a c ad bc Formulas for area A, circumference C, and volume V:

ab c ab ac
b d bd
Triangle Circle Sector of Circle
a
A 12 bh A r2 A 12 r 2
a c a c b a d ad
1
b b b c b c bc 2 ab sin C 2 r s r in radians
d

a r
h s
m r
x
x mx n xm n
xm n
b
xn r
m n mn n 1
x x x
xn
n
n x xn Sphere Cylinder Cone
xy x nyn
y yn 4
V 3 r3 V r 2h
1
V 3 r 2h
x1 n n
x xm n n
xm ( x )m
n
A 4 r2 A r r2 h2

n x n
x r
n
xy n
xny
y n
y
r h
h
r
x2 y2 x y x y
x3 y3 x y x2 xy y2
x3 y3 x y x2 xy y2

Distance between P1 x1, y1 and P2 x 2, y2 :

2
x y x2 2xy y2 x y 2
x2 2xy y2
x y 3
x3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y3 d x2 x1 2 y2 y1 2

3
x y x3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y3
x1 x 2 y1 y2
n nn 1 Midpoint of P1 P2 : ,
x y xn nx n 1y x n 2y2 2 2
2
n n k k
x y nxy n 1
yn
k
n nn 1 n k 1
where Slope of line through P1 x1, y1 and P2 x 2, y2 :
k 1 2 3 k
y2 y1
m
x2 x1
b b2 4ac
If ax 2 bx c 0, then x .
2a Point-slope equation of line through P1 x1, y1 with slope m:

y y1 mx x1
If a b and b c, then a c.
Slope-intercept equation of line with slope m and y-intercept b:
If a b, then a c b c.
If a b and c 0, then ca cb. y mx b
If a b and c 0, then ca cb.
If a 0, then
x a means x a or x a
Equation of the circle with center h, k and radius r:
x a means a x a
2 2
x a means x a or x a x h y k r2
 radians 180 1 1
csc sec
sin cos
180
1 rad 1 rad
180 sin cos
tan cot
cos sin

in radians 1
cot sin 2 cos 2 1
tan

1 tan 2 sec 2 1 cot 2 csc 2

opp hyp
sin csc sin sin cos cos
hyp opp hyp
opp
adj hyp
cos sec tan tan sin cos
hyp adj 2
adj
opp adj
tan cot
adj opp cos sin tan cot
2 2

sin csc sin sin sin

cos sec

tan cot
2 2 2
2 cos
2 2 2
2 cos
tan 2 2 2
2 cos
sin cos
1 1

sin sin cos cos sin

sin sin cos cos sin
cos cos cos sin sin
csc sec cot cos cos cos sin sin
tan tan
1 1 tan
1 tan tan
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

sin 2 2 sin cos

2
cos 2 cos sin 2 2 cos 2 1 1 2 sin 2
radians sin cos tan 2 tan
tan 2
0 0 0 1 0 1 tan2
30 6 12 3 2 3 3
45 4 2 2 2 2 1
60 3 3 2 12 3 1 cos 2 1 cos 2
sin 2 cos 2
90 2 1 0 — 2 2