82 G. Eridani

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82 G.

Eridani
Coordinates: 04h 31m 11.52059s, +58° 58′ 37.4806″

82 G. Eridani (HD 20794, HR 1008, e


Eridani) is a star 19.7 light-years (6.0 parsecs)
82 G. Eridani
away from Earth in the constellation Eridanus. It
is a main-sequence star with a stellar
classification of G6 V, and it hosts a system of at
least three planets and a dust disk.

Observation
In the southern-sky catalog Uranometria
Argentina, 82 G. Eridani (often abbreviated to
82 Eridani)[11] is the 82nd star listed in the
constellation Eridanus.[12] The Argentina
catalog, compiled by the 19th-century
astronomer Benjamin Gould, is a southern
celestial hemisphere analog of the more famous
Flamsteed catalog, and uses a similar numbering
scheme. 82 G. Eridani, like other stars near the Location of 82 G. Eridani (circled)
Sun, has held on to its Gould designation, even
Observation data
while other more distant stars have not.
Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation Eridanus
Properties
Right ascension 03h 19m 55.651s[1]
This star is slightly smaller and less massive Declination −43° 04′ 11.22″[1]
than the Sun, making it marginally dimmer than Apparent magnitude (V) 4.254[2]
the Sun in terms of luminosity; it is about a third
more luminous than Tau Ceti or Alpha Centauri Characteristics
B. The projected equatorial rotation rate (v sin i) Spectral type G6 V[3]
is 4.0 km/s,[9] compared to 2 km/s for the Sun. U−B color index +0.22[4]
82 G. Eridani is a high-velocity star—it is B−V color index +0.71[4]
moving quickly compared to the average—and Astrometry
hence is probably a member of Population II,
generally older stars whose motions take them Radial velocity (Rv) 87.76 ± 0.13[1] km/s
well outside the plane of the Milky Way. Like Proper motion (μ) RA: 3035.017 mas/yr[1]
many other Population II stars, 82 G. Eridani is Dec.: 726.964 mas/yr[1]
somewhat metal-deficient (though much less
deficient than many), and is older than the Sun. Parallax (π) 165.5242 ± 0.0784 mas[1]
It has a relatively high orbital eccentricity of Distance 19.704 ± 0.009 ly
0.40 about the galaxy, ranging between 4.6 and (6.041 ± 0.003 pc)
10.8 kiloparsecs from the core. Estimates of the
Absolute magnitude (MV) 5.34[2]
age of this star ranged from 6 to 12 billion
years.[10][13] Details
This star is located in a region of low-density Mass 0.70[5] M☉
interstellar matter (ISM), so it is believed to have
Radius 0.92[6] R☉
a large astropause that subtends an angle of 6″
across the sky. Relative to the Sun, this star is Luminosity 0.74[7] L☉
moving at a space velocity of 101 km/s, with the Surface gravity (log g) 4.40[8] cgs
bow shock advancing at more than Mach 3
Temperature 5,401[8] K
through the ISM.[14]
Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.40[8] dex

Planetary system Rotation 33.19 ± 3.61 days[5]


Rotational velocity 4.0[9] km/s
An infrared excess was discovered around the (v sin i)
star by the Infrared Space Observatory at 60 Age 6.1[10]–12.7[2] Gyr
μm,[15] but was not later confirmed by the
Spitzer Space Telescope, in 2006. However, in Other designations
2012, a dust disk was found around the star,[16] e Eri, e Eridani, CD−43°1028, FK5 119,
by the Herschel Space Observatory. While not GJ 139, HD 20794, HIP 15510,
well-constrained, if assumed to have a similar
HR 1008, SAO 216263,
composition to 61 Virginis' dust disk, it has a
G 82 G. Eridani, 82 G. Eri, LHS 19,
semi-major axis of 19 AU.[17]
LTT 1583[4]
On August 17, 2011, European astronomers Database references
announced the discovery of three planets
SIMBAD The star (https://simbad.c
orbiting 82 G. Eridani. The mass range of these
ds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-i
planets classifies them as super-Earths; objects
with only a few times the Earth's mass. These d?Ident=LHS+19)
planets were discovered by precise planet b (https://simbad.c
measurements of the radial velocity of the star, ds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-i
with the planets revealing their presence by their d?Ident=GJ+139+b)
gravitational displacement of the star during
planet c (https://simbad.c
each orbit. None of the planets display a
significant orbital eccentricity. However, their ds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-i
orbital periods are all 90 days or less, indicating d?Ident=GJ+139+c)
that they are orbiting close to the host star. The planet d (https://simbad.c
equilibrium temperature for the most distant ds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-i
planet, based on an assumed Bond albedo of d?Ident=GJ+139+d)
0.3, would be about 388 K (115 °C);
significantly above the boiling point of water.[5] Exoplanet Archive data (https://exoplanetarc
hive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-
The number of planets in the system remains bin/DisplayOverview/nph-
uncertain. At the time of planet c's detection, it DisplayOverview?objnam
exerted the lowest gravitational perturbation. e=HD+20794)
There was also a similarity noted between its
ARICNS data (https://wwwadd.za
orbital period and the rotational period of the
star. For these reasons the discovery team were h.uni-heidelberg.de/daten
somewhat more cautious regarding the verity of banken/aricns/cnspages/
its candidate planet status than for the other 4c00297.htm)
two.[5] Continued observation of the star will be Extrasolar Planets data (http://exoplanet.eu/
required to determine the exact nature of the Encyclopaedia star.php?st=HD+20794)
planetary system.
Using the TERRA algorithm, developed by Guillem Anglada-Escudé and R. Paul Butler in 2012, to
describe better and filter out noise interference to extract more precise radial velocity measurements, a team
of scientists led by Fabo Feng, in 2017, provided evidence for up to three more planets. One such
candidate, of Neptune mass, 82 G. Eridani f, may orbit in the habitable zone of the star. The team also
believe that, using these noise reduction techniques, they are able to better quantify the descriptions for the
earlier 3 exoplanets, but only have weak evidence of 82 G. Eridani c.[18]

A study in 2023 could only confirm planets b & d, and did not significantly detect the other planet
candidates. In particular, the statistical significance of planet c would be expected to increase with
additional data; the fact that this has not happened casts doubt on its existence. The 40-day radial velocity
signal may instead be tied to the stellar rotation. The additional three candidates found in 2017 (e, f, g)
could not be confirmed or refuted.[19]: 23, 44 Another 2023 study also only confirmed b & d out of the
previous planet candidates (referring to them as b & c), but also detected a potential third planet farther from
the star than any of the previous candidates.[20]

The 82 Eridani (2017) planetary system[17][18]


Companion Semimajor Orbital
(in order from Mass axis period Eccentricity Inclination Radius
star) (AU) (days)

Hot dust ≲0.1 AU — —


+0.49 +0.01 +0.15
g (unconfirmed) ≥1.03 −0.30 M⊕ 0.095 ± 0.001 11.86 −0.02 0.20 −0.19 — —

+0.10 +0.01 +0.04


b ≥2.82 −0.80 M🜨 0.127 ± 0.001 18.33 −0.02 0.27 −0.22 — —

+0.52 +0.002 +0.12 +0.10


c (unconfirmed) ≥2.52 −0.83 M⊕ 0.225 −0.003 43.17 −0.10 0.17 −0.16 — —

+0.58 +0.37 +0.16


d ≥3.52 −1.01 M🜨 0.364 ± 0.004 88.90 −0.41 0.25 −0.21 — —

+0.96 +1.43 +0.14


e ≥4.77 −0.86 M🜨 0.509 ± 0.006 147.02 −0.91 0.29 −0.18 — —

+1.89
f (unconfirmed) ≥10.26 −1.47 0.875 ± 0.001
+5.08 +0.06
— —
331.41 −3.01 0.05 −0.05
M⊕

Dust disk ~19–~30 AU — —

The 82 Eridani (2023) planetary system[17][20]


Companion Semimajor axis Orbital period
Mass Eccentricity Inclination Radius
(in order from star) (AU) (days)

Hot dust ≲0.1 AU — —

≥2.0 ± 0.2 M🜨 +0.08


b 0.13 ± 0.01 18.32 ± 0.01 0.09 −0.06 — —

≥4.7 ± 0.4 M🜨 +0.09


c 0.37 ± 0.01 89.58 −0.10 0.13 ± 0.07 — —

+0.6 +9.9
d ≥6.6 −0.7 M🜨 1.36 ± 0.03 644.6 −7.7 0.40 ± 0.07 — —

Dust disk ~19–~30 AU — —

Planned observation missions


82 G. Eridani (GJ 139) was picked as a Tier 1 target star for NASA's proposed Space Interferometry
Mission (SIM) mission to search for terrestrial-sized or larger planets,[21] which was cancelled in 2010.

See also
Map analysis of the 1961 Zeta Reticuli Incident (a purported alien abduction)

References
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Archived from the original (http://tauceti.sfsu.edu/~chris/SIM/) on 2007-08-10. Retrieved
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External links
"82 Eridani" (http://www.solstation.com/stars/82erida2.htm). SolStation. Retrieved
2005-11-03.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=82_G._Eridani&oldid=1182485066"

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