PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. USES 2
3. WORKING 6
4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 7
5. COMPONENTS 8
6. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 9
7. ADVANTAGES 11
8. DISADVANTAGES 12
9. CONCLUSION 13
10. REFERENCE 15
 LIST OF FIGURES
SL NO TITLE PAGE NO
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM 7
SEMINAR REPORT 2021-2022 SMART RING

1. INTRODUCTION

A smart ring is a wearable electronics device loaded with mobile components

like sensors and NFC chips that are used for a variety of applications, mostly tracking
daily activities and as a peripheral tool to support mobile devices. This makes smart
rings a nifty alternative to smart watches and fitness bands. But smart ring
applications go beyond monitoring steps or as an extension of your smartphones.

Smart ring devices can be used for a range of applications. The most common
uses we’ve seen on the market nowadays are in the health and fitness category. But
other practical applications include digital payments, online security, and access
control. As the smart ring market matures, more use cases will surely come to the fore.

In this section, let’s go through some common practical uses of smart rings. It’s
important to note that most smart rings don’t have only one function. For instance, one
smart ring can track both your sleeping habits and daily activities. Other smart rings
can do both on top of other features like contactless payments and online security.

Wearable technology has a variety of applications which grows as the field itself
expands. It appears prominently in consumer electronics with the popularization of the
smart watch and activity tracker. Apart from commercial uses, wearable technology is
being incorporated into navigation systems, advanced textiles, and healthcare. Today’s
wearable devices enable real-time monitoring with the aim of self-care and
prevention. Wearable device can help understand user routines and their baseline
norms. Smart watches and smart bands are first forms of wearable devices that made
theinteraction between user and smart phone easier. Smart watches are mostly need to
be paired with a smart phone using any connecting technology such as near-field
communication (NFC) or Bluetooth. Smart bands which have a simple form compared
to smart watches and their main function is to track and analyze human movements
during the day.
As of today, there are no low budget, consumer targeted wearable devices or
smartphone applications that enhance the user-device interaction. We identified the

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following one experimental project that named fin which is a Bluetooth ring designed
for remote controlling mobile devices. Their idea was an optical device that turns the
entire hand into swipe able and tappable interface space.

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2. USE
One of the main features of the smart ring is to serve as a near-field communication device,
effectively eliminating the need to carry credit cards, door keys, car keys, and potentially even ID
cards or driver's licenses. Other uses include connection to a smartphone in order to notify the user of
incoming calls, text, emails, and more; use as gesture-based controller, allowing the user to perform a
variety of actions with a simple motion of the hand; and measure steps, distance, sleep, heart rate, and track
how many calories the user consumes. Other functions are

1. Sleep Monitoring

Sleep-tracking smart rings keep tabs on sleep patterns, including how

much sleep you get, sleep disturbances, and how much time is spent in the
different sleep cycles. This allows smart rings to come up with
recommendations on how users can regulate their bodies based on their
personal circadian rhythm, our natural 24-hour body clock. Smart rings are a
popular choice for sleep monitoring mainly because they are less restrictive and
cumbersome as compared to other wearable with sleep-tracking capabilities
like a smart watch or wrist-worn fitness bands. There are quite a few players in
this smart ring category, including GO2SLEEP, Oura, Motiv, and THIM.

2. Fitness Tracking

Fitness tracking is a common functionality among smart ring devices.

Fitness smart rings can monitor daily activities, including the number of steps
taken, distance traveled while walking, and calories burned.

3. Health & Wellness Management

Health and wellness is a category that many smart rings are doing really
well. Rocking more sophisticated technologies, these smart rings are capable of
tracking health parameters like heart rate, blood oxygen levels (SpO2), blood
pressure, and glucose levels, among others. Meanwhile, some smart rings can
be used to measure a user’s stress level through electrodermal activity (EDA),
the same reference used in lie detector tests to evaluate emotion and cognition
through the skin. Moodmetric Ring does precisely that and helps you manage
your stress levels.

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4. Contactless Payments

The contactless payment system is an emerging trend in the smart ring segment
with products like McLEAR and K Ring already paving the way. With a
contactless payment ring, you can tap-to-pay transactions below the local floor-
limit on Visa and MasterCard contactless payment terminals globally. Some
banks in countries like the U.K., Japan, France, Netherlands, Russia, and
Australia are now offering contactless payment rings to their customers for
credit and debit payments on Visa- and MasterCard-enabled payment
terminals. No smartphone or bank account number is necessary to make
contactless payments, just how Ever the smart ring over a point of sale (POS)
terminal and the transaction is done.

5. Online security

Online security has just started to become a real functionality in smart

rings. Motive Ring, for instance, uses two-factor authentication (2FA) for web
log-ins with the help of its app and preset gesture control. An up-and-coming
online security feature in smart rings is biometric authentication, which
provides a more secure way to navigate around the web than passwords and
PINs. Motive is doing a beta test for fingerprint scanning and facial recognition
as authentication methods. In development are biometric authentications based
on a user’s electrocardiogram (ECG) and gait, or the manner a person walks.
Like face recognition and fingerprint scanning, ECG is far safer and more
resilient against hacking, identity theft, phishing, and other malicious attacks.

6. Remote Control

Most smart rings have capabilities that allow you to control your smartphone
and other devices. Whether it’s to set alarms, receive message or call
notifications, or control music, smart rings are a great tool to minimize your
screen time and increase your productivity.

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7. Smart Key

There are smart rings now that can work as a smart key. Take Token
Ring, for example. Token Ring has an optical sensor inside it that enables you
to open your home, car, or office instead of using a traditional physical key,
access card, or badges. Taking the smart ring off your finger locks the door or
halts access. This makes for a great security system so no one else can access
your home, car, office, gym, or anything that it’s connected to. Token Ring is
compatible with HID SEOS digital access systems.

8. Transit Pass

A slew of NFC smart rings can serve as a travel pass or ticket for public
transportation with tap-to-pay card reader terminals at transit gates. These
smart rings are essentially stored-value cards (SVC), keeping the monetary
value of the travel fund readily available without any third-party support of
credit or debit accounts or network connection required. K Ring does this for
Transport for London services and most National Rail services in the city.

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3. WORKING

It’s fascinating to know how smart rings pack electronics inside such a
minuscule form factor. Not surprisingly, the magic behind this tiny wearable is not
just one but quite a few technologies, including an NFC chip, sensor, Bluetooth chip,
battery, microcontroller, and light indicator.

1. NFC
NFC, or near field communication, is a wireless connection that uses magnetic
field induction to facilitate communication between devices within a short range,
either by bringing them a few centimeters close to each other or when they are
touched. And this makes NFC-enabled transactions very safe from malicious
activities. NFC technology has been around since the 1980s, and it’s proven
successful with common applications in smartphones, laptops, transport cards,
access cards, POS terminals, digital wallets (Apple Pay, Google Pay, Samsung
Pay, etc.), and more.
2. SENSORS
Sensors are responsible for tracking whatever parameters a smart ring has. Depending
on what functionalities smart ring brands want to include in their devices, different
sensors may be embedded into the ring. The variety of sensors used in smart rings
include a heart or pulse monitor (usually infrared or optical), 3-axis accelerometer (for
tracking movements like walking, running, sleeping, etc.), gyroscope (for detecting both
movement and balance), EDA sensor (for tracking emotions, feelings, and cognition,
including stress levels), SpO2 sensor (for monitoring blood oxygen levels), glucose
sensor, and NTC thermistor (for tracking body temperature).
3. BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is necessary to sync up a smart ring’s data collected by the sensors to a

smartphone app. This allows smart ring brands to deliver reports and
recommendations in a more user-friendly format. Some smart rings will deliver
raw data based on what the sensors have recorded; other more sophisticated smart
rings analyze that data to give users personalized recommendations.

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4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

This section presents the system architecture of the proposed work. Fig. 2
illustrates the architecture of the system. We have made use of Arduino board which
is the heart of the device. The advantage of using Arduino series of board is the
availability of peripherals, libraries and easy debugging capability. A Bluetooth
module have been used to rely notifications between the smart phone and our device.
An accelerometer and gyroscope module which is small, low power, complete 6-axis
with signal conditioned voltage output measures the acceleration with a minimum full
scale range of +/- 3g.The gyroscope provide signal in terms of rotational velocity
(rotation distance over time) while the accelerometer produces signal in distance over
time The accelerometer will be activated with 5V of power supply and communicates
through the I2C protocol.
Gyroscope generally used to measure the angular rate of rotation where the
gyroscope will provide the rate of change in orientation angle over time (angular
velocity) with measurement unit degree per second. Accelerometer are designed to
measure acceleration forces where it can be determined by the measurement of the
direction of the gravity forces. Here, we are using MPU6050 which is a combination
of both accelerometer and gyroscope module. For precision tracking of both fast and
slow motions, the MPU6050 feature a user-programmable gyroscope full scale range
of +-20, +-500, +-1000 and +-2000 degree per second (dps). The parts also have a
user programmable accelerometer full scale range of +/-2g, +/-4g, +/-8g and +/-16g.

Fig:1 block diagram

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5. COMPONENTS
Smart rings need components like batteries, NFC chips, radio modules, status
displays, microphones, vibrator modules and sensors. A microcontroller is needed to
operate the different components. The electronic components are encased by a sturdy
ring housing made of high-quality skin-compatible material. Tiny displays or
operating elements can be integrated in the housing.
Adhesive solutions are often used for the assembly of these components. Below you
will find an overview of the most common applications for smart rings:

 Battery mounting
 FPCs mounting
 PCBs mounting
 Antenna mounting
 Sensor mounting
 Shielding and grounding
 Covering

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6. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The objective is to develop a prototype for a low-cost smart accessory which

pairs with a smartphone. The accelerometer measures hand movement which is used
in an algorithm to decide whether to attend the call or not. A threshold is defined
based on the hand movement and it determines whether to attend the call or not.
An android application is developed such that general notification such as incoming
calls and message can be shown on the display. If a message or call is received on the
smartphone, the Android application will intercept the same and relay the information
to the device. The information regarding the call or message is transferred using the
Bluetooth module in this prototype.
Mobile application can be effectively used for the fulfillment of the first
objective of this project. It aims in controlling the calling features like accepting or
rejecting the calls depending upon the ring movement. When the mobile phone
receives a call the application also gets this information along with the other
applications. At this instance all other applications stops functioning while the smart
ring application starts functioning by enabling the Bluetooth connection between the
mobile phone and the smart ring.
Using this connection, the call details are transmitted to the smart ring serially.
The application is programmed depending on the data (flag from the Arduino code)
received from the smart ring. According to the movement of the ring the flag can be 1
or 0 and the corresponding flag is transmitted to the application it checks the flag, if it
is 1 the call is accepted otherwise it is rejected. The application can be also used for
getting message notifications. The text messages and WhatsApp messages
notifications can be viewed on the smart ring by serially sending the same in the
mobile phone by the application to the smart ring. A raspberry pi module is used for
controlling the power point presentation. This is based on the idea that provides a
person with the option to navigate through power point without standing at the system.
In this module, raspberry pi is attached to Arduino and accelerometer which
constantly measures the hand movement and reports it to the raspberry pi which

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perform the required task based on the hand movement. Some particular range of
values from the accelerometer is used for the same. By the movement of ring, giving
those ranges the information is transmitted to the raspberry pi instead of giving it to
the mobile application. Using this information the power point presentation can be
controlled using this programmed raspberry pi by changing the slides. To implement
this module python programming language is used. Since it already has on-board
Bluetooth there is no need for an external Bluetooth dongle.

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7. ADVANTAGES

The ring device allows you to be a King, by this I mean that it allows you to
control and connect with everything around you through gesture recognition. Its
connectivity is very strong which means it efficient and fast when it connects with
smart devices or appliances. It is small and light in weight which makes it comfortable
to wear it all the time. The ring device has an Always-Active Mode which allows you
to use the ring anytime you feel like using it. It also has a voice speech notification, a
GRS location system and allows you to send texts and make payments.

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8. DISADVANTAGES

The ring device can only connect to smart devices or appliances using Wi-Fi or
LAN which restricts its control to a limited number of places. The ring uses an app to
recognise gestures therefore if you don’t have the app and the compatible smart
devices the ring won’t function. The ring is not waterproof therefore it can be
damaged if it is in contact with water or during bad weather conditions. It is made of
zinc which can cause skin irritation, itchineness and rashes depending on how
sensitive your skin is to zinc. Its battery is made from lithium- polymer which is very
expensive to manufacture which becomes a disadvantage to the customers because it
leads to an increase in the price of the ring.

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9. CONCLUSION

Wearable technologies have evolved gradually in parallel with technological

advancements such as electronic chips, GPS systems, Wi-Fi systems, the internet,
computers, and sensors. The objective of the study is to point out how wearable
technologies will be a milestone both for daily life of people and the way of doing
businesses of the companies in the future. The smart ring is a type of wearable
electronic device with the capability to connect with smart phones and other smart
gadgets. The smart rings can interact with smart phones and enable users to check
notifications and operate applications through simple gesture control. Smart rings
have been gaining immense popularity in the recent years on account of factors such
as enhanced mobility, comfort, and functionality. With ease of connectivity and
accessibility, the demand for smart rings is expected to grow even further in the
following years. With the implementation of this smart ring, the chances of missing
calls can be eliminated. Presently the ring is not compact in size but in future it can be
transformed into a miniaturized version.

There exist different models of smart ring available in the market with different
features. By analyzing those smart rings as well as their features, so many other
features can be added to this smart ring. One possible future extension of this project
would be to add stereo cameras which can be used for so many other applications such
as to zoom the power point presentations, pictures etc. Another extension would be to
control (changing the songs) the music players in the same way as the power point
presentations are controlled. In addition to these improvements, adding more sensors
to increase the features would be interesting as future work.
Here, the smart ring is connected to smartphone using Bluetooth module. When the
Bluetooth module is turned on the date, time and battery percentage of smartphone is
displayed in the led display.

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Using this connection, the call details are transmitted to the smart ring serially.
Since single thread process is used there is a delay transmission. Flexion and
extension of hand are selected to begin and end the power point presentation
respectively. Radial deviation of hand is used for controlling the power point.

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10.REFERENCE

1. "Xenxo's S-Ring wants to replace your smartwatch and fitness

tracker". Wareable. 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
2. ^ "This NFC Ring Puts Wireless Transfer Tech On Your Finger So You Can
Fist-Bump Phones". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
3. ^ M., Joe (August 24, 2016). "The long-awaited NFC Ring will finally land on
your finger this December". Phone Arena. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
4. ^ Boden, Rian (August 24, 2016). "NFC Ring circles the globe". NFC World.
Retrieved November 21, 2016.
5. ^ Widder, Brandon (February 23, 2015). "Put a ring on it: 4 smart rings that
are more useful than getting you engaged". Digital Trends.
Retrieved November 21, 2016.
6. ^ Plummer, Libby (July 7, 2016). "Smart rings: The good, the bad and the ugly
in smart jewellery". Wearable.com. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
7. ^ "Smart Rings Seen as New Frontier for Cashless Payments". Bloomberg.
Retrieved 2021-11-11.
8. ^ "Motiv Ring | 24/7 Smart Ring | Fitness + Sleep Tracking | Online Security
Motiv Ring". Motiv. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
9. ^ "Learn how Oura ring works | Go inside | Oura Ring". Oura Ring.
Retrieved 2018-11-27.
10. ^ "Review:Oura Ring". WIRED. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
11. ^ "ORII | The Voice Powered Smart Ring | Hong Kong". ORII | The Voice
Powered Smart Ring | Hong Kong. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
12. ^ RINGLY. "Ringly Luxe - Smart Rings". RINGLY. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
13. ^ HUFFPOST. "This Ring Lets You Feel Your Spouse's Heartbeat In Real
Time". HUFFPOST. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
14. ^ TheTouch X. "HB Ring". TheTouch X. Retrieved 2021-11-10

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15. 1. Nisha D Wanjari, Shailaja C Patil (2-3 Dec., 2016), “Wearable devices”,
IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Communication
and Computer Technology (ICAECCT), Pune, India.
16. 2. Sonal Awasthi, Atul Joshi (26-27 Feb., 2015), “MEMS accelerometer based
system for motion analysis”, 2nd International Conference on Electronics and
Communication Systems (ICECS), Coimbatore, India.
17. 3. Mehran Roshandel, Aarti Munjal, Peyman Moghadam, Shahin Tajik, Hamed
Ketabdar, “Multi-sensor Based Gestures Recognition WIth A Smart Finger
Ring”, Part of Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series
(LNCS,),Springer, Volume 8511,
18. 4. Hamed Ketabdar, Kamer Ali, Yuksel (2010), “Smart ring: controlling call
alert functionality based on audio and movement analysis”, IUI, DOI: 10.1145
/1719970.1720049

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