called

thedinensionaldimensional eq
eguatingapl
2.20
density
=(ML-[M'LT The
Dimensionsof Examples: [Forcel=
[MLT²1
-3
mass,
.. [M) in
are I '
[IILILI density equationfor presSure is
dimensions |Pressure]=[ML-T-1
dimensional
Hencethe time.
'0'in FORMULAEAND The
lengthand SI units of
in
DIMENSIONALEQUATIONS formulaand fornmulae and SOme
givenin Table 2.8.
Z21 dimensional Dimensional
are
byexamples. shows quantities
is meant which
42. Whateguation ? Gire eapressionrepresent t the physical
dimensional formula. The quantities dimensional
Dimensional fundamental calledthe quantities
and which ofthe quantiBy is physical
how physical quantity. some DimensionalFormula SI Unit
dimensions ofa
given plhysical units of
formulaofthe SI
FormulaeandRelation with other
Dimensional
Table 2.8 Quantities
AMechanicalOuantites m?
S
Physical Quantity LxL=1'=[M'L?r
No. m
Lengthx breadth LxLxL=[M°L°T
breadth x height kgm
1 Area Length x M = (ML T
2 Volume Mass ms!

3. Density
Volume - [M°LT-1
Distance T ms2
velocity
4. Speed or Time LT-! [M°LT1
Change in velocity
T
- LT² =
5. Acceleration Time kg ms-l
MxLT =[MLT]
Mass xvelocity
6. Momentum MxLT2 =[MLT N
Mass x acceleration
7.| Force
Force x distance
MLT- xL =.MLT1
8. Work

9. Energy
Amount of work |ML'T1
Work MLT-2
10. | Power Time =[MLT W

Force ML!T-2
11. Pressure
Area - [MLlT-1 Pa or Nm-2

12. Moment of force or torque Force x l, distance

MLT xL- [ML²T1 Nm
13. Gravitational constant G Force x(distance) MLI12
Mass xmass =[M'LT1
14. Impulse of aforce M×M Nm'kg
Force xtime
MLT-2
15. Stress Force xT =[MLT-] Ns
Area MLT-2
16. Strain
Change in dimension =[ML'T] Nm
-2

Original dimension
17
Coefficient of elasticity Stress [M'LT](dimensionless)
Strain
ML-lT-2
=(MLlT21 Nm2
S. Physical Quantity Relation with other
No. Quantities Dimensional Formula SI Unit
18. Surface tension Force
MLT-2
Length = MT =(MLT-1 Nm-1
19. Surtace energy Work
Area
MLT-2
-= MT =(MLT-1 Im2
L?
20. Coefficient of viscosity Force xdistance
MLT xL
Area xvelocity LxLT-I =[MT} Nm2
or Pa s
Arc
21. Angle L
Radius 7=1=[M''T'] (dimensionless) rad
22. Angular velocity Angle 1
Time 7-T=[M°1OT-1 rad s-l

23. Angular acceleration Angular velocity T rads-2

Time

24 Moment of inertia Mass x (distance) ML =[MI?T°] kgm?

25. Radius of gyration Distance L=(M'LT°]
26. Angular momentum Mass x velocity x radius Mx LTxL=[MLT-] kg m's-1
27. T-ratios Length L
(sin 0, cos , tan 0) Length L
#=1-[M"LT°|(dimensionless)
28. Time period Time
T= (M°L°T]
1
29. Frequency 1 l or Hz
Time period --T'=[M°LOT-]
T

30. | Planck's constant 'h Energy ML}T-2

Frequency T-1 - [MLT]
31. Relative density Density of substance ML-3
Density of water at 4°C ML3=1=[M'LOT°1
(dimensionless)
32. Velocity gradient Velocity LT-!
Distance =T1 -(M°LlT-]
33. Pressure gradient Pressure ML-lT -2 Pa m-l
Distance L
- [ML²T-2
34. Force constant Force MLT-2 Nml
Displacement - MT = [ML°T1
B Thernal Quantitttes
35. Heat or enthalpy Energy [MLT]
36. Specific heat Heat ML? T-2 J kg- K-1
Mass x Temperature M.K - [M°1²TK1
37. Latent heat Heat ML²T -2
Mass - [M°L?T J kg-1
M
38. Thermal conductivity Heat x distance MI? T-2.L Js'm'K
Area x temp. x time =[MLT- K-l1
L'K.T
39. Entropy Heat MLT-2 JK-1
Temperature K - [ML{T ²K]
40. | Universal gas constant PV MLT2 3 J mol- K-1
nT mol· K
= [MLT-²K- mol-1
 PHYSICS-XI
Dimensional Formula SI Unit
Relationwith other JK-1
2.22 MI'T-2 -(MLTK-'
Quantities
PhysicalQuantity K
No.
Energy
L.T.4=ML'T:
MI²
T2
Is m K4
41. Boltzmann's constant Temperature
Energy
(temp.)" Js'm2
ML²T2 =[ML' T
42.Stefan's constant Areax timex
Energy
43. Solar constant Areax time MT-2M'LOro,
MI²T-2
W
44. Mechanical equivalent (dimensionless)
of heat

C EectricalOuantifies
T.A=[M°L°TAJ C(coulomb)
Time x Current MI?T-2--[MTA-) V(volt)
45. Electric charge
Work TA
46. Electrical potential Charge MLTA -1 -[MLT°A 2 (ohm)
Potential difference
A
47. Resistance Current
TA - [MLTA1 F(farad)
Charge MI TA1
48. Capacitance Potential difference
EMF
MLT-A-1-=[ML²TA1 H (henry)
49. Inductance Current/ time AT1
AT-AT A?C N'm²
50. Permittivity of free space MLT2 12
=[MLTA?1
51. Relative permittiv1ty or C, Or K= apure ratio = [M°L°T°1
dielectric constant (dimensionless)
52. Intensity of electric field Force MLT-2 NC or
E=
q Charge
=[MLTA-1 Vm-1
AT
53. Conductance 1
R Or mho
RA
54. Specific resistance or ML? TA2. Qm
resistivity -[MLT-3A1
55. Specific conductance or 1
G=
conductivity
56. Electric dipole moment q x 21
AT·L=[MLTAJ Cm

D Magnetie Ouantities
57. Magnetic field
B=
qu sin 0 MLT-2
T (tesla)
58. Magnetic flux = BA
AT-LT -1.1 =[M°T²A-1
59. Permeability of free space 4Tr. F MTA-1.1
L'MLT-2
=[ML? T²A] Wb (weber)

60. Magnetic moment

Current X area
A²L - [MLT2A21
61. Pole strength
Magnetic moment A-L' [M°LT A] Am?
AL?
Magnetic length L -[M°LT°AJ Am
 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS 2.23

Examples based oin (iv)Coefficient of viscosity,

Derivationof DimensionalFormulae Force Force Distance
Concept Used Areax velocity gradient Area Velocity
MLT2L
The dimensional formula of a physical quantity [n]= L². LT-1 =[MLT-.
with other
can be obtained by defining its relation and T are
quantities, whose dimensions in M, L (v) Surface tension,
known. Force
Length
Example 27. Name the physical quantities whose MLT-2
dimensional formulae are as follows : [o]= =[MT.
(ii) MT2 L
() MT-2 (i) MT (vi) Planck's constant,
(io) ML'T-l (v) MLT-2
Energy
Solution. (i) ML' T-- MLT-2.L h=
Frequency
-Forcex distance =Work.
(1) ML2T-3 ML²T-2 Work MIT-? =[MIT-].
= Power. []=
T Time
MLT-2 Force Example 29. Deduce the dimensional formulae of the
(ii) MT-2 following physical quantities :
L Length (iii)Latent heat
() Heat () Specific heat
= Surface tension or force constant. (iv) Universal gas constant [Central Schools 17]
MLT-2 Force
(iv) ML-lT (v) Boltzmann's constant
L²T-1 Area x velocity gradient
A
(vi) Coefficient of thermal conductivity
= Coefficient of viscosity. (vii) Mechanical equivalent of heat.
MLT-2 Force
() ML-lT= Solution. () Heat= Energy
Area
= Pressure or stress. (Heat]=[MLT ].
Example 28. Deduce the dimensional formulae for the Heat
(i) Specific heat
following physical quantities : Massx temperature
(i) Gravitational constant - [Delhi13] ML²T-2
(iii) Young's modulus [Specific heat] = .-[LT-K-1.
(ii) Power M M.K
(iv) Coeffcient of viscosity () Surface tension (iii) Latertt heat=
Heat
(vi) Planck's constant. Mass
Solution. () According to Newton's law of gravitation, MLT-2
[Latent heat] = -[LT1.
M
F=G
(iv) PV = nRT
[F][PJ MLT. R=.
PV Forcex volume
[G]= molx area x temp.
(m,l[n,] MM nT
Work Forcex Distance MLT.L3
(ii) Power [R]=
Time Time mol. L'.K
MLT,L.-[ML?T]. =[MLT-K-mol ].
[Power] =
T
(v) Boltzmann's constant,
(in) Young's modulus, Heat
F|A F I
Y= Longitudinal stress
k:
Al/1 A AI Temperature
Longitudinal strain
MLT-2 - [MLT-K-).
.:. [Y]= MLT.L,-IMLT1. [k]= K
L?.L
 PHYSICS-XI L7-!
2.24 Example 33. If the velocity of light c, acceleration duue to
gravity &and atmospheric pressure p are the fundamental
conductivity, oflength.
(vi) Coefficient of thermal dimensions
Heatx distance quantities,find the
K= temperature difference Solution. We have,
Areax timex
C= LT-1 g=LT, p= ML T-2
ML²T². L - [MLT-K-]
[K]= L?T-2 (LT-'
L?.T.K
[Length]= L= LT-2 LT-2
(vii)Joule's mechanical equivalent of heat,
Work
Heat Example 34. The number of particles crossing aunit
unit time is given by
ML²T-2 =1= [M°L°T°1. perpendicular to X-axis in
ML? T-2 n=-D-4
Example 30. Findthe dimensional formulae of (i) charge
(ii) potential (ii) resistance (iv) capacitance. where n, and n, are number of particles per unit volurme f
Find the
Solution. () Charge, g=Current x time the values ofx meant to be x,
and x,. of dimensions
[q]=[ATJ. the diffusion constant D.
(i) Potential, Solution. As n=- D
Work
Charge D=
n(x,-x) [numerically]
ML?T-2
[V]= - [ML'A-1T-1
AT
Now n =number of particles per unit area per second,
(iii) Resistance, [n]= L2T-1
Potential difference
R
Current n, -n number of particles per unit volume
MLA-lT3
A
[ML²A-T1. Xy -X= position
(iv) Capacitance, [, -4]=L
Charge
Hence [D]= LT.L -(LT1.
C=
Potential
AT
[C]= --[MLA²T]
Example 31. Taking velocity, time and force as the funda
Problems For Practice
mental quantities, find the dimensions of mass. (AIPMT 14) 1. Deduce dimensional formulae for ()
angle (i) angular
Solution. Force = Massx Acceleration velocity (iii) angular acceleration (iv) torque (0)
angular momentum and (vi) moment of inertia.
= Massx Velocity
Time [Ans. () Dimensionless (i) T-1 (ii) T
Force x Time 2. Obtain (iv) MLT-2 (v) ML2T- (vi) ML1
Or Mass =
Velocity dimensions
(iii) surface energy (iv)of (0) impulse ()
power

[Mass] =[FTV1 bulk modulus (vi) force coefficient of viscosity (v)

ML3
Example 32. Ifdensity p, acceleration due to gravity gand
constant.
[Ans. () MLT - (ii) ML2T -3 (iii) MIlT-2
frequencsv are the asicquantities, find the dimensions ffore) (iv) MLT](v) ML-1T-2 (oi) MI°T )
3. By the use of
Solution. We have p = ML,g=LT-2 v=T-1
volume is equaldimensions,
to the
show that energ perunit
Solving for M, L and T in terms of p,g andy, we get MLr 4
pressure.has
Showthat angular momentum
M=pgv,L=gv, T=yl units asthe the same physical
[Force] = MLT =pg6 -gv².2
the relation EPlanck'
= hv.
s constant h which is ggiven by
5. If
= Ipg v]. force (F), length (L) and the
fundamental time (T) are chosen asthe
quantities,
dimensional formula for then would be
densitywhat? (Ans. FL4T)
 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS 2.25

&Calculate the dimensions of force and impulse 2.22 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VARIABLES
taking velocity, density and frequency as basic AND CONSTANTS
quantities. (Ans. pr'v,puv) 43. Houw can we classify variables and constants on
7 Find the dimensions of linear momentum and examples of each tupe.
density oand the basis of aimensi0ns ? Give
surface tension in terms of velocity , Different types of variables and constants. On the
frequency v as fundamental quantities. basis of dimensions, we can classify quantities into four
(Ans. puy,pv-l)
categories :
m, Iand G
8. In the expression P= El mG; E, 1. Dimensional variables. The physical quantities
angular momentum and values are called
denote energy, mass
respectively. Show that P is which possess dimensions and have variable
gravitational constant, [Exemplar Problem)
dimensional variables.
a dimensionless quantity.
Examples. Area, volume, velocity, force, etc.
HINTS 2. Dimensionless variables. The physical quantities
values are called
3. Energy per unit volume which have no dimnensions but have variable
Energy ML'.T? MLT-2 dimensionless variables.
Volume L? Examples. Angle, specific gravity, strain, etc.
Force
= Pressure. 3. Dimensional constants. The physical values quantities
constant are
Area which possess dimensions and have
4. Angular momentum, called dimensionalconstants.
constant, etc.
L= mur Examples. Gravitational constant, Planck's
[y= MLTL= MLT-1 constant quantities
4. Dimensionless constants. The
dimensionless constants.
As E= hv having no dimensions are called
Examples. t, e, etc.
h=
2.23 APPLICATIONS OF
ML? T2 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
MLT =[L]
analysis.
44. Mention some applications of dimensional
v=LT,= ML,V=T-1 of
Applications of dimensional analysis. The method
6.
Solving for M, L and T in terms of v, p and o, we 8e studuino aphusical phenomenon on the basis of aimeristons
three
T=y, L=v M=pu v is called dimensional analysis. Following are the
main uses of dimensional analysis :
[Force] = MLT -2 =pu v.vv.'puv?
1. Toconvert a physical quantity from one system
[Impulse]= Force xtime =puvv=puV of units to another.
and T as obtained in 2. To check the correctness of a given physical
7. Using the dimensions of M, L
Problem 6, we get relation.
[pl=[m]= MLT1 3. To derive a relationship between different
=pu vUvv=py3 physical quantities.

Surface tension=
Force 2.24 cONVERSION OF ONE SYSTÈM OF
Length UNITS TO ANOTHER
converted from
MLT -2
=MT=pu =puv. 45. How can aphysical quantity be
Explain it with the help
one system of units to another ?
of a suitable example.
8. [E] =ML T ,[M=M, [)= ML' T, quantity from one system of
[GJ= MLoT -2 To convert aphysical based on the fact that the
units to another. It is
remains the same,
magnitude of a physical quantity
MLT-(MLT whatever may be the system of units. If
u, and u, are the
Qand n,
M°GM'IM T units of measurement of a physical
quantity
numerical values, then
and n, are the corresponding
M°LT
MISTT=[M'LOTo; Q=n,4, =1,4
 PHYSICS-XI

2.28 Solution. The dimensions of the

various terms
Z.25 CHECKING THE DIMENSIONAL [x]=[L] are
CONSISTENCY OF EQUATIONS [z,]=[L]
of dimensions. [vyt]=[LTJT]=L]
46. State the principle of homogeneity
What is its basis ?
of dimensions. According
Principle of homogeneity
eguation will be dimensionally Since the dimensions of all the terms
this principle,
tocorrect a physical
if the dimensions are same,
of all the terms ocCurring on both hence the given equation is dimensionally correct.
principle is based Example 40. Check whether the
sides of the equation are the same. This following equation dimen.
is
on the fact that only the physical quantities of the same sionally correct.
kind can be added, subtracted or compared. Thus, mo =mgh.
velocity can be added to velocity but not to force. [NCERT; Himachal 06C1
47. How can we check the dimnensional correctness of a Solution. [ mu]=[MJLT-[MLT-1
physical equation ? Explain it with a suitable example.
Tocheck the dimensional correctness of a physical [mgh]=[M] [LT"J[LJ- [M? T-1
equation. For this purpose we make use of the principle Dimensions of LHS = Dimensions of RHS
of homogeneity of dimensions. If the dimensions of all Hence the given equation is dimensionally coect.
the terms on the two sides of the equation are same,
then the equation is dimensionally correct. Example 41.Check the correctness of the equation,
Example. Let us check the dimensional accuracy of FS =} mu²- mu?
the equation of motion, where F is the force acting on a body of mass m and Sis the
S= ut + at distance moved by the body when its velocity changes from u
to v.
[Delhi 08
Dimensions of different terms are Solution.
(s]=[L]
[FS]= MLT-2,L= MLZT-2
[ut] =[LTT]=[L]
I mo']= M[LT-= MLT-2
IBat]=(LT-ir1-[1]
As all the terms on both sides of the I4 mu']=MLT 1P - ML'T2
equations have Since dimensions of all the terms in the given
the same dimensions, so the given
equation is dimen are same, hence the given equation is equaton
sionally correct. correct. dimensionaly
ForYour Knowledge Example 42. Check the correctness of the relation t=la,
A dimensionally correct equation need where t is the torque
a not be
correct equation, but a dimensionally actually inertia and a is angularacting on a body, Iis the moment
equation must be wrong. The equation inconsistent acceleration.
Solution. Given t=
S=ut + at is dimensionally correct but of motion : Ia
is wrong. numerically it As torque, t = Force x
distance
(t]= MLT2. L= MI2 T-2
Examples based on Moment of inertia,
Dimensional Correctness of I= Mass x
Physical Relations distance
Concept Used []= M?
By the principle of Angular acceleration,
physical relation wiìll homogeneity of
be dimensionally dimensions, a
dimensions of all the terms in the correct if he
equation are the same. Angle
(Time
Example 39. The distance x travelled bby a 1
7phich starts from the positton Xo 0ith body in time t [a]=
nifial
has uniform acceleration a,iis given by x = velocity v, and
x, +vt + [la]= ML²T-2
Check the dimensionally
consistency of this equation. Dimensions
Hence the givenof equation
LHS Dimensions of RHScorrect.
is dimensionally
 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS 2.29
1/2
dimensional consistency of the MLT -2
1" M L
Example 43. Check the (iv) RHS
follonwingquations:
A= 1
() de-Broglie wavelength, LT=T-1

2GM [LHS] =[v]=T-!.

(i) Escape velocity,v= VR [Himachal 05)
Hence the relation iscorrect.
accuracy
Solution. (i) Given =
m Example 45. By the method of dimensions, test the
distance, of the equation :
As wavelength is a 4b d'y
[2]= L
ML? T-1 where S is the depression produced in the middle of a bar of
Plancksconstant when it is loaded in the
Also Mass x velocity
MxLT-TL length l, breadth b and depth d, Young's nodulus of the
middle with mass m. Y is the
of RHS material of the bar.
: Dimensions of LHS = Dimensions
consistent. [LHS] = (6] = depression = L
Hence the given equation is dimensionally Solution.
mg13
|2 GM [RHS] =| 4bd Y
(ii) Given v= R
[v]= LT-l Mass x acceleration x length
modulus
1
1
1 4x breadth x depth x Young's
M'T, M2 =['Tj2= LT-1 M.LT2 13
=L
L L.L'.ML-1 T-2
Dimensions of RHS
": Dimensions of LHS = [LHS]= [RHS]. Hence the relation is correct.
correct.
Hence the equation is dimensionally in the equation :
method of dimensions whether " Example 46. Find the dimensions of alb
Example 44. Check by the and tis time.
correct : F=a/x + bt,where Fis force, x is distance [AIIMS 18]
the following equations are
() E=m (ii) T =2n Solution. [avx]= [F]
[F) MLT-2 = ML/2 T-2
[a]= L2
(i) v=, where v =velocity of sound, [Wx]
[bi²]=[EJ
medium. MLT-2 = MLT -4
P=pressure and p =density of [b]=
T?
= ,where v =frequency of vibration,
(iv) v=
[
21 Vm ML/2T-2
string and [a/b]= MLT-4
l=length of the string, T = tension in the
m= mass per unit length. relation:
"Example 47. Find the dimnensions of ax b in the
Solution.
MLT-2 b-x2 t is time.
(i) |LHS]=[E]= Energy - P=: where Pis power, x is distance and
[RHS] =[ne]= M[LT=MLT-2
at
L
Solution. [b]=(x]= ? .. [P]=
Hence the relation is correct. [at]
¬1/2
=T L
(ii) [RHS]=Vig] LLT2 [a]= [P][t] MLT .T
[LHS] = [T] =T. Hence [ax b] =M-1T?.
equation for agas iS
Example 48. The Vander Wall's
Hence the relation is correct.
¬1/2
ML-lT-2
(ii) [RHS] =
[P]
ML-3
=LT-1
P - b ) -RT
SI
and b. Hence write the
Determine the dimensions of a 06C:Centrat Schools 14]
[LHS] = [v] = LT-1. units ofa and b. JHimachal
Hence the relation is correct.
 PHYSICS-XI
DroblemsForPractice
quantities dimensional consistency of the following
similar Testthe ( )v=u+
at (ii) s= ut +at2
2.30 dimensionally 1., equations: (i) '-=2as [Himachal 07C)
Since
Solution. subtracted,therefore, dimensionally
relations are correct)
added or (Ans. Al
can be F' acting on a smmall sphere of
force
la<=[PV-[MLT-|=MT2 viscous
velocity v through aliquid is
2. The moving with
radius'r F=6nnru. Calculate the dimensions of n,
[b]=(V]=L. m given by viscosity. (Ans. MLT
and that
ofb is coefficientof
coveredlby a particlein time t is given
Also the
is kg m's throughglass, the
The SI unit of a travels distance find the dimensions of
white light
lightinairlvelocity 3. The =a+bt + ct²+ dt ;
Example 49. Whenglass(u = velocity of wavelength as by x (Ans. L, LT",LT,LT
refractiveindex of found to vary with candd.
of a liquid through a
f light inB
glass) is
principle of homogeneityofdimensions, a,b,
critical velocityoftheflowKn
u=A+ .Usingthe must be 4 The by v, -, wherepis the
constants A and B radius r is given
which the pipeof
find the SI units in coefficient of viscosity of the
density and nis the
expresed.
Velocity of light in air this relation
is dimensionally
Solution. Here u =
Velocity of light in glass liquid. Check if (Ans. Correct)
=a dimensionless number Correct.
through a
5. The rate of flow () of a liquid flowing
[A]=[u]=adimensionless number gradient (P/D) is
pipe of radius r and a pressure P
B by Poiseuilles equation : y =.
As given
Check the dimensional consistency of this equation.
and SI
(Ans. Correct)
Hence A, being dimensionless, has no units
unit of B is m'. 6. Testifthefollowing equation is dimensionally correct:
2 Scos 0
Example 50. In the equation :y=a sin(ot-kx), t and x h=
stand for time and distance respectively. Obtain the rpg
dimensional formula for o and k.
where h= height, S =surface tension, p =density,
Solution. An angle is a dimensionless quantity,
1 r= radius, and g= acceleration due to gravity.
[of]=1 or [o] =
[t] T
-T. (Ans. Correct)
7. Find the dimensions of the quantity v in the equation,
[kx]=1 Or
(k]-=L'.
[x] L p(a-x)
where a is the radius and lis the
2n!
Example 51. Rule out or accept the following8 formulae for length of the tube in which the fluid of
kinetic energy on the basis of dimensional arguments :
3 viscosity
of
nis flowing, xis the distance coefficient
from the axiso
() -mu? (i) mu'+ ma the tube and
16 [Central Schools 08] p is the
pressure difference.
Solution. K.E. -=m?
1
8. (Ans,LT-)
2 Find the
Dimensions of K.E. =[MLT1 dimensions of the quantity q from the
3
expression : T=2t where T is the time
(i) Dimensions of
16 -mu² =[ML?T1 period of a bar of
This formula is
dimensionally acceptable for K.E 9. An
modulus Y, length l,
mass mand Young's
(Ans.L)
citherculartificial
[1
(i) m²+[ma] =[ML'T |+[MLT-2|
2
ar orbitof satellite of mass mis
revolving in a
This formula cannot be
the radius
around
the orbit
a
planet of Mand radius R. If
dimensionally inhomogeneous.accepted for K.E. as it is method of of the satellite be r, justifyby
the satel ite is dimensiby:onsT=
given
that the time period
27 3
of

R Vg
 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS 2.31
|47 m31 ML
). Find the dimensions of (a xb) in the equation : 8. ML-lT-2 p2L".
b-x2
E= ;where E is energy, x is distance andt is
at
time. (Ans. M'L²T) 9. [T]=T
1/2
11. Find the dimensions of (a/b) in the equation : =T.
a
P=
bx
Hence the relation is correct.
where P is pressure, x is distance and tis time.
(Ans. MT) T?
11. [a] =(2j =T? : (P]=[bx]
12. Time period of an oscillating drop of radius r,
T2 = M-lT 4
density pand surface tension Sis : T= KPS or [b] = [P][x] ML-T-2.L
Check the correctness of the relation. [Himachal 04] T²
[a/ b] = M-IT4 MT-2
(Ans. Correct)
13. Out of formulae (i) y = asin 2nt / Tand (ii) y = asin vt [ML][L q1/2
for the displacement y of particle undergoing a 12. [RHS] =[T]= (LHS]
certain periodic motion,rule out the wrong formula [MT1
on dimensional grounds. (where a = maximum 13. Refer to the answer of NCERT Exercise 2.14.
displacement of the particle, v= speed of the
particle, T= time period of motion). [Delhi 09]
2.26 DEDUCING RELATION AMONG THE
HINTS PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
1. (1) [ = LT [ = LT 48. How can the method of dimensions be used to
[at] = LT-2T=LT-1 deduce a relation among the physical quantities ? Explain
(i) Is] = L, [ut] = LT.T =L, it with the help of a suitable example.
To derive the relationship among physical
aLrr'-t quantities. By making use of the homogeneity of
dimensions, we can derive an expression for a physical
(ii) quantity if we know the various factors on which it
[]=[LT--1?T depends.
[2 aS] =LT-.L=1?T-2 Example. Let us derive an expression for the
centripetal force F acting on a particle of mass m
4. [v]= critical velocity =LT moving with velocity v in a circle of radius r.
1. ML-l T-1 Let Fc n v or F=Knf o ...(1)
rp L.ML3 where Kis a dimensionless constant. Writing the dimern
Hence the relation is correct.
sions of various quantities in equation (1), we get
5. [V]= Rate of flow of liquid [MLT1=1[M'[LT-"LE
= Volume /Time =[T-1 Or M'LT-² = M'Ib+ op-b
ML TI4-=LT-1 Comparing the dimensions of similar quantities on
8 nl ML- T-.L both sides, we get
Hence the relation is correct. a=1
6. [h] = L b+c=1 or c=1-b=1-2 =-1
2 Scos MT-2,1 -2 = -b or b=2
L.ML-3 IT-2L
rpg From equation (1), we get
Hence the relation is correct. my2
F= Kmv'= K
7. [u = [ML'T1.([² -L) ML-T².1?-= LT-1
[ML- T-l. [LJ MT-1 This is the required expression for the centripetal
force.