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Interfacing DC Motor To 8051

This document discusses interfacing a DC motor to an 8051 microcontroller. It describes using an L293 motor driver IC between the microcontroller and motor to control the motor safely. Code examples are provided to control a bidirectional DC motor automatically changing direction every 1 second using an 8051, and with pushbutton control of direction using another 8051 code example. The L293 motor driver IC, its pinout, and code explanations are provided.

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Prospect Teaches Mathematics
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59 views4 pages

Interfacing DC Motor To 8051

This document discusses interfacing a DC motor to an 8051 microcontroller. It describes using an L293 motor driver IC between the microcontroller and motor to control the motor safely. Code examples are provided to control a bidirectional DC motor automatically changing direction every 1 second using an 8051, and with pushbutton control of direction using another 8051 code example. The L293 motor driver IC, its pinout, and code explanations are provided.

Uploaded by

Prospect Teaches Mathematics
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Interfacing DC motor to 8051

This article shows how to interface a DC motor to an 8051 microcontroller. Interfacing DC motor
to 8051 forms an essential part in designing embedded robotic projects. A well designed 8051-
DC motor system has essentially two parts. Firstly an 8051 with the required software to control
the motor and secondly a suitable driver circuit. Most of the DC motors have power
requirements well out of the reach of a microcontroller and more over the voltage spikes
produced while reversing the direction of rotation could easily damage the microcontroller. So it
is not wise to connect a DC motor directly to the microcontroller. The perfect solution is to use a
motor driver circuit in between the microcontroller and the DC motor.

L293 motor driver.


L293 is a dedicated quadruple half H bridge motor driver IC available in 16 pin package. To know
more about H bridge, check this link. H bridge motor driver circuit. L293 has a current capacity of
600mA/channel and has supply voltage range from 4.5 to 36V DC. They are fitted with internal
high speed clamp diodes for inductive spike protection. Other good features of L293 are high
noise immunity, internal ESD protection, thermal shutdown, separate input supply for each
channel etc. The pinout and truth table of an L293 motor driver is shown in the figure below.

L293 pinout and function diagram

Bi directional DC motor using 8051.


This project describes a bidirectional DC motor that changes its direction automatically after a
preset amount of time (around 1S). AT89S51 is the microcontroller used here and L293 forms
the motor driver. Circuit diagram is shown below.
Bi directional DC motor using 8051

In the circuit components R1, S1 and C3 forms a debouncing reset circuitry. C1, C2 and X1 are
related to the oscillator. Port pins P1.0 and P1.1 are connected to the corresponding input pins of
the L293 motor driver. The motor is connected across output pins 3 and 6 of the L293. The
software is so written that the logic combinations of P1.0 and P1.1 controls the direction of the
motor. Initially when power is switched ON, P1.0 will be high and P1.1 will be low. This condition
is maintained for a preset amount of time (around 1S) and for this time the motor will be running
in the clockwise direction (refer the function table of L293). Then the logic of P1.0 and P1.1 are
swapped and this condition is also maintained for the same duration . This makes the motor to
run in the anti clockwise direction for the same duration and the entire cycle is repeated.

Program.

ORG 00H // initial starting address


MAIN: MOV P1,#00000001B // motor runs clockwise
ACALL DELAY // calls the 1S DELAY
MOV P1,#00000010B // motor runs anti clockwise
ACALL DELAY // calls the 1S DELAY
SJMP MAIN // jumps to label MAIN for repaeting the cycle
DELAY: MOV R4,#0FH
WAIT1: MOV R3,#00H
WAIT2: MOV R2,#00H
WAIT3: DJNZ R2,WAIT3
DJNZ R3,WAIT2
DJNZ R4,WAIT1
RET
END
Bidirectional motor with pushbutton control.
The circuit shown below is of an 8051 based bi directional motor whose direction can be
controlled using 2 push button switches. The circuit is very similar to the previous one except for
the two push button switches . These pushbutton switches are interfaced to P0rt 3 of the
microcontroller. Resistors R2 and R3 are the pull down resistors for P3.0 and 3.1 respectively.

Push button controlled bi-directional DC motor


The code for the above project is so written that initially when power is switched ON, the motor
remains OFF. When push button switch S2 is pressed P1.0 goes high and P1.1 remains low.
The motor runs in the clockwise direction and this condition is maintained until S3 is pressed.
When push button switch S3 is pressed the logic of P1.0 and P1.1 toggles making the motor to
run in the opposite direction and this condition is maintained until the next press of S2.

Program.

ORG 00H // initiall starting address


MOV P3,#00000000B // initiates P3 as the pushbutton interface
MOV P1,#00000000B // clears P1 for keeping the motor OFF initially
MAIN:MOV A,P3 // moves the current state of P3 to Accumulator
CJNE A,#00000001B,LABEL1 // checks whether S2 is pressed
MOV P1,#00000001B // makes the motor run clockwise
LABEL1:CJNE A,#00000010B,LABEL2 // checks whether S3 is pressed
MOV P1,#00000010B // makes the motor to run anti clockwise
LABEL2:SJMP MAIN // jumps back to the MAIN loop
END
About the program.

Checking whether a particular push button is pressed is done using the CJNE (compare and
jump if not equal) instruction. In simple words the CJNE instuction compares two operands and
jump to a predefined LABEL if the operands are not equal. If the two operands are equal nothing
happens and the next instruction is executed. Whenever push button S2 is pressed the status of
P3 will be 00000001B .This status is moved to accumulator A and compared with 00000001B
using the CJNE instruction. Both operands are equal means S2 is pressed and the next
instruction (MOV P1,#00000001B) which makes the motor run clockwise is executed. If the
operands are not equal that means the S2 is not pressed and the controller jumps to LABEL1
which is to check the S3. To check S3, status of P3 is moved to A again and it is compared with
00000010B using the CJNE instruction. Both operands are equal means the S3 is pressed and
the next instruction (MOV P1,#00000010B) which makes the motor run anti clockwise is
executed. Both operands are not equal means S3 is not pressed and the controller goes to check
S2 again and this cycle is repeated.

Notes.
The maximum current capacity of L293 is 600mA/channel. So do not use a motor that consumes
more than that.

The supply voltage range of L293 is between 4.5 and 36V DC. So you can use a motor falling in
that range.

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