BC Control Act

THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE
BUILDING CONTROL ACT
(CHAPTER 29)
(Original Enactment: Act 9 of 1989)
REVISED EDITION 1999
(30th December 1999)
Prepared and Published by

THE LAW REVISION COMMISSION
UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF
THE REVISED EDITION OF THE LAWS ACT (CHAPTER 275)
Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

1999 Ed.
CHAPTER 29
Building Control Act

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
PART I
PRELIMINARY
Section
1. Short title
2. Interpretation
3. Authorised officers
PART II
CONTROL OF BUILDING WORKS
Division 1 — Application
4. Application to building works
Division 2 — Building plan approvals and permits
5. Application for approval of plans of building works
5A. Deviations from approved building plans
5B. Lapsing or revocation of building plans approval
6. Permit to carry out structural works
6A. Modification or waiver of building regulations
Division 3 — Building works
7. Supervision of building works
7A. Tests of and in connection with building works
Division 4 — Duties of developers, qualified persons, site supervisors and builders
8. Duties of developers
9. Duties of qualified persons and specialists
10. Duties of site supervisors
11. Duties of builders
Division 5 — Building occupancy
12. Occupation of buildings

1999 Ed. Building Control CAP. 29 2
Division 6 — Accredited checkers
Section
13. Unlawful undertaking work as accredited checker, etc.
14. Register of accredited checkers, etc.
15. Who may be registered as accredited checker, etc., or accredited
checking organisation
16. Registration of accredited checkers, etc., or accredited checking
organisations
17. Cancellation, etc., of registration
18. Duties and independence of accredited checkers, etc., and
accredited checking organisations
Division 7 — Enforcement and administration
19. Demolition, etc., of unauthorised building works
20. Building offences
21. Pecuniary penalty
22. Appeals
PART III
RETROFITTING OF EXTERIOR FEATURES
22A. Application and interpretation of this Part
22B. Duty to retrofit exterior feature
22C. Retrofitting orders
PART IIIA
DISABILITY AND OTHER PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
BUILDINGS
22D. Interpretation of this Part
22E. Duty of building owner, etc., not to alter
22F. Appeal against notice to reinstate
PART IIIB
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY MEASURES FOR EXISTING
BUILDINGS
22FA. Interpretation of this Part
22FB. Submission of design score for building undergoing major
energy-use change
22FC. Deviation from approved design score
22FD. Lapsing or revocation of approval of design score

3 CAP. 29 Building Control 1999 Ed.
Section
22FE. Completion of major energy-use change and submission of as-
built score
22FF. Periodic audit of energy efficiency of building cooling system
22FG. Persons who may carry out energy audit
22FH. Duties of person carrying out energy audit
22FI. Cancellation or suspension of registration of energy auditor
22FJ. Power to obtain energy consumption and other information
PART IV
DANGEROUS BUILDINGS AND OCCURRENCES
22G. Interpretation of this Part
23. Dangerous building works
24. Dangerous buildings
24A. Dangerous slopes
25. Closure orders
25A. Investigations into dangerous occurrences
PART V
INSPECTION OF BUILDINGS
26. Interpretation of this Part
27. Application of this Part
28. Periodic inspection of buildings
29. Independence of structural engineers
PART VA
LICENSING OF BUILDERS
29A. Interpretation of this Part
29B. Prohibition against unlicensed builders
29C. Classes of builder’s licences
29D. Register of licensed builders
29E. Application for builder’s licence
29F. Who may be licensed as general builder
29G. Who may be licensed as specialist builder
29H. Conditions of builder’s licence relating to construction personnel
29I. Other conditions of builder’s licence
29J. Revocation of licences, etc.
29K. Appeal to Minister
29L. Power of Minister to make regulations

Section
29M. Savings and transitional provision
PART VI
MISCELLANEOUS
30. Exemption
31. Offences by bodies corporate, etc.
32. Protection from liability
33. Power to enter premises
34. Presumptions and defences
35. Occupier may execute work in default of owner
36. Proceedings if occupier opposes execution of works
37. Recovery of costs and expenses payable by owners
38. Recovery of costs and expenses by instalments
39. Power to vary interest rates
40. Liability of transferor of property in respect of expenses incurred
by Commissioner of Building Control
41. Property and materials seized or removed by Commissioner of
Building Control
42. Service of documents
42A. Inaccuracies in notices, etc.
43. Furnishing of information
43A. Furnishing documents false in a material particular
44. Powers of arrest
45. Evidence
46. Jurisdiction of Courts
47. General penalty
48. Composition of offences
49. Regulations
50. Adoption of codes and standards
51. Application of Act to Government
52. Presentation of order, notification and regulation to Parliament
53. Transitional provisions
The Schedule — [Repealed]
An Act to consolidate and amend and to make further provision

concerning the law relating to buildings, and for matters connected
therewith.
[1st May 1989]

PART I
PRELIMINARY
Short title
1. This Act may be cited as the Building Control Act.
Interpretation
2.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —
“accredited checker” means a person who is registered as an
accredited checker under section 16, whether acting on his
own behalf or on behalf of an accredited checking
organisation;
“accredited checking organisation” means an accredited
checking organisation registered as such under section 16;
[26/2000 wef 01/09/2001]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“amendment plans” means the plans showing any deviation

from, or any amendment or addition to, any plan of building
works approved by the Commissioner of Building Control
under section 5(3);
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“analyst” means an analyst approved by the Commissioner of

Building Control;
“builder” means any person who undertakes, whether
exclusively or in conjunction with any other business, to
carry out any building works for his own account or for or on
behalf of another person (referred to in this definition as A),
but does not include any person who contracts with a builder
for the execution by that person of the whole or any part of
any building works undertaken by the builder for or on behalf
of A under a contract entered into by the builder with A;
“builder’s licence” means a general builder’s licence or a
specialist builder’s licence granted under Part VA;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

“building” means any permanent or temporary building or
structure and includes —
(a) a hut, shed or roofed enclosure;
(b) an earth retaining or stabilising structure, whether
permanent or temporary;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(c) a dock, wharf or jetty;

[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(ca) a floating structure, not being a boat or vessel,

constructed or to be constructed on a flotation system
that —
(i) is or is to be supported by water;
(ii) is not intended for or useable in navigation; and
(iii) is or is to be permanently moored;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(d) a culvert, crossing, bridge, underpass or tunnel;

(e) a sewage treatment plant, sewer, drain, swimming pool
or any non-proprietary type of concrete tank for the
storage of any solid, liquid or gaseous product;
(f) a shelter provided under the Civil Defence Shelter Act
(Cap. 42A); and
(g) such other erection or structure (whether permanent or
temporary) as the Minister may, by order published in
the Gazette, declare to be a building;
“Building and Construction Authority” means the Building and
Construction Authority established under section 3 of the
Building and Construction Authority Act 1999 (Act 4 of
1999);
“building regulations” means any regulations made under
section 49;
“building works” means —
(a) the erection, extension or demolition of a building;
(b) the alteration, addition or repair of a building;

(c) the provision, extension or alteration of any air-

conditioning service or ventilating system in or in
connection with a building,
and includes site formation works connected with or carried
out for the purpose of paragraph (a), (b) or (c);
“certificate of statutory completion” means a certificate of
statutory completion issued under section 12;
“Commissioner of Building Control”, in relation to this Act or
any Part or provision of this Act, means any Commissioner of
Building Control appointed under section 3(1) to be
responsible for the operation of this Act or that Part or
provision, as the case may be;
“common property” has the same meaning as in the Building
Maintenance and Strata Management Act 2004;
[47/2004 wef 01/04/2005]
“competent authority” means the competent authority appointed

under section 5 of the Planning Act (Cap. 232) in respect of
the development of land;
“developer”, in relation to any building works, means the person
for whom or on whose behalf the building works are carried
out;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“earth retaining structure” means any structure, structural system

or other means used to maintain the shape of excavation
during construction, earth filling or cutting;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“exterior feature”, in relation to any building, means any of the

following features that is permanent and is installed on, forms
part of or projects outwards from the roof or exterior of the
building:
(a) any air-conditioning unit, including any window air-
conditioning unit and any condensing equipment of an
air-conditioning unit;
(b) any window, with or without movable parts;

(c) any grille or shutter, with or without movable parts;
(d) any tile, cladding, curtain wall, siding, plaster, bracket
or cornice;
(e) any gutter, rainwater down-pipe, or part of the roof;
(f) any awning or sun-shading device;
(g) such other feature that is permanent and is installed on,
forms part of or projects outwards from the roof or
exterior of any building as the Minister may, by
notification in the Gazette, declare to be an exterior
feature for the purposes of this Act;
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
“flat” has the same meaning as in the Land Titles (Strata) Act
(Cap. 158);
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
“general building works” means any building works other than

specialist building works;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“geotechnical aspects”, in relation to any geotechnical building

works, means —
(a) an analysis of the geological structure and earth
materials of the site of the geotechnical building
works and its influence on the geotechnical building
works;
(b) an analysis of the ground-water regime and its
influence on the wall stability and integrity of the
geotechnical building works over time; and
(c) such other applications of earth sciences to and
engineering aspects of the geotechnical building
works as may be prescribed;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
“geotechnical building works” means any of the following

building works:

(a) any excavation or other building works to make —

(i) a tunnel with a diameter, width or height of more
than 2 metres; or
(ii) a caisson, cofferdam, trench, ditch, shaft or well
with a depth of more than 6 metres;
(b) any building works for constructing, altering or
repairing any earth retaining structure in or for a
trench, ditch, shaft or well with a depth or height of
more than 6 metres;
(c) any earthworks or other building works for
constructing or stabilising a slope with a height of
more than 6 metres (measured as the vertical distance
between the highest level and lowest level of the slope);
(d) such type of foundation works as the Minister may
prescribe in the building regulations for buildings of 30
storeys or more;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
“geotechnical engineer” means a professional engineer who is

registered under the Professional Engineers Act (Cap. 253) as
a specialist professional engineer in the specialised branch of
geotechnical engineering;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“Housing and Development Board” means the Housing and

Development Board established under section 3 of the
Housing and Development Act (Cap. 129);
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
“immediate supervision”, in relation to any building works or

part thereof, means personally and directly exercising
oversight, control and inspection of the carrying out of the
building works or part thereof;
“insignificant building works” means such building works as are
prescribed under section 4(d);
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

“key structural elements” means the foundations, columns,
beams, shear cores, structural walls, struts, ground anchors
and such other parts of a building which are essential for its
support and overall structural stability;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“large building works” means such building works as are

prescribed for the purposes of section 7(1)(b);
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“limited common property” has the same meaning as in the

Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act 2004;
[47/2004 wef 01/04/2005]
“limited liability partnership” has the same meaning as in

section 2(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act
(Cap. 163A);
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“major building works” means building works other than minor

building works;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“minor building works” means building works (not being

geotechnical building works) that are prescribed in the
building regulations as building works the plans of which
do not require a certification from an accredited checker for
the purposes of section 5 or 5A;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
“occupier”, in relation to any building, means the person in

occupation of the building or having the charge, management
or control thereof, either on his own account or as agent of
another, but does not include any lodger within the building;
“owner” —
(a) in relation to any premises comprised in a strata title
plan under the Land Titles (Strata) Act (Cap. 158),
means —

(i) in relation to a lot, any person who is the

registered subsidiary proprietor of the lot under
that Act;
(ii) in relation to the common property, the
management corporation having control of the
common property, or the person receiving any
rent or charge for the maintenance and
management of that common property; and
(iii) in relation to any limited common property, the
subsidiary management corporation established
under the Building Maintenance and Strata
Management Act (Cap. 30C) having control of
the limited common property, or the person
receiving any rent or charge for the maintenance
and management of that limited common
property;
(b) in relation to any building in a housing estate of the
Housing and Development Board or any subdivided
building in a housing estate under the HUDC Housing
Estates Act (Cap. 131), means —
(i) in relation to a flat, any owner of the flat as
defined under the Housing and Development Act
(Cap. 129) or the HUDC Housing Estates Act, as
the case may be;
(ii) in relation to the common property of residential
and commercial property in any housing estate of
the Housing and Development Board, that
Board; and
(iii) in relation to the common property of any
subdivided building in any housing estate
under the HUDC Housing Estates Act, any
body corporate constituted under an order
made by the Minister under section 3 of that Act;

(c) in relation to any subdivided building other than a
subdivided building referred to in paragraph (a) or (b),
means —
(i) in relation to a lot, any person who is the
registered proprietor in the land-register under
the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157) of the fee simple,
estate in perpetuity or leasehold estate of that lot;
and
(ii) in relation to the common property, every person
who is a registered proprietor in the land-register
under the Land Titles Act (Cap. 157) of the fee
simple, estate in perpetuity or leasehold estate of
a lot in that building, or the person receiving any
rent or charge for the maintenance and
management of the common property;
(d) in relation to any premises which are not subdivided,
means any person who is the registered proprietor of
the fee simple, estate in perpetuity or leasehold estate of
those premises in the land-register under the Land
Titles Act; and
(e) where paragraphs (a) to (d) do not apply, means the
person for the time being receiving the rent of the
premises or building, whether on his own account or as
agent or trustee or as receiver, or who would receive the
same if the premises or building were let to a tenant,
and includes the person whose name is entered in the
Valuation List prepared under section 10 of the
Property Tax Act (Cap. 254) as the owner of the
premises or building, or a mortgagee in possession;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
“person responsible”, in relation to an exterior feature of a

building, means —
(a) the owner of the building which the exterior feature is
installed on, forms part of or projects outwards from,
unless otherwise provided by paragraph (b), (c) or (d);

(b) subject to paragraph (c), where the exterior feature is

part of —
(i) the common property of any housing estate of the
Housing and Development Board — either that
Board or the Town Council established under the
Town Councils Act (Cap. 329A) for that housing
estate, as the Minister shall designate for that
exterior feature; or
(ii) the common property or limited common
property of any other land (whether or not
comprised in a strata title plan) — the owner
thereof, unless otherwise provided by
paragraph (d);
(c) where the exterior feature is a window, grille or shutter
that is part of a flat —
(i) in the case of a flat in any housing estate of the
Housing and Development Board — the owner
of the flat as defined in the Housing and
Development Act (Cap. 129); or
(ii) in the case of any other flat — the owner of that
flat; or
(d) such other person as may be prescribed under
section 22C as the person responsible for the exterior
feature;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“plans”, in relation to any building works —

(a) includes drawings, details, diagrams, digital
representations generated from building information
modelling, structural details and calculations showing
or relating to the building works; and
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) if prepared in electronic form, includes the medium in

which the plans of building works have been stored;
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]

“premises” includes buildings, lands, easements and
hereditaments of any tenure;
“qualified person” means a person who is registered as —
(a) an architect under the Architects Act (Cap. 12) and has
in force a practising certificate issued under that Act; or
(b) a professional engineer under the Professional
Engineers Act (Cap. 253) and has in force a
practising certificate issued under that Act;
“repealed Act” means the Building Control Act (Cap. 29, 1985
Ed.) in force immediately before 1st May 1989;
“retrofit”, in relation to an exterior feature, means to modify or
re-install the exterior feature as if installing the exterior
feature for the first time;
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
“short-lived materials” means any building materials which are,

in the absence of special care, liable to rapid deterioration or
are otherwise unsuitable for use in the construction of
permanent buildings;
“site supervisor” means a person appointed (whether alone or as
a member of a team of site supervisors) under section 10 to be
a site supervisor in respect of any small-scale or large building
works;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“small-scale building works” means such building works as are

prescribed for the purposes of section 7(1)(c);
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“specialist accredited checker” means an accredited checker who

is registered under section 16 to undertake the work of an
accredited checker as regards the geotechnical aspects of any
geotechnical building works;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

“specialist builder” means any person who is licensed under

Part VA as a specialist builder;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“specialist building works” means the following types of

building works:
(a) piling works comprising installation and testing of pre-
cast reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete piles,
steel piles, bored cast-in-place reinforced concrete
piles, caissons and special pile types like micro-piles,
barrettes piles and composite piles, embedded retaining
wall piles like diaphragm walls, contiguous bored piles
or secant piles;
(b) ground support and stabilisation works, including
installation and testing of ground anchors, soil nails,
rock bolts, ground treatment like chemical grouting and
jet-grouting, reinforced-earth, shotcreting and tunnel
supports;
(c) site investigation work comprising field investigations,
exploratory drilling or boring, logging, sampling,
coring, in-situ plate-loading tests, pressure meter
tests, penetration tests, vane shear tests, probing tests,
permeability tests, geological mapping and
geophysical surveys, and installation and monitoring
of instruments measuring forces, deformation,
displacements, pore and earth pressures, and ground-
water levels;
(d) structural steelwork comprising —
(i) fabrication of structural elements;
(ii) erection work like site cutting, site welding and
site bolting; and
(iii) installation of steel supports for geotechnical
building works;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) pre-cast concrete work comprising fabrication of pre-

cast structural elements;

(f) in-situ post-tensioning work comprising setting out of
tendon profiles, laying of conduits, anchorages and
bursting reinforcement, pulling or stressing of cables,
pressure grouting of conduits; and
(g) such other building works as the Minister may, by order
published in the Gazette, declare to be specialist
building works;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“structural elements” means those parts or elements of a building

which resist forces and moments, and includes foundations,
beams, columns, shear cores, structural walls, struts, ground
anchors, slabs, trusses, staircases, load bearing walls and all
other elements designed to resist forces and moments but does
not include doors, windows and non-load bearing walls;
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“structural works” means works in relation to the structural

elements of the building works;
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
“temporary building” means —

(a) any building or structure constructed of short-lived
materials; or
(b) any other building or structure permitted to be used by
the competent authority or Commissioner of Building
Control for a period not exceeding 36 months, or such
other period as may be prescribed (if prescribed) in the
building regulations,
but does not include any bridge, any decking for a bridge, or
any earth retaining structure;
[47/2007 wef 01/10/2008]
“temporary occupation licence” means a temporary occupation

licence issued under section 8(1) of the repealed Act;
“temporary occupation permit” means a temporary occupation
permit granted under section 12(3);
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

“unauthorised”, in relation to a building or building works,

means any building erected, or any building works
commenced or carried out, in contravention of any
provision of this Act or the building regulations;
[Deleted by Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
“value”, in relation to any building works, means —
(a) for any geotechnical building works, the total cost to be
expended in carrying out those building works
estimated at the time of, and contained in, the
application under section 5 for approval of the plans
of those building works, including any goods and
services tax payable in relation to the supply of the
work; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) for any other building works, the total cost to be

expended in carrying out the building works (including
the foundations, basements, structural frame, finishes
and the installation of building services) estimated at
the time of, and contained in, the application under
section 5 for approval of the plans of the building
works, including any goods and services tax payable in
relation to the supply of the work;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
“ventilating system” means a mechanical system for introducing

or exhausting air.
[22/91; 23/91; 18/95; 12/97; 3/98; 4/99; 36/99]
(2) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference
to a building includes a reference to a part of a building.
(3) The Minister may, by notification published in the Gazette, vary
any of the following referred to in the definition of “geotechnical
building works” in subsection (1):
(a) the diameter, width or height of any tunnel;
(b) the depth of any caisson, cofferdam, trench, ditch, shaft or
well;

(c) the depth or height of any earth retaining structure in or for a
trench, ditch, shaft or well;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(ca) the height of any slope;

[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(d) the number of storeys in a building.

[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(4) Any reference in this Act to a person being an associate of a

developer or builder of building works shall be a reference to any of
the following persons:
(a) any partner of the developer or builder;
(b) any body corporate in which the developer or builder is a
substantial shareholder as defined in section 81 of the
Companies Act (Cap. 50);
(c) if the developer or builder is a body corporate —
(i) a person who is a substantial shareholder of that body
corporate as defined in section 81 of the Companies
Act; or
(ii) a director, secretary or similar executive officer of the
body corporate;
(d) any body corporate of which the developer or builder is a
director, secretary or similar executive officer;
(e) where the developer or builder is a trustee — a beneficiary or
an object of the discretionary trust;
(f) any employer or employee of the developer or builder.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(4A) For the purposes of subsection (4)(b) and (c)(i) —

(a) section 7(5) of the Companies Act (Cap. 50) shall not apply
with respect to the determination of whether a person is a
substantial shareholder as defined in section 81 of that Act;
and
(b) in applying section 7(4A) of the Companies Act to determine
whether a person is a substantial shareholder as defined in

section 81 of that Act, a person is an associate of another

person if the first-mentioned person is —
(i) a corporation that, by virtue of section 6 of that Act, is
deemed to be related to that other person;
(ii) a person in accordance with whose directions,
instructions or wishes that other person is
accustomed or is under an obligation whether formal
or informal to act in relation to the share referred to in
section 7(4) of that Act;
(iii) a person who is accustomed or is under an obligation
whether formal or informal to act in accordance with
the directions, instructions or wishes of that other
person in relation to that share;
(iv) a body corporate that is, or a majority of the directors
of which are, accustomed or under an obligation
whether formal or informal to act in accordance with
the directions, instructions or wishes of that other
person in relation to that share; or
(v) a body corporate in accordance with the directions,
instructions or wishes of which, or of a majority of the
directors of which, that other person is under an
obligation whether formal or informal to act in relation
to that share.
[Act 35 of 2014 wef 01/07/2015]
(5) Where —
(a) by or under any provision of this Act or any subsidiary
legislation made thereunder an act or thing is required or
directed to be done within a particular period or before a
particular time;
(b) failure to do that act or thing within the period or before the
time referred to in paragraph (a) constitutes an offence; and
(c) that act or thing is not done within the period or before the
time referred to in paragraph (a),

the obligation to do that act or thing shall continue, notwithstanding
that that period has expired or that time has passed, until that act or
thing is done; and if the failure to do that act or thing within the period
or before the time referred to in paragraph (a) is an offence, a person
shall be guilty of a separate offence in respect of each day (including
the day of a conviction for any such offence or any later day) or part
thereof during which the person continues to refuse or fail to comply
with that requirement or direction.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Authorised officers
3.—(1) The Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, appoint
such person or persons as he thinks fit to be the Commissioner of
Building Control responsible for the operation of this Act, either
generally or for any particular Part or provision of this Act or for any
particular regulations made under this Act, and may in the notification
specify the extent of and manner in which that responsibility is to be
exercised.
[4/99]
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may generally or

specially authorise, by name or office, any of the following persons
to exercise or carry out, subject to such conditions or limitations as the
Commissioner of Building Control may specify by directions, all or
any of the powers conferred or duties imposed on the Commissioner
of Building Control under this Act:
(a) any public officer;
(b) any officer of the Building and Construction Authority;
(c) any officer of such other public authority constituted by any
written law as the Minister may approve for this purpose.
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]
(3) Any person who is authorised under subsection (2) to exercise

any power or carry out any duty of the Commissioner of Building
Control under this Act shall —
(a) when exercising that power or carrying out that duty, comply
with the directions of the Commissioner of Building Control;

(b) be deemed to be a public servant for the purposes of the Penal

Code (Cap. 224); and
(c) if the person is an officer referred to in subsection (2)(b) or
(c), be deemed to be a public officer for the purposes of this
Act.
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]
PART II
CONTROL OF BUILDING WORKS
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Division 1 — Application
Application to building works
4. Except as otherwise expressly provided, this Part shall apply to all
building works except —
(a) building works for a temporary building or the occupation of
any such building;
(b) retrofitting of exterior features referred to in Part III;
(c) building works that are exempted under section 30, or are in
relation to a building that is so exempted; and
(d) building works that are prescribed in the building regulations
to be insignificant building works.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Division 2 — Building plan approvals and permits

Application for approval of plans of building works
5.—(1) An application for approval of the plans of any building
works shall be made to the Commissioner of Building Control by the
developer of those building works.
(2) An application for approval of the plans of any building works
shall be accompanied by —
(a) the application fee prescribed (if any);

(b) the names and particulars of —
(i) the appropriate qualified person whom the developer
or builder of the building works has appointed to
prepare the plans of those building works; and
(ii) where the building works comprise wholly or partly of
any geotechnical building works, the geotechnical
engineer whom the developer or builder of the
building works has appointed to prepare the plans
relating to the geotechnical aspects of those
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) the plans of the building works prepared in accordance with

the building regulations;
(d) in the case of major building works, a certificate from the
following accredited checkers:
(i) a certificate by an accredited checker stating that he
has checked the plans relating to those building works
and that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, the
plans so checked do not show any inadequacy in the
key structural elements of the building to be erected or
affected by those building works; and
any geotechnical building works, another certificate by
a specialist accredited checker (who may or may not be
the same accredited checker referred to in
sub‑paragraph (i)) stating that the specialist
accredited checker has checked the geotechnical
aspects of those geotechnical building works and
that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, there is no
inadequacy in the geotechnical aspects relating to
those geotechnical building works;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) the certificate (in the form prescribed) signed by the qualified
person appointed to prepare the plans of those building
works, certifying that he prepared those plans; and

(f) such other documents as may be prescribed in the building

regulations.
(3) Upon receiving an application under subsection (1) for the
approval of plans of any building works, the Commissioner of
Building Control shall consider the application and may —
(a) approve any one or more of the plans submitted to him, with
or without conditions;
(b) direct the developer (in writing) to comply with such
requirements as the Commissioner of Building Control
may specify for the purpose of ensuring that all or any of
the plans submitted to him comply with the provisions of this
Act and the building regulations and to re-submit those plans
for his approval, within such period as may be specified in
the direction; or
(c) disapprove any one or more of the plans submitted to him.
(4) If the direction given by the Commissioner of Building Control
under subsection (3)(b) is not complied with within the period
specified in that direction, or such further period as may be extended
by the Commissioner of Building Control, the application for
approval of those plans shall, at the end of that period, be deemed
to be disapproved by the Commissioner of Building Control.
(5) The Commissioner of Building Control may, without checking
the plans and design calculations of any building works, approve
those plans on the basis of —
(a) where the plans relate to any major building works or
geotechnical building works, the certificate of an accredited
checker or specialist accredited checker or both, as the case
may be, certifying that —
(i) the accredited checker has checked the plans relating
to the major building works and that, to the best of his
knowledge and belief, the plans so checked do not
show any inadequacy in the key structural elements of
the building to be erected or affected by those major
building works; and

any geotechnical building works, the specialist
accredited checker has checked the geotechnical
aspects of the geotechnical building works and that,
to the best of his knowledge and belief, there is no
inadequacy in the geotechnical aspects relating to
those geotechnical building works; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) in any other case, the certificate (in the form prescribed)
signed by the qualified person appointed to prepare the plans
of those building works, certifying that he prepared those
plans.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), the Commissioner of Building
Control may, in his discretion, carry out random checks on any of the
detailed structural plans, design calculations or geotechnical aspects
of any building works before approving those plans under that
subsection.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Deviations from approved building plans

5A.—(1) Where the plans of any building works or proposed
building works have been approved by the Commissioner of Building
Control under section 5(3)(a) and the developer of the building works
intends to depart or deviate from the plans approved, the developer
shall apply to the Commissioner of Building Control for his approval
of the amended plans showing the proposed departure or deviation.
(2) An application under subsection (1) shall be accompanied by —
(a) the amended plans of the building works prepared in
accordance with the building regulations by the
appropriate qualified person referred to in section 5(2)(b)(i)
or (ii) or both, as the case may be;
(b) in the case of major building works, a certificate from the
following accredited checkers:
(i) a certificate by an accredited checker stating that he
has checked the amended plans relating to those
building works and that, to the best of his knowledge

and belief, the amended plans so checked do not show

any inadequacy in the key structural elements of the
building to be erected or affected by those building
works; and
any geotechnical building works, a certificate by a
specialist accredited checker (who may or may not be
the same accredited checker referred to in
sub‑paragraph (i)) stating that the specialist
accredited checker has checked the amended
geotechnical aspects of the geotechnical building
works and that, to the best of his knowledge and
belief, there is no inadequacy in the geotechnical
aspects relating to those geotechnical building works;
and
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) the certificate (in the form prescribed) signed by the qualified
person appointed to prepare the amended plans of those
building works, certifying that he prepared those amended
plans.
(3) The first approval granted under section 5 of any plans of
building works shall end and be superseded to the extent that the
amended plans relating to those same building works are approved
under this section (whether or not the approval also relates to other
building works).
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Lapsing or revocation of building plans approval

5B.—(1) Any approval granted under section 5 or 5A in respect of
any building works shall automatically lapse —
(a) when any written permission referred to in section 12 of the
Planning Act (Cap. 232) that has been granted in respect of
any development of land involving the building works lapses
pursuant to section 20 of that Act;

(b) if no such written permission has been granted in respect of
those building works, at the end of a continuous period of
6 months during which the building works are suspended; or
(c) if the building works do not start within the period prescribed
in the building regulations.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may, at any time, revoke
any approval granted in respect of any building works under section 5
or 5A if he is satisfied that any information given in the application for
approval or any document submitted to the Commissioner of Building
Control in connection with the application for approval is false in a
material particular.
(3) Where the Commissioner of Building Control has under
subsection (2) revoked any approval granted under section 5 or 5A
in respect of any plans of building works, any permit, certificate of
statutory completion and temporary occupation permit granted in
respect of those building works shall also automatically lapse.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Permit to carry out structural works

6.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, an application for a
permit to carry out structural works in any building works may be
made at any time to the Commissioner of Building Control by —
(a) the developer of those building works;
(b) the builder whom the developer has appointed in respect of
those building works; and
(c) the qualified person whom the developer or builder has
appointed under section 8 or 11 to supervise those building
works.
(2) An application for a permit to carry out structural works in any
building works shall be accompanied by —
(a) a notification, signed by the developer of the building works,
stating the date on which those building works are to start;

(b) the names and particulars of —

(i) the qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11 to
supervise the carrying out of those building works; and
any geotechnical building works, the geotechnical
engineer who is appointed under section 8 or 11 to
supervise the geotechnical aspects of those
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) the following documents signed by the builder:

(i) an acceptance of his appointment in respect of the
structural works; and
(ii) an undertaking of responsibility for strict compliance
with the provisions of this Act and the building
regulations;
(d) the following documents signed by the qualified person or
persons referred to in paragraph (b):
(i) a confirmation of his appointment in respect of the
building works; and
(ii) a notice of the names and particulars of the site
supervisor, or all members of the team of site
supervisors, he has appointed in respect of the
structural works in accordance with section 10(1) or
(2); and
(e) such other documents as the Commissioner of Building
Control may require.
(3) The Commissioner of Building Control may, on an application
made under subsection (1), grant a permit to carry out structural works
in any building works jointly to —
those building works; and

works,
subject to such terms and conditions as he thinks fit to impose.
(4) The Commissioner of Building Control may revoke a permit to
carry out any structural works if the structural works, if started, are
suspended for a continuous period of more than 3 months.
(5) Any permit to carry out structural works in any building works
granted under this section shall not be transferable, and shall
automatically lapse if any of the following permit holders ceases to be:
those building works; or
works.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Modification or waiver of building regulations

6A.—(1) The Commissioner of Building Control may, on receipt of
an application in relation to any particular building works,
advertisements, signboards or skysigns, modify or waive, subject to
such terms and conditions as he may impose, any of the requirements
of the building regulations.
(2) Every application under subsection (1) shall —
(a) be made to the Commissioner of Building Control by or on
behalf of the developer of the building works,
advertisements, signboards or skysigns;
(b) be in such form as may be required by the Commissioner of
Building Control;
(c) state the nature and extent of and the reasons for the proposed
modification or waiver of those requirements; and

(d) be accompanied by such plans and other particulars as may

be prescribed in the building regulations.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Division 3 — Building works

Supervision of building works
7.—(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Act or the building
regulations —
(a) all building works shall be carried out under the supervision
of an appropriate qualified person;
(b) the structural elements of all such building works as are
prescribed in the building regulations (referred to in this Act
as large building works) shall be carried out under the full-
time supervision of a site supervisor, or a team of site
supervisors, working under an appropriate qualified person’s
control and direction; and
(c) concreting, piling, pre-stressing, tightening of high-friction
grip bolts, the construction of earth retaining and stabilising
structures, or other critical structural works of all such
building works as are prescribed in the building regulations
(referred to in this Act as small-scale building works) shall be
carried out under the immediate supervision of —
(i) an appropriate qualified person; or
(ii) a site supervisor, or a team of site supervisors, working
under an appropriate qualified person’s control and
direction.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this Act or the building

regulations, no person shall commence or carry out the
geotechnical aspects of any geotechnical building works except —
(a) under the supervision of the qualified person appointed
under section 8(1)(d)(ii) or 11(1)(d)(ii) or (iii)(B); or
(b) under the full-time supervision of a site supervisor or a team
of site supervisors appointed under section 10 by the

qualified person in paragraph (a) and working under his
control and direction.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(3) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty
of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —
(a) to a fine not exceeding $200,000 or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 2 years or to both; and
(b) in respect of a continuing contravention, to an additional fine
not exceeding $1,000 for each day or part thereof the
contravention continues,
and if the contravention continues after the conviction, the person
shall be guilty of a further offence and shall be liable on conviction of
this further offence to a further fine not exceeding $2,000 for every
day or part thereof during which the contravention continues after
conviction.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Tests of and in connection with building works

7A.—(1) Subject to subsection (3), the qualified person appointed
to supervise the carrying out of any building works shall carry out or
cause to be carried out such tests of or in connection with the building
works as may be prescribed in the building regulations or required by
the Commissioner of Building Control.
(2) Any tests prescribed, or required to be carried out, under
subsection (1) shall be carried out in such manner and at such places
and times as may be prescribed in the building regulations.
in relation to any particular building works, give a direction waiving
the operation of subsection (1) in relation to those building works if he
is satisfied that the operation of that subsection in relation to that
particular case would be unreasonable.
(4) An application under subsection (3) shall be accompanied by
such particulars as may be prescribed in the building regulations.
(5) If a qualified person fails to comply with subsection (1), the
Commissioner of Building Control may, by order in writing served on

the qualified person, every site supervisor, and the builder and
specialist builder (if any) of the building works and the developer,
require the building works to cease until the order is withdrawn.
(6) Without prejudice to the right of the Commissioner of Building
Control to exercise his power under subsection (5), any qualified
person who fails to comply with any requirement under subsection (1)
shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —
(a) to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding 12 months or to both; and
qualified person fails to comply with the requirement,
and if the failure to comply continues after the conviction, the
qualified person shall be guilty of a further offence and shall be liable
on conviction of this further offence to a further fine not exceeding
$2,000 for every day or part thereof during which the failure to
comply continues after conviction.
(7) If any person on whom an order made under subsection (5) is
served fails to comply with the order, he shall be guilty of an offence
and shall be liable on conviction —
not exceeding $500 for each day or part thereof the person
fails to comply with the requirement,
and if the failure to comply continues after the conviction, the person
day or part thereof during which the failure to comply continues after
conviction.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

Division 4 — Duties of developers, qualified persons, site supervisors
and builders
Duties of developers
8.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every developer of
building works shall appoint —
(a) an appropriate qualified person to prepare the plans of the
building works in accordance with this Act if no such person
is appointed by the builder in paragraph (c);
(b) an appropriate qualified person to supervise the carrying out
of those building works if no such person is appointed by the
builder in paragraph (c);
(c) a builder to carry out those building works;
(d) where the building works comprise wholly or partly of any
geotechnical building works and if the builder in
paragraph (c) does not appoint any of the following:
(i) a qualified person who is a geotechnical engineer to
prepare the plans relating to the geotechnical aspects of
the building works, who may or may not be the same
qualified person referred to in paragraph (a); and
(ii) a qualified person who is a geotechnical engineer to
supervise the geotechnical aspects of those building
works, who may or may not be the same qualified
person referred to in paragraph (b);
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) in respect of the detailed structural plans and design

calculations of major building works —
(i) an accredited checker who is either a director, partner,
member or an employee of an accredited checking
organisation, if the value of the building works
exceeds the prescribed limit in the building
regulations; or
(ii) an accredited checker (whether or not a director,
partner, member or an employee of an accredited
checking organisation), if the value of the building

works does not exceed the prescribed limit referred to

in sub‑paragraph (i); and
(f) where the building works comprise wholly or partly of any
geotechnical building works —
(i) a specialist accredited checker in respect of the
geotechnical aspects of those building works; and
(ii) in addition to appointing a builder under paragraph (c),
a specialist builder to monitor instruments measuring
pore pressures for saturated and unsaturated levels,
ground-water levels, ground movements or building
movements and to measure forces, deformations or
displacements.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2) If any qualified person, builder, specialist builder, accredited

checker or specialist accredited checker appointed under
subsection (1) in respect of building works becomes unwilling to
act or unable, whether by reason of the termination of his appointment
or for any other reason, to carry out his respective duties under this
Act, the developer shall —
(a) without delay appoint under subsection (1) another qualified
person, builder, specialist builder, accredited checker or
specialist accredited checker, as the case may be, in his place;
and
(b) within 7 days thereafter, notify the Commissioner of
Building Control of that substitute appointment.
(3) The developer of any building works shall notify the
Commissioner of Building Control of any contravention of this Act
or the building regulations relating to those building works of which
the developer knows or ought reasonably to know.
(4) Any developer of building works who, without reasonable
excuse, fails to comply with subsection (2)(b) shall be guilty of an
offence.
(5) Any developer who contravenes subsection (3) shall be guilty of
an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding

$20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to
both.
(6) It shall be a defence in any prosecution for a contravention of
subsection (3) for the person charged to prove to the satisfaction of the
court that he did not know and could not reasonably have discovered
the contravention referred to in the charge.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Duties of qualified persons and specialists

9.—(1) Every qualified person who is appointed under section 8 or
11 to prepare the plans of any building works shall —
(a) take all reasonable steps and exercise due diligence to ensure
that the building works are designed in accordance with —
(i) the provisions of this Act; and
(ii) subject to section 6A, the requirements prescribed in
the building regulations;
(b) notify the Commissioner of Building Control of any
contravention of this Act or the building regulations in
relation to those building works of which the qualified
person knows or ought reasonably to know; and
(c) supply a copy of every plan of the building works approved
by the Commissioner of Building Control to —
(i) the site supervisor or the team of site supervisors, as
the case may be, appointed under section 10;
(ii) the builder of those building works; and
(iii) the qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11 to
supervise those building works.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/04/2014]
(2) For the purpose of subsection (1)(a) —

(a) the plans of any building works that are prepared in
accordance with the acceptable solutions as set out in the
Approved Document issued by the Commissioner of
Building Control in respect of such building works shall
be deemed to comply with the objectives and performance

requirements that are prescribed by the building regulations

in respect of such building works; and
(b) where the qualified person appointed to prepare the plans of
any building works intends to utilise any alternative solution
(that is to say, a solution that entails the use of any design,
material or construction method that differs completely or
partially from those in the acceptable solution), he shall —
(i) take all reasonable steps and exercise due diligence to
ensure that the alternative solution satisfies the
objectives and performance requirements that are
prescribed by the building regulations in respect of
such building works; or
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]
(ii) obtain the certification of another person who has such

requisite specialist knowledge or qualification in the
application of the alternative solution as the
Commissioner of Building Control may approve
(referred to in this section as a specialist in the
alternative solution), that the alternative solution
satisfies the objectives and performance
requirements prescribed by the building regulations
in respect of such building works.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/04/2014]
(3) No specialist in the alternative solution shall issue any

certification for the purposes of subsection (2)(b)(ii) unless he has
taken all reasonable steps and exercised due diligence to ensure that
the alternative solution in respect of which his certification is being
sought satisfies the objectives and performance requirements that are
prescribed by the building regulations in respect of the building works
for which the alternative solution is to be applied.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/04/2014]
(4) Every qualified person who is appointed under section 8 or 11 to

supervise the carrying out of any building works, or the geotechnical
aspects of any geotechnical building works, shall —
(a) take all reasonable steps and exercise due diligence in
supervising and inspecting the building works or
geotechnical building works, as the case may be, to ensure

that those building works are being carried out in accordance
with —
(i) the provisions of this Act;
(ii) subject to section 6A, the building regulations;
(iii) the relevant plans approved by the Commissioner of
Building Control; and
(iv) any terms and conditions imposed by the
Commissioner of Building Control;
(b) in the absence of a site supervisor, take all reasonable steps
and exercise due diligence in giving immediate supervision
to the carrying out of concreting, piling, pre-stressing,
tightening of high-friction grip bolts or other critical
structural works of the building works to ensure that such
critical structural works of the building works are being
carried out in accordance with —
(c) notify the Commissioner of Building Control of any
contravention of this Act or the building regulations in
relation to those building works of which the qualified
person knows or ought reasonably to know;
(d) keep and maintain at the premises on which building works
are carried out such documents, books and records as may be
prescribed in the building regulations;
(e) submit to the Commissioner of Building Control at the
prescribed times such reports and certificates as may be
prescribed in the building regulations; and

(f) notify the Commissioner of Building Control if the building

works have been suspended for a period of more than
3 months.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(5) If any qualified person who is appointed under section 8 or 11 —

(a) to prepare the plans of any building works; or
(b) to supervise the carrying out of any building works, or the
geotechnical aspects of any geotechnical building works,
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
becomes unwilling or unable, whether by reason of the termination of

his appointment or for any other reason, to carry out his duties under
this Act, the qualified person shall, within 14 days of his ceasing to
carry out his duties, notify the Commissioner of Building Control and
the builder of those building works of that fact.
(6) If any site supervisor appointed under section 10 in respect of
any building works becomes unwilling or unable, whether by reason
of the termination of his appointment or for any other reason, to carry
out his duties under section 10(5), the qualified person appointed
under section 8 or 11 to supervise the carrying out of the building
works shall —
(a) appoint another site supervisor in his place; and
(7) A qualified person who is appointed under section 8 or 11 to
supervise the carrying out of any building works, or the geotechnical
aspects of any geotechnical building works, shall not supervise —
(a) any works relating to the structural elements of any major
building works; or
(b) the geotechnical aspects of the geotechnical building works,
if he, or any nominee of his, is a partner, an officer or an employee
of —
(i) the developer of those building works;
(ii) the builder of those building works; or

(iii) an associate of the developer or builder referred to in
paragraph (i) or (ii).
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(8) If any qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11 to

prepare the plans of any building works contravenes subsection (1)(a)
or 2(b), he shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction —
and if the contravention continues after the conviction, the qualified
person shall be guilty of a further offence and shall be liable on
conviction of this further offence to a further fine not exceeding
$2,000 for every day or part thereof during which the contravention
continues after conviction.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/04/2014]
(8A) If any specialist in the alternative solution referred to in

subsection (2)(b)(ii) contravenes subsection (3), he shall be guilty of
an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
$200,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to
both.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/04/2014]
(9) If any qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11

contravenes subsection (4)(a) or (b), he shall be guilty of an
offence and shall be liable on conviction —

(10) If —
(a) any qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11 to
prepare the plans of any building works contravenes
subsection (1)(b); or
(b) any qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11
contravenes subsection (4)(c), (d) or (e) or (7),
the qualified person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction —
(i) to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term
(ii) in respect of a continuing contravention, to an additional fine
qualified person contravenes subsection (1)(b) or (4)(c), (d)
or (e), as the case may be,
(11) If —
(a) any qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11 to
prepare the plans of any building works contravenes
subsection (5); or
(b) any qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11
contravenes subsection (4)(f) or (5),
the qualified person shall be guilty of an offence.
subsection (1)(b) or (4)(c) for the person charged to prove to the
satisfaction of the court that he did not know and could not reasonably
have discovered the contravention referred to in the charge.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

Duties of site supervisors
10.—(1) The appropriate qualified person appointed under section 8
or 11 to supervise the carrying out of any large building works shall
appoint the following site supervisors in respect of the structural
elements of the large building works:
(a) a team of site supervisors comprising not less than such
number of persons as may be prescribed in relation to the
value of those large building works; or
(b) at least one site supervisor, in any other case.
(2) The appropriate qualified person appointed under section 8 or 11
to supervise the carrying out of any small-scale building works shall
appoint at least one site supervisor, in respect of the critical structural
elements of the small-scale building works.
(3) No person shall be appointed under this section as a site
supervisor in respect of any building works for the purposes of this
Act unless —
(a) he possesses the initial practical experience and
qualifications prescribed; and
(b) he remains accredited with the Building and Construction
Authority or a prescribed organisation.
(4) No site supervisor shall supervise any structural works of any
major building works if he, or any nominee of his, is a partner, an
officer or an employee of —
(a) the developer or builder of those building works; or
(b) any associate of the developer or builder of those building
works.
(5) Every site supervisor appointed under this section in respect of
any building works shall take all reasonable steps and exercise due
diligence in giving —
(a) in the case of large building works — full-time supervision to
the carrying out of the structural elements of the building
works; and

(b) in the case of small-scale building works — immediate

supervision to the carrying out of the critical structural
elements of the building works,
to ensure that the structural elements or critical structural elements, as
the case may be, of the building works in question are carried out in
accordance with the plans of the building works supplied to him in
accordance with section 9(1)(c) by a qualified person, and with any
terms and conditions imposed by the Commissioner of Building
Control.
(6) If a site supervisor appointed in respect of any building works
subsection (5), the site supervisor shall, within 7 days of his ceasing to
carry out such duties, notify the Commissioner of Building Control of
that fact.
(7) Any site supervisor who contravenes subsection (4) shall be
guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not
exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding
2 years or to both.
(8) Any site supervisor who contravenes subsection (5) shall be
guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —
not exceeding $1,000 for each day or part thereof the site
supervisor fails to comply with the requirement,
and if the contravention continues after the conviction, the site
supervisor shall be guilty of a further offence and shall be liable on
(9) Any site supervisor or qualified person who, without reasonable
excuse, contravenes subsection (6) shall be guilty of an offence.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

Duties of builders
11.—(1) A builder undertaking any building works shall —
(a) ensure that the building works are carried out in accordance
with —
Building Control and supplied to him by a qualified
person under section 9(1)(c); and
Commissioner of Building Control in accordance
with the provisions of this Act and, subject to
section 6A, the building regulations;
contravention of this Act or the building regulations
relating to those building works of which the builder
knows or ought reasonably to know;
(c) keep at the premises on which the building works are carried
out, and make available on request (at a reasonable time) by
any specialist builder appointed in respect of specialist
building works comprised in those same building works, all
plans of those building works approved by the
Commissioner of Building Control and supplied to him by
a qualified person under section 9(1)(c);
(d) where no such qualified person has been appointed by the
developer in respect of those building works, appoint —
(i) an appropriate qualified person to prepare the plans of
the building works;
(ii) an appropriate qualified person to supervise the
carrying out of those building works; and
(iii) where the building works comprise wholly or partly of
any geotechnical building works —

(A) a geotechnical engineer (who may or may not be

the same person referred to in sub‑paragraph (i))
to prepare the plans relating to the geotechnical
aspects of the geotechnical building works; and
(B) a geotechnical engineer (who may or may not be
the same person referred to in sub‑paragraph (ii))
to supervise the geotechnical aspects of the
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) have an adequate number of construction supervisors

working under his direction to assist the builder to ensure
that paragraph (a) is complied with;
(f) within 7 days of the completion of the building works, certify
that the new building has been erected or the building works
have been carried out in accordance with the provisions of
this Act and, subject to section 6A, the building regulations
and deliver that certificate to the Commissioner of Building
Control;
(g) notify the Commissioner of Building Control of the
appointment and termination of appointment of any
specialist builder appointed by the builder in respect of
specialist building works comprised in those same building
works; and
(h) comply with such other duties as may be prescribed in the
building regulations.
(2) A specialist builder undertaking any specialist building works
shall —
(a) ensure that the specialist building works are carried out in
accordance with —

Commissioner of Building Control in accordance
with the provisions of this Act and, subject to
section 6A, the building regulations;
contravention of this Act or the building regulations
relating to those specialist building works, being a
contravention which the specialist builder knows or ought
reasonably to know; and
(c) comply with such other duties as may be prescribed in the
(3) Without prejudice to subsection (2), a specialist builder who is
appointed by the developer under section 8(1)(f)(ii) in respect of any
building works shall not carry out any work monitoring instruments
measuring pore pressures for saturated and unsaturated levels,
ground-water levels, ground movements or building movements
and to measure forces, deformations or displacements in connection
with those building works if he, or any nominee of his, is a partner, an
officer or an employee of —
(a) the developer or builder of those building works; or
(b) any associate of the developer or builder of those building
works.
(4) If any builder or specialist builder appointed under this section or
section 8 in respect of building works becomes unwilling to act or
unable, whether by reason of the termination of his appointment or for
any other reason, to carry out his duties under subsection (1) or (2), the
builder or specialist builder, as the case may be, shall, within 14 days
of his ceasing to carry out his duties, notify the Commissioner of
Building Control of that fact.
(5) If any qualified person who is appointed under section 8 or this
section —
(a) to prepare the plans of any building works; or
(b) to supervise any building works,


this Act, the builder and specialist builder of those building works
shall cease or shall not commence carrying out the building works
until the developer or the builder appoints another appropriate
qualified person in respect of those building works.
(6) Any builder or specialist builder who contravenes
subsection (1)(a), (2)(a) or (3) shall be guilty of an offence and
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $200,000 or to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.
(7) If —
(a) a builder contravenes subsection (1)(b) or (c); or
(b) a specialist builder contravenes subsection (2)(b),
the builder or specialist builder, as the case may be, shall be guilty of
an offence and shall be liable on conviction —
not exceeding $1,000 for each day or part thereof the builder
or specialist builder contravenes subsection (1)(b) or (c) or
(2)(b),
and if the contravention continues after the conviction, the builder or
specialist builder, as the case may be, shall be guilty of a further
offence and shall be liable on conviction of this further offence to a
further fine not exceeding $2,000 for every day or part thereof during
which the contravention continues after conviction.
subsection (1)(b) or (2)(b) for the builder or specialist builder charged
to prove to the satisfaction of the court that he did not know nor could
reasonably have discovered the contravention or non-compliance
referred to in the charge.
(9) If —
(a) a builder, without reasonable excuse, contravenes
subsection (1)(d), (e), (f), (g) or (h) or (4); or

(b) a specialist builder, without reasonable excuse, contravenes
subsection (2)(c) or (4),
the builder or specialist builder, as the case may be, shall be guilty of
an offence.
(10) Any builder or specialist builder who contravenes
subsection (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction —
and if the contravention continues after the conviction, the builder or
specialist builder, as the case may be, shall be guilty of a further
offence and shall be liable on conviction of this further offence to a
further fine not exceeding $2,000 for every day or part thereof during
which the contravention continues after conviction.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Division 5 — Building occupancy

Occupation of buildings
12.—(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, no person shall
occupy, or permit or cause to be occupied, any building where any
building works have been carried out unless the Commissioner of
Building Control has issued a certificate of statutory completion in
respect of that building.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 28/10/2013]
(1A) An application for a certificate of statutory completion in

respect of any building shall be made to the Commissioner of
Building Control in the prescribed manner and accompanied by such
certificates or written approvals required to be obtained in respect of
the building as may be prescribed.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 28/10/2013]

(2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall prohibit —

(a) the occupation by any person of any building for the sole
purpose of preventing any damage to the building or any
theft of any property therein; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 28/10/2013]
(b) the occupation by any person of any building in respect of

which a temporary occupation permit has been granted.
(2A) An application for a temporary occupation permit in respect of
any building shall be made to the Commissioner of Building Control
in the prescribed manner and accompanied by such certificates or
written approvals required to be obtained in respect of the building as
may be prescribed.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 28/10/2013]

in the prescribed manner in relation to any building, grant a temporary
occupation permit in respect of the building subject to such written
directions as the Commissioner of Building Control may specify and,
in particular, those written directions may —
(a) limit the period for which the temporary occupation permit is
granted;
(b) require such work or alteration to the building to be carried
out as may be specified to the satisfaction of the
Commissioner of Building Control; and
(c) provide for the completion of the work or alteration before
the expiration of a specified period.
(4) A temporary occupation permit shall only be prima facie
evidence that a building is suitable for occupation and is and shall
not be taken to be evidence of compliance with the provisions of this
Act, the building regulations or any other written law.
(5) The Commissioner of Building Control may amend, suspend or,
in the event of failure to comply with any written direction issued
under subsection (3), revoke any temporary occupation permit.
(6) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or fails to comply
with any written direction issued under subsection (3) shall be guilty
of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —

(b) in respect of a continuing contravention or failure to comply,
to an additional fine not exceeding $1,000 for each day or
part thereof the contravention or failure to comply continues,
and if the contravention or failure to comply continues after the
conviction, the person shall be guilty of a further offence and shall be
liable on conviction of this further offence to a further fine not
exceeding $2,000 for every day or part thereof during which the
contravention or failure to comply continues after conviction.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Division 6 — Accredited checkers

Unlawful undertaking work as accredited checker, etc.
13.—(1) Any person who —
(a) undertakes work which is required by this Act or the building
regulations to be performed by an accredited checker when
he is not an accredited checker under this Division or when
his registration as such is suspended; or
(b) undertakes work which is required by this Act or the building
regulations to be performed by a specialist accredited
checker when he is not a specialist accredited checker
under this Division or when his registration as such is
suspended,
shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) Any person who undertakes any work on behalf of an
organisation, being work which is required by this Act or the
building regulations to be undertaken by an accredited checker who is
either a director, partner, member or an employee of an accredited
checking organisation when —
(a) it is not registered as an accredited checking organisation
under this Division; or
(b) its registration as such is suspended,
shall be guilty of an offence.

(3) If —
(a) an accredited checker undertakes work on his own behalf as
an accredited checker in relation to building works the value
of which is more than —
(i) $10 million, if no other sum is prescribed under
paragraph (b); or
(ii) such sum as the Minister may, by notification in the
Gazette, specify; or
(b) a specialist accredited checker undertakes work on his own
behalf as a specialist accredited checker in relation to
building works the value of which is more than such sum
as is specified by the Minister by notification in the Gazette,
the accredited checker or specialist accredited checker, as the case
may be, shall be guilty of an offence.
(4) If an organisation which is not registered as an accredited
checking organisation under this Division advertises or holds itself out
or describes itself in any way to be an accredited checking
organisation, that organisation shall be guilty of an offence.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Register of accredited checkers, etc.

14.—(1) The Commissioner of Building Control shall keep and
maintain the following registers:
(a) a register of accredited checkers registered under section 16;
(b) a register of specialist accredited checkers registered under
section 16; and
(c) a register of accredited checking organisations registered
under section 16,
in which shall be entered the names and prescribed particulars of the
persons and organisations so registered.
(2) The absence of the name of any person or organisation from the
registers kept under subsection (1) shall be prima facie evidence
that —

(a) in the case of the register of accredited checkers, that the
person is not so registered or that his registration has been
suspended or cancelled;
(b) in the case of the register of specialist accredited checkers,
that the person is not so registered or that his registration has
been suspended or cancelled; and
(c) in the case of the register of accredited checking
organisations, that the organisation is not so registered or
that its registration has been suspended or cancelled.
(3) The registers referred to in subsection (1) shall be kept and
maintained at the office of the Commissioner of Building Control and
shall be available for inspection by any person without charge during
office hours.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Who may be registered as accredited checker, etc., or accredited

checking organisation
15.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person who applies
to be registered, or to renew his registration, as an accredited checker
or as a specialist accredited checker, as the case may be, shall be
eligible to be so registered or have his registration so renewed if, and
only if —
(a) he has paid the prescribed fee for such registration or
renewal;
(b) he satisfies the Commissioner of Building Control that he has
the qualifications and the practical experience (whether in
Singapore or elsewhere) prescribed for an accredited
checker, or the specialist qualifications and the specialist
practical experience (whether in Singapore or elsewhere)
prescribed for a specialist accredited checker, as the case may
be; and
(c) he satisfies such other requirements as may be prescribed for
such registration or renewal.
(2) Without prejudice to subsection (1), the Commissioner of
Building Control may refuse to register, or to renew the registration

of, a person as an accredited checker or as a specialist accredited

checker if, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Building Control —
(a) the person is not of good character and reputation; or
(b) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the person
will not carry out the duties of an accredited checker or a
specialist accredited checker, as the case may be, in
accordance with this Act or the building regulations.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a partnership or corporation
which applies to be registered, or to renew its registration, as an
accredited checking organisation shall be eligible to be so registered
or have its registration so renewed if, and only if —
(a) it is —
(i) a partnership consisting wholly of professional
engineers registered under the Professional
Engineers Act (Cap. 253) or which is licensed under
that Act to supply professional engineering services in
Singapore; or
(ii) a corporation licensed under the Professional
Engineers Act to supply professional engineering
services in Singapore; and
(b) it satisfies the Commissioner of Building Control that it
meets such requirements as may be prescribed for such
registration or renewal.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Registration of accredited checkers, etc., or accredited checking

organisations
16.—(1) An application for registration, or to renew any
registration, as —
(a) an accredited checker;
(b) a specialist accredited checker; or
(c) an accredited checking organisation,

shall be made in such manner and shall be accompanied by such
documents and particulars as the Commissioner of Building Control
may determine.
(2) Upon receiving an application under subsection (1), or an
application to renew such registration, the Commissioner of Building
Control shall consider the application and may —
(a) register or renew the registration of, as the case may be, the
applicant as an accredited checker, a specialist accredited
checker or an accredited checking organisation, with or
without conditions; or
(b) refuse the registration or renewal.
(3) Where the Commissioner of Building Control has registered a
person, or renewed the person’s registration, as an accredited checker,
a specialist accredited checker or an accredited checking organisation,
he shall issue to that person a certificate of such accreditation.
(4) Every registration as an accredited checker, a specialist
accredited checker or an accredited checking organisation shall,
unless earlier cancelled under section 17, be valid for such period as
may be specified therein (being not longer than 12 months), and upon
its expiry, that registration may be renewed for such period as may be
specified (being also not longer than 12 months).
(5) The Commissioner of Building Control may appoint a
committee of persons to assist him in considering applications for
registration, or renewal of registration, as an accredited checker, a
specialist accredited checker or an accredited checking organisation.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Cancellation, etc., of registration

17.—(1) Subject to section 22, the Commissioner of Building
Control may by order cancel, or suspend for a period not exceeding 6
months, the registration of an accredited checker or a specialist
accredited checker if the Commissioner of Building Control is
satisfied that the accredited checker or specialist accredited checker, as
the case may be —

(a) obtained his registration or renewed registration by fraud or

misrepresentation;
(b) no longer satisfies any of the requirements in section 15(1)
by virtue of which he was so registered;
(c) is convicted of an offence involving fraud or dishonesty or an
offence under this Act or the building regulations;
(d) is for any medical reason or any other reason no longer in a
position to carry out the duties of an accredited checker or a
specialist accredited checker, as the case may be, effectively
under this Act or the building regulations;
(e) has contravened or failed to comply with section 18(4) or (5);
(f) has for any reason been censured or ordered to pay a
financial penalty by a Disciplinary Committee under the
Professional Engineers Act (Cap. 253) or has had his
registration as a professional engineer under that Act
revoked or suspended; or
(g) has failed to meet such standards of performance as may be
prescribed in the building regulations.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may by order cancel, or
suspend for a period not exceeding 6 months, the registration of an
accredited checking organisation if he is satisfied that —
(a) it obtained its registration or renewal of registration by fraud
or misrepresentation;
(b) it has contravened or failed to comply with section 18(4)
or (5);
(c) it has been convicted of an offence under this Act or the
building regulations;
(d) any accredited checker who is —
(i) a partner or an employee of the accredited checking
organisation which is a partnership; or
(ii) a director or manager or an employee of the accredited
checking organisation which is a corporation,

has been convicted of an offence under this Act or the
(e) it is no longer in a position to carry out the duties of an
accredited checking organisation under this Act or the
(f) it no longer satisfies any of the prescribed requirements by
virtue of which it was so registered; or
(g) its performance as an accredited checking organisation, or
the performance of any accredited checker who is a director,
partner, member or an employee of the accredited checking
organisation and acting on its behalf, fails to meet such
standards of performance as may be prescribed in the
(3) The Commissioner of Building Control shall not exercise his
powers under subsection (1) or (2) unless an opportunity of being
heard has been given to the accredited checker, specialist accredited
checker or accredited checking organisation against whom the
Commissioner of Building Control intends to exercise his powers.
(4) The Commissioner of Building Control may appoint —
(a) a committee of persons; and
(b) an advocate and solicitor,
to assist the Commissioner of Building Control in considering any
representation that may be made to him under subsection (3).
(5) The Commissioner of Building Control may, in addition to any
order made under subsection (1) or (2), order the accredited checker,
specialist accredited checker or accredited checking organisation that
is the subject of the order to pay to him such sums as he thinks fit, not
exceeding $10,000, in respect of costs and expenses of and incidental
to any proceedings before the committee appointed under
subsection (4)(a).
(6) The costs and expenses referred to in subsection (5) shall
include —
(a) the costs and expenses of any advocate and solicitor
appointed under subsection (4)(b);

(b) such reasonable expenses as the Commissioner of Building

Control may pay to witnesses; and
(c) such reasonable expenses as are necessary for the conduct of
proceedings before the committee appointed under
subsection (4)(a).
(7) Where the Commissioner of Building Control suspends or
cancels the registration of an accredited checker, a specialist
accredited checker or an accredited checking organisation under
this section, he shall —
(a) cancel any certificate of accreditation issued to the person or
organisation concerned under section 16(3); and
(b) remove the name and particulars of that person or
organisation from the register of accredited checkers, the
register of specialist accredited checkers or the register of
accredited checking organisations, as the case may be.
(8) If the registration of an accredited checker, a specialist accredited
checker or an accredited checking organisation is suspended under
this section for any period, then at the end of the period of suspension,
his or its name and particulars shall be reinstated on the respective
register under section 14, and his or its certificate of accreditation shall
be restored.
(9) The person whose registration as an accredited checker, a
specialist accredited checker or an accredited checking organisation is
suspended or cancelled under this section shall, within 14 days of
being notified of the suspension or cancellation of registration,
surrender to the Commissioner of Building Control the certificate of
accreditation issued under section 16(3), failing which the person or
organisation shall be guilty of an offence.
(10) The Commissioner of Building Control shall cancel the
registration of an accredited checker or a specialist accredited
checker who has died or whose registration has been cancelled
under subsection (11).
(11) If the Commissioner of Building Control has cancelled the
registration of a person as an accredited checker under subsection (1),

he shall also cancel the registration of the person as a specialist
accredited checker.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Duties and independence of accredited checkers, etc., and

accredited checking organisations
18.—(1) An accredited checker who —
(a) is appointed in respect of any major building works; or
(b) is acting on behalf of an accredited checking organisation,
shall check the detailed structural plans and design calculations of the
building works in accordance with the building regulations and shall
carry out such other duties as may be prescribed by those regulations.
(2) The specialist accredited checker appointed under section 8(1) in
respect of any geotechnical building works shall check the
geotechnical aspects of those building works in accordance with the
building regulations and shall carry out such other duties as may be
prescribed by those regulations.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(3) An accredited checker or a specialist accredited checker who

contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall
be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 or to
(4) An accredited checker shall not issue a certificate under
section 5(2)(d) or 5A in respect of the plans of any building works —
(a) if the accredited checker has any professional or financial
interest in the building works shown in the plans described in
his certificate; or
(b) in the case where the accredited checker is a director, partner,
member or an employee of an accredited checking
organisation and acting on behalf of the accredited
checking organisation —
(i) if the accredited checking organisation that is a
corporation and any of its directors; or

(ii) if any partner of the accredited checking organisation

that is a partnership,
has a professional or financial interest in the building works
shown in the plans described in the certificate by the
accredited checking organisation under section 5(2)(d)
or 5A.
(5) A specialist accredited checker shall not issue a certificate under
section 5(2)(d) or 5A in respect of the geotechnical aspects of any
geotechnical building works if the specialist accredited checker has
any professional or financial interest in the geotechnical building
works shown in the plans described in his certificate.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(6) An accredited checker shall be regarded as having a professional

or financial interest in any building works if —
(a) he is or has been responsible for the design or construction of
the building or any of the building works in any capacity
except building works relating to the alterations of the
building which —
(i) do not affect any key structural element; or
(ii) affect any structural element but the effects are
localised in nature and do not require any
strengthening of any key structural element;
(b) he or any nominee of his is a member or an officer or
employee of a company or other body which has a
professional or financial interest in the building works; or
(c) he is a partner or is in the employment of a person who has a
professional or financial interest in the building works.
(7) An accredited checking organisation shall be regarded as having
a professional or financial interest in any building works if —
(a) any of its directors, partners, members or employees is or has
been responsible for the design or construction of the
building or any of the building works in any capacity
building which —

(b) any nominee of the organisation is a member or an officer or
employee of a company or other body which has a
professional or financial interest in the building works; or
(c) the organisation or any of its directors or partners is a partner
or is in the employment of a person who has a professional or
financial interest in the building works.
(8) For the purposes of this Act —
(a) a person shall be treated as having a professional or financial
interest in the building works even if he has that interest only
as trustee for the benefit of some other person; and
(b) in the case of married people living together, the interest of
one spouse shall, if known to the other, be deemed to be also
an interest of the other.
(9) For the purposes of this Act —
(a) involvement in the building works as an accredited checker
or a specialist accredited checker; and
(b) entitlement to any fee paid for his function as an accredited
checker or a specialist accredited checker,
shall not be regarded as constituting a professional or financial
interest.
(10) If a person who is —
(a) an accredited checker;
(b) a specialist accredited checker;
(c) an accredited checking organisation that is a corporation; or
(d) a partner of an accredited checking organisation that is a
partnership, or a director of an accredited checking
organisation that is a corporation,

contravenes subsection (4) or (5), as the case may be, the person shall
be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to —
(i) where the person is a corporation, a fine not exceeding
$100,000; and
(ii) in any other case, a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Division 7 — Enforcement and administration

Demolition, etc., of unauthorised building works
19.—(1) Where, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Building
Control, any building has been erected, or any building works are or
have been carried out, in contravention of the provisions of this Act or
the building regulations, the Commissioner of Building Control may
by order in writing require —
(a) the cessation of the building works until the order is
withdrawn;
(b) the demolition of the building; or
(c) such work or alteration to the building or building works to
be carried out as may be necessary to cause the same to
comply with the provisions of this Act and the building
regulations or otherwise to put an end to the contravention
thereof.
(2) An order made under subsection (1) shall specify all or any of the
following:
(a) the manner in which the demolition, work or alteration
specified in the order is to be carried out;
(b) the time within which the demolition, work or alteration shall
commence;
(c) the time within which the demolition, work or alteration shall
be completed;

(d) that the demolition, work or alteration shall be carried out
with due diligence to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of
Building Control.
(3) An order made under subsection (1) shall be served —
(a) where a building has been erected, on the owner or occupier
of the building; and
(b) where building works are being carried out, on the developer
of the building works or the builder carrying out the building
works.
(4) If an order made under subsection (1) is not complied with, the
Commissioner of Building Control may —
(a) demolish, remove or alter, or cause to be demolished,
removed or altered, such building or building works or take
such other steps as appear to the Commissioner of Building
Control to be necessary, including ordering the closure of the
building; and
(b) recover all expenses reasonably incurred by him in the
exercise of his powers under this section from the person in
default.
Control to exercise his powers under subsection (4), if any person on
whom an order made under subsection (1) is served fails to comply
with the order, that person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be
liable on conviction —
(b) in respect of a continuing failure to comply, to an additional
fine not exceeding $500 for each day or part thereof the
failure to comply continues,
day or part thereof during which the failure to comply continues after
conviction.

(6) The Commissioner of Building Control may seize any materials

resulting from the carrying out of any work under subsection (4).
(7) This section shall apply to any building works, whether or not
for or connected with any temporary building.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Building offences
20.—(1) Any person who commences or carries out, or permits or
authorises the commencement or carrying out of —
(a) any building works (including geotechnical building works)
the plans of which have not been approved by the
Commissioner of Building Control under section 5 or 5A; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) any building works (including geotechnical building works)

for which there is no permit under section 6 in force,
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

(i) to a fine not exceeding $200,000 or to imprisonment for a
conviction.
(2) Any person who contravenes any term or condition of —
(a) an approval of plans of any building works under section 5 or
5A; or
(b) a permit to carry out any building works under section 6,

conviction.
(3) Any developer of any building works and any qualified person,
site supervisor or builder directly concerned with the building works
who, in carrying out the building works deviates, or permits or
authorises the building works to deviate, in any material way from any
plans of the building works approved by the Commissioner of
Building Control under this Part shall each be guilty of an offence and
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(4) [Deleted by Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Pecuniary penalty
21.—(1) Whether or not proceedings have been instituted against
any person for an offence under section 20 in respect of any building
works, the Commissioner of Building Control may require the person
to pay a sum not exceeding 10 times the prescribed fees for the
approval of plans of the building works or which would have been
payable had each approval been obtained, for those building works,
where it appears to the Commissioner of Building Control that such an
offence has been committed.
(2) Any person who is aggrieved by a decision of the Commissioner
of Building Control under subsection (1) may, within 14 days of being
notified of the decision, appeal to the Minister against the decision.
(3) Where an appeal is made to the Minister under subsection (2),
the Minister may confirm, vary or reverse the decision of the
Commissioner of Building Control, or give such directions in the
matter as he thinks fit, and the decision of the Minister shall be final.

(4) Every pecuniary penalty or part thereof outstanding shall be

recoverable as a debt due to the Building and Construction Authority.
(5) On acceptance by the Commissioner of Building Control of the
pecuniary penalty imposed under this section, the unauthorised
building works in respect of which the penalty is paid shall be
deemed to have been carried out without contravening section 20.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Appeals
22.—(1) Where an application made under —
(a) section 5 or 5A for approval of plans of any building works;
(b) section 6 for a permit to carry out any structural works;
(c) section 6A for any modification or waiver of the
requirements of the building regulations in relation to any
particular building works;
(d) section 7A(3) for a waiver of the operation of section 7(1) in
relation to any building works;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) section 15 for registration, or for the renewal of registration,

as an accredited checker, a specialist accredited checker or an
accredited checking organisation; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(f) section 22FG for registration, or for the renewal of

registration, as an energy auditor,
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
is refused, or is granted by the Commissioner of Building Control

subject to terms and conditions, the applicant may, if aggrieved by the
decision of the Commissioner of Building Control, appeal to the
Minister against the decision within 14 days after being served with
the notice of the decision.
(2) If the Commissioner of Building Control has made an order
under section 17 in respect of an accredited checker, a specialist
accredited checker or an accredited checking organisation, the
accredited checker, specialist accredited checker or accredited
checking organisation concerned may appeal to the Minister against
the order within 14 days after being served with the notice of the order.

(2A) If the Commissioner of Building Control has cancelled or
suspended the registration of an energy auditor under section 22FI, the
energy auditor concerned may appeal to the Minister against the
cancellation or suspension within 14 days after being served with the
notice of the cancellation or suspension.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(3) In any appeal under this section in relation to the conviction of

an accredited checker, a specialist accredited checker, an accredited
checking organisation or an energy auditor for a criminal offence, the
Minister on appeal from any order or decision of the Commissioner of
Building Control shall accept the conviction as final and conclusive.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(4) Where an appeal is brought under this section from a decision of

the Commissioner of Building Control, the Minister may, after giving
the aggrieved appellant an opportunity to make representations in
writing, dismiss or allow the appeal, unconditionally or subject to
such conditions as he thinks fit.
(5) The decision of the Minister in any appeal under this section
shall be final.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
PART III
RETROFITTING OF EXTERIOR FEATURES
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
Application and interpretation of this Part

22A.—(1) This Part shall apply to all exterior features on any
building except —
(a) exterior features on any detached house, semi-detached
house, terrace house or linked house, none of which are
comprised in any strata title plan; and
(b) exterior features located on the lowest level of any building.

(2) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —

“applicable date”, in relation to an exterior feature, means such
date as is prescribed under section 22C to be the applicable
date for that exterior feature;
“grace period”, in relation to an exterior feature, means such
period starting from the applicable date for the exterior feature
and ending after such time as is prescribed under section 22C
for that exterior feature;
“prescribed age”, in relation to an exterior feature, means such
age as is prescribed under section 22C to be the prescribed age
for that exterior feature.
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
Duty to retrofit exterior feature

22B.—(1) Where an exterior feature of a prescribed building has
been installed on, forms part of, or projects outwards from the
building at any time before the applicable date prescribed for the
exterior feature, the person responsible for the exterior feature shall
carry out or cause to be carried out retrofitting of that exterior feature
in such manner, by such person and using such material as may be
prescribed in relation to that exterior feature —
(a) where there is no prescribed age for that exterior feature, or
the exterior feature is, on that applicable date, of the
prescribed age or older — within the grace period
prescribed for that exterior feature; or
(b) where the exterior feature is, on that applicable date, less than
the prescribed age — within the grace period prescribed for
that exterior feature or within the period before the exterior
feature attains the prescribed age, whichever period is the
longer.
(2) Any person who, without reasonable excuse, contravenes
conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 6 months or to both and, in the case of a continuing

offence, to a further fine not exceeding $500 for every day or part
thereof during which the offence continues after conviction.
(3) If a person is charged with an offence under subsection (2), it
shall be a defence for him to prove that he was not the person
responsible for the exterior feature at any time during that grace period
or before the exterior feature attained that prescribed age, as the case
may be.
(4) For the purposes of this Act, the age of an exterior feature of a
building shall be reckoned from the date of its first installation on that
building as determined in accordance with such date as is prescribed
under section 22C for that exterior feature.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed as —
(a) prohibiting or preventing the Commissioner of Building
Control from exercising any of his powers under any other
provision of this Act or the building regulations; or
(b) derogating from the effect of any other provision of this Act
or the building regulations or any other written law for the
time being in force.
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
Retrofitting orders
22C.—(1) The Minister may, by order published in the Gazette,
prescribe any matter which is required or permitted to be prescribed by
this Part.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the
Minister may, in an order made under that subsection, prescribe —
(a) the duties and responsibilities of any person authorised to
carry out retrofitting of an exterior feature, including
providing that any failure or neglect to comply with any
such duty or responsibility shall be an offence;
(b) different applicable dates, prescribed ages, grace periods and
persons responsible for an exterior feature in relation to
different exterior features;

(c) different qualifications and training for persons authorised to

carry out retrofitting in relation to different exterior features;
and
(d) that any contravention of any provision of the order shall be
an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $5,000 or
with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or with
both and, in the case of a continuing offence, with a further
fine not exceeding $500 for every day or part thereof during
which the offence continues after conviction.
(3) All orders made under this section shall be presented to
Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
PART IIIA
DISABILITY AND OTHER PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
FOR BUILDINGS
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Interpretation of this Part

22D.—(1) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —
“building” does not include a temporary building;
“performance requirement” means a performance requirement in
the building regulations that —
(a) is to facilitate the access to, and use of, a building and
its facilities by persons with disabilities; or
(b) is prescribed in the building regulations for the
purposes of this Part;
“person with disability” means an individual who has an
impairment of hearing or sight, or an impairment which
limits his ability to walk, or which restricts him to using a
wheelchair;
“physical feature”, in relation to a building, includes the
following physical features (permanent or temporary):

(a) any feature arising from the design or construction of
the building;
(b) any feature of any approach to, exit from or access to
such a building;
(c) any fixtures, fittings or facility in or on the premises of
the building; or
(d) any other physical element or quality of the land on
which the building stands.
(2) A physical feature of a building satisfies the relevant
performance requirement for the purposes of this Part where the
physical feature is constructed or installed in or in connection with the
building in accordance with the performance requirement that —
(a) is relevant in relation to that physical feature; and
(b) is in effect at the following time:
(i) the day upon which the works to construct or install the
physical feature started; or
(ii) in the case of a physical feature provided as part of
building works to which Part II applies, the day a
certificate of statutory completion is issued in respect
of the building on the completion of those building
works.
(3) For the avoidance of doubt, this Part shall apply to the physical
features of any building, whether constructed before, on or after the
commencement of section 4 of the Building Control (Amendment)
Act 2007.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Duty of building owner, etc., not to alter

22E.—(1) Every owner or occupier of a building shall not remove,
alter or obstruct, or cause the removal, alteration or obstruction of, any
physical feature of the building where —
(a) the physical feature satisfies the relevant performance
requirement for the purposes of this Part; and

(b) the removal, alteration or obstruction will cause the physical

feature to cease to satisfy the relevant performance
requirement.
(2) Where, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Building Control,
any physical feature of a building referred to in subsection (1)(a) has
been removed, altered or obstructed so as to cease to satisfy the
relevant performance requirement, the Commissioner of Building
Control may, by notice in writing, require such repairs, work or
alteration to the physical feature or the building or other remedial
action as he thinks fit to be carried out to reinstate the physical feature
so as to satisfy the relevant performance requirement.
(3) A notice to reinstate under subsection (2) shall specify —
(a) the manner in which the repairs, work, alteration or remedial
action specified in the notice is to be carried out;
(b) the time within which the repairs, work, alteration or
remedial action shall commence;
(c) the time within which the repairs, work, alteration or
remedial action shall be completed; and
(d) that the repairs, work, alteration or remedial action shall be
carried out with due diligence to the satisfaction of the
Commissioner of Building Control.
(4) A notice to reinstate under subsection (2) shall be made in
respect of any building or any physical feature thereof and shall be
served —
(a) on the owner of the building;
(b) where that owner is not known or cannot be found by
reasonable inquiry, on the occupier of the building;
(c) in the case of a physical feature comprised in any common
property or limited common property of any subdivided
building, on the owner thereof; or
(d) in the case of a physical feature comprised in any common
property of residential or commercial property in any
housing estate of the Housing and Development Board —

(i) on the Town Council receiving any rent or charge for
the maintenance of that common property; or
(ii) where there is no Town Council with the function and
duty to maintain that common property, on the
Housing and Development Board.
(5) If any person on whom a notice under subsection (2) is served
fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with the requirements of
that notice, that person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable
on conviction —
not exceeding 3 months or to both;
(b) to a further fine not exceeding $250 for each day or part
thereof the person fails, without reasonable excuse, to
comply with the requirements of that notice; and
(c) in the case of a continuing offence after conviction, to a
further fine not exceeding $500 for every day or part thereof
during which the failure to comply continues after
conviction.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Appeal against notice to reinstate

22F.—(1) Any person on whom a notice to reinstate under
section 22E(2) is served may, within 21 days after the date of
receipt of the notice, appeal in writing to the Minister against the
notice in the prescribed manner.
(2) Notwithstanding that an appeal is lodged under subsection (1),
the notice appealed against shall take effect and be complied with
unless otherwise ordered by the Minister.
(3) The Minister may determine an appeal under this section by
confirming, varying or cancelling the notice of the Commissioner of
Building Control under section 22E(2).
(4) The decision of the Minister in any appeal under this section
shall be final.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

PART IIIB
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY MEASURES FOR
EXISTING BUILDINGS
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

22FA. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —
“as-built score”, in relation to an existing building which has
undergone a major energy-use change, means the Green Mark
score awarded to that building upon the completion of the
major energy-use change;
“design score”, in relation to an existing building for which a
major energy-use change is proposed, means the Green Mark
score projected for that building upon the completion of the
major energy-use change, assessed based on the design of the
proposed major energy-use change;
“energy auditor” means a person registered as an energy auditor
under section 22FG;
“existing building” means any building in respect of which a
certificate of statutory completion or a temporary occupation
permit is issued;
“Green Mark score” means a numerical score to assess the
environmental sustainability of a building, calculated using
the prescribed scoring methodology;
“major energy-use change”, in relation to an existing building,
means —
(a) the installation, substantial alteration or replacement of
a prescribed cooling system of the building; or
(b) such other change to the energy requirements of the
building as may be prescribed;
“mechanical engineer” means a professional engineer registered
under the Professional Engineers Act (Cap. 253) in the branch
of mechanical engineering who has in force a practising
certificate issued under that Act;

“minimum environmental sustainability standard”, in relation to
any building, means the prescribed minimum standard of
environmental sustainability applicable to that building, or to
a building of that type or class, expressed in terms of a Green
Mark score and other specified requirements;
“prescribed building” means an existing building in any class or
type of buildings for the time being prescribed for the
purposes of this Part.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Submission of design score for building undergoing major

energy-use change
22FB.—(1) No owner of any prescribed building shall carry out, or
permit or authorise the carrying out of, any major energy-use change
to that building, unless the owner has first —
(a) appointed a mechanical engineer to assess the design score
for the major energy-use change to the building;
(b) submitted the design score assessed by the mechanical
engineer appointed under paragraph (a) to the Commissioner
of Building Control for approval, in the prescribed form and
manner and accompanied by such documents and fee as may
be prescribed; and
(c) obtained the approval of the Commissioner of Building
Control for the design score, which approval has not lapsed
at the time of commencement of the major energy-use
change.
(2) Subject to subsection (5), the Commissioner of Building Control
shall not approve the design score in relation to a prescribed building
unless the design score meets the prevailing minimum environmental
sustainability standard for that building or a building of that class or
type.
(3) Upon receiving the submission of a design score relating to a
prescribed building for approval under subsection (1), the
Commissioner of Building Control may direct the owner of the
building in writing —

(a) to comply with such requirements in relation to the major

energy-use change as the Commissioner of Building Control
may specify so that the design score meets the minimum
environmental sustainability standard applicable to the
building; and
(b) to re-submit the design score for his approval within such
period as may be specified in the direction.
(4) If the direction given by the Commissioner of Building Control
under subsection (3) is not complied with within the period specified
in that direction, or such further period as may be extended by the
Commissioner of Building Control, the application for approval of the
design score shall, at the end of that period, be deemed to be
disapproved by the Commissioner of Building Control.
(5) The Commissioner of Building Control may, on the application
of an owner of a prescribed building in any particular case, modify or
waive any requirement in relation to the minimum environmental
sustainability standard applicable to the building, subject to such
conditions as the Commissioner of Building Control may impose.
(6) The Commissioner of Building Control may approve the design
score on the basis of a declaration by the mechanical engineer who
assessed the score certifying the correctness of the design score.
(7) A mechanical engineer appointed under subsection (1)(a) in
relation to a prescribed building shall —
(a) design the proposed major energy-use change to the building
so that the design score meets the minimum environmental
sustainability standard applicable to the building;
(b) assess the design score for the major energy-use change to
the building in the manner prescribed; and
(c) provide to the owner of the building —
(i) the design score and the documents on which the
design score was assessed;
(ii) a declaration as to whether the design score meets the
minimum environmental sustainability standard
applicable to the building; and

(iii) such other documents as may be required by the
(8) Any owner of a prescribed building who, without reasonable
excuse, contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 and, in
the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $1,000
for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after
conviction.
(9) Any mechanical engineer who —
(a) without reasonable excuse, contravenes subsection (7); or
(b) furnishes any information or makes any statement in relation
to the design score, or in any other document required under
subsection (7)(c), which he knows or has reason to believe is
false,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine
not exceeding $10,000.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Deviation from approved design score

22FC. Where the design score in relation to any major energy-use
change to a prescribed building has been approved by the
Commissioner of Building Control under section 22FB and the
owner of the building, in carrying out the major energy-use change,
intends to depart or deviate from the design on which the approved
design score was assessed, the mechanical engineer appointed under
section 22FB(1)(a) —
(a) shall ensure that the design score for the major energy-use
change with such departure or deviation still meets the
minimum environmental sustainability standard, subject to
any modification or waiver under section 22FB(5); but
(b) need not re-submit the design score to the Commissioner of
Building Control for approval.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

Lapsing or revocation of approval of design score

22FD.—(1) Unless earlier revoked under subsection (2), any
approval granted under section 22FB in respect of a design score
for a major energy-use change shall lapse if no works in respect of that
major energy-use change have started within the prescribed period
after the approval is granted.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may, at any time, revoke
any approval granted in respect of a design score if he is satisfied that
any information or document submitted to him in connection with the
design score is false in a material particular.
(3) Where the approval of a design score is revoked under
subsection (2), the owner of the prescribed building shall not carry
out or continue the major energy-use change to which the revoked
approval relates unless he has first re-submitted the design score to the
Commissioner of Building Control and obtained the approval of the
Commissioner of Building Control therefor.
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Completion of major energy-use change and submission of as-

built score
22FE.—(1) The owner of a prescribed building shall, not later than
3 years after the approval of the design score for a major energy-use
change to that building by the Commissioner of Building Control —
(a) complete the major energy-use change in accordance with
the design score approved by the Commissioner of Building
Control, subject to any departure or deviation which
complies with section 22FC; and
(b) submit to the Commissioner of Building Control in such
form and manner and within such time as may be
prescribed —
(i) the as-built score of the building assessed by the
mechanical engineer appointed under

section 22FB(1)(a) or, if that mechanical engineer has
vacated his appointment, another mechanical engineer
appointed under subsection (5), for approval by the
(ii) a declaration by the mechanical engineer who assessed
the as-built score certifying the correctness of the as-
built score; and
(iii) such other documents as may be prescribed.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may approve the as-built
score on the basis of a declaration by the mechanical engineer who
assessed the score certifying the correctness of the as-built score.
(3) A mechanical engineer appointed to assess the as-built score in
relation to a prescribed building shall, within 7 days after the
completion of the major energy-use change —
(a) assess the as-built score of the building in the manner
prescribed; and
(b) provide to the owner of the building —
(i) the as-built score and the documents on which the as-
built score was assessed;
(ii) a declaration as to whether the as-built score meets the
minimum environmental sustainability standard
applicable to the building;
(iii) such document certifying the completion of the major
energy-use change as the Commissioner of Building
Control may specify; and
(iv) such other documents as may be required by the
(4) If the owner of the prescribed building ceases to be the owner
thereof before the submission of the as-built score under
subsection (1)(b), he shall notify the Commissioner of Building
Control of that fact not later than 7 days after he ceases to be the owner
thereof.

(5) If any mechanical engineer appointed under section 22FB(1)(a)

in relation to a prescribed building vacates his appointment before the
submission of the as-built score under subsection (1)(b) for that
building, the owner of the building shall —
(a) appoint another mechanical engineer to assess the as-built
score; and
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 and, in
the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $1,000
for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after
conviction.
excuse, contravenes subsection (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence
and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(8) Any mechanical engineer who —
to the as-built score, or in any other document required under
subsection (3)(b), which he knows or has reason to believe is
false,
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Periodic audit of energy efficiency of building cooling system

22FF.—(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Commissioner of
Building Control may, by notice served on the owner of any of the
following buildings, require an audit to be carried out as to whether
the cooling system of the building meets the prescribed energy
efficiency standard applicable to such cooling system (referred to in
this Part as an energy audit):

(a) any building in respect of which an application for planning
permission is submitted to the competent authority under the
Planning Act (Cap. 232) on or after 1st December 2010;
(b) any prescribed building which has undergone a major
energy-use change under this Part.
(2) A notice under subsection (1) may be issued —
(a) to the owner of any building in respect of which the
application for planning permission is submitted to the
competent authority under the Planning Act on or after
1st December 2010 —
(i) at any time after the temporary occupation permit or, if
no temporary occupation permit is issued, the
certificate of statutory completion is issued in respect
of that building; and
(ii) thereafter at intervals of not less than 3 years after the
date of the last notice under this section; and
(b) to the owner of any prescribed building which has undergone
a major energy-use change —
(i) at any time on or after the third anniversary of the date
of the approval of the as-built score referred to in
section 22FE(1)(b)(i); and
(ii) thereafter at intervals of not less than 3 years after the
date of the last notice under this section.
(3) The owner of a building on whom a notice is served under
subsection (1) shall, within such period as may be specified in the
notice under that subsection or such longer period as the
Commissioner of Building Control may allow in any particular
case —
(a) appoint a person referred to in section 22FG to carry out the
energy audit;
(b) if the cooling system does not meet the applicable prescribed
energy efficiency standard, carry out such maintenance work
or take such other measures in relation to the cooling system

to ensure that it meets the applicable prescribed energy

efficiency standard; and
(c) submit the report of the energy audit to the Commissioner of
Building Control in such form and manner as the
Commissioner of Building Control may specify.
(4) Any owner of a building who, without reasonable excuse,
contravenes subsection (3) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be
liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 and, in the case of
a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $500 for every
day or part thereof during which the offence continues after
conviction.
(5) The Commissioner of Building Control may, on the application
of an owner of a building in any particular case, modify any
requirement in relation to the prescribed energy efficiency standard
for the cooling system of the building, subject to such conditions as
the Commissioner of Building Control may impose.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Persons who may carry out energy audit

22FG.—(1) The following persons may be appointed to carry out
an energy audit under section 22FF:
(a) a mechanical engineer;
(b) an energy auditor registered under this section;
(c) such other class or classes of persons as may be prescribed.
(2) An application to be registered as an energy auditor shall be
made to the Commissioner of Building Control in the prescribed
manner and shall be accompanied by such other documents or
information and such application fee as may be prescribed.
(3) An individual shall be eligible to be registered as an energy
auditor if he has the prescribed qualifications or experience in relation
to assessing the energy efficiency of cooling systems of buildings.
(4) The Commissioner of Building Control shall consider the
application and may register the applicant if he is satisfied that the
applicant has the requisite qualifications and is capable of carrying out

the duties of an energy auditor under this Act and the building
regulations.
(5) The registration of an energy auditor shall be valid for such
period as may be prescribed, being at least one year.
(6) The Commissioner of Building Control may appoint a
committee of persons to assist him in considering applications for
registration, or renewal of registration, as an energy auditor.
(7) The Commissioner of Building Control shall keep a register of
energy auditors in which shall be entered the names of all persons
registered under this section as energy auditors.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Duties of person carrying out energy audit

22FH.—(1) Any person appointed to carry out an energy audit
under section 22FF of a cooling system of a building —
(a) shall carry out the energy audit in the prescribed manner;
(b) may, if the cooling system of the building fails to attain the
prescribed energy efficiency standard applicable to such a
cooling system, recommend to the owner of the building
such measures as may be necessary to attain the prescribed
energy efficiency standard; and
(c) shall, on completion of the energy audit of the cooling
system (including of any maintenance work or other
measures taken to meet the prescribed energy efficiency
standard), prepare and sign a report of the result of the energy
audit in such form as the Commissioner of Building Control
may specify.
(2) Any person appointed to carry out an energy audit who —
to the energy audit report required under subsection (1)(c),
which he knows or has reason to believe is false,


[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Cancellation or suspension of registration of energy auditor

22FI.—(1) Subject to section 22, the Commissioner of Building
Control may cancel, or suspend for a period not exceeding 6 months,
the registration of an energy auditor if the Commissioner of Building
Control is satisfied that —
(a) the person obtained his registration or renewal of registration
by fraud or misrepresentation;
(b) the person has been convicted of an offence which, in the
opinion of the Commissioner of Building Control, renders
him unfit to remain registered as an energy auditor;
(c) the person is no longer capable of carrying out the duties of
an energy auditor;
(d) the person no longer satisfies the prescribed requirements by
virtue of which he was so registered; or
(e) for prescribed reasons, the person is no longer suitable to be
registered as an energy auditor.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control shall not cancel or
suspend the registration of any energy auditor under subsection (1)
without giving the energy auditor an opportunity to be heard.
(3) Where the Commissioner of Building Control cancels or
suspends the registration of an energy auditor under this section,
the Commissioner of Building Control shall remove the name and
particulars of that person from the register of energy auditors.
(4) If the registration of an energy auditor is suspended under this
section for any period, then at the end of the period of suspension, his
name and particulars shall be reinstated in the register of energy
auditors.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

Power to obtain energy consumption and other information
22FJ.—(1) For the purpose of monitoring the energy efficiency and
environmental sustainability of any building, the Commissioner of
Building Control may do all or any of the following:
(a) by a notice in writing to the owner of the building require the
owner to furnish to him all or any of the following
information in respect of the building:
(i) the electricity consumption by users of the building as
a whole or any part of the building or by different users
in the building;
(ii) the consumption of other types of energy by users of
the building as a whole or any part of the building or by
different users in the building;
(iii) the consumption of chilled water supplied to the
cooling system of the building;
(iv) such other information relating to the building, the
users of the building and their energy usage as the
Commissioner of Building Control may specify in the
notice;
(b) by a notice in writing to a supplier of electricity, gas or any
other type of energy (referred to in this section as an energy
supplier), require the energy supplier to furnish to the
Commissioner of Building Control information in the
possession of the energy supplier relating to the energy
consumption of any building or buildings specified in the
notice;
(c) by a notice in writing to a supplier of any cooling system to
buildings, require that person to furnish to the Commissioner
of Building Control information specified in the notice
relating to the supply of cooling systems by that person to
any building or buildings.
(2) The person to whom a notice is directed under subsection (1)
shall provide the data required in the form and manner and within the
time specified in the notice.

(3) Any person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply

with subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
PART IV
DANGEROUS BUILDINGS AND OCCURRENCES
22G. In this Part, “building” includes a building or any part thereof
in respect of which building works are being carried out.
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
Dangerous building works

23.—(1) If the Commissioner of Building Control is of the opinion
that any building works are being carried out in such a manner as —
(a) will cause, or will be likely to cause, a risk of injury to any
person or damage to any property;
(b) will cause, or will be likely to cause, or may have caused a
total or partial collapse of —
(i) the building in respect of which the building works are
or have been carried out; or
(ii) any building, street, slope or natural formation
opposite, parallel, adjacent or in otherwise close
proximity to those building works, or any part of
any such building, street or land; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) will render, or will be likely to render, or may have rendered

the building in respect of which the building works are or
have been carried out or any building, street, slope or natural
formation opposite, parallel, adjacent or in otherwise close
proximity to those building works, or any part of any such
building, street or land, so unstable or so dangerous that it
will collapse or be likely to collapse (whether totally or
partially),
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

the Commissioner of Building Control may do either or both of the
following:
(A) engage a qualified person or a specialist to carry out such
investigations and tests as may be necessary and to advise the
Commissioner of Building Control on all matters relating to
the safety of the building in respect of which the building
works are or have been carried out or the building, street,
slope or natural formation opposite, parallel, adjacent or in
otherwise close proximity to those building works, as the
case may be, the reasons for its collapse (if applicable) and
the measures that should be taken to obviate any possible
danger that might arise from the condition of the building;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(B) make all or any of the orders in subsection (2).

(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may, for the purpose of
obviating any danger or preventing any situation referred to in
subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c) from happening, order the developer of
those building works —
(a) to immediately stop the building works;
(b) to carry out or cause to be carried out (at the developer’s cost)
such inspection as the Commissioner of Building Control
may specify of either or both of the following:
(i) the building in respect of which the building works are
or have been carried out;
(ii) the building, street, slope or natural formation
opposite, parallel, adjacent or in otherwise close
proximity to those building works;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) to execute or cause to be executed (at the developer’s cost)

such building works as the Commissioner of Building
Control may specify (which may include retrofitting under
Part III); or
(d) to demolish or cause to be demolished (at the developer’s
cost) the building in respect of which the building works are

or have been carried out or any part thereof, and remove any
rubbish resulting from the demolition.
(3) Where the building works referred to in subsection (1) comprise
structural works, the Commissioner of Building Control may, in lieu
of or in addition to any engagement or order in subsection (1) or (2),
revoke any permit granted under section 6 to carry out those structural
works.
(4) If the person to whom an order in subsection (2) is given fails to
comply with the order within the time specified, the Commissioner of
Building Control may execute the order in such manner as he thinks fit
and recover in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to him all
expenses reasonably incurred by him in doing so from the person in
default.
Control to exercise his powers under subsection (4), any person who,
without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with any order in
subsection (2) that the person is given shall be guilty of an offence
and shall be liable on conviction to —
(a) where the order is to immediately stop the building works —
(i) a fine not exceeding $500,000 or imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 2 years or both; and
(ii) in respect of a continuing failure to comply, an
additional fine not exceeding $10,000 for each day
or part thereof the person fails to comply with the
order; or
(b) in the case of any other order in subsection (2) —
(i) a fine not exceeding $100,000 or imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 12 months or both; and
(ii) in respect of a continuing failure to comply, an
additional fine not exceeding $2,500 for each day or
part thereof the person fails to comply with the order,
this further offence to a further fine not exceeding —

(A) where the order is to immediately stop the building works —
$20,000 for each day or part thereof the person fails to
comply with the order after conviction; or
(B) in the case of any other order in subsection (2) — $5,000 for
each day or part thereof the person fails to comply with the
order after conviction.
(6) Any person to whom any order in subsection (2) is given shall,
while the order is in force, display a copy of the order at every entrance
to the building to which the order relates, and such copy shall be
displayed in a way that it can be easily read by people outside the
building.
(7) Any person who contravenes subsection (6) shall be guilty of an
offence.
(8) The Commissioner of Building Control may also order the
developer of the building works concerned to pay or reimburse the
Commissioner of Building Control, all or a specified part of the
expenses he has incurred in engaging a qualified person or a specialist
under subsection (1) (A).
(9) The Commissioner of Building Control may recover in a court of
competent jurisdiction as a debt due to him so much of the amount
payable under an order made under subsection (8) as is not paid in
accordance with that order.
(10) Any person on whom an order under subsection (8) is served
may, within 14 days after the date of receipt of the order, appeal in
writing to the Minister against the order in the prescribed manner.
(11) The Minister may determine an appeal under subsection (10)
by confirming, varying or cancelling the order of the Commissioner of
Building Control under subsection (8); and the decision of the
Minister in any such appeal shall be final.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Dangerous buildings
24.—(1) If the Commissioner of Building Control is of the opinion
that a building is in such a condition, or is used to carry such loads, as
to be or likely to be dangerous, the Commissioner of Building Control

may, for the purpose of obviating any danger, order the owner of the
building to do all or any of the following:
(a) to appoint an appropriate qualified person to carry out (at the
owner’s cost) such inspection of the building as the
Commissioner of Building Control may specify;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) to execute or cause to be executed (at the owner’s cost) such

building works as the Commissioner of Building Control
may specify (which may include retrofitting under Part III);
(c) to demolish or cause to be demolished (at the owner’s cost)
the building or any part thereof, and remove any rubbish
resulting from the demolition;
(d) to cause (at the owner’s cost) the building to be shored up or
otherwise secured and a proper hoarding or fence to be put up
for the protection of the public from danger, or arranging for
the building to be watched.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may, in lieu of or in
addition to any order under subsection (1), make —
(a) an order (referred to in this Part as an occupancy order)
directing the owner or occupier of the building to not allow
more than the number of people stated in the occupancy
order to be in the building at any time or to otherwise restrict
the use of the building, until he, being satisfied that any
inspection or building works referred to in subsection (1) are
completed, withdraws the order; or
(b) an order (referred to in this Part as a closure order) directing
the closure of the building, and that every owner and
occupier of the building must quit the building and must not
allow anyone else to occupy the building except as permitted
under this Part.
(3) Before exercising any of his powers under subsection (2), the
Commissioner of Building Control shall, if it is reasonably practicable
to do so, give notice of his intention to make an occupancy order or a
closure order, as the case may be.

Building Control may ––
(a) execute the order in such manner as he thinks fit; and
(b) recover in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to
him all expenses reasonably incurred by him in doing so
from the person in default,
except that so far as the expenses incurred under this section consist of
expenses of fencing off the building, or arranging for it to be watched,
the expenses shall not be recoverable in respect of any period after the
danger has been removed by other steps under this section.
term not exceeding 12 months or to both; and
fine not exceeding $2,500 for each day or part thereof the
person fails to comply with the order,
this further offence to a further fine not exceeding $5,000 for each day
or part thereof the person fails to comply with the order after
conviction.
(6) Any person to whom any occupancy order or closure order
under subsection (2) is given shall, while the order is in force, display
a copy of the order at every entrance to the building to which the order
relates, and such copy shall be displayed in a way that it can be easily
read by people outside the building.
offence.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

Dangerous slopes
24A.—(1) If the Commissioner of Building Control is of the
opinion that any natural, formed or man-made land or slope which
abuts or is in close proximity to any building is in such a condition as
to be dangerous or likely to be dangerous to the building, the
Commissioner of Building Control may, for the purpose of obviating
any danger, order the owner of the land or slope to do all or any of the
following:
(a) to appoint an appropriate qualified person to carry out (at the
owner’s cost) such investigation in relation to the land or
slope as the Commissioner of Building Control may specify;
(b) to submit to the Commissioner of Building Control the
findings of the investigation by the qualified person under
paragraph (a);
(c) to execute or cause to be executed (at the owner’s cost) such
building works or other works as the Commissioner of
Building Control may specify to obviate the danger.
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may, in lieu of or in
addition to any order under subsection (1), make a closure order in
relation to either or both of the following:
(a) the building that is endangered by the land or slope;
(b) the land or slope.
(3) Before exercising any of his powers under subsection (2), the
Commissioner of Building Control shall, if it is reasonably practicable
to do so, give notice of his intention to make the closure order.
(4) Any person to whom a closure order under subsection (2) is
given shall, while the order is in force, display a copy of the order in a
way that it can be easily read by people —
(a) at every entrance to any building to which the order relates;
and
(b) on any hoarding, fence, cordon, barricade or other physical
barrier to entry upon any land or slope to which the order
relates.

Building Control may —
(a) execute the order in such manner as he thinks fit; and
(b) recover in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to
him all expenses reasonably incurred by him in doing so
from the person in default.
term not exceeding 12 months or to both; and
fine not exceeding $2,500 for each day or part thereof the
person fails to comply with the order,
this further offence to a further fine not exceeding $5,000 for each day
or part thereof the person fails to comply with the order after
conviction.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Closure orders
25.—(1) Where the Commissioner of Building Control makes any
closure order, the order shall be served on the owner and every
occupier of the building or the land or slope, as the case may be.
[4/99]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2) A closure order in respect of a building may require the owner or

occupier of the building to which the order relates to cease to inhabit

the building and to remove all goods, furniture and effects from the
building before the order comes into force.
[2/91]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2A) A closure order in respect of land or a slope may do one or

more of the following:
(a) require the owner or occupier of the land or slope to which
the order relates to secure the area within or around the land
or slope to prevent access into the area;
(b) specify the means by which the area is to be secured,
including the installation of any hoarding, fence, cordon,
barricade or other physical barrier to entry;
(c) require the installation of safety features within or around the
land or slope, including adequate lighting and warning signs
or lights.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(3) Except with the permission in writing of the Commissioner of

Building Control, no person, other than a public officer in the course
of his duty, shall —
(a) enter or be in a building at any time while a closure order is in
force in respect of the building; or
(b) enter or be on any land or slope at any time while a closure
order is in force in respect of the land or slope.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(3A) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with

conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 12 months or to both and, in the case of a
continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $200 for every day
during which the offence continues after conviction.
(4) Where the Commissioner of Building Control thinks fit, he may,
subject to such conditions as he may impose, by notice in writing
permit any person to enter and be in a building or on any land or slope

while a closure order is in force in respect of the building or land or
slope, as the case may be.
[4/99]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(5) Any permission granted under subsection (4) may be cancelled

by the Commissioner of Building Control at any time and for any
reason.
[4/99]
(6) Where a closure order is in force in respect of a building or any

land or slope —
(a) any police officer may, with such force or assistance as may
be necessary, remove therefrom any person who is in the
building or on the land or slope in contravention of
subsection (3);
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) the Commissioner of Building Control may seal or cause to

be sealed, all or any of the entrances to or exits from the
building or the means of access to or egress from the land or
slope, as the case may be; and
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) the Commissioner of Building Control or any police officer

may remove all goods, furniture and effects from the
building.
[2/91; 4/99]
(7) A closure order shall remain in force in respect of a building until

the Commissioner of Building Control had served a notice of expiry
of the order on the owner of the building by causing the notice to be
posted upon a conspicuous part of the building to which it relates and
by serving a copy of the notice upon the owner.
[4/99]
(7A) A closure order shall remain in force in respect of any land or

slope until the Commissioner of Building Control has served a notice
of expiry of the order on the owner of the land or slope.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

(8) Every notice of expiry of a closure order shall specify the

building or the land or slope to which it relates and the date upon
which the order expires.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Investigations into dangerous occurrences

25A.—(1) Where the Commissioner of Building Control becomes
aware of any dangerous occurrence in any premises at which building
works are carried out or in any other premises, the Commissioner of
Building Control may direct any person authorised on his behalf to
investigate the circumstances of the dangerous occurrence.
(2) No person shall, without the prior consent of the Commissioner
of Building Control —
(a) alter, replace, remove or add to any building element,
machinery, equipment, plant or article at any premises in
respect of which the Commissioner of Building Control has
made any direction under subsection (1); or
(b) modify any premises in respect of which the Commissioner
of Building Control has made any direction under
subsection (1).
offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
$10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to
both.
(4) Nothing in subsection (2) shall operate to interfere with rescue
work or work necessary for the general safety of life and property.
(5) In this section, “dangerous occurrence” means —
(a) the collapse or structural failure of any building (completed
or otherwise);
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) any structural distress that is likely to lead to the instability of

any building (completed or otherwise); or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

(c) the instability or failure of any land or slope which abuts or is
in close proximity to a building,
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
whether or not the collapse, structural failure or structural distress of

the building or the instability or failure of the land or slope results in
any death, bodily injury or injury to health.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
PART V
INSPECTION OF BUILDINGS
26.—(1) In this Part —
“owner”, in relation to —
(a) a subdivided building comprising 2 or more flats,
means —
(i) the management corporation established under
the Land Titles (Strata) Act (Cap. 158) having
control of the building; or
(ii) the person receiving any rent or charge for the
maintenance and management of the common
property of the building;
(b) the common property of any building comprising 2 or
more flats, means —
(i) the person receiving any rent or charge for the
maintenance and management of the common
property of the building;
(ii) any body corporate constituted under an order
made by the Minister under section 3 of the
HUDC Housing Estates Act (Cap. 131);
(ba) the limited common property of any building
comprising 2 or more flats, means the subsidiary
management corporation or the person receiving any

rent or charge for the maintenance and management of

that limited common property; and
[47/2004 wef 01/04/2005]
(c) the common property of residential and commercial

property in any housing estate of the Housing and
Development Board, means that Board;
“special building” means any building of which not less than
90% of its floor area is used solely for residential purposes,
and in this definition, “floor area” means the total area of floor
space within the building measured between party walls
including the thickness of external walls;
“structural engineer” means a person who is registered under the
Professional Engineers Act (Cap. 253) in the civil or structural
engineering discipline and who has in force a practising
certificate issued under that Act authorising him to engage in
civil or structural engineering work.
[23/91; 18/95]
(2) For the purposes of this Part, a building which is physically

connected with another building —
(a) shall, although so connected, be treated as a separate building
if it is so constructed as to be capable of remaining in position
and being used independently of the other building or as to
require only minor modification as to render it so capable;
and
(b) shall not be treated as other than a separate building merely
because it is so connected with the other building at or below
ground level or by means of a bridge or similar structure
(whether affording access or accommodation to both).
Application of this Part

27. This Part shall apply to buildings other than —
(a) detached houses, semi-detached houses, terraced or linked
houses which are used solely by the owners or occupiers
thereof solely as their residence; and

(b) temporary buildings.
[18/95]
Periodic inspection of buildings

28.—(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Commissioner of Building
Control may, by notice served on the owner of a building to which this
Part applies, require the building to be inspected.
[4/99]
(2) In relation to any building to which this Part applies, a notice

under subsection (1) may be made —
(a) where the building (other than a special building) is used
other than solely for residential purposes — after the fifth
year commencing from the date the first temporary
occupation permit or first certificate of statutory
completion was issued in respect of the building,
whichever was issued earlier, and thereafter at intervals of
not less than 5 years from the date of the last notice under this
section; or
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
(b) where the building is a special building or is used solely for

residential purposes — after the tenth year commencing from
the date the first temporary occupation permit or first
certificate of statutory completion was issued in respect of
the building, whichever was issued earlier, and thereafter at
intervals of not less than 10 years from the date of the last
notice under this section.
[18/95]
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
(3) Every owner of a building to which this Part applies shall, on

receipt of a notice under subsection (1), cause the building to be
inspected within the period specified in the notice and in the
prescribed manner by a structural engineer appointed by the owner.
[18/95]
(4) Where a building comprising 2 or more flats is not subdivided

and there are subsisting leases for those flats registered under the
Registration of Deeds Act (Cap. 269) or the Land Titles Act
(Cap. 157), the owners of those flats shall, on receipt of a notice

under subsection (1), jointly appoint a structural engineer to inspect

the building within such time as may be specified in the notice and in
the prescribed manner.
[18/95]
(5) The structural engineer who is appointed by the owner of a

building to carry out an inspection of a building under this section
shall be entitled at all reasonable times to full and free access to the
building and any part thereof he is required to inspect.
[18/95]
(5A) Any person who hinders, obstructs or delays the structural

engineer in the performance of his duty under subsection (5) shall be
guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not
exceeding $5,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further
fine not exceeding $500 for every day during which the offence
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(6) A structural engineer appointed to carry out an inspection of a

building under this section shall —
(a) carry out the inspection in the prescribed manner;
(b) on completion of the inspection, prepare and sign a report of
the result of the inspection; and
(c) serve a copy of the report on the Commissioner of Building
Control within such period as the Commissioner of Building
Control may specify in the notice under subsection (1).
[18/95; 4/99]
(7) Where the report of the result of the inspection of a building

prepared under subsection (6)(b) contains any measure or other
building works recommended by the structural engineer to be carried
out to ensure the structural stability or integrity of the building, the
owner of the building shall, within such period and subject to such
conditions as may be specified by the Commissioner of Building
Control, carry out such measure or building works as is recommended
by the structural engineer in the report.
[18/95; 4/99]
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]

(8) Any owner of a building who contravenes or fails to comply
with a notice under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and
shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(9) Any owner of a building who fails to comply with

subsection (3), (4) or (7) within the period specified in the notice
under subsection (1) or within the period specified under
subsection (7), as the case may be, shall be guilty of an offence and
imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both, and in
respect of a continuing contravention, to an additional fine not
exceeding $500 for each day or part thereof during which the
contravention continues, and if the contravention continues after the
conviction, the person shall be guilty of a further offence and shall be
liable on conviction of this further offence to a further fine not
exceeding $2,000 for every day or part thereof during which the
contravention continues after conviction.
[18/95]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(10) Any structural engineer who contravenes or fails to comply

with subsection (6)(a), (b) or (c) shall be guilty of an offence and shall
be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(11) The Minister may, by order, provide for the application of this
section with such adaptations or modifications as may be specified
therein to buildings in respect of which no certificate of fitness for
occupation has been issued under regulations made under the repealed
Act.
Independence of structural engineers

29.—(1) A structural engineer shall not be appointed by the
Commissioner of Building Control or owner of a building for the
purpose of carrying out an inspection of a building under section 28 if
the structural engineer has any professional or financial interest in the
building.
[4/99]

(2) A structural engineer shall be regarded as having a professional

or financial interest in any building if —
(a) he is or has been responsible for the design or construction of
the building or any of the building works in any capacity
building which —
(b) he or any nominee of his is a member, officer or employee of
a company or other body which has a professional or
financial interest in the building or any part thereof;
(c) he is a partner or is in the employment of a person who has a
professional or financial interest in the building or any part
thereof; or
(d) he holds any interest in the building or any part thereof.
[18/95]
(3) For the purposes of this section —

(a) a person shall be treated as having a professional or financial
interest in the building even if he has that interest only as
trustee for the benefit of some other person; and
(b) in the case of married people living together, the interest of
one spouse shall, if known to the other be deemed to be also
an interest of the other.
(4) For the purposes of this section —
(a) involvement in the inspection of a building under section 28;
and
(b) entitlement to any fee paid for carrying out any inspection
under section 28,
shall not be regarded as constituting a professional or financial
interest.

(5) The Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, exempt from
subsection (1) any building or building works owned by or to be
carried out for —
(a) the Housing and Development Board;
(b) the Land Transport Authority of Singapore; or
(c) any other public authority constituted by any written law.
[18/95]
PART VA
LICENSING OF BUILDERS
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]

29A.—(1) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —
“builder” means a general builder or a specialist builder;
“building works” means any building works to which Part II
applies;
“Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Building Control
and includes such other person as the Commissioner generally
or specially authorises under section 3(2);
“corporation” shall not include a limited liability partnership;
“minor specialist building works” means the following specialist
building works:
(a) all specialist building works associated with minor
building works;
(b) structural steelwork comprising fabrication and
erection work for structures with a cantilever length
of not more than 3 metres, a clear span of less than 6
metres and a plan area not exceeding 150 square
metres;
(c) pre-cast concrete work comprising casting of pre-cast
reinforced concrete slabs or planks on site; and

(d) such other specialist building works as the Minister

may, by notification in the Gazette, declare to be minor
specialist building works;
[30/2008 wef 17/12/2008]
“partnership” includes a limited liability partnership;

“prescribed” means prescribed in the regulations made under
section 29L.
(2) For the purposes of this Part —
(a) a person carries on the business of a general builder if the
person carries out, or undertakes to carry out, (whether
exclusively or in conjunction with any other business)
general building works for or on behalf of another person
for a fixed sum, percentage, or valuable consideration, or
reward other than wages, but not if the person carries out, or
undertakes to carry out, general building works only as a
sub‑contractor;
(b) a person carries on the business of a specialist builder if the
person carries out, or undertakes to carry out, (whether
exclusively or in conjunction with any other business) any
specialist building works for or on behalf of another person
for a fixed sum, percentage, or valuable consideration, or
reward other than wages;
(c) a person carries out general building works or specialist
building works whether that person carries it out personally,
or directly or indirectly causes it to be carried out; and
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(d) a person shall be deemed to carry on the business of a general

builder or specialist builder if he carries out general building
works or specialist building works, as the case may be, on or
in respect of a building for himself.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) [Deleted by Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

(3) For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Part shall prohibit or
prevent —

(a) any person not licensed under this Part from carrying out any
building works to which Part II does not apply;
(b) any site supervisor or team of site supervisors appointed
under section 10 from carrying on any activity solely for the
purpose of that section; or
(c) a qualified person, or any person under the direction or
supervision of such a qualified person, from carrying on any
activity within the practice of architecture or professional
engineering which the qualified person is authorised to carry
on under any written law other than this Act.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Prohibition against unlicensed builders

29B.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall —
(a) advertise or hold himself out or conduct himself in any way
or by any means as a person who is authorised to carry on the
business of a general builder or a specialist builder in
Singapore; or
(b) assume, take or use (either alone or in combination with any
other word, letter or device) the name or title of “licensed
general builder” or, as the case may be, “licensed specialist
builder”, or any name, title or description calculated to lead
others to believe he is so licensed, or by words or conduct
hold himself out as being so licensed,
unless he is in possession of a general builder’s licence and a specialist
builder’s licence, respectively.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall —
(a) carry on the business of a general builder in Singapore unless
he is in possession of a general builder’s licence;
(b) carry on a business carrying out, or undertaking to carry out,
(whether exclusively or in conjunction with any other
business) general building works and minor specialist
building works or minor specialist building works only,
unless he is in possession of a general builder’s licence; or

(c) carry on the business of a specialist builder in Singapore

unless he is in possession of a specialist builder’s licence.
(3) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty
of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to —
(a) a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding 12 months or to both;
(b) a further fine not exceeding $500 for each day or part thereof
the person fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with
the requirements of that subsection; and
(c) in the case of a continuing offence after conviction, to a
further fine not exceeding $1,000 for every day or part
thereof during which the offence continues after conviction.
(4) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person who carries out
any general building works or specialist building works in
contravention of subsection (2) shall not be entitled to recover in
any court any charge, fee or remuneration for the general building
works or specialist building works so carried out.
(5) Nothing in this section shall apply to prevent a corporation or
limited liability partnership that ceases to have in force a builder’s
licence from carrying on any activity necessary to the winding up of
the corporation or limited liability partnership.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Classes of builder’s licences

29C.—(1) A licence may be granted under this Part to a builder
authorising the builder —
(a) to carry on the business of a general builder generally, known
as a Class 1 general builder’s licence;
(b) to carry on the business of a general builder restricted to
contracts or engagements for an estimated final price each of
not more than $3 million, or such other amount as the
Minister may by order in the Gazette specify in lieu thereof,
known as a Class 2 general builder’s licence; or
[30/2008 wef 17/12/2008]

(c) to carry on the business of a specialist builder specified
therein, known as a specialist builder’s licence of that class.
(2) In this section, any reference to the estimated final price in
relation to any building works shall be a reference to the total fee
chargeable at practical completion for the building works, including
any goods and services tax payable in relation to the supply of the
work, and —
(a) where a number of distinct contracts or engagements to
perform building works are entered into in connection with
the same building by the same person, the estimated final
price shall be the moneys payable in respect of the
performance of all the contracts or engagements in the
aggregate, notwithstanding that some or all of such contracts
or engagements taken severally do not exceed the sum
specified in subsection (1)(b); and
(b) in any case where the Commissioner is satisfied that the
contracts or engagements are substantially in respect of the
same undertaking or that they were entered into with a view
to evading the provisions of this Act, the estimated final price
shall be the moneys payable in respect of the performance of
such of the contracts or engagements in the aggregate as the
Commissioner shall determine.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Register of licensed builders

29D.—(1) The Commissioner shall keep a register of builders in
which shall be entered the names of all persons licensed under this
Part as general builders or specialist builders, and such other
particulars in relation thereto as may from time to time be prescribed.
(2) A person may, on payment of the prescribed fee, if any —
(a) inspect the register of builders during the ordinary hours of
business of the Commissioner; or
(b) obtain from the Commissioner a certificate as to the licence
or non-licence of a named person on a specified date or
during a specified period.

(3) A certificate purporting to be signed by the Commissioner

certifying that a person was or was not licensed under this Part on a
specified date or during a specified period is admissible in any
proceedings as evidence of the matters stated in the certificate.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Application for builder’s licence

29E.—(1) An application for a builder’s licence shall be made to the
Commissioner in the prescribed manner and accompanied by the
appropriate application fee as may be prescribed.
(2) An applicant for a builder’s licence shall, at the request of the
Commissioner, provide any further information or evidence that the
Commissioner may require to decide the application.
(3) Subject to sections 29F and 29G, upon receiving an application
for a builder’s licence under subsection (1), the Commissioner shall
consider the application and may —
(a) where the application is for a general builder’s licence —
(i) grant a Class 1 or Class 2 builder’s licence, with or
without conditions; or
(ii) refuse to grant any such licence; or
(b) where the application is for a specialist builder’s licence —
(i) grant a specialist builder’s licence for the appropriate
class of specialist building works, with or without
conditions; or
(ii) refuse to grant any such licence.
(4) In deciding whether to grant a licence, the Commissioner may
make inquiries and investigations that are reasonable and appropriate
in the circumstances so as to be satisfied as to —
(a) the good character of the applicant or, if the applicant is a
corporation or partnership, the general character of the
management of the corporation or of the partners, as the case
may be;
(b) the financial condition of the applicant; and

(c) whether the public interest will be served by the granting of
the licence,
including —
(i) seeking confirmation about the experience of applicants
through site inspections and referee checks; and
(ii) carrying out checks with the Commissioner for Workplace
Safety and Health appointed under section 7 of the
Workplace Safety and Health Act (Cap. 354A) and the
Official Assignee.
(5) The Commissioner may refuse to grant a licence under this
section to any corporation or partnership if, in the opinion of the
Commissioner, the past conduct of any director, manager or employee
of the corporation or any partner, manager or employee of the
partnership affords reasonable grounds for believing that the
corporation or partnership, as the case may be, will not carry on the
business of a general builder or specialist builder in accordance with
any written law and with honesty and integrity.
(6) Every builder’s licence shall, unless earlier revoked, be valid for
such period as may be specified therein (being not longer than
3 years), and upon its expiry, the licence may be renewed.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Who may be licensed as general builder

29F.—(1) Subject to subsections (2), (4) and (5), a natural person
who applies for a general builder’s licence shall be eligible to be
granted such a licence if, and only if —
(a) he has paid the prescribed fees for such licence;
(b) he satisfies the Commissioner that he is a person of good
character, and that he intends to carry on business on his own
account;
(c) he —
(i) has completed the prescribed course of training and
has the prescribed practical experience (whether in
Singapore or elsewhere) in the work of a general
builder or as a supervisor of general building works; or

(ii) although not having complied with the requirements of

sub‑paragraph (i), satisfies the Commissioner that he
has nevertheless had such practical experience in the
work of a general builder or as a supervisor of general
building works, as to render him, in the opinion of the
Commissioner, competent to carry on the business of a
general builder in Singapore; and
(d) he satisfies the Commissioner that the execution and
performance of any general building works in Singapore
that he undertakes shall be under —
(i) his personal supervision; or
(ii) the personal supervision of at least one of his
employees, being an employee who satisfies the
Commissioner that the employee has the prescribed
qualifications and prescribed practical experience.
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]
(2) Where a natural person applies for a general builder’s licence in

partnership with another natural person or other natural persons, the
partnership shall, subject to subsections (4) and (5), be eligible to be
granted such a licence if, and only if —
(a) at least one partner satisfies the Commissioner that he meets
the requirements of subsection (1);
(b) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the
management of the business of the partnership in so far it
relates to general building works in Singapore shall at all
times be under the charge and direction of a partner of the
partnership who —
(i) has the prescribed qualifications and prescribed
practical experience; or
(ii) although not having the prescribed qualifications and
prescribed practical experience, satisfies the
Commissioner that he has nevertheless had such
practical experience as to render him, in the opinion
of the Commissioner, competent to manage the
business of a general builder in Singapore; and

(c) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the execution
and performance of any general building works in Singapore
undertaken by the partnership shall be under the personal
supervision of —
(i) at least one partner of the partnership; or
(ii) at least one of its employees, being a person employed
in such a manner and with such similar duties and
responsibilities as a partner,
who satisfies the Commissioner that he has the prescribed
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]
(3) Subject to subsection (4), a corporation which applies for a

general builder’s licence, shall be eligible to be granted such a licence
if, and only if —
(a) it has paid the prescribed fees for such licence;
(b) it is neither a company limited by guarantee nor a corporation
sole;
(c) the paid-up capital of the corporation is —
(i) not less than $25,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign
currency) where it is applying for a Class 2 general
builder’s licence; or
(ii) not less than $300,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign
currency) where it is applying for a Class 1 general
builder’s licence;
(d) it satisfies the Commissioner that it is duly authorised to
carry on the business of a general builder;
(da) the corporation is accredited or registered with a prescribed
professional or technical body or organisation;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) it further satisfies the Commissioner that the management of

the business of the corporation in so far it relates to general
building works in Singapore shall at all times be under the
charge and direction of a director of the corporation, or a
member of the board of management of the corporation, or

an employee (being a person employed in such a manner and

with such similar duties and responsibilities of a director or
member of its board of management) who —
practical experience as to render him, in the opinion
of the Commissioner, competent to manage the
business of a general builder in Singapore; and
(f) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the execution
and performance of any general building works in Singapore
undertaken by the corporation shall be under the personal
supervision of —
(i) at least one director of the corporation or a member of
its board of management; or
responsibilities as a director or member of its board of
management,
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]
(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), (2) or (3), the Commissioner

may require an applicant under that subsection to satisfy him that the
applicant has sufficient material and financial resources available to
enable the applicant to meet his or its financial obligations as and
when they become due, and may refuse to grant a licence to an
applicant who fails to so satisfy him.
(5) No natural person and no partnership shall be eligible for a Class
1 general builder’s licence.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]

Who may be licensed as specialist builder
29G.—(1) Any natural person who applies for a licence to be a
specialist builder for any class of specialist building works shall,
subject to subsection (4), be eligible to be granted such a specialist
builder’s licence if, and only if —
(a) he has paid the prescribed fees for such licence;
(b) he satisfies the Commissioner that he is a person of good
character, and that he intends to carry on business on his own
account;
(c) he —
(i) has completed the prescribed course of training and
has the prescribed practical experience (whether in
Singapore or elsewhere) in the work of a specialist
builder for that class of specialist building works or as
a supervisor of such specialist building works for a
specialist builder’s licence of that class; or
(ii) although not having complied with the requirements of
sub‑paragraph (i), satisfies the Commissioner that he
has nevertheless had such practical experience in the
work of a specialist builder for that class of specialist
building works or as a supervisor of such specialist
building works as to render him, in the opinion of the
Commissioner, competent to carry on the business of a
specialist builder of that class in Singapore; and
(d) he satisfies the Commissioner that the execution and
performance of any specialist building works in Singapore
that he undertakes shall be under —
(i) his personal supervision; or
(ii) the personal supervision of at least one of his
employees, being an employee who satisfies the
Commissioner that the employee has the prescribed
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]

(2) Where a natural person applies in partnership with another

natural person or other natural persons for a specialist builder’s licence
for any class of specialist building works, the partnership shall, subject
to subsection (4), be eligible to be granted such a specialist builder’s
licence if, and only if —
(a) at least one partner satisfies the Commissioner that he meets
the requirements of subsection (1);
(b) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the
management of the business of the partnership in so far it
relates to specialist building works of that class in Singapore
shall at all times be under the charge and direction of a
partner of the partnership who —
practical experience for that class of specialist
building works as to render him, in the opinion of
the Commissioner, competent to manage the business
of a specialist builder in Singapore for that class of
specialist building works; and
(c) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the execution
and performance of that class of specialist building works in
Singapore undertaken by the partnership shall be under the
personal supervision of —
(i) at least one partner of the partnership; or
responsibilities as a partner,
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]

(3) Subject to subsection (4), a corporation which applies for a
specialist builder’s licence for any class of specialist building works,
shall be eligible to be granted such a licence if, and only if —
(a) it has paid the prescribed fees for such licence;
(b) it is neither a company limited by guarantee nor a corporation
sole;
(c) the paid-up capital of the corporation is not less than $25,000
(or its equivalent in a foreign currency);
(d) it satisfies the Commissioner that it is duly authorised to
carry on the business of a specialist builder;
(da) the corporation is accredited or registered with a prescribed
professional or technical body or organisation;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(e) it further satisfies the Commissioner that the management of

the business of the corporation in so far it relates to specialist
building works of that class in Singapore shall at all times be
under the charge and direction of a director of the
corporation, or a member of the board of management of
the corporation, or an employee (being a person employed in
such a manner and with such similar duties and
responsibilities of a director or member of its board of
management) who —
practical experience for that class of specialist
building works as to render him, in the opinion of
the Commissioner, competent to manage the business
of a specialist builder in Singapore for that class of
specialist building works; and
(f) the applicant satisfies the Commissioner that the execution
and performance of that class of specialist building works in

Singapore undertaken by the corporation shall be under the

personal supervision of —
(i) at least one director of the corporation or a member of
its board of management; or
responsibilities as a director or member of its board of
management,
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]
(4) Notwithstanding subsection (1), (2) or (3), the Commissioner

may require an applicant under that subsection to satisfy him that the
applicant has sufficient material and financial resources available to
enable the applicant to meet his or its financial obligations as and
when they become due, and may refuse to grant a licence to an
applicant who fails to so satisfy him.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Conditions of builder’s licence relating to construction

personnel
29H.—(1) From the appointed day, it shall be a condition of every
Class 1 general builder’s licence (whether granted before the
appointed day or otherwise) that the builder holding that licence —
(a) shall lodge with the Commissioner a manpower programme
that satisfies the requirements in subsection (2) in respect of
each significant general building work project to be
undertaken in Singapore by the builder on or after that
appointed day; and
(b) shall, at all times when carrying on the general building
works in connection with that significant general building
work project, take all practicable steps to ensure that the
registered construction personnel employed by or on the
licensed general builder’s behalf or engaged in connection
with that significant general building work project comply

with the manpower programme lodged under paragraph (a)
in respect of that significant general building work project.
(2) A manpower programme in respect of any particular significant
general building work project shall be a program or scheme specifying
all or any of the following:
(a) the number (which shall not be less than the number
prescribed) of different classes of registered construction
personnel to be employed by or on behalf of the licensed
general builder or to be engaged in connection with that
significant general building work project;
(b) the proportion (which shall not be less than the proportion
prescribed) of different classes of registered construction
personnel to be employed by or on behalf of the licensed
general builder or to be engaged in connection with that
significant general building work project.
(3) If there is any change in the number or proportion of registered
construction personnel —
(a) specified in a manpower programme lodged by a licensed
general builder under subsection (1)(a) in respect of any
particular significant building work project; or
(b) employed by or on behalf of the licensed general builder or to
be engaged in connection with that particular significant
building work project,
the licensed general builder shall notify the Commissioner of the
change within 7 days after that change.
(4) In this section, “take all practicable steps”, in relation to any
result in any circumstances, means taking all steps to achieve the
result that it is reasonably practicable to take in the circumstances; and
for the avoidance of doubt, a person required by this section to take all
practicable steps is required to take those steps only in respect of
circumstances that the person knows or ought reasonably to know
about.

(5) In this section, unless the context otherwise requires —

“appointed day” means such day as the Minister may, by
notification in the Gazette, specify to be the appointed day for
the purposes of this section;
“construction foreman” means a natural person who carries out,
or undertakes to carry out, for or on behalf of another person
for a fixed sum, percentage, or valuable consideration, wages
or other reward, the supervision and co-ordination of
construction tradesmen or other workman in any prescribed
class of work connected with any building works, and a
construction foreman shall be classified according to the class
of work he so supervises for reward;
“construction personnel” means any natural person who is —
(a) a construction foreman of any class;
(b) a construction supervisor of any class; or
(c) a construction tradesman of any class;
“construction supervisor” means a natural person, not being a
builder, who oversees the execution or performance of
building works for or on behalf of another person for a
fixed sum, percentage, or valuable consideration, wages or
other reward, but does not include a construction foreman or
other person employed in a like or less responsible capacity;
“construction tradesman” means a natural person, not being a
builder, who carries out, or undertakes to carry out, for or on
behalf of another person, for a fixed sum, percentage, or
valuable consideration, wages or other reward, any prescribed
class of work connected with any building works, and a
construction tradesman shall be classified according to the
class of work he so carries out for reward;
“engaged” means engaged under a contract of service or a
contract for services;
“registered” means registered with the Building and
Construction Authority;

“significant general building work project” means any building
works the value of which is $10 million or such other amount
as the Minister may, by order in the Gazette, specify in lieu
thereof, or more.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
[30/2008 wef 17/02/2008]
Other conditions of builder’s licence

29I.—(1) It shall be a condition of every Class 2 builder’s licence
that the licensed builder holding such a licence shall not enter into any
contract or engagement to carry out general building works for an
estimated final price which exceeds the amount specified under
section 29C(1)(b).
(2) Where any general building works or specialist building works
are carried out by a licensed builder who is a natural person, that
person shall ensure that —
(a) the execution and performance of the general building works
or specialist building works, as the case may be, shall be
personally supervised —
(i) by himself; or
(ii) by at least one of his employees who is employed to
manage and supervise those building works
undertaken and who has the prescribed qualifications
and prescribed practical experience referred to in
section 29F(1)(d)(ii) or 29G(1)(d)(ii), as the case
may be; and
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]
(b) the name of that licensed builder or employee shall appear in

any sign affixed or erected on the site where the general
building works or specialist building works are carried out.
are carried out by a licensed builder which is a partnership, the
partners thereof shall ensure that the execution and performance of the
general building works or specialist building works, as the case may
be, shall be personally supervised by —

(a) at least one partner of the partnership; or

(b) at least one of its employees who is employed in such a
manner and with such similar duties and responsibilities as a
partner,
who has the prescribed qualifications and prescribed practical
experience referred to in section 29F(2)(c) or 29G(2)(c), as the case
may be.
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]

are carried out by a licensed builder which is a corporation, the
corporation shall ensure that the execution and performance of the
general building works or specialist building works, as the case may
be, shall be personally supervised by —
(a) at least one director of the corporation or a member of its
board of management; or
(b) at least one of its employees who is employed in such a
manner and with such similar duties and responsibilities as a
director or member of its board of management,
who has the prescribed qualifications and prescribed practical
experience referred to in section 29F(3)(f) or 29G(3)(f), as the case
may be.
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]
(5) It shall be a condition of every builder’s licence granted to a

partnership or a corporation that the management of the business of
the partnership or corporation in so far it relates to general building
works or specialist building works, as the case may be, shall at all
times be under the charge and direction of —
(a) a partner in the case of the partnership; or
(b) in the case of a corporation, a director or a member of the
board of management of the corporation or an employee of
the corporation who is employed in such a manner and with
such similar duties and responsibilities as a director or
member of its board of management,
who satisfies the Commissioner that he meets the requirements of
section 29F(2)(b) or (3)(e) or 29G(2)(b) or (3)(e), as the case may be.

(6) Without prejudice to subsections (1) to (5), the Commissioner
may grant a builder’s licence subject to such other conditions as the
Commissioner thinks fit and may at any time vary any existing
conditions (other than those specified in subsections (1) to (5)) of such
a licence or impose additional conditions thereto.
(7) Before making any modification to the conditions of a builder’s
licence under this section, the Commissioner shall give notice to the
licensed builder concerned —
(a) stating that he proposes to make the modification in the
manner specified in the notice; and
(b) specifying the time (being not less than 14 days from the date
of service of notice on the licensed builder concerned) within
which written representations with respect to the proposed
modification may be made.
(8) Upon receipt of any written representation referred to in
subsection (7)(b), the Commissioner shall consider the
representation and may reject the representation or amend the
proposed modification in accordance with the representation, or
otherwise and, in either event, shall thereupon issue a direction in
writing to the licensed builder concerned requiring that effect be given
to the proposed modification specified in the notice or to such
modification as subsequently amended by the Commissioner within a
reasonable time.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Revocation of licences, etc.

29J.—(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Commissioner may by
order revoke any general builder’s licence or specialist builder’s
licence if he is satisfied that —
(a) the licensed builder fails to comply with any of the relevant
requirements of section 29H(1) or (3) or 29I (1) or (5), as the
case may be;
(b) the licensed builder has failed to comply with any condition
imposed by the Commissioner under section 29I(6);

(c) for a period exceeding 28 days —

(i) the licensed builder ceases to, or ceases to have any
employee thereof referred to in section 29I(2),
personally supervise the execution and performance
of any general building works or specialist building
works in Singapore undertaken by the licensed
builder; or
(ii) where the licensed builder is a partnership or a
corporation, it ceases to have any director, manager
or employee of the corporation, or any partner or
employee of the partnership, as the case may be,
referred to in section 29I(3) or (4) personally supervise
the execution and performance of any general building
works or specialist building works in Singapore
undertaken by the licensed builder;
(d) the licence had been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation;
(e) the licensed builder has ceased to carry on business as a
general builder or specialist builder, as the case may be, in
Singapore;
(f) the licensed builder has been declared bankrupt or has gone
into compulsory or voluntary liquidation other than for the
purpose of amalgamation or reconstruction;
(g) the licensed builder has been convicted of an offence under
this Act;
(h) the conduct of any director, manager or employee of the
corporation, or any partner or employee of the partnership,
that is a licensed builder affords grounds for believing that
the corporation or partnership, as the case may be, will not
carry on the business of a general builder or specialist
builder, as the case may be, in Singapore in accordance with
any written law and with honesty and integrity;
(i) the public interest or national security of Singapore so
requires; or

(j) the licensed builder has refused or failed to comply with an
order of the Commissioner made under subsection (2)(b)
or (d).
(2) The Commissioner may, in any case in which he considers that
no cause of sufficient gravity for revoking any general builder’s
licence or specialist builder’s licence exists, by order —
(a) suspend the licence for a period not exceeding 6 months;
(b) impose on the builder concerned a financial penalty not
exceeding $20,000;
(c) censure the builder concerned; or
(d) impose such other direction or restriction as the
Commissioner considers appropriate on the builder’s
business as a general builder or specialist builder, as the
case may be.
(3) The Commissioner shall not exercise his powers under
subsection (1) or (2) unless an opportunity of being heard by a
representative in writing or by counsel had been given to the licensed
builder against which the Commissioner intends to exercise its
powers, being a period of not more than 14 days.
(4) Where the Commissioner has revoked a builder’s licence under
this section, he shall serve on the builder concerned a notice of his
order made under this section.
(5) Any order by the Commissioner revoking or suspending a
licence, or imposing a financial penalty, direction or restriction shall
not take effect until the expiration of 14 days after the Commissioner
has served the order on the builder concerned.
(6) Where the builder concerned has appealed under section 29K to
the Minister against an order by the Commissioner under this section,
the order shall not take effect unless the order is confirmed by the
Minister or the appeal is for any reason dismissed by the Minister or
withdrawn.
(7) Where an order of revocation becomes effective —
(a) the Commissioner shall cause notice of the revocation to be
published in the Gazette; and

(b) the builder concerned shall, as from the date of the notice,
cease to carry on business as a general builder or specialist
builder, as the case may be, in Singapore except as may be
approved by the Commissioner.
(8) Subsection (7)(b) shall not prejudice the enforcement by any
person of any right or claim against the corporation, partnership or
limited liability partnership or by the corporation, partnership or
limited liability partnership of any right or claim against any person.
(9) In any proceedings under this section in relation to the
conviction of licensed builder for a criminal offence, the
Commissioner shall accept the builder’s conviction as final and
conclusive.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Appeal to Minister
29K.—(1) Any person whose application for a builder’s licence or
for the renewal of a builder’s licence has been refused by the
Commissioner may, within 14 days after being notified of such
refusal, appeal in the prescribed manner to the Minister whose
decision shall be final.
(2) Where a builder’s licence is granted by the Commissioner
subject to conditions (other than those specified in section 29H or
29I), the builder concerned may, within 14 days after being notified of
such conditions, appeal in the prescribed manner to the Minister
whose decision shall be final.
(3) If the Commissioner has made —
(a) an order of revocation or suspension of a licence under
section 29J; or
(b) an order imposing any pecuniary penalty on, or a direction or
restriction on the business of a licensed corporation,
partnership or limited liability partnership under
section 29J(2),
the person whose licence is revoked or suspended, on whom such a
penalty, direction or restriction is imposed, as the case may be, may,
within 14 days after being served with the notice of the order, appeal

to the Minister against the order, and the decision of the Minister shall
be final.
(4) In any appeal under this section in relation to the conviction of a
licensed builder for a criminal offence, the Minister on appeal from
any order of the Commissioner shall accept the builder’s conviction as
final and conclusive.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Power of Minister to make regulations

29L. The Minister may make regulations for giving effect to the
provisions of this Part and for the due administration thereof, and, in
particular, for or with respect to all or any of the following matters:
(a) prescribing the form and procedure for applications for
builder’s licences;
(b) varying the minimum paid-up capital of a corporation
specified in section 29F(3)(c) or 29G(3)(c) in connection
with applications for a general builder’s licence or specialist
builder’s licence;
(c) prescribing the different classes of construction tradesmen
and construction foremen for the purposes of section 29H;
(d) prescribing offences in respect of the contravention of any
regulations made under this section, and prescribing fines,
not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment which may not
exceed 12 months or both, that may, on conviction, be
imposed in respect of any such offence;
(e) prescribing any matter which is required under this Part to be
prescribed.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
Savings and transitional provision

29M. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Part, any person who,
immediately before the commencement of section 9 of the Building
Control (Amendment) Act 2007, is carrying on the business of a
general builder or specialist builder in Singapore shall be entitled to
continue doing so for a period of 6 months from that date, and if before
the expiry of that period a licence is applied for under this Part, that

person shall be entitled to continue carrying on the business of a

general builder or specialist builder, as the case may be, until —
(a) the date on which a general builder’s licence or specialist
builder’s licence under this Part is issued; or
(b) the application for a licence under this Part is refused or
withdrawn.
[47/2007 wef 16/12/2008]
PART VI
MISCELLANEOUS
Exemption
30. The Minister may by order, either generally or in any particular
case, and subject to such conditions as he may impose, exempt any
person, premises or building or any building works from all or any of
the provisions of this Act or any subsidiary legislation made
thereunder.
[31
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Offences by bodies corporate, etc.

31.—(1) Where an offence under this Act or any subsidiary
legislation made thereunder has been committed by a body
corporate, every officer of the body corporate shall also be guilty of
the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished
accordingly unless the officer proves that —
(a) the offence was committed without the consent or
connivance of the officer; and
(b) the offence was not attributable to any neglect on his part.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2) Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its

members, subsection (1) shall apply in relation to the acts and defaults
of a member in connection with his functions of management as if he
were a director of the body corporate.

(3) Where an offence under this Act or any subsidiary legislation
made thereunder has been committed by a partnership, each partner of
the partnership shall also be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to
be proceeded against and punished accordingly unless the partner
proves that —
connivance of the partner; and
(b) the offence was not attributable to any neglect on his part.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(4) Where an offence under this Act or any subsidiary legislation

made thereunder has been committed by an unincorporated
association (other than a partnership), every officer of the
unincorporated association and every member of its governing body
shall also be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded
against and punished accordingly unless the officer or member, as the
case may be, proves that —
connivance of the officer of the unincorporated association
or member of its governing body, as the case may be; and
(b) the offence was not attributable to any neglect on the part of
that officer or member.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(5) In this section —

“body corporate” includes a limited liability partnership;
“officer” —
(a) in relation to a body corporate, means any director,
partner, member of the committee of management,
Chief Executive, manager, secretary or other similar
officer of the body corporate and includes any person
purporting to act in any such capacity; or
(b) in relation to an unincorporated association (other than
a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or
any member of the committee of the unincorporated
association, or any person holding a position analogous
to that of president, secretary or member of a committee

and includes any person purporting to act in any such

capacity;
“partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner.
(6) The Minister may make regulations providing for the application
of any provision of this section, with such modifications as the
Minister considers appropriate, to any body corporate or
unincorporated association formed or recognised under the law of a
territory outside Singapore.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Protection from liability

32.—(1) No liability shall lie against any public officer by reason of
the fact that any building works are carried out in accordance with the
provisions of this Act or that such building works or plans of the
building works are subject to inspection or approval by the
Commissioner of Building Control or the public officer.
[4/99]
[Act 2 of 2012 wef 01/03/2012]
(2) Nothing in this Act shall make it obligatory for the

Commissioner of Building Control to inspect any building or
building works or the site of any proposed building to ascertain
whether the provisions of this Act are complied with or whether any
plans, certificates, notices or other documents submitted to him are
accurate.
[4/99]
(3) No matter or thing done by the Commissioner of Building

Control or by any public officer shall, if it were done bona fide for the
purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act, subject the
Commissioner of Building Control or the public officer personally to
any action, liability, claim or demand.
[4/99]
(4) Where the Commissioner of Building Control provides any

information to any person in respect of any building or building works
by electronic or other means, neither the Government, the
Commissioner of Building Control nor any public officer shall be
liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person by reason of any
error or omission of whatever nature or howsoever caused, including

any defect or breakdown in the electronic equipment used for
providing the information, if such error or omission is made in good
faith and in the ordinary course of duties of the Commissioner of
Building Control or public officer.
[33
[18/95; 4/99]
Power to enter premises

33.—(1) The Commissioner of Building Control or any person
appointed by him for this purpose may enter any premises at all
reasonable hours for the purpose of —
(a) ascertaining whether there is, or has been, on or in
connection with the premises, a contravention of this Act
or any subsidiary legislation made thereunder;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) ascertaining whether circumstances exist that would

authorise the Commissioner of Building Control or any
person appointed by him for this purpose to take any action
or execute any work under this Act or any subsidiary
legislation made thereunder;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(c) taking any action or carrying out any work, authorised or

required by this Act or any subsidiary legislation made
thereunder; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(d) inspecting the documents, books or records kept and

maintained by a qualified person or builder under
section 9(4) or 11(1)(c), respectively.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
(1A) For the purposes of subsection (1), the Commissioner of

Building Control or a person appointed under subsection (1) may take
such steps as he may consider necessary, including the making of
openings and the taking without payment of reasonable samples of
building materials for analysis.
[4/99]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

(2) The results of any analysis of a sample of building materials

taken under subsection (1A) shall not be admissible as evidence in any
proceedings under this Act or the building regulations unless the
samples were taken in the prescribed manner.
(3) A certificate of the results of an analysis of a part of a sample
taken under subsection (1A) shall be signed by the analyst but the
analysis may be made by a person acting under the direction of the
analyst.
(4) For the purposes of any inspection under subsection (1)(d), the
qualified person or builder concerned shall afford the Commissioner
of Building Control or a person appointed under subsection (1) access
to and shall produce the documents, books or records and shall give
such information and facilities as may be required by the
Commissioner of Building Control or a person appointed under
subsection (1).
[4/99]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(4A) Any qualified person or builder, as the case may be, who
contravenes or fails to comply with subsection (4) shall be guilty of an
offence.
[4/99]
(5) The documents, books or records referred to in subsection (4)

shall not be required to be produced at such times or at such places as
would interfere with the proper execution of the building works.
(6) Any person who wilfully obstructs the Commissioner of
Building Control or a person appointed under subsection (1) in the
performance of any matter or thing which he is authorised to do by this
section shall be guilty of an offence.
[34
[4/99]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Presumptions and defences

34.—(1) In any proceedings instituted under this Act for the
commencement or carrying out of any building works on any
premises in contravention of the provisions of this Act or the building
regulations, the owner of the premises at the time the building works

were commenced or carried out shall be presumed, until the contrary
is proved, to be the person commencing or carrying out the building
works.
(2) Where anything is required under this Act to be done by the
owner of a building, and there is more than one owner of such
building, it shall be a defence to any prosecution for failing to do that
thing —
(a) that such thing was done by another owner of the building; or
(b) that any notice or order in respect of such thing required
under this Act to be served on the owner was served on
another owner of the building and not on the person charged.
[35
Occupier may execute work in default of owner

35.—(1) Whenever default is made by an owner of any premises in
the execution of any work required under this Act to be executed by
him, an occupier of the premises may, with the approval of the
Commissioner of Building Control, cause the work to be executed.
[4/99]
(2) The costs and expenses thereof shall be recoverable by the

occupier from the owner or the amount may be deducted out of the
rent from time to time becoming due from him to the owner.
(3) The occupier may, in the absence of any special agreement to the
contrary, retain possession of the premises until the costs and expenses
incurred by him have been fully reimbursed.
[36
Proceedings if occupier opposes execution of works

36.—(1) Where —
(a) the owner of any premises is required under any provision of
this Act or the building regulations to carry out any work or
make any provision in respect of the premises;
(b) the owner has given written notice to the occupier of the
premises of his intention to carry out the work or make such
provision; and

(c) the occupier prevents the owner from carrying out the work
or making such provision in respect of the premises,
a Magistrate’s Court, upon proof thereof and upon application by the
owner, may make an order in writing requiring the occupier to permit
the owner to execute all such work or to make such provision with
respect to the premises as may be required by the provisions of this
Act or the building regulations and may also, if the Court thinks fit,
order the occupier to pay to the owner the costs relating to the
application or order.
(2) If, after the expiration of 8 days from the date of the order, the
occupier continues to refuse to permit the owner to execute such work
or make such provision as may be required by the provisions of this
Act or the building regulations, the occupier shall be guilty of an
offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
$2,000 for every day during which he so continues to refuse.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(3) Every such owner shall, during the continuance of such refusal,
be discharged from any penalties to which he might otherwise have
become liable by reason of his default in executing the work or
making provision in respect of the premises or building.
[37
Recovery of costs and expenses payable by owners

37.—(1) All expenses incurred by the Commissioner of Building
Control in or about the execution of any work pursuant to any
provision of this Act, together with interest accruing in accordance
with subsection (3), shall be recoverable from the person who is the
owner of the premises on the date on which the works are completed.
[4/99]
(1A) As from the date of the completion of the work, the expenses
and interest accrued due thereon shall be, until recovered, a first
charge on the premises and on all estates and interests therein,
exercisable against the premises and the estates and interests therein
and all movable property or crops for the time being found thereon,
notwithstanding any change in the ownership or occupation of the
premises subsequent to that date.

(2) The Commissioner of Building Control may certify under his
hand the expenses due and the names of the persons liable therefor and
may by such certificate apportion the expenses among those persons.
[4/99]
(2A) A copy of the certificate shall be served upon each of those

persons referred to in subsection (2), but where no such persons may
be found, the certificate shall be deemed to have been duly served if a
copy thereof is posted at the office of the Commissioner of Building
Control and another copy thereof is affixed to some conspicuous part
of the premises in respect of which the expenses have been incurred.
[4/99]
(3) Interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the expiry of one
month from the date of service of a certificate under subsection (2A)
shall be recoverable as part of the expenses incurred by the
[4/99]
(4) A certificate purporting to be under the hand of the

Commissioner of Building Control and to be made under
subsection (2) and setting forth the amount claimed as due to the
Commissioner of Building Control and the persons as liable for the
payment thereof shall be prima facie evidence of the facts certified
therein and of the signature of the Commissioner of Building Control
thereto.
[4/99]
(5) If any sum or any part thereof due to the Commissioner of

Building Control under this Act remains unpaid at the expiration of
one month commencing from the date of service of the certificate
under subsection (2A), or such further period as the Commissioner of
Building Control may allow, it shall be deemed to be arrears.
[38
[4/99]
Recovery of costs and expenses by instalments

38.—(1) Where the Commissioner of Building Control has incurred
expenses in or about the execution of any work which are recoverable
from any person, the Commissioner of Building Control may either
recover such expenses in the manner provided in section 37 or, if he
thinks fit, may obtain an undertaking from the person for the payment

of such instalments as will be sufficient to defray the whole amount of

such expenses with interest thereon at a rate not exceeding 9% per
annum within a period of 10 years.
[4/99]
(2) Upon default in payment of any instalment upon the date

appointed for payment thereof by any such undertaking, the whole of
the balance then outstanding of such amount shall immediately
become due and payable and, notwithstanding any change in the
ownership or occupation of the premises since the date of the
undertaking, may be recovered by the same means and in the like
manner as provided in section 37.
[39
Power to vary interest rates

39. The Minister may, at any time by notification in the Gazette,
vary the rates of interest specified in sections 37(3) and 38(1).
[40
Liability of transferor of property in respect of expenses

incurred by Commissioner of Building Control
40.—(1) Where a person sells or transfers any premises in respect of
which expenses have been incurred by the Commissioner of Building
Control in or about the execution of any work required to be done
under this Act which are recoverable from the owner thereof, the
person shall continue to be liable for the payment of all such expenses
payable in respect of the premises and for the performance of all other
obligations imposed by this Act upon the owner of those premises
which became payable or were required to be performed prior to the
transfer.
[4/99]
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall affect the liability of the

purchaser or transferee to pay such expenses in respect of the
premises or affect the right of the Commissioner of Building Control
to recover such expenses or to enforce any obligation under this Act.
[41
[4/99]

Property and materials seized or removed by Commissioner of
Building Control
41.—(1) Any property or materials seized or removed by the
Commissioner of Building Control, in the exercise of his powers
under this Act, may be forfeited to the Government and sold or
otherwise disposed of by the Commissioner of Building Control
unless a claim is made by the person to whom the property or
materials belong within 2 weeks of the seizure or removal in which
case the property or materials may be returned to the person on such
terms and conditions as the Commissioner of Building Control may
impose.
[2/91; 4/99]
(2) Where the Commissioner of Building Control sells any property

or materials under subsection (1), the Commissioner of Building
Control shall pay on demand the proceeds of the sale to the owner to
whom the property or materials belonged after deducting the amount
of any expenses recoverable by the Commissioner of Building
Control from him.
[2/91; 18/95; 4/99]
(3) Any proceeds of the sale of property or materials under this

section not claimed within 2 years of the sale shall be paid into the
Consolidated Fund.
[42
[2/91]
Service of documents
42.—(1) Any notice, order or document required or authorised to be
served under this Act (including any subsidiary legislation made
thereunder) shall be deemed to be sufficiently served —
(a) by delivering a copy thereof personally or by leaving it with
some adult person at the last known place of abode of the
person on whom the notice, order or document is to be
served;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(b) by leaving it at the usual or last known place of abode or

business of the person on whom the notice, order or
document is to be served in a cover addressed to that

person or by posting it upon a conspicuous part of those

premises;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(c) by sending it by registered post addressed to the person on

whom the notice, order or document is to be served at his
usual or last known place of abode or business;
[2/91]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(ca) by sending it by facsimile transmission to the fax

transmission number operated at the usual or last known
address of the place of residence or business of the
individual, or the last fax number given to the
Commissioner of Building Control by the individual as the
facsimile transmission number for the service of documents
on the individual; or
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(d) in the case of an incorporated company, a partnership or a

body of persons —
(i) by delivering it to the secretary or other like officer of
the company, partnership or body of persons at its
registered office or principal place of business;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(ii) by sending it by registered post addressed to the

company, partnership or body of persons at its
registered office or principal place of business; or
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(iii) by sending it by facsimile transmission to the fax

transmission number operated at the registered office
or principal place of business of the company,
partnership or body of persons.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(1A) Any notice or document (other than an order) required or

authorised to be served under this Act (including any subsidiary
legislation made thereunder) shall, in addition to any mode of service
under subsection (1), be deemed to be sufficiently served —

(a) by sending it by ordinary post addressed to the person on
whom the notice or document is to be served at his usual or
last known place of abode or business;
(b) by electronic communication, by sending an electronic
communication of the notice or document to the last email
address given to the Commissioner of Building Control by
the individual as the email address for the service of
documents on the individual; or
(c) in the case of an incorporated company, a partnership or a
body of persons —
(i) by sending it by ordinary post addressed to the
company, partnership or body of persons at its
registered office or principal place of business; or
(ii) by electronic communication, by sending an electronic
communication of the notice or document to the last
email address given to the Commissioner of Building
Control by the company, partnership or body of
persons as the email address for the service of
documents on it.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2) Any notice, order or document required or authorised to be

served under this Act on the owner or occupier of any premises or
building shall also be deemed to be sufficiently served by delivering a
copy thereof personally to some adult person on the premises or
building or, if there is no such person to whom it can with reasonable
diligence be delivered, by affixing the notice, order or document to
some conspicuous part of the premises or building.
[2/91]
(3) Any notice, order or document required or authorised by this Act

to be served on the owner or the occupier of any premises shall be
deemed to be properly addressed if addressed by the description of the
“owner” or “occupier” of the premises without further name or
description.
(4) Any notice, order or document to be issued by the Commissioner
of Building Control under this Act or any subsidiary legislation made
thereunder may be issued in such form as the Commissioner of

Building Control may determine and every such notice, order or

document shall be valid if the signature of the Commissioner of
Building Control or any officer authorised under this Act is duly
printed or written thereon.
[18/95; 4/99]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(5) Where any notice, order or other document to be served on any

person is —
(a) sent by a facsimile transmission to the fax transmission
number operated at the last known place of residence or
business or registered office or principal place of business in
accordance with subsection (1), it shall be deemed to be duly
served on the person to whom it is addressed on the day of
transmission, subject to receipt on the sending facsimile
machine of a notification (by electronic or other means) of a
successful transmission to the place of residence or business
or registered office or principal place of business, as the case
may be;
(b) sent by registered post to any person in accordance with
subsection (1), it shall be deemed to be duly served on the
person at the time when it would, in the ordinary course of
post, be delivered, whether or not it is returned undelivered,
and in proving service of the notice, order or document, it
shall be sufficient to prove that the envelope containing the
same was properly addressed, stamped and posted by
registered post;
(c) sent by ordinary post to any person in accordance with
subsection (1A), it shall be deemed to be duly served on the
person to whom it is addressed on the day succeeding the day
on which it would, in the ordinary course of post, be
delivered; and
(d) sent by electronic communication to an email address in
accordance with subsection (1A), it shall be deemed to be
duly served on the person to whom it is addressed at the time
of entering the information system addressed to the email
address.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]

(6) Service of any notice or document under this Act on a person by
electronic communication may be effected only if the person gives as
part of his or its address for service an email address.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(7) This section shall not apply to notices, orders or documents to be

served in proceedings in court.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Inaccuracies in notices, etc.

42A.—(1) No misnomer or inaccurate description of any person,
premises, building or building works or any other thing named or
described in any notice or order issued or served under or for the
purposes of this Act or any subsidiary legislation made thereunder
shall render invalid the notice or order or affect the operation of this
Act or its subsidiary legislation if the person, premises, building or
building works or other thing named or described in the notice or
order is so designated or described as to be identifiable.
(2) No proceedings taken under or by virtue of this Act or any
subsidiary legislation made thereunder shall be rendered invalid
merely by reason of want of form, which otherwise would be valid.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Furnishing of information
43.—(1) The Commissioner of Building Control may by notice
require any person who appears to the Commissioner of Building
Control to be acquainted with the circumstances of any case which is
under investigation to furnish him within such time as may be
specified in the notice with information relating to that case in the
possession of that person.
[4/99]
(2) Any person who fails to comply with any notice under
subsection (1) or who furnishes any information which he knows or
has reason to believe is false shall be guilty of an offence.
[44
Furnishing documents false in a material particular

43A. Any person who, being required by or by virtue of this Act or
any subsidiary legislation made thereunder to make or produce to the

Commissioner of Building Control any plan, declaration, certificate,

report, record, notice or other document, or who, for the purpose of
obtaining any licence, permit, waiver or approval from the
Commissioner of Building Control under this Act or its subsidiary
legislation or for the purpose of establishing any fact relevant to the
administration of this Act or its subsidiary legislation —
(a) makes or produces any plan, declaration, certificate, report,
record, notice or other document which is false in a material
particular; or
(b) produces any plan, declaration, certificate, report, record,
notice or other document which is false in a material
particular, or has not been made by the person by whom it
purports to have been made, or has been in any way altered or
tampered with,
not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12
months or to both.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
Powers of arrest
44.—(1) A police officer may arrest without warrant any person
who has committed, or whom he reasonably suspects to have
committed, an offence under this Act or any subsidiary legislation
made thereunder —
(a) if the person declines to give his name and address; or
(b) if there is reason to doubt the accuracy of the name and
address, if given.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(2) A person arrested under this section may be detained until his
name and address are correctly ascertained except that no person so
arrested shall be detained longer than is necessary for bringing him
before a court unless the order of a court for his detention is obtained.
[45

Evidence
45.—(1) Subject to this section, the contents of any document
prepared, issued or served under, by virtue of or for the purposes of
this Act or any subsidiary legislation made thereunder shall until the
contrary is proved be presumed to be correct.
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(1A) The production of any document purporting to contain any

apportionment made under section 37(2) shall, without any other
evidence, be received as prima facie proof of the making and validity
of the apportionment mentioned therein.
(2) In any proceedings under this Act or the building regulations, a
certificate of analysis under section 33 purporting to be signed by an
analyst shall, on its production by the prosecution without proof of the
signature of the analyst, be sufficient evidence of the facts stated
therein unless the defendant requires the analyst to be called as a
witness, in which case he shall give notice thereof to the prosecution
not less than 3 clear days before the day fixed for the hearing of the
summons.
(3) All records and other documents required by this Act or any
subsidiary legislation made thereunder to be kept by the
Commissioner of Building Control shall be deemed to be public
documents, and copies thereof or extracts therefrom certified by the
officer responsible for the custody thereof to be true copies or extracts,
as the case may be, subscribed by that officer with his name and his
official title shall be admissible in evidence as proof of the contents of
the documents or extracts.
[4/99]
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(4) Where any information in respect of any building or building

works is provided by the Commissioner of Building Control by
electronic means, the production of any document under the hand of a
public officer responsible for providing such information purporting
to be a hard-copy transcript of all or any such information shall, in all
courts and in all proceedings, be sufficient evidence of the information

provided electronically and all courts shall in all proceedings take

judicial notice of the signature of the public officer.
[46
[18/95; 4/99]
Jurisdiction of Courts
46. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code
(Cap. 68), a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court shall have power to
impose the maximum penalties provided for an offence under this Act.
[47
General penalty
47. Any person who is guilty of an offence under this Act for which
no penalty is expressly provided shall be liable on conviction to a fine
not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6
months or to both.
[48
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Composition of offences
48.—(1) The Commissioner of Building Control may, in his
discretion, compound any offence under this Act or any subsidiary
legislation made thereunder which is prescribed as a compoundable
offence by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having
committed the offence a sum not exceeding —
(a) one half of the amount of the maximum fine that is prescribed
for the offence; or
(b) $5,000,
whichever is the lower.
(2) On payment of such sum of money, no further proceedings shall
be taken against that person in respect of the offence.
(3) The Minister may make regulations to prescribe the offences
which may be compounded.
(4) All sums collected under this section shall be paid to the
Building and Construction Authority.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

Regulations
49.—(1) The Minister may make regulations for carrying out the
purposes of this Act and for any matter which is required under this
Act to be prescribed.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the
Minister may make regulations for or in respect of all or any of the
following matters:
(a) the regulation or prohibition of the exhibition of advertising
signs, skysigns, aerial signs and projected advertisement in
or on any premises and the regulation of the size and
construction of those signs and advertisements;
(b) the submission of plans of building works, the authorisation
of persons qualified to submit the same and their duties and
responsibilities, and the nature or classification of plans
which each person may submit;
(c) the manner of making applications for and granting of
approval of plans of building works and permits to carry out
building works;
(ca) the establishing of objectives and performance requirements
for the design and construction of buildings;
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
(d) the structural strength and stability of buildings or proposed

buildings, including —
(i) precautions against overloading;
(ii) measures to safeguard adjacent buildings;
(iii) underpinning;
(e) the design and construction of buildings, including —
(i) the preparation of sites for building works;
(ii) exterior features;
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
(iii) [Deleted by Act 18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]

(iv) [Deleted by Act 18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]

(v) the natural lighting and ventilation of buildings;

(vi) the headroom of rooms, cubicles and staircases and
other spaces within buildings;
(vii) the suitability and use of materials and components;
(viii) environmental sustainability measures that improve
the total quality of life and minimises adverse effects to
the environment, both now and in the future;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(ea) the minimum standards of environmental sustainability for

buildings or classes or types of buildings, and the method by
which such standards may be assessed;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(eb) the manner in which an assessment of environmental

sustainability of a building or an audit of the energy
efficiency of a cooling system of a building is to be carried
out;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(ec) the qualifications required, and the application process, to be

registered as an energy auditor and the grounds on which
such registration may be cancelled or suspended;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(ed) the preparation and submission of reports, certifications or

other documents in relation to a design score, an as-built
score or an energy audit under Part IIIB;
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
(f) the demolition of buildings and the safety precautions to be

taken in respect thereof;
(fa) the reporting of dangerous occurrences (as defined in
section 25A) in premises at which building works are
carried out;
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
(g) prohibiting or regulating the occupation of buildings;

(h) the control and regulation of measures for energy
conservation in buildings;
(i) the provision of embankments and retaining walls;

(j) measures to improve efficiency and standardisation in the
construction industry relating to design, processes,
construction techniques, products and materials;
(k) the regulation of persons authorised to carry out installation
or retrofitting of any exterior feature, including prescribing
the qualifications and training of such persons, and their
duties and responsibilities in connection with installing or
retrofitting the exterior feature;
[34/2004 wef 01/10/2004]
(l) measures for the construction, installation and inspection of

lifts and escalators;
(m) the control, regulation and supervision by registration,
licensing, inspection or otherwise of places to which the
public has access;
(n) the prescribing of documents, books or records to be kept and
reports or certificates to be made under this Act;
(o) the time and manner of making, and the information and
documents to be furnished in respect of, an application for a
temporary occupation permit and a certificate of statutory
completion;
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
(p) the manner in which the duties and responsibilities of

accredited checkers and specialist accredited checkers are to
be discharged;
(q) the manner in which appeals may be made to and determined
by the Minister under this Act and the information to be
supplied by the Commissioner of Building Control in
connection therewith;
(r) the granting of permits for the erection, demolition and
occupation and the control of buildings required for a limited
time or constructed of short-lived materials;
(s) the procedure for the sampling of building materials under
section 33;
(t) the prescribing of forms necessary for the administration of
this Act; and

(u) the prescribing of fees and charges for the purposes of this
Act.
[18/95; 4/99; 36/99]
(2A) Regulations made under this section may provide that —

(a) any particular objective and performance requirement for the
design and construction of any building shall be deemed to
be complied with if the building is constructed with such
specifications, materials, designs or methods of construction
as may be specified by the Commissioner of Building
Control; and
(b) the Commissioner of Building Control may issue in such
form as he thinks fit, and from time to time amend, one or
more Approved Documents setting out the specifications,
materials, designs or methods of construction which shall,
without prejudice to any alternative means of achieving
compliance, be deemed to comply with the relevant objective
and performance requirement for the design and construction
of buildings prescribed in those regulations.
[18/2003 wef 01/01/2004]
(3) The Minister may, in making any building regulations under this
section, provide that any contravention of or failure to comply with
any provision thereof shall be an offence and may prescribe
punishment by a fine not exceeding $20,000 or imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 12 months or with both.
[50
[Act 22 of 2012 wef 01/12/2012]
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Adoption of codes and standards

50.—(1) Any building regulations made under section 49 may
adopt wholly or partially or as amended by the regulations or by
reference any code, standard, rule, specification or provision which
relates to any matter with which the building regulations deal and
which is —
(a) recommended, issued or adopted by the Singapore
Productivity and Standards Board;

(b) recommended, issued or adopted by —
(i) the British Standards Institution; or
(ii) any other standards organisation or body of any place
outside Singapore being an organisation or body
approved by the Commissioner of Building Control; or
(c) included in any document issued by any Government
department or issued by any public authority constituted
by any written law.
[1/96; 4/99]
(2) The Commissioner of Building Control shall cause a copy of

every code, standard, rule, specification or provision adopted under
subsection (1) (other than a code, standard, rule, specification or
provision recommended, issued or adopted by the Singapore
Productivity and Standards Board) to be made available for
inspection by members of the public without charge at the office of
the Commissioner of Building Control during normal office hours.
[1/96; 4/99]
(3) In any proceedings under the building regulations, a copy

certified by the Commissioner of Building Control as a true copy of a
code, standard, rule, specification or provision adopted under
subsection (1) (other than a code, standard, rule, specification or
provision recommended, issued or adopted by the Singapore
Productivity and Standards Board) shall be evidence of the code,
standard, rule, specification or provision so adopted.
[51
[1/96; 4/99]
Application of Act to Government

51.—(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), this Act shall bind the
Government and shall apply to —
(a) any premises wholly or partly owned or occupied by the
Government; and
(b) any premises in which any building operation or any work of
engineering construction is carried on by or on behalf of the
Government.

(2) Nothing in this Act shall render the Government liable to

prosecution for an offence.
(3) For the avoidance of doubt, no person shall be immune from
prosecution for any offence under this Act by reason that the person is
engaged to provide services to the Government.
[47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]
Presentation of order, notification and regulation to Parliament

52. Any order, notification or building regulations made under this
Act shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after
publication in the Gazette.
[53
Transitional provisions
53.—(1) Any licence, permission, approval or other document
prepared, made or granted under the repealed Act and valid
immediately prior to 1st May 1989 shall be deemed to have been
prepared, made or granted under the corresponding provision of this
Act.
(2) A valid and subsisting certificate of fitness for occupation issued
under regulations made under the repealed Act or a valid and
subsisting temporary occupation licence shall have the same force and
effect as a certificate of statutory completion or temporary occupation
permit, respectively, granted under this Act.
(3) Any temporary permit, permission or other similar document
issued in respect of a temporary building under any written law
relating to building control in force before 1st February 1960 shall be
presumed, until the contrary is proved, to have lapsed or expired.
[2/91]
(4) The powers conferred on the Commissioner of Building Control

by this Act may be exercised in respect of —
(a) any building erected in contravention of, or deemed to be
unauthorised under, any written law relating to building
control in force before 1st May 1989; and
(b) any temporary building in respect of which no temporary
permit, permission or other similar document issued under

any such written law relating to building control or this Act is
in force,
and such building shall be deemed unauthorised for the purposes of
this Act.
[2/91; 4/99]
(5) Where any written law or document refers expressly or by

implication to a temporary occupation licence or to a certificate of
fitness for occupation, the reference shall (except where the context
otherwise requires) be construed as a reference to a temporary
occupation permit or a certificate of statutory completion,
respectively.
(6) For the purposes of this section, “temporary building” means a
building which is required for a limited time or constructed of short-
lived materials.
[54
THE SCHEDULE
[Deleted by Act 47/2007 wef 15/02/2008]

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY
(CHAPTER 29)
This Legislative History is provided for the convenience of users of the Building
Control Act. It is not part of the Act.
1. Act 9 of 1989 — Building Control Act 1989
Date of First Reading : 16.1.1989
(Bill No. 5/89)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 16.2.1989
Date of commencement : 1 May 1989
2. 1990 Revised Edition — Building Control Act
Date of operation : 15 March 1990
3. Act 2 of 1991 — Building Control (Amendment) Act 1990
(Bill No. 31/90 published on
12.11.90)
Date of commencement : 25 January 1991
4. Act 22 of 1991 — Architects Act 1991
(Consequential amendments made by)
28.2.91)
Date of Second Reading : 22.3.91
Referred to Select Committee : Parl 3 of 1991 presented to
Parliament on 17. 6. 91
Date of Third Reading : 28.6.91
Date of commencement : 30 August 1991
5. Act 23 of 1991 — Professional Engineers Act 1991
28.2.91)

ii
Date of Second Reading : 22.3.91
Referred to Select Committee : Parl 3 of 1991 presented to
Parliament on 17.6.91
Date of Third Reading : 28.6.91
Date of commencement : 30 August 1991
6. Act 9 of 1989 — Building Control Act 1989
(Bill No. 5/89)
Date of commencement : 4 December 1992
2.3.95)
Date of commencement : 1 September 1995
8. Act 1 of 1996 — Singapore Productivity and Standards Board Act 1995
2.11.95)
Date of commencement : 1 April 1996
9. G. N. No. S 310/1997 — Building Control Act (Amendment of Schedule)
Order 1997
Date of commencement : 7 July 1997
10. G. N. No. S 96/1998 — Building Control Act (Amendment of Schedule)
Order 1998
Date of commencement : 13 March 1998
11. Act 3 of 1998 — Planning Act 1998
20.11.97)

iii
12. Act 12 of 1997 — Civil Defence Shelter Act 1997
26.8.97)
Date of commencement : 1 May 1998 (except Parts IV
and V)
13. Act 4 of 1999 — Building and Construction Authority Act 1999
24.11.98)
4.8.99)
Date of commencement : 1 October 1999
15. 1999 Revised Edition — Building Control Act
Date of operation : 30 December 1999
Date of First Reading : 30 June 2000
1 July 2000)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 25 August 2000
Date of commencement : 15 October 2000 (sections 3, 4
and 5)

iv
Date of First Reading : 30 June 2000
1 July 2000)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 25 August 2000
Date of commencement : 1 September 2001 (except
sections 3, 4 and 5)
Date of First Reading : 14 August 2003
15 August 2003)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 2 September 2003
Date of commencement : 1 January 2004
Date of First Reading : 20 July 2004
21 July 2004)
Date of commencement : 1 October 2004
20. Act 47 of 2004 — Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act
2004
Date of First Reading : 6 February 2004
26 November 2004)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 19 October 2004
Date of commencement : 1 April 2005 (except
sections 11(2), (4) and (6), 12(2)
and 33(8) and (9), Part VII, item
(5) in the Third Schedule and
items (9)(b), (11) and (12)(a) in
the Fifth Schedule)
28 August 2007)

v
Date of commencement : 15 February 2008 (except
sections 2(r) and (9))
28 August 2007)
Date of commencement : 1 October 2008 (section 2(r))
28 August 2007)
Date of commencement : 16 December 2008 (section (9))
24. Act 30 of 2008 — Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 2) Act 2008
Date of First Reading : 15 September 2008
16 September 2008)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 17 November 2008
Date of commencement : 17 December 2008
25. Act 2 of 2012 — Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2012
Date of First Reading : 21 November 2011
21 November 2011)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 18 January 2012
Date of commencement : 1 March 2012 (except
sections 26 and 29)
Date of First Reading : 13 August 2012 (Bill No.
20/2012 published on 13 August
2012)

vi
Date of commencement : 1 December 2012 (except
sections 2(i), (j) and (k), 4, 5, 14,
15 and 16)
2012)
Date of commencement : 28 October 2013 (section 5)
2012)
Date of commencement : 1 April 2014 (section 4)
29. Act 35 of 2014 — Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 2) Act 2014
Date of First Reading : 8 September 2014 (Bill No.
24/2014 published on
8 September 2014)
Date of Second and Third Readings : 7 October 2014
Date of commencement : 1 July 2015

COMPARATIVE TABLE
(CHAPTER 29)
The following provisions in the 1990 Revised Edition of the Building Control Act
have been renumbered by the Law Revision Commissioners in this 1999 Revised
Edition.
This Comparative Table is provided for the convenience of users. It is not part of
the Building Control Act.
1999 Ed. 1990 Ed.

6—(4) 6—(3A)
(5) (3B)
(6) (3C)
(7) and (8) (4)
(9) (5)
(10) (6)
(11) (7)
— 9—(1) [Deleted by Act 18/95]
9—(1) (2)
(2) (3)
(3) (4)
(4) (5)
(5) (6)
11—(7) Proviso to 11—(6)
(8) (7)
13—(2) 13—(1) (set out)
(3) (2)
(4) (3)
(5) (4)
(6) (5)
(7) (6)

ii
15—(1) and (2) 15—(1)

(3) (2)
16—(7) 16—(6) (set out)
(8) and (9) (7)
(10) (8)
(11) (9)
17 16A
18 17
19 18
20 19
21 20
21—(1A) Proviso to 20—(1)
22 21
Part III Part IIA
22A 21A
22B 21B
22C 21C
22D—(1) and (2) 21D
22E 21E
22F 21F
Part IV Part III
25—(2) 25—(1A)
(3) and (3A) (2)
(4) (3)
(5) (4)
(6) (5)
(7) (6)
(8) (7)
Part V Part IV

iii
28—(4) 28—(3A)
(5) and (5A) (4)
(6) (5)
(7) (5A)
(8) (6)
(9) (6A)
(10) (7)
(11) (8)
30 31
31 32
32—(1) and (2) 33—(1)
(3) (2)
(4) (3)
33 34
(1A) (1) (set out)
(4) and (4A) (4)
(5) Proviso to (4)
(6) (5)
34 35
35—(1), (2) and (3) 36
36 37
(2) and (3) (2)
37 38
(1) and (1A) (1)
(2) and (2A) (2)
38 39
39 40
40 41
41 42

iv
42—(1) 43—(1)
(2), (3) and (4) (1A), (2) and (3)
43 44
44 45
45 46
(1) and (1A) (1)
46 47
47 48
48 49
49 50
50 51
51 52
52 53
53—(1) and (2) 54—(1) and (2)
(3) and (6) (3)
(4) (3A)
(5) (4)

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THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE

BUILDING CONTROL ACT

(Original Enactment: Act 9 of 1989)

REVISED EDITION 1999

(30th December 1999)

Prepared and Published by

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

Building Control Act

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

An Act to consolidate and amend and to make further provision

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“amendment plans” means the plans showing any deviation

“analyst” means an analyst approved by the Commissioner of

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

(c) a dock, wharf or jetty;

(ca) a floating structure, not being a boat or vessel,

(d) a culvert, crossing, bridge, underpass or tunnel;

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

(c) the provision, extension or alteration of any air-

“competent authority” means the competent authority appointed

“earth retaining structure” means any structure, structural system

“exterior feature”, in relation to any building, means any of the

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“general building works” means any building works other than

“geotechnical aspects”, in relation to any geotechnical building

“geotechnical building works” means any of the following

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

(a) any excavation or other building works to make —

“geotechnical engineer” means a professional engineer who is

“Housing and Development Board” means the Housing and

“immediate supervision”, in relation to any building works or

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“large building works” means such building works as are

“limited common property” has the same meaning as in the

“limited liability partnership” has the same meaning as in

“major building works” means building works other than minor

“minor building works” means building works (not being

“occupier”, in relation to any building, means the person in

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

(i) in relation to a lot, any person who is the

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“person responsible”, in relation to an exterior feature of a

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

(b) subject to paragraph (c), where the exterior feature is

“plans”, in relation to any building works —

(b) if prepared in electronic form, includes the medium in

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“short-lived materials” means any building materials which are,

“small-scale building works” means such building works as are

“specialist accredited checker” means an accredited checker who

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“specialist builder” means any person who is licensed under

“specialist building works” means the following types of

(e) pre-cast concrete work comprising fabrication of pre-

Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/7/2015

“structural elements” means those parts or elements of a building

“structural works” means works in relation to the structural