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C - Variables, Loops & Conditional Statements

This document discusses key concepts in C programming including variables, loops, and conditional statements. It defines different variable types in C and how to declare and name variables. It describes the three types of loops - while, do-while, and for - and how they are used to repeatedly execute code. It also explains common loop control statements and the basic logic operators used to construct conditional statements like if/else.

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27 views20 pages

C - Variables, Loops & Conditional Statements

This document discusses key concepts in C programming including variables, loops, and conditional statements. It defines different variable types in C and how to declare and name variables. It describes the three types of loops - while, do-while, and for - and how they are used to repeatedly execute code. It also explains common loop control statements and the basic logic operators used to construct conditional statements like if/else.

Uploaded by

owengitau02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C:

Variables
Loops
Conditional-statements
Agenda
1. Variables in C

2. Conditional statements

3. Loops
Variables
Variables are containers
● Variables are containers for storing data values, like numbers
and characters.
● In C, there are different types of variables (defined with
different keywords), for example:
int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123

float - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or


-19.99

char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B' . Char values are
surrounded by single quotes
Declaring (Creating) Variables
● To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a value:
type variableName = value; ● type is one of C types (such as int)
● variableName is the name of the variable
int cohort_Num = 14; (such as x or myName).
● The equal sign is used to assign a value to
the variable.
cont
● You can also declare a variable without assigning the value,
and assign the value later:
// Declare a variable
int myNum;

// Assign a value to the variable


myNum = 15;
Naming variables
➢ Names can contain letters, digits and underscores
➢ Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
➢ Names are case sensitive (myVar and myvar are different
variables)
➢ Names cannot contain whitespaces or special characters like
!, #, %, etc.
➢ Reserved words (such as int) cannot be used as names
Loops
What are loops
● Loop is used to execute the block of code several times
according to the condition given in the loop.
● It executes the same code multiple times so it saves code and
also helps to traverse the elements of an array.
● There are 3 types of loop –
a. while loop
b. do – while loop
c. for loop
1. while loop
● While loop execute the code until condition is false.
● While loop is executed only when the condition is true.
2. do-while loop
● It also executes the code (at least once) until condition is
false.
● Code is executed whether condition is true or false.
cont...
3. for loop
● Executes the code until condition is false.
● It is used when number of iterations are known where while
loop is used when number of iterations are not known.
● In this three parameters are given that is
○ Initialization
○ Condition
○ Increment/Decrement
Loop control statements
● These statements change the execution of the loop from its
normal execution.
○ break statement – It is used to end the loop or switch
statement and transfers execution to the statement
immediately following the loop or switch.
○ continue statement – It skip some statements according
to the given condition.
○ goto statement – It transfer control to the labeled
statement.
Conditions
&
if statements
intro
● We already know that C supports the usual logical conditions
from mathematics:
○ Less than: a < b
○ Less than or equal to: a <= b
○ Greater than: a > b
○ Greater than or equal to: a >= b
○ Equal to a == b
○ Not Equal to: a != b
1. if
● Used to specify a block of code to be executed if a condition is
true.
2. else
● Used to specify a block of code to be executed if the
condition is false.
3. else if
● Used to specify a new condition if the first condition is false.
Resources
1. All About variables
2. Loops
3. Condition statements

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